EP0398776A1 - Tool composition with an active part made of polycristalline diamond - Google Patents

Tool composition with an active part made of polycristalline diamond Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0398776A1
EP0398776A1 EP90401170A EP90401170A EP0398776A1 EP 0398776 A1 EP0398776 A1 EP 0398776A1 EP 90401170 A EP90401170 A EP 90401170A EP 90401170 A EP90401170 A EP 90401170A EP 0398776 A1 EP0398776 A1 EP 0398776A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
tool
active part
working surface
cobalt
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP90401170A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0398776B1 (en
Inventor
Paul Renard
Jean Sionnet
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SUPRADIAMANT
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SUPRADIAMANT
Industrielle de Combustible Nucleaire Ste
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Publication of EP0398776A1 publication Critical patent/EP0398776A1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/46Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/56Button-type inserts
    • E21B10/567Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
    • E21B10/5673Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts having a non planar or non circular cutting face
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/26Cutters, for shaping comprising cutting edge bonded to tool shank

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite tool comprising a support made of cemented metal carbide and an active part made of polycrystalline diamond.
  • composite tools comprising an active part made of polycrystalline diamond to carry out machining operations resulting in a mechanical attack on a hard material.
  • Such tools are used for drilling rocks in the field of mining or petroleum, for cutting coal or other natural materials from which extraction is carried out or for machining metals.
  • Composite tools comprising a support made of cemented metal carbide, for example tungsten carbide and an active part made of polycrystalline diamond having an internal surface ensuring the connection with the support and a work surface directed outwards intended to come in contact with the material which is machined.
  • connection between the active part in polycrystalline diamond and the support of the tool is a metallurgical type connection generally using a metal such as cobalt which can also be used to promote the connection between the diamond particles of the active part .
  • Composite tools with a diamond work surface are advantageously used in the context of rock machining operations such as drilling, cutting or felling.
  • a tool for example, in FR-A-2,089,415, a tool has been proposed, the active part of which consists of diamond crystals linked directly to each other with cobalt, nickel or iron and having a very small volume relative to the volume. carbide support.
  • the cooling is ensured by circulation of a fluid coming to sweep the contact zone between the tool and the rock, it is i.e. the contact area of the working surface of the polycrystalline diamond tool.
  • the stresses applied to the tool can be such that the heating of the active part of the tool becomes excessive and generates thermal degradation of this part of the tool, by intergranular cracking or by decohesion of the junction zone between the active part and the support of the tool. This results in a reduction in the service life of tools or tool elements with a composite structure.
  • Such a tool the resistance to thermal degradation of which is improved, however, exhibits mechanical characteristics very much inferior to those of composite tools produced in dense form and comprising an active part constituted by polycrystalline diamond particles bonded together by a metal such as cobalt.
  • the working surface of composite tools of known type most often has a rounded shape, the active part in polycrystalline diamond generally being hemispherical. A good tenacity of the tool is thus obtained, but when the tool has undergone a certain wear, the cutting forces tend to increase, which results in increased heating and therefore in an increase in the thermal degradation of the active part of the tool.
  • the tools of the known technique produced in composite form generally do not allow to fractionate and eliminate very easily and very quickly the chips formed by removal of material, during machining; this results in an increase in the cutting force and in the heating of the tools.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a composite tool comprising a metal carbide support and an active part made of polycrystalline diamond having an internal surface of metallurgical connection with the support and a working surface directed towards the outside, the cooling of which in use is efficient, which can operate with a reduced cutting force and which allows improved fractionation and elimination of the chips of machined material.
  • the working surface of the tool has substantially parallel undulations between them constituting successive projecting and recessed zones on at least part of the working surface.
  • the tool 1 comprises a support 2 made of cemented tungsten carbide and an active part 3 made of polycrystalline diamond constituted by compacted and sintered diamond particles containing a certain proportion of cobalt constituting a binder.
  • the active part 3 is connected to the support 2 by means of a very thin metallurgical junction layer 4 which can be formed from cobalt originating, by diffusion, from the tungsten carbide support based on cobalt or d '' a source of cobalt previously deposited on this support. It can also be made up of a mixture of diamond grains, cobalt powder and tungsten carbide powder. In this case, layer 4 constitutes a diffusion barrier between the active part in polycrystalline diamond (or PCD) and the support in tungsten carbide.
  • the cemented tungsten carbide support (generally constituted by tungsten carbide particles (sintered and bonded by cobalt), the active part 3 of the polycrystalline diamond tool as well as the metallurgical bonding layer 4 are visible in particular on Figure 2 which is a section of the tool by a diametrical plane.
  • the active part 3 of the polycrystalline diamond tool comprises successive undulations 7 substantially parallel and having identical cross sections. These cross sections are in the form of equilateral triangles whose apex is slightly rounded.
  • the working surface of the tool is therefore a flat surface having rectilinear, parallel and regularly spaced teeth.
  • the corrugations 7 constitute protruding parts of the working surface which are separated by recessed parts 8.
  • the corrugations have a depth of 0.6 mm, their vertices are separated by a distance of 2 mm and the total thickness of the active part is 1.5 mm.
  • the discontinuity of this working surface generated by the corrugations 7 results in the formation of a zone of turbulence in the circulation of the cutting liquid.
  • This turbulent regime created by the corrugations 7 significantly increases the efficiency of the coolant by facilitating heat exchange with the working surface and with the surface of the material being machined.
  • this turbulent regime promotes the evacuation of calories from the particles of material which are removed by the tool during machining and heated under the effect of the forces involved.
  • the overall heating of the active part of the tool is therefore lower than in the case of a tool of rounded shape having a hemispherical working surface.
  • the thermal degradation of the active part of the tool is thus reduced and delayed.
  • the reduction in the size of the chips limits the heating resulting from their elimination which is due in particular to the friction of the chip on the working surface of the tool.
  • This advantage is particularly significant in the case where the shavings or debris of material are difficult to remove and in particular in the case of drilling rocks at great depths, for example in the case of oil drilling.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a second embodiment of a tool or tool element according to the invention.
  • the tool 11 comprises a support 12 of cemented tungsten carbide constituted by particles of sintered tungsten carbide bonded with cobalt as well as an active part 13 of polycrystalline diamond obtained by sintering at very high temperature and at very high pressure of particles. diamond in meadow cobalt oil, used as a binder and as a catalyst.
  • the active part 13 in polycrystalline diamond is connected to the support 12 by means of a metallurgical junction layer 14 produced during the simultaneous high temperature and high pressure treatment of the support and the active part constituting the tool.
  • the envelope 15 of the working surface of the tool that is to say the surface joining the end parts of this working surface facing outwards, has the shape of a spherical cap. and no longer a flat shape.
  • the working surface of the active part 13 of the tool that is to say the surface of this active part directed towards the outside and opposite the internal junction layer 14 with the support, has successive undulations 17 substantially parallel and equidistant, so that the entire working surface is constituted by projecting parts corresponding to the corrugations 17 and recessed parts 18 separating the corrugations.
  • the corrugations 17 and the hollow parts 18 have longitudinal sections in the form of arcs of a circle corresponding to the shape of the spherical cap 15.
  • the corrugations 17 have, in cross section, the shape of a triangle whose apex is slightly rounded.
  • the height of the corrugations in the radial direction of the spherical cap 15 is 0.6 mm, the distance between the parts of crest of two successive undulations is 2 mm and the total thickness of the active part is 1.5 mm.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show a third embodiment of a tool or tool element according to the invention.
  • This tool 21 comprises, as before, a support 22 of cemented tungsten carbide, an active part 23 of polycrystalline diamond sintered with a metal such as cobalt and a metallurgical bonding layer 24 between the active part 23 and the support 22.
  • the working surface 25 of the active part 23, that is to say the surface of this active part directed towards the outside and opposite to the junction layer 24, has the shape of a spherical cap.
  • the working surface 25 has two sets of corrugations 27, 27 ′, in two diametrically opposite external zones and separated by a smooth central zone constituting the top of the spherical cap 25.
  • the corrugations 27 (or 27 ′) define protruding parts of the working surface 25 separated by recessed parts 28 (or 28 ′).
  • the corrugations 27 and 27 ′ are arranged in the extension of each other and separated by a smooth part of the spherical cap 25 whose width is approximately 3 mm for a tool of 13.5 mm in diameter.
  • the corrugations 27 and 27 ′ have a longitudinal section in the form of a semicircle and a cross section in the form of a triangle with rounded apex.
  • the height of the corrugations and the distance between the tops of these corrugations are 0.6 mm and 2 mm respectively, in the case of a composite tool with a diameter of 19 mm intended for oil drilling.
  • the tools or tool elements according to the second and third embodiments have advantages comparable to those of the tool according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, as regards the efficiency of cooling by the cutting fluid, the increase in point cutting pressures and the fractionation of shavings or debris of material torn off during machining. These advantages can even be increased, in certain cases of use, thanks to the spherical cap shape of the work surface or of its envelope.
  • the tool or the tool element according to the invention can be produced by one of the two methods which will be described below.
  • the tool or tool element according to the invention can be produced from a composite tool comprising a support in cemented carbide and an active part in polycrystalline diamond having a smooth working surface.
  • Such tools known in the prior art are produced by sintering at high temperature and at very high pressure diamond particles in the presence of a bonding and catalyzing metal such as cobalt and in contact with a support material of metal carbide containing a bonding metal.
  • Such a tool can be shaped during sintering, to obtain a work surface or table of any shape, for example a work surface of planar shape or in the form of a spherical cap.
  • the tool according to the invention is produced by machining the work surface or diamond table of planar shape (case of the first embodiment of the invention ) or curved shape (case of the second and third embodiments of the invention).
  • the machining and shaping of the diamond working surface of the tool, in order to produce successive and substantially parallel undulations on this working surface, are carried out by electro-erosion using an electrode wire ensuring the machining of the parts hollow between the corrugations or a driving-in electrode which is moved in the direction of the hollow parts separating the corrugations.
  • the tool or tool element according to the invention can also be produced directly by sintering in a high pressure and high temperature device of the same type as the devices used for the production by sintering of tools of conventional shape with a surface of smooth work.
  • a cup of refractory metal such as molybdenum or an alloy of molybdenum and zirconium is used, the internal volume of which has the shape of the tool to be produced.
  • the cup has an internal face constituting its bottom on which substantially parallel undulations are made delimiting on this bottom projecting parts and recessed parts.
  • the recessed parts machined in the bottom of the cup correspond, in shape and dimensions, to the undulations to be produced on the diamond working surface of the tool.
  • the projecting parts correspond to the hollow parts separating the corrugations.
  • an amount of an abrasive mixture consisting of diamond particles mixed with a bonding metal and catalytic action, such as cobalt.
  • the abrasive mixture is distributed uniformly over the entire surface of the cup so as to fill the hollow parts between the corrugations and to constitute, taking into account the foreseeable shrinkage during subsequent compaction and sintering, an active part of the a desired dimension.
  • a support made of cemented tungsten carbide for example constituted by particles of tungsten carbide cemented with cobalt.
  • a diffusion barrier consisting of a mixture of tungsten carbide powder and the abrasive mixture intended to constitute the active part of the 'tool.
  • Densification of the abrasive mixture and possibly of the diffusion barrier is then carried out by cold pressing under very high pressure.
  • the entire support, the active part and possibly the diffusion barrier are then sintered under a pressure greater than 35 kbars and a temperature greater than 1000 ° C. in the zone of stability of the cubic phase of the carbon.
  • This sintering operation is continued for a period of 3 to 30 minutes. Care will be taken to maintain the pressure on the part which is being sintered during the rise and fall in temperature.
  • the part constituting the tool or the tool element is then removed from the mold and definitively shaped by planar or cylindrical rectification.
  • this layer intended to constitute the metallurgical bonding layer could be constituted by cobalt deposited on the support of metallic carbide or placed above the layer of abrasive mixture .
  • This bonding layer can also be produced from the diffusion barrier consisting of a mixture of tungsten carbide powder and the abrasive mixture intended to form the active part of the tool.
  • the metallic element such as cobalt constituting both a binder and a catalyst for the diamond abrasive product can be mixed beforehand with the abrasive powder constituted by diamond or else deposited on the face of the tungsten carbide support coming into contact. with the abrasive mixture before sintering.
  • the active part consists of polycrystalline diamond linked by cobalt and where the support is made of tungsten carbide also containing a certain amount of cobalt as a connecting element
  • the cobalt serving as a binder and catalyst can be introduced into the abrasive mixture brought into contact with the support of tungsten carbide, from this support and by infiltration.
  • the support containing an excess of cobalt which is liable to diffuse into the abrasive mixture during sintering.
  • the tool according to the invention can be obtained in a simple manner, by operations known in the context of the manufacture of carbide tools with diamond working surface.
  • the tool or tool element according to the invention however has significant advantages over tools of the known technique, insofar as the cutting forces and the heating of the tool are much lower and where , simultaneously, the efficiency of the cooling fluid is considerably increased. This results in an extremely significant reduction in the thermal degradations of the tool in use, a markedly improved yield, a longer service life and conditions of use making it possible to reduce the machining times and the downtimes for maintenance or repair.
  • the corrugations may have, in longitudinal section or in cross section, shapes different from those which have been described. These undulations can have any height and spacing, depending on the desired use, the size of the tool, its operating mode and the nature of the material to be machined.
  • the invention has very advantageous applications in the case of working rocks and in particular in the case of deep drilling such as oil drilling, one can envisage other applications of tools according to the invention on machines for slaughtering or cutting, in the context of mining or on machine tools for machining metals, hard materials or any other type of material whose machining requires good cooling of the tool and involves cutting forces which can be significant.

