EP0435934A1 - Kit de construction de batiments prefabriques. - Google Patents
Kit de construction de batiments prefabriques.Info
- Publication number
- EP0435934A1 EP0435934A1 EP19890911072 EP89911072A EP0435934A1 EP 0435934 A1 EP0435934 A1 EP 0435934A1 EP 19890911072 EP19890911072 EP 19890911072 EP 89911072 A EP89911072 A EP 89911072A EP 0435934 A1 EP0435934 A1 EP 0435934A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- building
- unit
- transportation unit
- frame
- kit according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 210000003195 fascia Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003197 gene knockdown Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012857 repacking Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
- E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
- E04B1/34321—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by panels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
- E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
- E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
- E04B1/34317—Set of building elements forming a self-contained package for transport before assembly
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a kit of components for producing a prefabricated building which is formed into a transportation unit which is capable of being transported by machinery designed for transporting standard containers. It is known, e.g., from US 3,945,157 (DE 2,063,109) and DE 2,854,471, to provide such a kit in the form of a transportation container constructed from the kit.
- the walls of the container are formed of trays consisting of partially preassembled end and side walls of the eventual building. Accordingly there is inevitably a lot of wasted space in the container, and there are severe restrictions on the size of building that can be transported if the container is to be of conventional size.
- a new kit according to the invention of components for producing a prefabricated building is packed such that it forms a transportation unit that has size and shape of a substantially conventional container, the structure of the container consists substantially only of components of the pre abricated building, and comprises a cuboidal frame, the edges of which are formed from, and can be separated into, elongate beams for use in the building.
- the size of the transportation unit must be such that the unit is carriable by lorries and other vehicles designed for the carriage of conventional containers, and so normally has substantially the same size as a conventional container.
- a conventional container is about 2-3 ir. high and about 2.44 m (nominally 2.435 m) wide and, usually, about 6.06 (nominally 6.058 ) long or sometimes shorter (eg about 4.5 m) or longer (eg 12.1 m) .
- the unit has substantially the size and shape of a container of the type known as a High Cube Container (or a Supercontainer) and which preferably has a height of about 2.6 m and often a length of 12.1 m.
- Corner pieces may be provided to secure the beams at the corners of the cuboidal frame.
- the frame is separated to form at least twelve elongate beams ie from the twelve frame members.
- the beams are separated from the corner pieces before being used as components of the prefabricated building.
- Each edge preferably comprises a single beam for maximum strength and stability of the unit, although for the longest edges, it may be necessary to join two or more beams together.
- each component is capable of being carried by one or, at most, two persons.
- the beams forming the edges of the transportation unit are subsequently used in the prefabricated building, for instance as part of a portable foundation which is placed directly on the ground and supports the rest of the building, but preferably the beams are stabilising components for attaching horizontally across the tops of the walls and for attachment of the roof trusses. They are usually L-section.
- the beams may comprise roof supports for the building or may comprise vertical corner units.
- the transportation unit is stabilised by the provision of diagonal struts between edges of the frame, preferably connected as near as possible to the ends of the edges.
- the floor of the transportation unit may have such diagonal struts, and for additional stability the ceiling and/or long walls (i.e., side walls) may have such struts.
- these diagonal struts may be provided by beams that may be preformed triangular roof trusses. These may be secured to the edges of the transportation unit by bolts, for instance which are subsequently used in the building.
- the floor of the transportation unit is supported by horizontal cross pieces fixed between the horizontal edges of the lower part of the frame.
- the floor, walls and top of the transportation unit are generally provided by panels, which may subsequently be used in the building as wall panels, floor panels or roof panels.
- panels which may subsequently be used in the building as wall panels, floor panels or roof panels.
- the transportation unit are provided by panels subsequently to be used as roof covering or wall fascia panels for the building. They are for instance made of plywood and are strong and cheap and so unlikely to suffer expensive damage during transportation of the unit and thus protect the more sensitive wall panels stacked behind them.
- substantially all individual or preassembled panels are flat, so as to facilitate close packing of the entire container, although wall corner panel units (e.g., consisting of two narrow panels at right angles to each other) may be included.
- wall corner panel units e.g., consisting of two narrow panels at right angles to each other
- one or more faces of the unit are formed from a plurality of separate panels in side-by-side relationship.
