EP0410362B1 - Device for the sizing of tiles - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for dressing slabs, in particular made of slate, clay or other natural or artificial rocks, with at least one dressing station, which has an abutment and a clamping device for clamping a raw plate to the abutment and which is assigned a processing tool which is assigned via the raw plate clamped between the abutment and the clamping device moves away and cuts off its edges projecting over the abutment.

Slabs of natural or artificial stone, such as slate, fired clay or fiber cement, which have different sizes and shapes and are overlapped on a base made of wood or other material, are often used to cover roofs and to clad house walls. The prepared raw panels are cut to the desired shapes according to a template, the parts of a raw panel projecting beyond the edge of the template being cut off or cut off with a knife. Here, especially with slate slabs or other slabs made of natural rocks, there is the problem of conveying, clamping and processing the slab in such a way that it does not break on its conveying path and during processing.

A method for dressing plates is known (DE-OS 38 39 546 Al), in which the raw plates are edged are brought up in a stack on a feed device and one raw plate after the other with a previously processed edge is thrown upright in free fall into a dressing station arranged below the feed device, where they are clamped upright and their not yet trimmed edges are cut off by a processing tool, after which the prepared prefabricated panels, following their gravity, are directed onto a conveying means.

In this known method it often happens that the upright thrown raw plates with their lower, machined edge do not hit the support device of the dressing station in parallel but at an angle and thereby spring back and jump up and down several times or are flung out again laterally from the dressing station.

Furthermore, the performance of the known dressing device is limited, since in the reciprocating machining tool each cutting stroke is followed by a return stroke and downtimes must be provided between the strokes for loading and unloading the dressing station.

The object of the invention is to provide a device for dressing plates of the type explained in more detail at the outset, with which a large number of raw plates, in particular raw slate plates, are gently prepared in a very short time, i. H. can be cut to the desired shape and size at their edges.

To achieve this object, according to the invention at least one orbiting machining tool is provided which only moves forward and always returns in a circular path to the dressing station, where it passes over the clamped raw plate and cuts off its edges which protrude beyond the abutment. Here, the processing tool can circle on a circular or elliptical path and be guided on one or more rails. It is particularly useful however, if the machining tool is fastened to a support arm which rotates about a central axis arranged at a distance from the dressing station. The raw plates are then trimmed by a rotating processing tool in order to increase the throughput and to achieve the highest possible working speed of the truing device.

In order to increase the performance of the machining device even more and to straighten several raw plates in one revolution of the machining tool, it is expedient if the machining tool circles around a substantially vertical central axis and if several dressing stations with essentially vertical abutments and clamping devices are arranged in the rotating circle of the machining tool .

Although it is also possible to feed the raw plates to all dressing stations from a central feed device, it is generally more expedient to arrange a separate raw plate feed device above each dressing station and a finished plate removal device under each dressing station, which feeds the plates essentially tangentially into and from the dressing stations pull this off again.

In order to achieve a perfect cut and to prevent cracks and breaks in the clamped raw panels, it is useful if the processing tool several, in Direction of movement arranged one behind the other partial knife, which form at least one partial ring of the type and size of the finished plate to be cut. The dividing knives are detachable and are attached radially to the central axis on a knife holder which circles around the central axis. The dividing knives can thus be easily adjusted and exchanged for those of a different shape and size.

• Fig. 1 die schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Zurichten von Schieferplatten nach der Erfindung, bei der sich die Zurichtstation in Einwurfstellung befindet, in einer Seitenansicht;
• Fig. 2 die Zurichtstation der Zurichtvorrichtung nach Fig. 1 in ihrer Klemmstellung;
• Fig. 3 die Zurichtstation der Zurichtvorrichtung nach Fig. 1 in einer Auswurfstellung;
• Fig. 4 einen schematischen Teilgrundriß der Zurichtvorrichtung nach Fig. 1 in Richtung der Pfeile IV gesehen;
• Fig. 5 die Zurichtvorrichtung nach Fig. 1 in einem Horizontal-Teilschnitt nach Linie V-V der Fig. 1 und
• Fig. 6 einen vertikalen Querschnitt durch das Bearbeitungswerkzeug der Zurichtvorrichtung nach den Fig. 1, 4 und 5 in einem Schnitt nach Linie VI-VI.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the drawings, in which a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is illustrated using an example which also serves to explain the method according to the invention. The drawings show:

• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a device for dressing slate slabs according to the invention, in which the dressing station is in the throw-in position, in a side view.
• FIG. 2 shows the dressing station of the dressing device according to FIG. 1 in its clamped position;
• 3 shows the dressing station of the dressing device according to FIG. 1 in an ejection position;
• Fig. 4 seen a schematic partial plan view of the dressing device according to Fig. 1 in the direction of arrows IV;
• 5 shows the dressing device according to FIG. 1 in a horizontal partial section along line VV of FIGS. 1 and
• Fig. 6 shows a vertical cross section through the processing tool of the dressing device 1, 4 and 5 in a section along line VI-VI.

In the drawings, 10 denotes a dressing device for dressing slate plates, which consists of two processing stations I and II and a processing device III. The machining device III has a machining tool 11 which is fastened to a support arm 12 which rotates about a substantially vertical central axis 13 and is rotatably driven by a drive, not shown, so that the machining tool 11 is in a circular movement path 14 about the central axis 13 circles. In this movement path 14, the two processing stations I and II of identical design are arranged diametrically opposite one another, as is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

Each of the two processing stations I and II consists of a dressing station 15, a raw plate feed device 16 arranged above the dressing station and a prefabricated plate discharge device 17 arranged below the dressing station. The arrangement is such that the support arm 12 of the processing device III varies in height between the dressing devices 15 and the raw plate feeders 16, as shown in Fig. 1.

The raw plate feed device 16 consists of a longitudinal conveyor device 18, which has a conveyor belt 19 rotating around belt rollers 20, on which a stack 21 of upright standing raw plates 22 made of slate is gradually advanced by a hydraulic or pneumatic feed device 23 against a transfer device 24. becomes.

The transfer device 24 has a suction head 25 which is pivotally mounted in a carriage 26 about a horizontal axis 27 and by a first pneumatic cylinder about the Axis 27 pivoted and can be moved back and forth by a second pneumatic cylinder 29 against the raw plate stack 21 with the carriage 26. The suction head 25 has a suction plate, not shown here, with suction openings, behind which a negative pressure can be generated in order to hold a raw plate 22 in contact with the suction plate by suction and by lifting the suction through the gap 30 between the raw plate feed device 16 and the transfer device 24 to drop into the dressing station 15 below.

Each dressing station 15 consists of a fixed abutment 31, a clamping device 32 that can be moved back and forth against the abutment and a support device 33 for a raw plate 22 arranged below the abutment 31 and clamping device 32. The abutment 31 has a vertically arranged abutment plate 34 in which a guide bar 36 which can be swung in and out of the front surface of the abutment plate by a third pneumatic cylinder 35 is arranged.

The clamping device 32 arranged opposite the abutment 31 carries a perforating device 38 and a clamping jaw 37 which carries a rubber pressure plate 39 and can also be provided with a suction head which is similar to the suction head 25 of the transfer device 24. The perforating device 38 carries on it the Abutment plate 34 facing side mandrels 40, which penetrate the jaw 37 and can enter holes 41 provided for this purpose in the abutment plate 34 when they have pierced the raw plate 22 clamped between the abutment plate 34 and the jaw 37.

The clamping jaw 37 can be pushed with the aid of a fourth pneumatic cylinder 41 in the direction of the abutment plate 34 via the perforating device 38 and pushed back against it. Hole device 38 and jaw 37 are carried by a bracket 42, which is on a support 43 is attached, which can be moved back and forth on a slide rail 44 by a fifth pneumatic cylinder 45 against the abutment 31. The support device 33, which consists of two support elements 47 and 48 arranged laterally next to one another in the direction of the plane of the raw plate 22 introduced into the dressing station 15, ie radially to the central axis 13 of the device, is also fastened to the support 43 with a support 46. Each of the two support elements 47 and 48 has a support plate 49 and 50, which is circular in the embodiment shown and is fastened on the piston rod 51 by sixth pneumatic cylinders 52. Every sixth pneumatic cylinder is provided with damping elements, not shown, which dampen the movement of the piston in the cylinder 52 before it reaches its end position. Such damping elements are known per se as "end position damping" in pneumatic cylinders and therefore do not need to be described in more detail here.