Abstract

L'outil composite (1) comporte un support (2) en carbure métallique fritté et une partie active (3) en diamant polycristallin présentant une surface interne (4) de liaison métallurgique au support (2) et une surface de travail (5) dirigée vers l'extérieur. La surface de travail (5) comporte des ondulations (7) sensiblement parallèles entre elles constituant des zones successives (7, 8) en saillie et en creux sur une partie au moins de la surface de travail (5). L'outil composite est en particulier destiné au forage à grande profondeur tel que le forage pétrolier.The composite tool (1) comprises a support (2) in sintered metal carbide and an active part (3) in polycrystalline diamond having an internal surface (4) for metallurgical connection to the support (2) and a working surface (5) directed outward. The work surface (5) comprises undulations (7) substantially parallel to each other constituting successive areas (7, 8) projecting and recessed on at least part of the work surface (5). The composite tool is in particular intended for deep drilling such as oil drilling.

Description

L'invention concerne un outil composite com­portant un support en carbure métallique cémenté et une partie active en diamant polycristallin.The invention relates to a composite tool comprising a support made of cemented metal carbide and an active part made of polycrystalline diamond.

Il est connu d'utiliser des outils composi­tes comportant une partie active en diamant polycris­tallin pour effectuer des opérations d'usinage se tra­duisant par une attaque mécanique d'un matériau dur.It is known to use composite tools comprising an active part made of polycrystalline diamond to carry out machining operations resulting in a mechanical attack on a hard material.

De tels outils sont utilisés pour le forage des roches dans le domaine de l'exploitation minière ou pétrolière, pour l'abattage du charbon ou d'autres matériaux naturels dont on effectue l'extraction ou encore pour l'usinage des métaux.Such tools are used for drilling rocks in the field of mining or petroleum, for cutting coal or other natural materials from which extraction is carried out or for machining metals.

