EP0393970B1 - Cooling of hot bodies - Google Patents
Cooling of hot bodies Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0393970B1 EP0393970B1 EP90304081A EP90304081A EP0393970B1 EP 0393970 B1 EP0393970 B1 EP 0393970B1 EP 90304081 A EP90304081 A EP 90304081A EP 90304081 A EP90304081 A EP 90304081A EP 0393970 B1 EP0393970 B1 EP 0393970B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cooled
- liquid coolant
- coolant
- vessel
- space
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
- F27D1/1808—Removable covers
- F27D1/1816—Removable covers specially adapted for arc furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of cooling a hot body and to a body which, in use, has to be cooled with liquid coolant.
- a particular, but not sole, application of the invention is to a method of cooling a part of a vessel for containing molten metal and to such vessels.
- the shell of a basic oxygen furnace has a slag shedder plate spaced apart from the shell adjacent the mouth of the furnace. Nozzles are located in the space between the shell and the shedder plate and sprays of atomised liquid coolant from the nozzles are directed in normal and overlapping relation onto the surface of the shell.
- a hot body having a surface of an additional body arranged substantially parallel to, and spaced from, a surface of the body to be cooled to form a space open to the atmosphere and wherein a quantity of liquid coolant is atomised by a gaseous medium and is discharged in overlapping sprays in the space between the two surfaces so that the entire surface to be cooled receives droplets of atomised coolant liquid, the volume of liquid coolant applied in a given time period being controlled so that it does not exceed the volume of liquid coolant which is vaporised by contact with the surface of the hot body in the given time period, characterised in that the liquid coolant sprays are substantially flat and are directed in the space in directions substantially parallel with the surfaces.
- the liquid coolant is conveniently water and, since the water is applied in the form of fine droplets on to the outer surface of the body to be cooled, cooling by vaporisation takes place. In this way, advantage can be taken of the fact that a much greater quantity of heat can be removed by each unit mass of water employed when it is vaporised than when it remains liquid. As the water is applied at a rate not exceeding the rate at which the water is vaporised by contact with the surface, there is no water remaining to run off the surface being cooled into possible contact with the molten metal contained within the vessel.
- the features of spraying the liquid coolant in flat sprays and in directions substantially parallel with the surface to be cooled means that the water droplets spread over a greater area and uniform cooling of the part of the container can be achieved and only a very few spray nozzles are required in order to bring about the desired cooling as compared with a much greater number of nozzles which are required when the liquid coolant is sprayed substantially at right angles on to the surface to be cooled from nozzles close to the surface.
- a body which, in use, has to be cooled with liquid coolant, said body having an additional body arranged with a surface substantially parallel to, and spaced from, a surface of the body to be cooled to form a space open to the atmosphere, a plurality of nozzles arranged to receive a gaseous medium and a liquid coolant and to discharge the liquid coolant in the form of atomised overlapping sprays of coolant in the space between the two surfaces, so that the entire surface to be cooled receives droplets of atomised coolant liquid, characterised in that the nozzles are arranged to discharge the sprays, which are substantially flat, in directions substantially parallel with the surfaces.
- the amount of liquid coolant applied to the surface of the part of the vessel to be cooled is preferably controlled by means which determines the temperature of the outer surface of the part to be cooled and valve means for controlling the supply of liquid coolant in response to the determined temperature such that the droplets which are applied over a time period on to the surface do not exceed the droplets which are vaporised by contact with the surface during that time period.
- the surface of the body to be cooled is conveniently the roof of the relevant vessel, which further may comprise, e.g. a ladle furnace or an electric arc furnace. In the case of the barrel and trunnion ring of a basic oxygen furnace, both surfaces are cooled. It may also take the form of a fume/flame extraction hood for use during transfer of molten metal from a ladle to a converter vessel.
- the roof 1 of a ladle furnace is of annular form and consists of a metal plate 2 having a central opening 3 and a lining 4 of refractory material attached to the underside of the metal plate.
- the plate is inclined upwardly from its outer edge towards the central opening 3.
- Electrodes 5 are raised and lowered and enter into the ladle furnace through the opening 3.
