EP0408344A2 - Helmsysteme - Google Patents

Helmsysteme Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0408344A2
EP0408344A2 EP90307597A EP90307597A EP0408344A2 EP 0408344 A2 EP0408344 A2 EP 0408344A2 EP 90307597 A EP90307597 A EP 90307597A EP 90307597 A EP90307597 A EP 90307597A EP 0408344 A2 EP0408344 A2 EP 0408344A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
eyepiece
helmet
source
light
waveband
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP90307597A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0408344A3 (en
Inventor
Christopher Barry Staveley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAE Systems Electronics Ltd
Original Assignee
GEC Marconi Ltd
Marconi Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GEC Marconi Ltd, Marconi Co Ltd filed Critical GEC Marconi Ltd
Publication of EP0408344A2 publication Critical patent/EP0408344A2/de
Publication of EP0408344A3 publication Critical patent/EP0408344A3/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/22—Aiming or laying means for vehicle-borne armament, e.g. on aircraft
    • F41G3/225—Helmet sighting systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/0406—Accessories for helmets
    • A42B3/042—Optical devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0138—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising image capture systems, e.g. camera
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0179—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed
    • G02B2027/0187—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed slaved to motion of at least a part of the body of the user, e.g. head, eye

Definitions

  • This invention relates to helmet systems.
  • the invention relates to helmet mounted display systems by which is meant a system comprising a helmet and, carried, in part at least, thereby, apparatus for conveying to the helmet wearer, a display of intelligence relevant to the helmet wearer's role.
  • helmet mounted display systems especially aircrew systems
  • helmet carried displays calculated to supersede the now conventional head-up display systems wherein the display unit is mounted boresighted with respect to the airframe.
  • Such helmet mounted display systems must, to achieve accuracies in, in particular, weapon aiming, comparable to those achievable using a conventional head-up display system, comprise not only some form of collimated display arrangement, whereby bright data presented at e.g. the face of a cathode ray tube carried by the helmet is conveyed to the eye of the helmet wearer as virtual image at infinity by reflection at a see-through final element of an optical system of which the cathode ray tube is the first element, but also a helmet position, especially angular position, sensing sub-system carried in part by the helmet and in part by the airframe.
  • the helmet position detection sub-system develops outputs from which the instantaneous angular relationships between helmet and airframe axes may be computed in so-called real time.
  • a helmet system comprising a helmet and, carried by the helmet, an optical arrangement incorporating: an eyepiece having a rearwardly facing, concavely curved, first element exhibiting substantial reflectivity to light within a narrow visible waveband and substantial transmissivity to visible light other than that within the said visible waveband; an aerially extensive bright-image-forming source emissive of light within said visible waveband; and between said source and said eyepiece, an optical relay arrangement including an inclined reflector operable to fold rays of light emitted by said source within said visible waveband for incidence with said eyepiece, said optical relay arrangement per se and the position of said optical relay arrangement relative to said source and said eyepiece being such as to form an intermediate real image of said source substantially coincident with the principal focal plane of said first element, whereby said source appears at an eye position defined by said helmet in the line-of-sight through said eyepiece as a virtual image at infinity, characterised in that: said inclined reflector is substantially transmissive to infrared radiation within an inf
  • the eyepiece incorporates, between said first element and said eye position, a beam splitter element which is separated from said first element by an air space;
  • the optical relay arrangement has first and second angularly displaced lens groups; said inclined reflector is positioned so as to fold light rays within said visible waveband from said source, having passed through the first lens group, to the second lens group for transmission thereby for reflection at said beam splitter element; there is, between the second lens group and the beam splitter element, an intermediate beam splitter which is both reflective and transmissive to infra-red radiation within said infrared waveband and substantially transmissive to the light within said visible waveband transmitted by the second lens group; and said infrared source is located on one side of said intermediate beam splitter, infrared radiation from said infra-red source being folded first by the intermediate beam splitter and then by said beam splitter element of the eyepiece.
  • said eyepiece comprises a body of light refractlve material having a light input face, a boundary surface opposite said input face, substantially flat and parallel fore and aft faces, and internally of said body bridging the space between said input face and said boundary surface an aerially extensive region comprising first and second faces constituting respectively said first and second elements of said eyepiece, such that light entering said eyepiece at said input face is internally reflected forwardly towards said aerially extensive region, partially reflected by said aerially extensive region rearwardly towards said aft face, and transmitted through said aft face; said relay arrangement includes a lens arrangement, light from said source passing through said lens arrangement and being folded by said inclined reflector so as to form said intermediate real image and be incident on said input face of the eyepiece; and said inclined reflector folds rays from an infra-red radiation emitter so as to produce a real image of said infrared radiation emitter, said real image constituting said infrared source.
  • the first helmet system has a helmet 11, a helmet carried display sub-system 13 and the helmet mounted portion of a helmet position detection sub-system (not shown).
  • the helmet position detection sub-system mentioned above may be of any suitable form. It may rely on optical principles in its operation. Typical of such optical systems is the sub-system the subject of UK Patent No. 1520154. It may rely on acoustical principles. Alternatively, it may rely on an electromagnetic (inductive) coupling between a helmet mounted arrangement, e.g. a transmitter, and an airframe mounted arrangement, e.g. a receiver. Typical of this last kind is the a.c. electromagnetic helmet pointing system described in US Patent No. 4737794. Another such electromagnetic helmet pointing sub-system, relying on pulsed d.c. waveforms, is described in PCT Patent Application No. WO 88/02844.
  • the helmet pointing system should, regardless of the technology employed, have an accuracy of the order of a milliradian; but, for some roles or uses, the accuracy may be significantly less.