On connaît des outils composites comportant un support en carbure métallique cémenté, par exemple en carbure de tungstène et une partie active en dia­mant polycristallin présentant une surface interne as­surant la liaison avec le support et une surface de travail dirigée vers l'extérieur destinée à venir en contact avec le matériau dont on réalise l'usinage.Composite tools are known comprising a support made of cemented metal carbide, for example tungsten carbide and an active part made of polycrystalline diamond having an internal surface ensuring the connection with the support and a work surface directed outwards intended to come in contact with the material which is machined.

La liaison entre la partie active en diamant polycristallin et le support de l'outil est une liai­son de type métallurgique mettant généralement en oeu­vre un métal tel que le cobalt qui peut être utilisé également pour favoriser la liaison entre les particu­les de diamant de la partie active.The connection between the active part in polycrystalline diamond and the support of the tool is a metallurgical type connection generally using a metal such as cobalt which can also be used to promote the connection between the diamond particles of the active part .

Ces outils composites sont obtenus par des procédés de compactage et de frittage mettant en oeu­vre des températures élevées et de très hautes pres­sions.These composite tools are obtained by compacting and sintering processes using high temperatures and very high pressures.

Les outils composites ayant une surface de travail diamantée sont utilisés de manière avantageu­se, dans le cadre d'opérations d'usinage de roches telles que le forage, le havage ou l'abattage.Composite tools with a diamond work surface are advantageously used in the context of rock machining operations such as drilling, cutting or felling.

Pour assurer un déroulement satisfaisant de ces opérations, de même que dans le cas de toute autre opération d'usinage par enlèvement de matière, il est nécessaire d'assurer un refroidissement efficace de la zone de contact entre l'outil et le matériau en cours d'usinage.To ensure a satisfactory progress of these operations, as in the case of any other machining operation by removing material, it is necessary to ensure effective cooling of the contact zone between the tool and the material in progress. machining.

On a par exemple proposé dans le FR-A-­2.089.415 un outil dont la partie active est consti­tuée par des cristaux de diamant liés directement entre eux avec du cobalt, du nickel ou du fer et pré­sentant un volume très faible par rapport au volume du support en carbure.For example, in FR-A-2,089,415, a tool has been proposed, the active part of which consists of diamond crystals linked directly to each other with cobalt, nickel or iron and having a very small volume relative to the volume. carbide support.

Dans le cas du forage des roches avec des outils constitués par des picots en diamant polycris­tallin fritté lié par du cobalt, le refroidissement est assuré par circulation d'un fluide venant balayer la zone de contact entre l'outil et la roche, c'est-à-­dire la zone de contact de la surface de travail de l'outil en diamant polycristallin.In the case of drilling rocks with tools constituted by pins in sintered polycrystalline diamond bonded by cobalt, the cooling is ensured by circulation of a fluid coming to sweep the contact zone between the tool and the rock, it is i.e. the contact area of the working surface of the polycrystalline diamond tool.

Malgré ce refroidissement, les contraintes appliquées à l'outil, suivant le type de roche rencon­tré lors du forage, peuvent être telles que l'échauf­fement de la partie active de l'outil devienne exces­sif et engendre une dégradation thermique de cette partie de l'outil, par fissuration intergranulaire ou par décohésion de la zone de jonction entre la partie active et le support de l'outil. Il en résulte une ré­duction de la durée de vie des outils ou éléments d'outil à structure composite.Despite this cooling, the stresses applied to the tool, depending on the type of rock encountered during drilling, can be such that the heating of the active part of the tool becomes excessive and generates thermal degradation of this part of the tool, by intergranular cracking or by decohesion of the junction zone between the active part and the support of the tool. This results in a reduction in the service life of tools or tool elements with a composite structure.

On a proposé, dans le FR-A- 2.380.845, de prévoir un réseau de pores communiquant entre eux, à travers tout le volume de l'élément d'outil réalisé de manière composite, le volume total des pores pouvant représenter de 5 à 30 % du volume de l'élément d'ou­til.It has been proposed, in FR-A-2,380,845, to provide a network of pores communicating with each other, through the entire volume of the tool element produced in a composite manner, the total volume of pores possibly representing 5 at 30% of the volume of the tool element.

Un tel outil dont la résistance à la dégra­dation thermique est améliorée présente cependant des caractéristiques mécaniques très nettement inférieures à celles des outils composites réalisés sous forme dense et comportant une partie active constituée par des particules de diamant polycristallin liées entre elles par un métal tel que le cobalt.Such a tool, the resistance to thermal degradation of which is improved, however, exhibits mechanical characteristics very much inferior to those of composite tools produced in dense form and comprising an active part constituted by polycrystalline diamond particles bonded together by a metal such as cobalt.

La surface de travail des outils composites de type connu présente le plus souvent une forme ar­rondie, la partie active en diamant polycristallin étant généralement hémisphérique. On obtient ainsi une bonne ténacité de l'outil mais, lorsque l'outil a subi une certaine usure, les efforts de coupe ont tendance à augmenter, ce qui se traduit par un échauffement ac­cru et donc par une augmentation de la dégradation thermique de la partie active de l'outil.The working surface of composite tools of known type most often has a rounded shape, the active part in polycrystalline diamond generally being hemispherical. A good tenacity of the tool is thus obtained, but when the tool has undergone a certain wear, the cutting forces tend to increase, which results in increased heating and therefore in an increase in the thermal degradation of the active part of the tool.

En outre, les outils de la technique connue réalisés sous forme composite ne permettent générale­ment pas de fractionner et d'éliminer très facilement et très rapidement les copeaux formés par enlèvement de matière, en cours d'usinage ; il en résulte une augmentation de l'effort de coupe et un échauffement des outils.In addition, the tools of the known technique produced in composite form generally do not allow to fractionate and eliminate very easily and very quickly the chips formed by removal of material, during machining; this results in an increase in the cutting force and in the heating of the tools.

Le but de l'invention est donc de proposer un outil composite comportant un support en carbure métallique et une partie active en diamant polycris­tallin présentant une surface interne de liaison mé­tallurgique avec le support et une surface de travail dirigée vers l'extérieur, dont le refroidissement en cours d'utilisation soit efficace, qui puisse fonc­tionner avec un effort de coupe réduit et qui permette un fractionnement et une élimination améliorés des co­peaux de matière usinée.The object of the invention is therefore to propose a composite tool comprising a metal carbide support and an active part made of polycrystalline diamond having an internal surface of metallurgical connection with the support and a working surface directed towards the outside, the cooling of which in use is efficient, which can operate with a reduced cutting force and which allows improved fractionation and elimination of the chips of machined material.

Dans ce but, la surface de travail de l'ou­til comporte des ondulations sensiblement parallèles entre elles constituant des zones successives en sail­lie et en creux sur une partie au moins de la surface de travail.For this purpose, the working surface of the tool has substantially parallel undulations between them constituting successive projecting and recessed zones on at least part of the working surface.

Afin de bien faire comprendre l'invention, on va maintenant décrire, à titre d'exemples non limi­tatifs, en se référant aux figures jointes en annexe, plusieurs modes de réalisation d'un outil composite suivant l'invention utilisé comme picot pour le forage ou l'abattage de roches.

  • La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un outil composite suivant l'invention et suivant un pre­mier mode de réalisation.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en coupe suivant 2-2 de la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'un outil suivant l'invention et suivant un second mode de réalisation.
  • La figure 4 est une vue en coupe suivant 4-4 de la figure 3.
  • La figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un outil suivant l'invention et suivant un troisième mode de réalisation.
  • La figure 6 est une vue de côté suivant 6 de la figure 5.
In order to clearly understand the invention, a description will now be given, by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the attached figures, of several embodiments of a composite tool according to the invention used as a spike for drilling. or rock felling.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a composite tool according to the invention and according to a first embodiment.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view along 2-2 of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a tool according to the invention and according to a second embodiment.
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view along 4-4 of Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of a tool according to the invention and according to a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a side view along 6 of FIG. 5.

