EP0398405B1 - Méthode à deux jets - Google Patents

Méthode à deux jets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0398405B1
EP0398405B1 EP90200978A EP90200978A EP0398405B1 EP 0398405 B1 EP0398405 B1 EP 0398405B1 EP 90200978 A EP90200978 A EP 90200978A EP 90200978 A EP90200978 A EP 90200978A EP 0398405 B1 EP0398405 B1 EP 0398405B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure medium
jet
jets
medium
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90200978A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0398405A1 (fr
Inventor
Charles Loegel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Loegel Patrick
Reichert Sylvie
Schneider Francine
Original Assignee
Loegel Patrick
Reichert Sylvie
Schneider Francine
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Application filed by Loegel Patrick, Reichert Sylvie, Schneider Francine filed Critical Loegel Patrick
Publication of EP0398405A1 publication Critical patent/EP0398405A1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/0036—Cutting means, e.g. water jets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for cutting, drilling and the like material-removing processing of rock, ores, coal seams, concrete or other hard objects by means of a pressure medium according to the types mentioned in claims 1 and 11.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the processing of hard objects in particular by clearing groove or groove-shaped slots with a high clearance rate without bulky additional units; above all, the "advance" when slitting the hard material is to be increased.
  • the inventive Method in which at least one jet of a coolant is directed onto the clearing point of the object with at least one jet of the pressure medium, and a cooling effect is exerted on the object, by means of which a significantly higher clearing rate can be achieved than if this cooling medium is missing.
  • the cooling medium itself does not necessarily have to be cooler than the pressure medium; it suffices if it has a strongly cooling effect at the point of impact on the object to be slit in the area of the impact of the pressure medium jet.
  • the clearance rate is improved by a factor of 3 ⁇ 4 compared to a lack of cooling medium even if water is used as the pressure medium and air is used as the cooling medium, provided the pressure of the water is at least 1500 bar.
  • the object of the invention is particularly well achieved when the pressure medium in the form of several narrow individual jets is ejected from a nozzle head under the high pressure of up to and above 2000 bar and when the individual narrow jets are not parallel but in the form of an increasing Distance from the end face of the nozzle head diverging beams are arranged. It is particularly expedient if the density (per unit area) of rays in the central area of the bundle is significantly greater than in the edge area.
  • directional jets of the cooling medium are directed onto the jets of the pressure medium in such a way that directional jets and individual jets of the pressure medium intersect. Even if the jet of the cooling medium is deflected from the original direction of the directional jet by individual jets of the pressure medium under high pressure, there are strong cooling effects since the speed of the pressure medium jets is very high and is up to over 2000 km / h. If air is used as the cooling medium, an air pressure in the order of magnitude between 1 and 10 bar is sufficient. Icing effects promote the destruction in the impact area on the rock.
  • a cool liquid gas can also be used instead of air, which improves the results even more, but which also increases the process costs considerably.
  • abrasive particles in particular the cooling medium and / or the pressure medium, can also be added.
  • the problem is particularly preferably solved by a Device in which the nozzle head for the pressure medium and a straightening head for the cooling medium are arranged side by side so that the above-mentioned effect occurs. It is particularly recommended if at least the nozzle head of the pressure medium exerts an oscillating movement in an oscillating plane which corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the groove-shaped slot to be cleared out of rock or the like.
  • the individual jets of the pressure medium are arranged at different angles of attack in relation to this pendulum plane. It is also advisable to use nozzles that prevent the individual jets from spreading out shortly after leaving the nozzle head.
  • the individual jets should strike the object essentially in a point-like manner - in the form of a line when commuting, unless the cooling medium exerts an "icing" effect on the pressure medium jets.
  • the angles of attack are in particular up to 25 degrees with respect to the pendulum plane.
  • the pressure medium supply line is expediently bendable, while the coolant supply line can be rigid.
  • a rigid pressure medium supply line 12 is connected via connecting webs 36 to the likewise rigid supply line 31 for cooling medium. Both the pressure medium supply line 12 and the cooling medium supply line 31 are parallel arranged pipes.
  • a coupling 11 is attached, which connects the pressure medium supply line 30, which is designed as a flexible pendulum tube, to the tube 12 in such a way that the pendulum tube around the articulation point of the coupling 11 in a pendulum movement - as indicated in broken lines - by, for example, the pivoting angle ⁇ is feasible.
  • the coupling 11 for example, according to FIG.
  • a high-pressure hose (HP hose) can also be installed between the tube 12 and the pendulum tube in such a way that the pressure medium flows through the bendable HP hose, which causes the oscillating movement of the pendulum tube, ie the pressure medium Feed line 30, not obstructed in operation.
  • the supply line 30, which oscillates during operation, is supported on a guide 6 which projects laterally from the cooling medium supply line 31.
  • the nozzle head 3 At the free end of the pendulum tube there is the nozzle head 3, on the front or front side 3a of which nozzles (not shown here) are arranged, through which pressure medium can be expelled onto the rock 15 in operation in the form of jets 5b in the form of jets 5b .
  • the oscillating movement to the right and left by the pivoting angle ⁇ oscillating movement of the pendulum tube and therefore also the entrained nozzle head 3 and the jets 5b is caused in this example by a drive unit 32 which is attached to the cooling medium supply line 31 and by an energy source, for example Kinetic, electrical, electromagnetic, pneumatic or hydraulic energy can be driven, which is guided through the feed line 31 to the drive unit 32.