  • the helmet carried display sub-system 13 incorporates an eyepiece 15, an aerially extensive bright-image-forming source 17 and, between the eyepiece 15 and the image forming source 17, an optical relay arrangement 19.
  • the eyepiece 15 has a rearwardly facing, substantially spherical first element 21 exhibiting substantial reflectivity to light within a certain narrow visible waveband and substantial tranmissivity to light within a certain i.r. waveband and to visible light not within the certain narrow visible waveband, and, between the element 21 and a design eye position E defined by the helmet, a fore and aft inclined planar beam splitter element 23 exhibiting both light-reflective and light-transmissive properties within the certain narrow visible waveband and within the certain i.r. waveband and substantially full transmissivity to visible light not within the certain narrow visible waveband.
  • the aerially extensive bright-image-forming source 17 is constituted by the phosphor screen of a cathode ray tube (c.r.t.) 25.
  • the optical relay arrangement 19 comprises first and second angularly displaced lens groups 27 a , 27 b and between the two lens groups a relay arrangement reflector 29 operable to fold rays from the c.r.t. face 17, having passed through lens group 27 a , through the angularly displaced lens group 27 b to incidence with the eyepiece beam splitter element 23.
  • the optical relay arrangement 19 per se and the position of the arrangement 19 relative to the face 17 of the c.r.t. 25 is such as to form a substantially planar intermediate real image P of the face 17 substantially coincident with the principal focal plane of the spherical element 21 of eyepiece 15, taking into account the folding action of the eyepiece beam splitter element 23.
  • the contour of the real image P is such that light rays from the c.r.t. 25 incident on the beam splitter element 23 are reflected thereby to the spherical element 21. There the rays are reflected back substantially collimated from all reflection points on element 21, and transmitted by the eyepiece beam splitter element 23 to define an exit pupil centred on the design eye position E.
  • the helmet wearer Because of the close proximity of the real image P to the design eye position E (discounting the folding action of the element 23), the helmet wearer is provided with a large instantaneous field of view of the collimated virtual image of the c.r.t. display against the forward scene viewed through the eyepiece 15.
  • the eyepiece 15 has a second rearwardly facing substantially spherical element 31, of focal length greater than that of the spherical element 21, exhibiting substantial reflectivity to i.r. radiation within the certain i.r. waveband whilst exhibiting substantial transmissivity to visible light.
  • the sensor 37 is operable to develop an electrical output representative of the position of incidence within its sensing area of i.r. radiation, within the certain i.r. waveband, brought substantially to focus on the sensing area.
  • radiation between the source 35 and sensor 37 involves, successively, reflection at the intermediate beam splitter element 33, reflection at the eyepiece beam splitter 23, reflection at the second spherical element 31, transmission by the eyepiece beam splitter element 23, reflection by the eye at design eye position E, transmission by the element 23, reflection at the spherical element 31, reflection at element 23 and transmission by element 33, second lens group 27 b and splitter 29.
  • the second helmet system includes an eyepiece 50 comprising a body of light refractlve material having a light input face 51, a boundary surface 53 opposite the input face 51, substantially flat and parallel fore 55 and aft 57 faces, and internally of the body bridging the space between the input face 51 and the boundary surface 53 an aerially extensive region comprising first 59 and second 61 substantially spherical rearwardly facing faces.
  • the body further has a partially light reflective partially light transmissive face 58 at an interface 60 between parts of the body.
  • the faces 59 and 61 have the same reflection and transmission characteristics as regards visible light and infrared radiation as the first 21 and second 31 elements respectively of the first helmet system described above.
  • Light entering the eyepiece 50 at the input face 51 is internally reflected forwardly by face 58 towards the aerially extensive region, partially reflected by the aerially extensive region rearwardly towards face 58, transmitted by face 58 towards the aft face 57, and transmitted through the aft face 57.
  • the second helmet system further includes a relay arrangement, comprising a reflector 63 constituted by a beam splitter having the same reflection and transmission characteristics as regards visible light and infrared radiation as the beam splitter constituting the reflector 29 of the first helmet display system described above and a lens arrangement 65, and an aerially extensive source constituted by the output face 67 of a c.r.t. (not shown).
  • the face 67 is disposed on one side of a further beam splitter 69, on the other side of which splitter 69 there is disposed a point emitter 71 of infra-red radiation emissive of i.r. radiation in the certain infra-red waveband.
  • an intermediate real image P1 of the source 67 is produced adjacent the eyepiece 50, light from the source 67 passing through the lens arrangement 65 and being folded by the relay arrangement reflector 63 in the formation of the image P1.
  • the eyepiece 50 is located with respect to the relay arrangement reflector 63 so that the image P1 of the aerially extensive source 67 is formed substantially coincident with the principal focal plane of the first face 59.
  • After forming the image P1, light from the source 67 is incident on the input face 51 of the eyepiece 50 and is directed and collimated, as shown in Figure 9, by the eyepiece 50 so as to reach the eye at design eye position E1.
  • the reflector 63 folds rays from the i.r. emitter 71 so as to produce a real image 71A of the i.r. emitter 71.
  • This real image 71A is substantially coincident with the principal focal point of the second curved face 61 of the eyepiece 50.
  • light from the i.r. emitter 71 enters eyepiece 50 at input face 51, and is directed, as shown in Figure 10, by eyepiece 50 towards the eye at design eye position E1.
  • Infra-red radiation reflected at the cornea of the eye is brought, by the eyepiece 50, to point focus at a position within a sensing area of a sensor 72.
  • Each of the first and second helmet systems comprises two sub-systems as described above with reference to Figures 4, 5 and 6 or Figures 7 to 10, one being carried at each side of the helmet (as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 for the first helmet system) with its eyepiece before the right or left eye of the helmet wearer as the case may be.
EP19900307597 1989-07-14 1990-07-11 Helmet systems Ceased EP0408344A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB898916206A GB8916206D0 (en) 1989-07-14 1989-07-14 Helmet systems
GB8916206 1989-07-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0408344A2 true EP0408344A2 (de) 1991-01-16
EP0408344A3 EP0408344A3 (en) 1992-03-04