- the transportation unit is formed and packed so that it can be dismantled from the inside outwards only and so that as the components are removed they can be used substantially in sequence to construct the building. Thus the components are packed into the transportation unit so that they may be removed in the order in which they are required for constructing the building.
- the transportation unit is provided with an entrance door, for instance in the front or rear wall, which can be locked, for instance before or whilst the transportation unit is being dismantled.
- This door should be the only entrance to the transportation unit and thus must be sufficiently large for the components to pass through.
- the door is subsequently used as a door component in the building structure.
- corner structures For strength, and in order for transportation of the unit to be facilitated, it is preferably provided with standard container corner structures in order that it can be handled by the standard container-handling equipment.
- it preferably comprises corner structures of standard dimensions having standard apertures for container-handling equipment.
- corner structures are generally formed of steel, for instance 5-6mm gauge steel, and are connected to the beams forming the frame of the transportation unit either by being bolted or may be integral with the beams for instance they may be welded together.
- these or other corner structures for the frame may be components of the prefabricated building. For instance, they may be used for internal features of the building. However in some cases they m ay have no function in the building.
- each corner structure is welded to the three frame beams which meet at that corner. Usually the corner piece is removed from those beams before the beams are used in the structure of the building, for instance may be severed from the beams using conventional equipment, for instance a disc grinder.
- the transportation unit may also contain items of furniture for the interior of the building, generally in knock down form for subsequent assembly.
- one building for instance having a floor area of about 100 m 2
- a single container of that size may comprise sufficient components for building two or three buildings for instance simple shelters each having a floor area of about 45-50 m 2 .
- a longer transportation unit may be required or, two transportation units may be required.
- the buildings which are produced may be residential units or may be commercial or industrial units or may be public service buildings such as schools, hospitals etc.
- the invention is of particular use for providing emergency shelter accommodation for areas where these are required, for instance, where homes have been destroyed by natural causes or where there are large numbers of refugees to be accommodated.
- the transportation units are easy to transport by conventional container equipment and the prefabricated buildings are in general simple and quick to construct, even by unskilled workers.
- the invention is also of use for provision of temporary buildings which need to be dismantled after use and repacked and re-erected elsewhere. Since, in the preferred embodiment, all of the components of the transportation unit, and in particular its frame, form part of the structure of the building, these components are available for reconstruction of the transportation unit on dismantling of the building.
- figure 1 is a plan view of the floor of a transportation unit
- figure 2 is a side view of a transportation unit
- figure 3 is an end on view of a transportation unit
- figure 4 is a partially cut away perspective view of a transportation unit
- figure 5 is a perspective view of a partially constructed building
- figure 6 is a side view of a fully constructed building
- figure 7 is a cross-section along line vii-vii in figure 2
- figure 8 is a cross-section along lines viii-viii of figure 6.
- FIGS 1, 2 and 3 are schematic illustrations of a transportation unit 1 packed and ready for transporting.
- the unit consists of a frame formed from vertical beams 2a to 2d, bottom horizontal beams 3a to 3d and top horizontal beams 4a to 4d, held together by eight corner pieces, 5a to 5h, which in this case are welded to the respective beams.
- the beams all have L-section and are formed of 5-6 mm gauge steel.
- the bottom rectangle of the frame formed by horizontal beams 3a to 3d is stabilised by diagonal struts, comprising two triangular roof trusses 6 and 7 that are bolted to the beams.
- a protective layer across the entire floor area of the transportation unit for instance formed of sheets of plywood (illustrated in figures 6 and 7) . These plywood sheets are subsequently used as part of the roof covering for the house.
- the long side walls of the transportation unit are provided by building wall panels 8 and 9.
- building wall panels 8 and 9 Preferably, not shown in figs 1, 2 and 3, there is a protective layer of plywood sheets used as the external wall of the transportation unit.
- Figure 3 shows an end view of a packed transportation unit showing the wall panels stacked vertically at each side of the container and also showing other components of the building, generally illustrated as 10, stacked in the container. These other components may be further roof trusses, further roof panels or external wall fascias or floor panels used in the building.
- a preferred building comprises a portable foundation formed from a number of beams and, since these are required in the first stages of erecting the building, they may also be placed in the area 10.