- the exterior roof surface becomes very hot and its temperature has to be reduced by applying liquid coolant to it.
- an additional body 6 in the form of an annular plate is mounted above the said roof surface and a space 7 is formed between the outer surface of the plate 2 and the inner surface of the body 6.
- These surfaces are arranged to be substantially parallel but the orientation thereof may be varied, in the event that a physical obstruction is present.
- support struts 8 provided at the outer edge of the roof surface and around the opening 3, the sides of the space 7 are open to atmosphere.
- a plurality of spray nozzles 9 are located inside the space 7 adjacent to the outer edge of the roof surface.
- These spray nozzles are supplied with liquid coolant, usually water, from a ring main 9A and also with air under pressure from a pipe 9B and, in use, they provide a wide-angled flat spray of water droplets, indicated by broken lines 10 in Figure 1.
- liquid coolant usually water
- the spray nozzles could be operated by high pressure means to discharge atomised sprays.
- each spray is substantially parallel to the surfaces 2 and 6 and is directed towards the opening 3 but is not radial to the opening 3.
- the sprays are arranged so that the boundary of one spray overlaps with the boundary of the adjacent sprays so that substantially the entire surface 2 receives droplets of atomised coolant liquid issuing from the nozzles 9.
- the wide-angled flat sprays are used to cover a large surface area and the nozzles are arranged to cause the water droplets to initially travel essentially parallel to the surface in a swirling action. This is achieved for a wide range of water flow rates by the use of the atomising air.
- the action of the sprays draws in additional air through the open parts of the outer edge between the exterior roof surface and the body 6 and the free access of air ensures a good flow of the droplets across the surface 2 and improves the range of the sprays and the heat transfer coefficient between the coolant and the surface to be cooled.
- the entrained air and vapour resulting from evaporation of the coolant leaves the space between the open upper edge 8B of the space.
- the area covered by the water from each nozzle is very large and, if the nozzles were directed at right angles to the surface 2, the area covered by each nozzle would be very considerably reduced and ten to twenty five times as many nozzles would be required for the same cooling capacity.
- Figures 3 and 4 show the nose cone of a basic oxygen furnace.
- the cone consists of a steel shell 12 having an internal lining 14 formed from blocks of refractory material.
- the conical nose section of the shell is surrounded by a slag shedder plate 17 which protects the conical section of the shell from slag and molten metal spilled from the mouth of the vessel and the shedder plates 17 are, in fact, substantially parallel to the outer surface of the shell 12.
- the shedder plates are held in position by struts 18 and the space 19 between the plates 12 and 17 is open at its lower and upper ends.
- a plurality of headers 20 are arranged radially on the nose cone 12 in the space 19 and the headers are connected to a water main 21 and an air main 21 A.
- a plurality of nozzles 22 are provided on each header.
- the spray nozzles are provided with liquid coolant and air under pressure and are arranged to produce a wide-angled spray of atomised droplets, which may initially be generally flat, and the sprays are arranged to extend substantially parallel to the outer surface of the plate 12 and the inner surface of the shedder plate 17.
- the rate at which the droplets are applied to the surface is controlled such that the coolant is vaporised by contact with the hot surface and the surface is not cooled to such an extent that water runs off the surface.
- the boundaries of the sprays are overlapped and the air is used to atomise the water issuing from the sprays so that a mist is caused to move with a swirling action around the space 19.
- the swirling action also has a component in the direction towards the upper end of the plate 12 whereby that swirling vortex moves across the face of the entire plate 12 to its upper edge where the vapour generated as a result of the cooling of the surface leaves the space, along with the entrained air drawn in through the bottom, out through the space at the upper end of the shedder plate.
- control means are provided for determining the temperature of the surface to be cooled and for controlling the flow of water from the nozzles such that adequate cooling is provided but that all the cooling water is vaporised and no water runs off the surface.
- the purpose of the liquid coolant is to cool the hot body but, of course, some of the coolant will contact the additional body and provide a degree of cooling. This is particularly advantageous when the additional body has to be cooled to prevent it from distorting, such as is the case with the slag shedder system on a basic oxygen furnace, or when cooling the barrel of a basic oxygen furnace and the additional body is the trunnion ring which forms part of the furnace suspension system.