Family

ID=10660074

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900307597 Ceased EP0408344A3 (en) 1989-07-14 1990-07-11 Helmet systems

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5093567A (de)
EP (1) EP0408344A3 (de)
JP (1) JP2863869B2 (de)
GB (1) GB8916206D0 (de)
IL (1) IL95054A0 (de)

Cited By (47)

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WO1993018428A3 (en) * 1992-03-13 1994-02-17 Kopin Corp Head-mounted display system
FR2698454A1 (fr) * 1992-11-26 1994-05-27 Electro Optics Ind Ltd Système optique de superposition de données sur une scène.
US5331149A (en) * 1990-12-31 1994-07-19 Kopin Corporation Eye tracking system having an array of photodetectors aligned respectively with an array of pixels
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FR2712994A1 (fr) * 1993-11-22 1995-06-02 Dubuisson Jean Sebastien Casque de visualisation.
EP0661574A2 (de) * 1993-12-23 1995-07-05 Honeywell Inc. Helmmontierte Anzeige-Kombinatoranordnung
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WO2016062302A1 (de) * 2014-10-23 2016-04-28 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Kopfbefestigbare anzeigevorrichtung
US20170184856A1 (en) 2012-01-24 2017-06-29 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Compact eye-tracked head-mounted display
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US10739578B2 (en) 2016-08-12 2020-08-11 The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona High-resolution freeform eyepiece design with a large exit pupil
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US11546575B2 (en) 2018-03-22 2023-01-03 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Methods of rendering light field images for integral-imaging-based light field display

Also Published As

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JPH03101709A (ja) 1991-04-26
IL95054A0 (en) 1991-06-10
US5093567A (en) 1992-03-03
JP2863869B2 (ja) 1999-03-03
EP0408344A3 (en) 1992-03-04
GB8916206D0 (en) 1989-11-08

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