- the end walls may be provided with a protective layer of plywood, which prevents components being lost or removed during transport, as may the top horizontal walls of the unit.
- roof trusses including large roof trusses 35 and 36 and, fitted inside these, smaller roof trusses 37 ar. 38.
- the large beams 35 and 36 have extensions 39, 40 for supporting the eaves of the building, and so are supported in the transportation unit on props 41 and 42.
- one larger roof truss 43 which is secured along the other longitudinal wall and acts as a stabilising strut for the structures of the transportation unit by being bolted to the horizontal beam 3a and vertical beam 2a.
- This roof truss has additional struts 44, 45 and 46 to give it further strength.
- the shorter roof trusses are used for the construction of roofs having four inclined surfaces, for instance pyramidal roofs.
- Figures 7 and 8 show in more detail the construction of the corner units and how they are fitted to the beams.
- beam 3a is L-shaped in cross-section. It is fixed to corner piece 5a by welding.
- 5a consists of a generally box-shaped unit, the 3 externally facing surfaces being provided with apertures, 11, 12 and 13. These are of a standard shape for admitting standard container-handling equipment, for instance of cranes for lifting the container or of locking units for locking it onto transportation vehicles, such as trains or lorries. They are thus rectangular so as to be capable of admitting generally rectangular components which can then be twisted to lock them within the corner box.
- To the long horizontal beam 3a there are fitted a plurality of. horizontal struts, through one of which, 14, the section is taken.
- This cross strut has for most of its length a T-section, but has no leg at the ends where the strut is fixed to the horizontal part 15 of the beam 3a.
- the T-section gives the beam strength for supporting the floor of the transportation unit.
- a layer of plywood for instance 16mm plywood.
- This truss is bolted to the side beam 3a at various positions along its length and is generally bolted to the second truss, 7, at a plurality of positions along their abutting edges.
- For protection of the roof trusses a further layer of plywood 17 is placed over them.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a section along line VIII-VIII in figure 7. This shows a corner unit 5a having an aperture 12 in its lower surface and an aperture 13 in the surface facing outwardly at the end of the container transportation unit.
- vertical beam 2a and horizontal beam 3a are secured to the corner unit.
- horizontal transverse beam 3b is also welded to the corner unit which is behind the corner unit in the diagrams and so is not shown.
- a cross beam 14 having a T-shaped cross section.
- This beam supports the floor of the transportation unit which is provided by an outer covering of plywood 16 and diagonal struts, provided by triangular roof truss 6.
- a further sheet of plywood, 17 is placed on top of the roof truss 6.
- the end wall of the transportation unit also has a covering of plywood, 23.
- Wall panels, including wall panel 8 are stacked vertically parallel with the side walls.
- Figures 5 and 6 illustrate generally one type of shelter that may be constructed from the components packed into the transportation unit kit.
- Figure 5 shows a shelter 24 in partially constructed form. It consists of a portable foundation comprising beams 25 and 26 which are secured to the ground ar.d which are secured to each other by fixing plates, generally at least at the corners. Wall panels 27 are supported on the portable foundation beams by interlocking securing means, not shown in the diagram. Some of the wall units have window openings 28, and others have door openings 29. When all of the wall panels are fitted onto the portable foundation the roof is applied.
- the roof consists of triangular roof trusses 6 and 7, which have been used as diagonal struts in the base of the transportation unit, as further illustrated in figures 1, 6 and 7.
- the roof trusses are secured to each other along their abutting portions.
- the roof trusses are secured above the walls by L-shaped beams 3 which are secured to the trusses, 6 and 7, wall panels 27 and portable foundation beams 25 by long bolts 30.
- the L-shaped beams are the beams used to form the frame of the transportation unit.
- the roof may be stabilised against the wind by the provision of struts, for instance across the ceiling of the shelter. Conveniently these struts are formed by the T-shaped beams 14 illustrated in figures 6 and 7, used to support the floor of the transportation unit.
- the roof of the shelter is finished by covering with a layer of plywood, 31, using the plywood from the transportation unit. Plywood can also be used as a floor covering 32. In the shelter shown there are also provided gutters 33 and drainpipes 34.
- all of the components of the transportation unit including the bolts used to secure components to each other curing transport, are used in the construction of the shelter.