  • a plunger 33 briefly pushes the pendulum tube in the direction facing away from the feed line 31.
  • the spring 34 is tensioned, which on the one hand prevents the pendulum tube from being deflected too far and on the other hand pulls it back in the opposite direction.
  • the straightening head 31a In the vicinity of the nozzle head 3 for the pressure medium under high pressure, the straightening head 31a is located at the free end of the feed line 31, through the straightening beams 5g of air serving as a cooling medium, both in the direction of the rock 15 and in the direction of the individual pressure medium jets 5b are directed.
  • This device is encased in a protective manner by the housing 40 shown schematically here, except for its open end face.
  • a linkage composed of several levers is used, with which the drive unit 32 brings the feed line 30 of the pressure medium into the oscillating movement.
  • the directional jet 5g is inclined at 45 degrees to the main jet direction of the pressure medium, which is illustrated here by the jet 5b of the nozzle head 3; In this embodiment, the other rays of the pressure medium are not specified.
  • Nozzles 5a are located in the nozzle head 3 for the pressure medium, which can optionally also be in the form of jet cones spreading from the nozzle head 3 with increasing direction, although narrow individual jets have proven to be considerably cheaper.
  • the pressure medium emerging from the nozzle head 3 in the form of the narrow individual jets 5b under high pressure serves to automatically drive the bendable pendulum tube or the feed line 30 in the direction which is predetermined by the bow-shaped, in particular linear guide 6.
  • the pendulum plane lies in the drawing plane, that is, in the same plane in which the supply line 12 for the pressure medium on the one hand and the supply line 31 for the coolant on the other hand are located.
  • This embodiment of the invention also ensures that at least one directional jet 5g of the air serving as the cooling medium emerges from the directional head 31a in such a way that an at least fictitious interface 200b with the next adjacent jet 5b of the pressure medium results before the rock (not shown here) is reached .
  • the rectangular nozzle head 3 has on its free front or face 3a a number of nozzles 5a, of which the middle nozzle 5a1 at the interface between the plane of symmetry 25s (simultaneously forms the pendulum plane PE) and the transverse plane 25q running at right angles thereto is arranged. Further nozzles 5a are arranged in the central region 3a1 around the central nozzle 5a1, so that the density, ie the number of nozzles per unit area, in the central region 3a1 is larger than outside it.
  • the outermost nozzles 5a2 are formed by nozzle elements, which are explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 9.
  • Bores with an internal thread 50 are arranged in the nozzle head 3 starting from the end face 3a in such a way that the axes of the bores are inclined at angles of incidence ⁇ and ⁇ with respect to the axis of the central nozzle 5a1 and therefore the main jet direction.
  • the rays 5b2 therefore extend diametrically outwards from the end face 3a of the nozzle head 3. It is recommended if the angle of attack in the pendulum plane PE is significantly larger than the angle of attack ⁇ in the transverse plane 25q running transversely thereto. In this example, the first-mentioned angle of attack ⁇ 2 is 23 degrees, while the second-mentioned angle of attack ⁇ 2 is 6 degrees.
  • the nozzle elements consist of the screw bolts 100 which can be screwed into the internal thread 50 from the end face 3a and the cylindrical projections 101 which expediently protrude into the collecting chamber 7 in the nozzle head 3.
  • the collecting chamber 7 is connected by a passage provided with an internal thread 20 to the feed line 30, not shown in FIG. 7, for the pressure medium.
  • the clear diameter of the nozzles 5a in the area of the passage opening 102a is 0.5-1 mm.
  • the screw bolt 100 made of steel in particular is provided with an annular insert 102 made of sapphire and / or hard metal in particular, the passage opening 102a of which has the smallest flow cross section of all the units involved in the passage of the pressure medium.
  • the approach 101 of the screw bolt 100 has a flow cross section which decreases conically in the flow direction D of the pressure medium. It is at the entrance of the approach 101, a perforated disk 103 is soldered on, for example. The total cross section of all perforation holes 103a in the disk 103 is larger than the flow cross section of the passage opening 102a of the ring-shaped insert 102.
  • One part of the attachment 101 connects to the insert 102, which has a substantially cylindrical bore 101b, to which the conical collecting chamber is attached 101a connects.
  • the perforated disk 103 together with the conically or conically narrowing collecting chamber 101a, reduces pressure surges. This ensures better that the individual jets 5b1, 5b2 of the pressure medium remain narrow up to the point of impact on the object to be processed.
  • the coolant supply line 31 coaxially envelops the pressure medium supply line 30; both supply lines are bendable, the pressure medium supply line 30 consisting of a high-pressure hose, since the pressure medium pressure within it is very high.
  • the pressure medium exits through the nozzles, here the nozzles 5a1 and 5a2, and forms pressure medium jets 5b1, 5b2, 5b3, and the nozzle head 3 swings back and forth very quickly in the pendulum plane PE, ie perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, this becomes bundles of rays formed by the individual, very narrow jets 5b1, 5b2, 5b3 and possibly further individual jets are enveloped by a kind of "curtain" of air which flows as a cooling medium through the annular directional nozzle 201.
  • the axis of the directional nozzle 201 is directed radially inward at the angle of incidence ⁇ of approximately 20 °, with the result that the angle of the beam 5b2 at the angle of incidence ⁇ relative to the central jet 5b1 is at least fictitiously hit or cut at the interface 200b2 by the directional jet 5b .
  • the Directional jet 5g of the negative pressure is deflected around the jet 5b2, which flows out of the nozzle 5a2 at a very high speed of, for example, 2000 km / h.
  • the directional jet 5g does not directly meet the jet 5b of the pressure medium; rather, the directional jet 5g and the pressure medium jet 5b are pivoted essentially parallel to one another during the oscillating oscillating movement of the nozzle head 3 by the pivoting or pendulum angle ⁇ from one position to the other dot-dash position, in which the directional jet with the reference symbol 5g 'and the pressure medium jet are provided with the reference symbol 5b '.