Sur la figure 1, on voit un outil composite suivant l'invention désigné par le repère 1 présentant une forme générale cylindrique. L'outil 1 comporte un support 2 en carbure de tungstène cémenté et une par­tie active 3 en diamant polycristallin constituée par des particules de diamant compactées et frittées ren­fermant une certaine proportion de cobalt constituant un liant.In Figure 1, we see a composite tool according to the invention designated by the reference 1 having a generally cylindrical shape. The tool 1 comprises a support 2 made of cemented tungsten carbide and an active part 3 made of polycrystalline diamond constituted by compacted and sintered diamond particles containing a certain proportion of cobalt constituting a binder.

La partie active 3 est reliée au support 2 par l'intermédiaire d'une couche de jonction métallur­gique 4 de très faible épaisseur qui peut être consti­tuée à partir de cobalt provenant, par diffusion, du support en carbure de tungstène à base de cobalt ou d'une source de cobalt préalablement déposée sur ce support. Elle peut être aussi constituée par un mélan­ge de grains de diamant, de poudre de cobalt et de poudre de carbure de tungstène. Dans ce cas, la couche 4 constitue une barrière de diffusion entre la partie active en diamant polycristallin (ou PCD) et le sup­port en carbure de tungstène.The active part 3 is connected to the support 2 by means of a very thin metallurgical junction layer 4 which can be formed from cobalt originating, by diffusion, from the tungsten carbide support based on cobalt or d '' a source of cobalt previously deposited on this support. It can also be made up of a mixture of diamond grains, cobalt powder and tungsten carbide powder. In this case, layer 4 constitutes a diffusion barrier between the active part in polycrystalline diamond (or PCD) and the support in tungsten carbide.

Le support en carbure de tungstène cémenté (généralement constitué par des particules de carbure de tungstène (frittées et liées par du cobalt), la par­tie active 3 de l'outil en diamant polycristallin ainsi que la couche 4 de liaison métallurgique sont visibles en particulier sur la figure 2 qui est une coupe de l'outil par un plan diamétral.The cemented tungsten carbide support (generally constituted by tungsten carbide particles (sintered and bonded by cobalt), the active part 3 of the polycrystalline diamond tool as well as the metallurgical bonding layer 4 are visible in particular on Figure 2 which is a section of the tool by a diametrical plane.

Les parties d'extrémité de la surface de travail de la partie active dirigée vers l'extérieur et opposée à la surface de jonction sont situées dans un plan dont la trace 5 a été représentée sur la fi­gure 2.The end parts of the working surface of the active part directed towards the outside and opposite the junction surface are located in a plane, the trace 5 of which has been represented in FIG. 2.

Selon l'invention, la partie active 3 de l'outil en diamant polycristallin comporte des ondula­tions successives 7 sensiblement parallèles et présen­tant des sections transversales identiques. Ces sec­tions transversales ont la forme de triangles équila­téraux dont le sommet est légèrement arrondi.According to the invention, the active part 3 of the polycrystalline diamond tool comprises successive undulations 7 substantially parallel and having identical cross sections. These cross sections are in the form of equilateral triangles whose apex is slightly rounded.

La surface de travail de l'outil est donc une surface plane présentant des dentures rectilignes, parallèles et régulièrement espacées.The working surface of the tool is therefore a flat surface having rectilinear, parallel and regularly spaced teeth.

Les ondulations 7 constituent des parties en saillie de la surface de travail qui sont séparées par des parties en creux 8.The corrugations 7 constitute protruding parts of the working surface which are separated by recessed parts 8.

De préférence, dans le cas d'un picot d'un diamètre de 19 mm destiné au forage pétrolier, les on­dulations ont une profondeur de 0,6 mm, leurs sommets sont séparés par une distance de 2 mm et l'épaisseur totale de la partie active est de 1,5 mm.Lorsque l'outil suivant la présente invention est utilisé avec un liquide de coupe qui est mis en circulation de manière à venir balayer la surface de travail de l'outil en contact avec le matériau dont on réalise l'usinage, la discontinuité de cette surface de travail engendrée par les ondulations 7 entraîne la formation d'une zone de turbulence dans la circulation du liquide de coupe. Ce régime turbulent créé par les ondulations 7 accroît de manière notable l'efficacité du liquide de refroidissement en facilitant les échanges thermiques avec la surface de travail et avec la surface du matériau en cours d'usinage. De plus, ce régime turbulent favorise l'évacuation des calories des particules de matériaux qui sont enlevées par l'outil en cours d'usinage et échauffées sous l'effet des efforts mis en jeu.Preferably, in the case of a pin with a diameter of 19 mm intended for oil drilling, the corrugations have a depth of 0.6 mm, their vertices are separated by a distance of 2 mm and the total thickness of the active part is 1.5 mm. When the tool according to the present invention is used with a cutting liquid which is circulated so as to come to sweep the working surface of the tool in contact with the material from which it is produced machining, the discontinuity of this working surface generated by the corrugations 7 results in the formation of a zone of turbulence in the circulation of the cutting liquid. This turbulent regime created by the corrugations 7 significantly increases the efficiency of the coolant by facilitating heat exchange with the working surface and with the surface of the material being machined. In addition, this turbulent regime promotes the evacuation of calories from the particles of material which are removed by the tool during machining and heated under the effect of the forces involved.

La présence d'ondulations sur la surface de travail de l'outil entraîne donc une augmentation sen­sible des performances de l outil, grâce à un meilleur refroidissement de la zone en cours d'usinage et de la partie active de l'outil.The presence of undulations on the working surface of the tool therefore results in a significant increase in the performance of the tool, thanks to better cooling of the area being machined and of the active part of the tool.

De plus, grâce à la présence des ondulations 7, les pressions ponctuelles entre les zones de contact de la surface de travail de l'outil et le ma­tériau en cours d'usinage sont considérablement ac­crues pendant toute la durée de vie de l'outil. Il est donc possible de réduire la puissance nécessaire à ap­pliquer à l'outil ou encore d'accroître les performan­ces et en particulier le pouvoir de coupe de l'outil, à puissance constante.In addition, thanks to the presence of the corrugations 7, the point pressures between the contact areas of the working surface of the tool and the material being machined are considerably increased throughout the lifetime of the tool. It is therefore possible to reduce the power required to apply to the tool or to increase performance and in particular the cutting power of the tool, at constant power.

L'échauffement global de la partie active de l'outil est donc plus faible que dans le cas d'un ou­til de forme arrondie ayant une surface de travail hé­misphérique. On réduit et on retarde ainsi la dégrada­tion thermique de la partie active de l'outil.The overall heating of the active part of the tool is therefore lower than in the case of a tool of rounded shape having a hemispherical working surface. The thermal degradation of the active part of the tool is thus reduced and delayed.

En outre, la présence d'ondulations ou den­tures sur la surface de travail de l'outil favorise le fractionnement des copeaux de matériau en cours d'usi­nage qui sont arrachés par l'outil de coupe. Ces co­peaux subissent en effet, en cours d'usinage, un ef­fort supérieur à leur limite de cisaillement, dans une direction appropriée.In addition, the presence of undulations or teeth on the working surface of the tool promotes the splitting of the chips of material during machining which are torn off by the cutting tool. These chips in fact undergo, during machining, a force greater than their shear limit, in an appropriate direction.

La réduction de la taille des copeaux limite l'échauffement résultant de leur élimination qui est dû en particulier au frottement du copeau sur la sur­face de travail de l'outil.The reduction in the size of the chips limits the heating resulting from their elimination which is due in particular to the friction of the chip on the working surface of the tool.