- the corner units 5 are severed from the beams, for instance using a conventional implement for cutting steel, such as a disk grinder.
- the corner units car. also be used as components of the building, for instance as structural components for supporting cookinr apparatus.
- the transportation unit is packed in a way that allows components to be used in approximately the order in which they are required for constucting the building.
- the portable foundation beams 25 and 26 can be removed from the transportation unit at an early stage and can be secured to the ground.
- the wall panels 8 and 9 can then be removed from the transportation unit and secured onto the portable foundation, the roof trusses 6 and 7 then being fitted above the walls.
- the L-shaped beams 3 are the last components to be dismantled from the transportation unit and are not required until the final stages of the construction of the building.
- the components of the kit are the components of the kit described in the application filed even date by the same applicant entitled Prefabricated Building claiming priority from GB 8822562, the entire disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Packaging Of Machine Parts And Wound Products (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT89911072T ATE97711T1 (de) | 1988-09-26 | 1989-09-26 | Vorgefertigter gebaeudebausatz. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB888822561A GB8822561D0 (en) | 1988-09-26 | 1988-09-26 | Prefabricated building kit |
GB8822561 | 1988-09-26 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0435934A1 true EP0435934A1 (fr) | 1991-07-10 |
EP0435934B1 EP0435934B1 (fr) | 1993-11-24 |
Family
ID=10644245
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89911072A Expired - Lifetime EP0435934B1 (fr) | 1988-09-26 | 1989-09-26 | Kit de construction de batiments prefabriques |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0435934B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH04502654A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU632066B2 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE68910982T2 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB8822561D0 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1990003477A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5317857A (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1994-06-07 | Allison Robert S | Standardized portable housing unit |
TW363646U (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1999-07-01 | Global Concept Housing Pty Ltd | Transportable building apparatus incorporating cargo shipping container |
FR2820161A1 (fr) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-08-02 | Dassault Investissements | Procede de montage d'un abri d'urgence et abri resultant de la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
DE10245078B4 (de) * | 2002-09-27 | 2005-08-11 | Aloys Wobben | Windenergieanlage |
EP1604073A1 (fr) * | 2003-02-28 | 2005-12-14 | Henrik Lambreth | Procede et composants permettant d'eriger un batiment |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1015866A (en) * | 1962-12-21 | 1966-01-05 | Dexion Ltd | Improvements relating to prefabricated buildings |
DE2063109A1 (de) * | 1969-12-12 | 1971-07-08 | Borys, Zdzislaw, Bognor Regis, Sussex (Großbritannien) | Zimmereinheit aus vorgefertigten, rechteckigen Wandelementen |
US4007833A (en) * | 1975-07-10 | 1977-02-15 | Bigelow F E Jun | Building system |
DE2854571A1 (de) * | 1978-12-18 | 1980-06-26 | Atrium Wohnungsbau Gmbh & Co K | Wohnhaus |
EP0038593B1 (fr) * | 1980-04-15 | 1984-06-27 | FIVALTEC Financière de valorisation technologique | Elément de construction en forme de conteneur et construction obtenue à partir de plusieurs des éléments constitutifs de tels conteneurs |
DE3165023D1 (en) * | 1980-05-01 | 1984-08-30 | Portakabin Ltd | Portable building units |
GB2075083B (en) * | 1980-05-01 | 1983-06-08 | Portakabin Ltd | Portable building units |
-
1988
- 1988-09-26 GB GB888822561A patent/GB8822561D0/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-09-26 JP JP1510310A patent/JPH04502654A/ja active Pending
- 1989-09-26 DE DE89911072T patent/DE68910982T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-09-26 AU AU43314/89A patent/AU632066B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-09-26 WO PCT/GB1989/001127 patent/WO1990003477A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1989-09-26 EP EP89911072A patent/EP0435934B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9003477A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8822561D0 (en) | 1988-11-02 |
AU4331489A (en) | 1990-04-18 |
AU632066B2 (en) | 1992-12-17 |
WO1990003477A1 (fr) | 1990-04-05 |
DE68910982D1 (de) | 1994-01-05 |
DE68910982T2 (de) | 1994-04-07 |
JPH04502654A (ja) | 1992-05-14 |
EP0435934B1 (fr) | 1993-11-24 |
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