  • the removal or clearing effect in the impact area 209 is therefore many times greater than if only the pressure medium jets 5b, 5b 'would oscillate there and back.
  • the heating without interruption of cooling forms a coating that serves as a heat shield for many types of rock, especially in the area of impact, which shows the effect of the high-energy jets 5b, 5b 'in the case of longer operation compared to the beginning of clearing when the rock is not yet very strong is heated, reduced.
  • the invention can be used particularly advantageously when introducing straight or also arcuate or even circular slots in granite and the like hard rock.
  • the device according to the invention can cut slots up to one meter deep in granite, so that granite blocks can be broken out much more quickly and easily than by introducing boreholes and blasting with explosives in a predetermined cuboid shape.
  • the media used in the invention such as water for the high pressure medium and Air for the cooling medium, cheap and the lance-shaped device offers the possibility of clearing even deep slots in the granite with a narrow design.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Procédé pour l'enlèvement de matière, tel que découpage de roche, minerai, charbon, béton ou d'autres matériaux durs, à l'aide d'un fluide sous pression qui sous forme de jets fins sous haute pression (5b) ordonnés les uns par rapport aux autres selon un angle (β), sont dirigés sur la matière (15) de telle façon qu'une saignée (16) se forme par enlèvement de particules dans la matière (15)
    caractérisé par le fait que la matière (15) dans la zône d'impact (209 à 211) des jets (5b) du fluide sous pression est refroidie par au minimum un faisceau (5g) d'un fluide refroidissant et que le (ou les) faisceau(x) (5g) soi(en)t orienté(s) par rapport à au moins un jet (5b) du fluide sous pression, de telle façon que le (les) faisceau(x) et le jet (5b) du fluide sous pression se rencontre(nt) dans la zône d'impact (205 à 211).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé par le fait que la concentration en jets 5b (nombre de buses par unité de surface) du faisceau constitué par les jets fins (5b) est plus importante dans la partie centrale (3a1) que sur les bords.
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé par le fait que le/les faisceau(x) (5g) sont dirigés sur les jets fins du fluide sous pression, de telle façon que les points d'intersection, respectivement la ligne d'intersection (200b2) entre le faisceau (5g) avec au minimum le jet (5b) le plus à l'extérieur du fluide sous pression, soient situés avant la zône d'impact (210,211) sur la matériau (15).
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par le fait que un faisceau de fluide de refroidissement (5g) en forme d'anneau soit dirigé sur le faisceau constitué par les différents jets (5b).
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par le fait que le fluide est utilisé à une pression minimum de 1500 bars.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par le fait que de l'eau froide est utilisée comme fluide sous pression.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par le fait que l'air est utilisé comme fluide de refroidissement.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par le fait qu' un gaz liquide froid peut être utilisé comme fluide de refroidissement.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par le fait qu' on rajoute des particules abrasives au fluide sous pression.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par le fait que le fluide sous pression ou/et le fluide de refroidissement est/sont soumis à des pulsations.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10 dans lequel le fluide sous pression est amené par une conduite (30) à une tête porte-buses (3) et éjecté à travers au moins deux buses (5a) de la tête sous forme de jets minces (5b) sur la matière à travailler (15),
    caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif comporte une conduite (31) pour fluide de refroidissement, relié à une tête directionnelle (31a) munie au minimum d'une buse (201), la buse étant positionnée par rapport à au moins un jet (5b) du fluide sous pression, de telle façon que le faisceau (5g) du fluide de refroidissement se recoupe avec le jet (5b) dans la zône d'impact (209-211).
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11
    caractérisé par le fait que l'angle d'orientation (β) de la plupart des buses (5) se situe entre 10° et 25°.
  13. Procédé selon les revendications 11 ou 12
    caractérisé par le fait que la conduite (30) du fluide sous pression est plutôt flexible.
  14. Procédé selon les revendications 11 à 13,
    caractérisé par le fait que la conduite (30) du fluide sous pression est guidée dans le plan d'oscillation PE par un bâti (6) qui est relié à la conduite rigide (31) du fluide de refroidissement.
  15. Procédé selon les revendications 11 à 14
    caractérisé par le fait que la tête porte-buses (3) est munie de canaux reliant les buses (5a) d'une part avec la chambre (7) dans laquelle arrive le fluide sous pression par la conduite (30) et d'autre part avec la face avant (3a) de la tête porte-buses (3).
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 15
    caractérisé par le fait que les buses (5a) sont constituées par des boulons (100) percés tel un tube que l'on peut visser dans un filtage intérieur faisant canal intérieur (50) dans la tête porte-buses (3).
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 16
    caractérisé par le fait que dans le boulon (100) est placé un insert en forme cylindrique percé (102) en saphir et/ou en carbure de tungstène dont le diamètre de passage (102a) est le plus petit de tous les diamètres des parties concernées par le passage du fluide sous pression.
  18. Procédé selon les revendications 16 ou 17
    caractérisé par le fait qu' après le boulon (100) est placé une pièce rapportée (101) dont la coupe fait apparaître un cône dont le diamètre va en diminuant, dans le sens D de l'écoulement du fluide sous pression.
  19. Procédé selon la revendication 18
    caractérisé par le fait que l'entrée de la pièce rapportée (101) est fermée par un disque perforé (103) et dont la somme de toutes les perforations (103a) est plus grande que la section du passage (102a) de l'insert (102).
EP90200978A 1989-05-16 1990-04-09 Méthode à deux jets Expired - Lifetime EP0398405B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3915933 1989-05-16
DE3915933A DE3915933C1 (fr) 1989-05-16 1989-05-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0398405A1 EP0398405A1 (fr) 1990-11-22
EP0398405B1 true EP0398405B1 (fr) 1992-12-16