Cet avantage est particulièrement sensible dans le cas où les copeaux ou débris de matériau sont difficiles à évacuer et en particulier dans le cas du forage de roches à grandes profondeurs, par exemple dans le cas du forage pétrolier.This advantage is particularly significant in the case where the shavings or debris of material are difficult to remove and in particular in the case of drilling rocks at great depths, for example in the case of oil drilling.

Sur les figures 3 et 4, on a représenté un second mode de réalisation d'un outil ou élément d'ou­til suivant l'invention.Figures 3 and 4 show a second embodiment of a tool or tool element according to the invention.

L'outil 11 comporte un support 12 en carbure de tungstène cémenté constitué par des particules de carbure de tungstène frittées liées par du cobalt ainsi qu'une partie active 13 en diamant polycristal­lin obtenue par frittage à très haute température et à très haute pression de particules de diamant en pré­ sence de cobalt, utilisé comme liant et comme cataly­seur.The tool 11 comprises a support 12 of cemented tungsten carbide constituted by particles of sintered tungsten carbide bonded with cobalt as well as an active part 13 of polycrystalline diamond obtained by sintering at very high temperature and at very high pressure of particles. diamond in meadow cobalt oil, used as a binder and as a catalyst.

La partie active 13 en diamant polycristal­lin est reliée au support 12 par l'intermédiaire d'une couche de jonction métallurgique 14 réalisée pendant le traitement simultané à haute température et à haute pression du support et de la partie active constituant l'outil.The active part 13 in polycrystalline diamond is connected to the support 12 by means of a metallurgical junction layer 14 produced during the simultaneous high temperature and high pressure treatment of the support and the active part constituting the tool.

La structure générale de l'outil représenté sur les figures 3 et 4 est donc semblable à la struc­ture de l'outil représenté sur les figures 1 et 2.The general structure of the tool shown in Figures 3 and 4 is therefore similar to the structure of the tool shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Cependant, l'enveloppe 15 de la surface de travail de l'outil, c'est-à-dire la surface joignant les parties d'extrémité de cette surface de travail dirigées vers l'extérieur, présente la forme d'une calotte sphérique et non plus une forme plane.However, the envelope 15 of the working surface of the tool, that is to say the surface joining the end parts of this working surface facing outwards, has the shape of a spherical cap. and no longer a flat shape.

La surface de travail de la partie active 13 de l'outil, c'est-à-dire la surface de cette partie active dirigée vers l'extérieur et opposée à la couche de jonction interne 14 avec le support, présente des ondulations successives 17 sensiblement parallèles et équidistantes, de manière que l'ensemble de la surface de travail soit constitué par des parties en saillie correspondant aux ondulations 17 et des parties en creux 18 séparant les ondulations.The working surface of the active part 13 of the tool, that is to say the surface of this active part directed towards the outside and opposite the internal junction layer 14 with the support, has successive undulations 17 substantially parallel and equidistant, so that the entire working surface is constituted by projecting parts corresponding to the corrugations 17 and recessed parts 18 separating the corrugations.

Les ondulations 17 et les parties en creux 18 présentent des sections longitudinales en forme d'arcs-de-cercle correspondant à la forme de la calot­te sphérique 15.The corrugations 17 and the hollow parts 18 have longitudinal sections in the form of arcs of a circle corresponding to the shape of the spherical cap 15.

Comme dans le cas du mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, les ondulations 17 présentent, en section transversale, la forme d'un triangle dont le sommet est légèrement arrondi.As in the case of the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the corrugations 17 have, in cross section, the shape of a triangle whose apex is slightly rounded.

Dans le cas d'un outil ou élément d'outil d'un diamètre de 13 mm destiné au forage pétrolier, la hauteur des ondulations dans la direction radiale de la calotte sphérique 15 est de 0,6 mm, la distance entre les parties de crête de deux ondulations succes­sives est de 2 mm et l'épaisseur totale de la partie active est de 1,5 mm.In the case of a tool or tool element with a diameter of 13 mm intended for oil drilling, the height of the corrugations in the radial direction of the spherical cap 15 is 0.6 mm, the distance between the parts of crest of two successive undulations is 2 mm and the total thickness of the active part is 1.5 mm.

Sur les figures 5 et 6, on a représenté un troisième mode de réalisation d'un outil ou élément d'outil suivant l'invention.Figures 5 and 6 show a third embodiment of a tool or tool element according to the invention.

Cet outil 21 comporte, comme précédemment, un support 22 en carbure de tungstène cémenté, une partie active 23 en diamant polycristallin frittée avec un métal tel que le cobalt et une couche de liai­son métallurgique 24 entre la partie active 23 et le support 22.This tool 21 comprises, as before, a support 22 of cemented tungsten carbide, an active part 23 of polycrystalline diamond sintered with a metal such as cobalt and a metallurgical bonding layer 24 between the active part 23 and the support 22.

La surface de travail 25 de la partie active 23, c'est-à-dire la surface de cette partie active di­rigée vers l'extérieur et opposée à la couche de jonc­tion 24, présente la forme d'une calotte sphérique.The working surface 25 of the active part 23, that is to say the surface of this active part directed towards the outside and opposite to the junction layer 24, has the shape of a spherical cap.

Selon l'invention, la surface de travail 25 présente deux ensembles d'ondulations 27, 27′, dans deux zones externes opposées diamétralement et sépa­rées par une zone centrale lisse constituant le sommet de la calotte sphérique 25.According to the invention, the working surface 25 has two sets of corrugations 27, 27 ′, in two diametrically opposite external zones and separated by a smooth central zone constituting the top of the spherical cap 25.

Comme précédemment, les ondulations 27 (ou 27′) définissent des parties en saillie de la surface de travail 25 séparées par des parties en creux 28 (ou 28′).As before, the corrugations 27 (or 27 ′) define protruding parts of the working surface 25 separated by recessed parts 28 (or 28 ′).

Les ondulations 27 et 27′ sont disposées dans le prolongement les unes des autres et séparées par une partie lisse de la calotte sphérique 25 dont la largeur est environ de 3 mm pour un outil de 13,5 mm de diamètre.The corrugations 27 and 27 ′ are arranged in the extension of each other and separated by a smooth part of the spherical cap 25 whose width is approximately 3 mm for a tool of 13.5 mm in diameter.

Les ondulations 27 et 27′ ont une section longitudinale en forme d'arc-de-cercle et une section transversale en forme de triangle à sommet arrondi.The corrugations 27 and 27 ′ have a longitudinal section in the form of a semicircle and a cross section in the form of a triangle with rounded apex.

La hauteur des ondulations et la distance entre les sommets de ces ondulations sont respective­ment de 0,6 mm et 2 mm, dans le cas d'un outil compo­site d'un diamètre de 19 mm destiné au forage pétro­lier.The height of the corrugations and the distance between the tops of these corrugations are 0.6 mm and 2 mm respectively, in the case of a composite tool with a diameter of 19 mm intended for oil drilling.

Les outils ou éléments d'outil selon le se­cond et le troisième modes de réalisation présentent des avantages comparables à ceux de l'outil selon le premier mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, en ce qui concerne l'efficacité du refroidis­sement par le fluide de coupe, l'augmentation des pressions ponctuelles de coupe et le fractionnement des copeaux ou débris de matière arrachés pendant l'usinage. Ces avantages peuvent même être accrus, dans certains cas d'utilisation, grâce à la forme en calotte sphérique de la surface de travail ou de son enveloppe.The tools or tool elements according to the second and third embodiments have advantages comparable to those of the tool according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, as regards the efficiency of cooling by the cutting fluid, the increase in point cutting pressures and the fractionation of shavings or debris of material torn off during machining. These advantages can even be increased, in certain cases of use, thanks to the spherical cap shape of the work surface or of its envelope.