The sixth pneumatic cylinders 52 are set in their initial position shown in FIG. 1 so that they give way elastically and act like shock absorbers when they are loaded by a raw plate 22 falling out of the gap 30, the two support elements 47 and 48 acting independently of one another. Both support plates 49 and 50 can then, together aligned horizontally at the same height, be raised together to the position shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 in order to align the height of the raw plate 22 with the abutment plate 34. At the lower end of the abutment 31, a guide device 53 is fastened, with which the prefabricated plates 54 falling out of the dressing station 15 are guided onto a removal means 55, for example a belt conveyor belt, which ends at a stacking table 56 that can be raised and lowered. A pusher 57 is assigned to this stacking table 56, which pushes a stack 58 of finished plates formed onto a roller table 59 on which the Finished panels are transported to a storage location.

The rotating machining tool 11 used to cut off the edges of the raw slate slabs has a frame-like knife carrier 60 with three holding rails 61, 62 and 63 arranged at a lateral distance from one another for four parting knives 64, 65, 66 and 67, which are equipped with knife holders 68, 69, 70 and 71 are adjustably fastened on the holding rails 61 to 63 in the longitudinal direction thereof. It can be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5 that the holding rails 61 and 63 are arranged parallel to the central holding rail 62 which extends radially to the central axis 13 and that the four partial knives together form a partial ring in the circumferential direction (FIG. 1) which corresponds to the outline corresponds to the finished panels 54 to be cut apart from their previously machined lower edge 22a, with which they stand up on the support device when the panels are trimmed.

4 and 5 it can be seen that the dressing stations 15 of the processing stations I and II are arranged in the movement path 14 of the processing tool 11 in such a way that the raw slate plates 22 clamped between the abutment 31 and the clamping device 32 of each dressing station are in a vertical position , are located approximately radially to the central axis 13 and that the raw plate feed devices 16 and the finished plate discharge devices 17 connect tangentially to the movement path 14 above and below the dressing stations 15. 5, centering devices 72 and 73 can also be seen, which are at a distance from one another and have alignment bars 74 with which the raw plates 22 in the dressing station 15 can be centered laterally on the abutment plate 34 such that they are equally far above them on both sides survive. The alignment bars 74 can be pushed out of their alignment position shown in FIG. 5 with the aid of the centering devices, which may be pneumatic cylinders, for example withdrawn or poured out so that they are not in the way when inserting a raw plate.

The mode of operation of the dressing device 10 according to the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings, wherein in Fig. 5 with A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H eight temporally successive process or action stages of the device are indicated that result when the machining tool 11 runs through a full working group.

When the machining tool 11 orbiting about the central axis 13 passes through the machining station I, the raw plate 22 clamped between the abutment plate 34 of the abutment 31 and the clamping jaw 37 of the clamping device 32 is cut off at its upper and lateral edges when the dividing knives 64 to 67 slide over them . The abutment plate 34 serves as a template, the outer outline of which corresponds to the outline of the slate to be trimmed and slide over the knives of the machining tool 11 forming a partial ring, which surround the outer outline of the abutment plate 34 with little play.

While the processing station I is in its clamping position, the processing station II is in its open position, which is shown in FIG. 1 and in which a raw plate 22 is removed from the stack 21 and the space still open at the top is inserted between the abutment plate 34 and the clamping jaw 37 becomes. For this purpose, the suction head 25 of the transfer device 24 advances against the stack 21 and lies against the surface of the foremost raw plate 22 facing it, on which it is sucked by applying a vacuum. The suction head 25 then pivots back into the vertical position shown in FIG. 1 and moves into the ejection position shown in FIG. 1, in which it removes the raw plate by lifting the Suction in the suction head in the dressing station 15 drops.

The raw plate 22 hits the support plates 49 and 50 of the support elements 47 and 48 in the dressing station, which yield elastically damped under the impact. Here, both support elements can act individually one after the other if the raw plate 22 comes up crooked, i.e. with one of its two lower corners more likely than with the other. The damping prevents the plate from jumping up again. Then both support plates 49 and 50 are brought to the same height and raised again to the position shown in FIG. 1.

In the meantime, the processing tool 11 has reached position B. In this position, the perforating device 38 first moves back in the processing station I, as a result of which the mandrels 40 pull out of the abutment plate 34 and the perforated and trimmed finished plate 54, while the finished plate is still held between the abutment plate 34 and the jaw 37. Together with the perforating device 38, the support device 33 also moves back, so that the space under the finished plate 54 becomes free.