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ID=6380752

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90905515A Pending EP0456768A1 (fr) 1989-05-16 1990-04-09 Procede a double jet
EP90200978A Expired - Lifetime EP0398405B1 (fr) 1989-05-16 1990-04-09 Méthode à deux jets

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EP90905515A Pending EP0456768A1 (fr) 1989-05-16 1990-04-09 Procede a double jet

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US5255959A (fr)
EP (2) EP0456768A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE83421T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU632325B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9006867A (fr)
CA (1) CA2042046C (fr)
DE (2) DE3915933C1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0398405T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2037518T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3006737T3 (fr)
TR (1) TR25327A (fr)
WO (1) WO1990014200A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA903356B (fr)

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US4708214A (en) * 1985-02-06 1987-11-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Rotatable end deflector for abrasive water jet drill
US4795217A (en) * 1986-03-07 1989-01-03 Hydro-Ergon Corporation System for removing material with a high velocity jet of working fluid
DE3739825A1 (de) * 1987-08-11 1989-02-23 Ciwj Co Int Water Jet Vorrichtung zum schneiden, bohren oder dergleichen bearbeiten von gestein, erzen, beton oder dergleichen
JP2668696B2 (ja) * 1988-03-04 1997-10-27 大成建設株式会社 アスベスト含有物の剥離・飛散防止方法

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US5255959A (en) 1993-10-26
DE3915933C1 (fr) 1990-11-29
ATE83421T1 (de) 1993-01-15
DK0398405T3 (da) 1993-02-01
CA2042046A1 (fr) 1990-11-17
AU632325B2 (en) 1992-12-24
ZA903356B (en) 1991-01-30
CA2042046C (fr) 1994-10-18
EP0398405A1 (fr) 1990-11-22
AU5403890A (en) 1990-12-18
TR25327A (tr) 1993-01-01
ES2037518T3 (es) 1993-06-16
DE59000596D1 (de) 1993-01-28
WO1990014200A1 (fr) 1990-11-29
BR9006867A (pt) 1991-08-06
GR3006737T3 (fr) 1993-06-30
EP0456768A1 (fr) 1991-11-21

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