Dans tous les cas, l'outil ou l élément d'outil suivant l'invention peut être réalisé par l'un des deux procédés qui vont être décrits ci-dessous.In all cases, the tool or the tool element according to the invention can be produced by one of the two methods which will be described below.

L'outil ou l'élément d'outil suivant l'in­vention peut être réalisé à partir d'un outil composi­te comportant un support en carbure cémenté et une partie active en diamant polycristallin ayant une sur­face de travail lisse.The tool or tool element according to the invention can be produced from a composite tool comprising a support in cemented carbide and an active part in polycrystalline diamond having a smooth working surface.

De tels outils connus de la technique anté­rieure sont réalisés par frittage à haute température et à très haute pression de particules de diamant en présence d'un métal de liaison et de catalyse tel que le cobalt et en contact avec un matériau support en carbure métallique renfermant un métal de liaison.Such tools known in the prior art are produced by sintering at high temperature and at very high pressure diamond particles in the presence of a bonding and catalyzing metal such as cobalt and in contact with a support material of metal carbide containing a bonding metal.

Un tel outil peut être mis en forme lors du frittage, pour obtenir une surface ou table de travail d'une forme quelconque, par exemple une surface de travail de forme plane ou en forme de calotte sphéri­que.Such a tool can be shaped during sintering, to obtain a work surface or table of any shape, for example a work surface of planar shape or in the form of a spherical cap.

A partir d'un tel outil ou élément d'outil obtenu de manière classique, l'outil suivant l'inven­tion est réalisé par usinage de la surface de travail ou table diamantée de forme plane (cas du premier mode de réalisation de l'invention) ou de forme bombée (cas des second et troisième modes de réalisation de l'in­vention).From such a tool or tool element obtained in a conventional manner, the tool according to the invention is produced by machining the work surface or diamond table of planar shape (case of the first embodiment of the invention ) or curved shape (case of the second and third embodiments of the invention).

L'usinage et la mise en forme de la surface de travail diamantée de l'outil, pour réaliser des on­dulations successives et sensiblement parallèles sur cette surface de travail, sont réalisés par électro-­érosion en utilisant un fil électrode assurant l'usi­nage des parties en creux entre les ondulations ou encore une électrode d'enfonçage qui est déplacée sui­vant la direction des parties en creux séparant les ondulations.The machining and shaping of the diamond working surface of the tool, in order to produce successive and substantially parallel undulations on this working surface, are carried out by electro-erosion using an electrode wire ensuring the machining of the parts hollow between the corrugations or a driving-in electrode which is moved in the direction of the hollow parts separating the corrugations.

L'outil ou élément d'outil suivant l'inven­tion peut également être réalisé directement par frit­tage dans un dispositif à haute pression et à haute température du même type que les dispositifs utilisés pour la réalisation par frittage d'outils de forme classique à surface de travail lisse.The tool or tool element according to the invention can also be produced directly by sintering in a high pressure and high temperature device of the same type as the devices used for the production by sintering of tools of conventional shape with a surface of smooth work.

On utilise une coupelle en métal réfractaire tel que le molybdène ou un alliage de molybdène et de zirconium dont le volume interne présente la forme de l'outil à réaliser. La coupelle présente une face in­terne constituant son fond sur laquelle sont réalisées des ondulations sensiblement parallèles délimitant sur ce fond des parties en saillie et des parties en creux.A cup of refractory metal such as molybdenum or an alloy of molybdenum and zirconium is used, the internal volume of which has the shape of the tool to be produced. The cup has an internal face constituting its bottom on which substantially parallel undulations are made delimiting on this bottom projecting parts and recessed parts.

Les parties en creux usinées dans le fond de la coupelle correspondent, en forme et dimensions, aux ondulations à réaliser sur la surface de travail dia­mantée de l'outil. Les parties en saillie correspon­dent aux parties en creux séparant les ondulations.The recessed parts machined in the bottom of the cup correspond, in shape and dimensions, to the undulations to be produced on the diamond working surface of the tool. The projecting parts correspond to the hollow parts separating the corrugations.

On place dans le fond de la coupelle, en contact avec sa surface usinée, une quantité d'un mé­lange abrasif constitué par des particules de diamant mélangées à un métal de liaison et à action catalyti­que, tel que le cobalt. Le mélange abrasif est réparti uniformément sur toute la surface de la coupelle de manière à combler les parties en creux entre les ondu­lations et à constituer, compte tenu du retrait prévi­sible lors du compactage et du frittage ultérieurs, une partie active de l'outil d'une dimension voulue.Is placed in the bottom of the cup, in contact with its machined surface, an amount of an abrasive mixture consisting of diamond particles mixed with a bonding metal and catalytic action, such as cobalt. The abrasive mixture is distributed uniformly over the entire surface of the cup so as to fill the hollow parts between the corrugations and to constitute, taking into account the foreseeable shrinkage during subsequent compaction and sintering, an active part of the a desired dimension.

On place ensuite, au-dessus du mélange abra­sif soigneusement réparti dans le fond de la coupelle, un support en carbure de tungstène cémenté, par exem­ple constitué par des particules de carbure de tung­stène cémentées avec du cobalt.Then placed above the abrasive mixture carefully distributed in the bottom of the cup, a support made of cemented tungsten carbide, for example constituted by particles of tungsten carbide cemented with cobalt.

Avant de placer le support en carbure de tungstène sur la couche de mélange abrasif, on dispose éventuellement sur celle-ci une barrière de diffusion constituée d'un mélange de poudre de carbure de tung­stène et du mélange abrasif destinée à constituer la partie active de l'outil.Before placing the tungsten carbide support on the abrasive mixture layer, there is optionally available on it a diffusion barrier consisting of a mixture of tungsten carbide powder and the abrasive mixture intended to constitute the active part of the 'tool.

On réalise alors par pressage à froid sous très haute pression, la densification du mélange abra­sif et éventuellement de la barrière de diffusion.Densification of the abrasive mixture and possibly of the diffusion barrier is then carried out by cold pressing under very high pressure.

On réalise alors le frittage de l'ensemble du support, de la partie active et éventuellement de la barrière de diffusion sous une pression supérieure à 35 kbars et une température supérieure à 1000°C dans la zone de stabilité de la phase cubique du carbone.The entire support, the active part and possibly the diffusion barrier are then sintered under a pressure greater than 35 kbars and a temperature greater than 1000 ° C. in the zone of stability of the cubic phase of the carbon.

Cette opération de frittage est poursuivie pendant une durée de 3 à 30 minutes. On prendra soin de maintenir la pression sur la pièce dont on réalise le frittage pendant la montée et la descente en tempé­rature.This sintering operation is continued for a period of 3 to 30 minutes. Care will be taken to maintain the pressure on the part which is being sintered during the rise and fall in temperature.

La pièce constituant l'outil ou l'élément d'outil est alors démoulée et mise en forme définitive par rectification plane ou cylindrique.The part constituting the tool or the tool element is then removed from the mold and definitively shaped by planar or cylindrical rectification.

Afin d'améliorer la liaison entre la partie active en diamant polycristallin et le support en car­bure métallique, il est possible d'intercaler, entre ces deux composants, une couche de matériau destinée à constituer la couche de jonction métallurgique après frittage.In order to improve the connection between the active part in polycrystalline diamond and the metal carbide support, it is possible to interpose, between these two components, a layer of material intended to constitute the metallurgical junction layer after sintering.

Dans le cas d'une partie active en diamant polycristallin lié par du cobalt, cette couche desti­née à constituer la couche de liaison métallurgique pourra être constituée par du cobalt déposé sur le support en carbure métallique ou placée au-dessus de la couche de mélange abrasif.In the case of an active part in polycrystalline diamond bonded by cobalt, this layer intended to constitute the metallurgical bonding layer could be constituted by cobalt deposited on the support of metallic carbide or placed above the layer of abrasive mixture .