In the processing station II, the clamping jaws and hole devices move together with the support device 33 into the clamping position, the guide bar 36 first being pivoted back into the surface of the abutment plate 34 after the raw plate 22 has previously been centered in the lateral direction by the centering devices 72 and 73. When the clamping device 32 is moved forward, the clamping jaw 37 of the perforating device 38 leads so far that it pushes the raw plate 22 out of the first insertion plane 75 shown in FIG. 1 into the ejection plane 76 indicated in FIGS. 2 and 3, which is offset laterally with respect to the insertion plane is.

When the machining tool reaches position C, in the processing station I the clamping jaw 37 is retracted and the finished plate 54 falls down in free fall, whereby it reaches the discharge means 55 via the guide device 53 and is fed from there to the stacking table 56. This ejection position is shown in Fig. 3.

At the same time, the raw plate 22 is clamped by the clamping jaw 37 in the processing station II.

When the machining tool 11 then comes into position D, the clamping device 32 moves back with the support device 33 into the starting position shown in FIG. 1, the guide bar 36 being simultaneously folded out of the abutment plate 34 so that an inserted raw plate is placed on the Support device is directed and does not slip. The punching device 38 now moves forward in the processing station II, the mandrels 40 first penetrating the clamping jaw 37 and then producing the desired holes in the raw plate 22 clamped between the clamping jaw 37 and the abutment plate 34. The perforating device 38 then lies behind the clamping jaw 37 and increases the clamping effect. This position is shown in Fig. 2.

In position E, the processing tool with its knives 64 to 67 slides over the raw plate 22, which is clamped between the abutment and the clamping device and the processing station 2, and cuts off the edges thereof. At the same time, a raw plate 22 is thrown into the processing station I, as explained above.

When the machining tool 11 then passes through the following positions F, G and H, the same operations as described above take place in the machining stations I and II. However, these find now always at the other of the two processing stations instead, ie, in position F, the clamping device in processing station I moves to the clamping position while it moves back in station II. In position G, the raw plate is clamped in processing station I and ejected in processing station II. In position H, holes are punched in processing station I and the clamping device moves back in processing station II.

All of these processes are repeated with each revolution of the processing tool, which trims two slate plates with each revolution.

It can be seen that the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment shown and described, but that a number of changes and additions are possible without leaving the scope of the invention. For example, more than two, for example four, processing stations could also be arranged in the path of movement of the processing tool. Furthermore, the raw plate feed devices and finished plate removal devices could also be arranged radially to the path of movement of the processing tool. Furthermore, the way in which the raw plates are fed to the dressing stations is also possible in the case of processing tools with a different effect, for example in the case of tools which do not work in a circular manner but instead move back and forth.

Finally, a plurality of circular processing tools can also be provided for processing the raw plates, which rotate in the same or in different movement paths and successively carry out different processing operations on the clamped raw plates, such as cutting and grinding the various edges of the raw plates.

Claims (6)

1. Apparatus for dressing slabs, and specifically slabs of slate, clay or other natural or artificial stone, comprising at least one dressing station (15) equipped with a countersupport (31) and a clamping device (32) for clamping an unfinished slab (22) to said countersupport, there being assigned to said dressing station a machining tool (11) which travels over the unfinished slab (22) clamped between the countersupport (31) and the clamping device (32) and cuts off the edges of said slab which protude beyond said countersupport (31), characterized in that the dressing station (15) is located in the path (14) of at least one rotating machining tool (11).
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the machining tool (11) is attached to a support arm (12) which rotates about a central axis (13) arranged at a distance from the dressing station (15).
3. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the machining tool (11) rotates about an essentially vertical central axis (13) and that there are provided, within the circle of rotation (14) of the machining tool (11), several dressing stations (15) with essentially vertical countersupports (31) and clamping devices (32).
4. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 through 3, characterized in that there is provided a feeding device (16) for unfinished slabs above each dressing station (15) and a discharge device (17) for the finished slabs below each dressing station (15).
5. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 through 4, characterized in that the machining tool (11) comprises a plurality of sector blades (64 - 67) forming at least one sector ring of the type and size of the slab (54) to be cut to final dimensions.
6. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 through 5, characterized in that the sector blades (64 - 67) are mounted on support rails (61 - 63) in a manner permitting them to be detached and adjusted in a direction essential transverse to the central axis (13).

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