Cette couche de liaison peut également être réalisée à partir de la barrière de diffusion consti­tuée d'un mélange de poudre de carbure de tungstène et du mélange abrasif destiné à former la partie active de l'outil.This bonding layer can also be produced from the diffusion barrier consisting of a mixture of tungsten carbide powder and the abrasive mixture intended to form the active part of the tool.

L'élément métallique tel que le cobalt cons­tituant à la fois un liant et un catalyseur pour le produit abrasif diamanté peut être mélangé au préala­ble à la poudre abrasive constituée par du diamant ou encore déposé sur la face du support en carbure de tungstène venant en contact avec le mélange abrasif avant frittage.The metallic element such as cobalt constituting both a binder and a catalyst for the diamond abrasive product can be mixed beforehand with the abrasive powder constituted by diamond or else deposited on the face of the tungsten carbide support coming into contact. with the abrasive mixture before sintering.

Dans le cas où la partie active est consti­tuée par du diamant polycristallin lié par du cobalt et où le support est en carbure de tungstène renfer­mant également une certaine quantité de cobalt comme élément de liaison, le cobalt servant de liant et de catalyseur peut être introduit dans le mélange abrasif mis en contact avec le support de carbure de tungstè­ne, à partir de ce support et par infiltration. Dans ce cas, il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir une addi­tion supplémentaire de cobalt dans le mélange ou sur la surface de contact de support, le support renfer­mant un excès de cobalt qui est susceptible de diffu­ser dans le mélange abrasif lors du frittage.In the case where the active part consists of polycrystalline diamond linked by cobalt and where the support is made of tungsten carbide also containing a certain amount of cobalt as a connecting element, the cobalt serving as a binder and catalyst can be introduced into the abrasive mixture brought into contact with the support of tungsten carbide, from this support and by infiltration. In this case, it is not necessary to provide for an additional addition of cobalt in the mixture or on the support contact surface, the support containing an excess of cobalt which is liable to diffuse into the abrasive mixture during sintering.

Dans tous les cas, l'outil suivant l'inven­tion peut être obtenu de manière simple, par des opé­rations connues dans le cadre de la fabrication des outils en carbure à surface de travail diamantée.In all cases, the tool according to the invention can be obtained in a simple manner, by operations known in the context of the manufacture of carbide tools with diamond working surface.

L'outil ou l'élément d'outil suivant l'in­vention présente cependant des avantages importants par rapport aux outils de la technique connue, dans la mesure où les efforts de coupe et l'échauffement de l'outil sont beaucoup plus faibles et où, simultané­ment, l'efficacité du fluide de refroidissement est considérablement accrue. Il en résulte une diminution extrêmement importante des dégradations thermiques de l'outil en cours d'utilisation, un rendement nettement amélioré, une durée de vie accrue et des conditions d'utilisation permettant de réduire les temps d'usina­ge et les arrêts pour entretien ou réparation.The tool or tool element according to the invention however has significant advantages over tools of the known technique, insofar as the cutting forces and the heating of the tool are much lower and where , simultaneously, the efficiency of the cooling fluid is considerably increased. This results in an extremely significant reduction in the thermal degradations of the tool in use, a markedly improved yield, a longer service life and conditions of use making it possible to reduce the machining times and the downtimes for maintenance or repair.

L'invention ne se limite pas aux modes de réalisation qui ont été décrits.The invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been described.

C'est ainsi qu'on peut imaginer des outils dont la surface de travail présente une forme générale différente d'une forme plane ou bombée, comme il a été décrit et représenté sur les figures.Thus one can imagine tools whose working surface has a general shape different from a flat or curved shape, as has been described and shown in the figures.

Les ondulations peuvent présenter, en sec­tion longitudinale ou en section transversale, des formes différentes de celles qui ont été décrites. Ces ondulations peuvent présenter une hauteur et un espa­cement quelconques, en fonction de l'utilisation re­cherchée, de la taille de l'outil, de son mode de fonctionnement et de la nature du matériau à usiner.The corrugations may have, in longitudinal section or in cross section, shapes different from those which have been described. These undulations can have any height and spacing, depending on the desired use, the size of the tool, its operating mode and the nature of the material to be machined.

Bien que l'invention connaisse des applica­tions très avantageuses dans le cas du travail des ro­ches et en particulier dans le cas du forage à grande profondeur tel que le forage pétrolier, on peut envi­sager d'autres applications d'outils suivant l'inven­tion sur des machines d'abattage ou de havage, dans le cadre de l'exploitation minière ou encore sur des ma­chines-outils pour l'usinage de métaux, de matériaux durs ou de tout autre type de matériaux dont l'usinage requiert un bon refroidissement de l'outil et met en jeu des efforts de coupe qui peuvent être importants.Although the invention has very advantageous applications in the case of working rocks and in particular in the case of deep drilling such as oil drilling, one can envisage other applications of tools according to the invention on machines for slaughtering or cutting, in the context of mining or on machine tools for machining metals, hard materials or any other type of material whose machining requires good cooling of the tool and involves cutting forces which can be significant.

Claims (14)

1.- Outil composite comportant un support (2, 12, 22) en carbure métallique et une partie active (3, 13, 23) en diamant polycristallin présentant une surface interne (4, 14, 24) de liaison métallurgique au support (2, 12, 22) et une surface de travail (5, 15, 25) dirigée vers l'extérieur, caractérisé par le fait que la surface de travail (5, 15, 25) comporte des ondulations (7, 17, 27) sensiblement parallèles entre elles constituant des zones successives (7, 17, 27 ; 8, 18, 28) en saillie et en creux sur une partie au moins de la surface de travail (5, 15, 25).1.- Composite tool comprising a support (2, 12, 22) of metal carbide and an active part (3, 13, 23) of polycrystalline diamond having an internal surface (4, 14, 24) of metallurgical connection to the support (2 , 12, 22) and a working surface (5, 15, 25) directed towards the outside, characterized in that the working surface (5, 15, 25) has undulations (7, 17, 27) substantially parallel to each other constituting successive zones (7, 17, 27; 8, 18, 28) projecting and recessed on at least part of the working surface (5, 15, 25). 2.- Outil composite suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les parties d'extrémité externes de la partie active (3) de l'outil consti­tuées par le sommet des ondulations (7) sont situées sur une surface (5) sensiblement plane.2.- composite tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the external end parts of the active part (3) of the tool formed by the top of the corrugations (7) are located on a surface (5) substantially plane. 3.- Outil composite suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les parties d'extrémité externes de la partie active (13, 23) de l'outil cons­tituées par le sommet des ondulations (17, 27) sont situées sur une surface (15, 25) en forme de calotte sphérique.3.- composite tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the external end parts of the active part (13, 23) of the tool formed by the top of the corrugations (17, 27) are located on a surface (15, 25) in the form of a spherical cap. 4.- Outil composite suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la surface de travail (25) en forme de calotte sphérique comporte des ondu­lations (27) dans deux zones périphériques et une sur­face lisse dans une zone centrale.4.- composite tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the working surface (25) in the form of a spherical cap has corrugations (27) in two peripheral zones and a smooth surface in a central zone. 5.- Outil composite suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que les ondulations (7, 17, 27) présentent, en section transversale, la forme d'un triangle dont le sommet est arrondi.5.- composite tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the corrugations (7, 17, 27) have, in cross section, the shape of a triangle whose apex is rounded. 6.- Outil composite suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que la partie active est constituée par des particules de diamant liées par du cobalt et que le support est constitué par un mélange de particules de carbure de tungstène frittées et liées par du cobalt.6.- composite tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the active part is constituted by diamond particles bonded by cobalt and that the support consists of a mixture of tungsten carbide particles sintered and bonded with cobalt. 7.- Outil composite suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte une couche interne de liaison métallur­gique (4, 14, 24) composée de diamant polycristallin et de carbure métallique constituant une barrière de diffusion.7.- composite tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises an internal metallurgical bonding layer (4, 14, 24) composed of polycrystalline diamond and metal carbide constituting a diffusion barrier . 8.- Procédé de fabrication d'un outil compo­site comportant un support en carbure métallique (2, 12, 22) et une partie active (3, 13, 23) en diamant polycristallin présentant une surface interne (4, 14, 24) de liaison métallurgique au support (2, 12, 22) et une surface de travail (5, 15, 25) dirigée vers l'ex­térieur, caractérisé par le fait qu'on réalise par frittage un outil composite comportant un support en carbure métallique et une partie active ayant une sur­face de travail lisse et qu'on réalise par usinage par électro-érosion des ondulations sensiblement parallè­les entre elles sur une partie au moins de la surface de travail lisse (5, 15, 25).8.- Method of manufacturing a composite tool comprising a metal carbide support (2, 12, 22) and an active part (3, 13, 23) in polycrystalline diamond having an internal surface (4, 14, 24) of metallurgical connection to the support (2, 12, 22) and a working surface (5, 15, 25) directed towards the outside, characterized in that a composite tool is produced by sintering comprising a metal carbide support and a active part having a smooth working surface and which is produced by electro-erosion machining substantially parallel corrugations between them on at least part of the smooth working surface (5, 15, 25). 9.- Procédé de fabrication d'un outil compo­site comportant un support en carbure métallique (2, 12, 22) et une partie active (3, 13, 23) en diamant polycristallin présentant une surface interne (4, 14, 24) de liaison métallurgique au support (2, 12, 22) et une surface de travail (5, 15, 25) dirigée vers l'ex­térieur, caractérisé par le fait :
- qu'on réalise une coupelle en métal réfractaire com­portant un fond présentant des ondulations,
- qu'on dispose dans le fond de la coupelle un mélange abrasif constitué de diamant, de manière à combler les parties en creux du fond de la coupelle et à répartir uniformément le mélange abrasif,
- qu'on dispose un support (2, 12, 22) en carbure mé­tallique fritté au-dessus du mélange abrasif,
- qu'on réalise par compactage à froid la densifica­tion du mélange abrasif,
- qu'on réalise un frittage du mélange abrasif et du support en carbure métallique à haute pression et à haute température pendant une durée de 3 à 30 minutes,
- et qu'on réalise la mise en forme définitive de l'outil par rectification.
9.- Method of manufacturing a composite tool comprising a metal carbide support (2, 12, 22) and an active part (3, 13, 23) in polycrystalline diamond having an internal surface (4, 14, 24) of metallurgical connection to the support (2, 12, 22) and a working surface (5, 15, 25) directed towards the outside, characterized by the fact:
- that a refractory metal cup is made comprising a bottom having undulations,
- an abrasive mixture consisting of diamond is placed in the bottom of the cup, so as to fill the hollow parts of the bottom of the cup and to distribute the abrasive mixture evenly,
- that there is a support (2, 12, 22) made of sintered metal carbide above the abrasive mixture,
- densification of the abrasive mixture is carried out by cold compaction,
- that the abrasive mixture and the metal carbide support are sintered at high pressure and at high temperature for a period of 3 to 30 minutes,
- and that the final shaping of the tool is carried out by rectification.
10.- Procédé suivant la revendication 9, ca­ractérisé par le fait qu'on dispose une couche d'un métal de liaison et de catalyse tel que le cobalt, entre le mélange abrasif et le support (2, 12, 22), avant frittage.10.- Method according to claim 9, characterized in that there is a layer of a bonding and catalysis metal such as cobalt, between the abrasive mixture and the support (2, 12, 22), before sintering . 11 .- Procédé suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que la couche de cobalt est déposée sur la surface du support (2, 12, 22) venant en contact avec le mélange abrasif.11 .- Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the cobalt layer is deposited on the surface of the support (2, 12, 22) coming into contact with the abrasive mixture. 12.- Procédé suivant la revendication 9, ca­ractérisé par le fait qu'on dispose entre le support (2, 12, 22) et la couche abrasive, avant frittage, une couche constituée par de la poudre de carbure métalli­que et d'un mélange abrasif identique à celui destiné à constituer la partie active (3, 13, 23) de l'outil, cette couche (4, 14, 24) constituant une barrière de diffusion.12.- Method according to claim 9, characterized in that there is between the support (2, 12, 22) and the abrasive layer, before sintering, a layer consisting of metal carbide powder and a mixture abrasive identical to that intended to constitute the active part (3, 13, 23) of the tool, this layer (4, 14, 24) constituting a diffusion barrier. 13.- Procédé suivant la revendication 9, ca­ractérisé par le fait que le métal de liaison et de catalyse tel que le cobalt est incorporé au mélange abrasif préalablement au frittage.13.- Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the bonding and catalysis metal such as cobalt is incorporated into the abrasive mixture before sintering. 14.- Procédé suivant la revendication 9, ca­ractérisé par le fait que le métal de liaison et de catalyse tel que le cobalt contenu dans le support (2, 12 22) s'infiltre par diffusion lors du frittage dans le mélange abrasif destiné à constituer la partie ac­tive (3, 13, 23) de l'outil.14.- Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the bonding and catalysis metal such as cobalt contained in the support (2, 12 22) infiltrates by diffusion during sintering in the abrasive mixture intended to constitute the active part (3, 13, 23) of the tool.
EP90401170A 1989-05-17 1990-04-27 Tool composition with an active part made of polycristalline diamond Expired - Lifetime EP0398776B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8906435A FR2647153B1 (en) 1989-05-17 1989-05-17 COMPOSITE TOOL COMPRISING A POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND ACTIVE PART AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
FR8906435 1989-05-17

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EP0398776A1 true EP0398776A1 (en) 1990-11-22
EP0398776B1 EP0398776B1 (en) 1993-10-13

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EP (1) EP0398776B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69003867T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2047280T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2647153B1 (en)
IE (1) IE65002B1 (en)

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EP0133386A2 (en) * 1983-06-22 1985-02-20 Megadiamond Industries Inc. Polycrystalline diamond body with enhanced surface irregularities and methods of making the same
EP0177466A2 (en) * 1984-10-04 1986-04-09 Strata Bit Corporation Cutting element for drill bits
EP0312281A2 (en) * 1987-10-12 1989-04-19 De Beers Industrial Diamond Division (Proprietary) Limited Abrasive products

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103635653A (en) * 2011-06-21 2014-03-12 贝克休斯公司 Cutting elements for earth-boring tools, earth-boring tools including such cutting elements, and methods of forming such cutting elements for earth-boring tools
CN103635653B (en) * 2011-06-21 2017-01-18 贝克休斯公司 Cutting elements for earth-boring tools, earth-boring tools including such cutting elements, and methods of forming such cutting elements for earth-boring tools
US9797200B2 (en) 2011-06-21 2017-10-24 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Methods of fabricating cutting elements for earth-boring tools and methods of selectively removing a portion of a cutting element of an earth-boring tool
US10428585B2 (en) 2011-06-21 2019-10-01 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Methods of fabricating cutting elements for earth-boring tools and methods of selectively removing a portion of a cutting element of an earth-boring tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2647153A1 (en) 1990-11-23
EP0398776B1 (en) 1993-10-13
DE69003867T2 (en) 1994-02-10
IE65002B1 (en) 1995-10-04
DE69003867D1 (en) 1993-11-18
IE901766L (en) 1990-11-17
ES2047280T3 (en) 1994-02-16
US4984642A (en) 1991-01-15
FR2647153B1 (en) 1995-12-01

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