- the system is basically fail-safe in that the headers and pipes leading to the nozzles are openended. Thus, in the event of water supply failure, pipework damage, due to rapid expansion experienced during evaporation of the water inside the pipes, etc., is avoided.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to a method of cooling a hot body and to a body which, in use, has to be cooled with liquid coolant. A particular, but not sole, application of the invention is to a method of cooling a part of a vessel for containing molten metal and to such vessels.
- In pyro-metallurgical processes, heat is generated during the smelting, melting, or refining of the metal. The process ingredients are usually confined within a steel vessel which is lined with refractory material in order to protect the steel shell, as far as possible, from the high temperatures used in the process. Nevertheless, the shell usually becomes hot so it is beneficial to provide cooling of at least part of the shell in order that distortion is reduced and the shell material retains sufficient of its strength to operate according to the designer's intentions.
- In recent years, the use of magnesite carbon refractories as the lining material has given a longer working life to the lining, but it has resulted in higher shell temperatures. It is now well recognised in the metallurgical industry that it is extremely dangerous to allow liquid water and liquid metal to come into close proximity to one another because, in the event of a fault occurring, the sudden expansion and vaporisation of water on contact with liquid metal can cause a dangerous explosion.
- It is known from W089/03011 to cool a hot metal body forming part of a vessel containing molten metal by applying droplets of liquid coolant to the outer surface of the body in a controlled manner such that the volume of coolant applied in a given time period does not exceed the volume of coolant which is vaporised by contact with the hot surface in the given time period. In one embodiment described in this document, the shell of a basic oxygen furnace has a slag shedder plate spaced apart from the shell adjacent the mouth of the furnace. Nozzles are located in the space between the shell and the shedder plate and sprays of atomised liquid coolant from the nozzles are directed in normal and overlapping relation onto the surface of the shell.
- According to a first aspect of the present invention, in a method of cooling a hot body having a surface of an additional body arranged substantially parallel to, and spaced from, a surface of the body to be cooled to form a space open to the atmosphere and wherein a quantity of liquid coolant is atomised by a gaseous medium and is discharged in overlapping sprays in the space between the two surfaces so that the entire surface to be cooled receives droplets of atomised coolant liquid, the volume of liquid coolant applied in a given time period being controlled so that it does not exceed the volume of liquid coolant which is vaporised by contact with the surface of the hot body in the given time period, characterised in that the liquid coolant sprays are substantially flat and are directed in the space in directions substantially parallel with the surfaces.
- The liquid coolant is conveniently water and, since the water is applied in the form of fine droplets on to the outer surface of the body to be cooled, cooling by vaporisation takes place. In this way, advantage can be taken of the fact that a much greater quantity of heat can be removed by each unit mass of water employed when it is vaporised than when it remains liquid. As the water is applied at a rate not exceeding the rate at which the water is vaporised by contact with the surface, there is no water remaining to run off the surface being cooled into possible contact with the molten metal contained within the vessel.
- The features of spraying the liquid coolant in flat sprays and in directions substantially parallel with the surface to be cooled means that the water droplets spread over a greater area and uniform cooling of the part of the container can be achieved and only a very few spray nozzles are required in order to bring about the desired cooling as compared with a much greater number of nozzles which are required when the liquid coolant is sprayed substantially at right angles on to the surface to be cooled from nozzles close to the surface.
- The fact that the space between the surfaces is open to the atmosphere permits air to be drawn into the space by the action of the sprays and the air and the sprays achieve a combined flow pattern which disperses the coolant over the entire surface to be cooled.
- According to a second aspect of the invention, a body which, in use, has to be cooled with liquid coolant, said body having an additional body arranged with a surface substantially parallel to, and spaced from, a surface of the body to be cooled to form a space open to the atmosphere, a plurality of nozzles arranged to receive a gaseous medium and a liquid coolant and to discharge the liquid coolant in the form of atomised overlapping sprays of coolant in the space between the two surfaces, so that the entire surface to be cooled receives droplets of atomised coolant liquid, characterised in that the nozzles are arranged to discharge the sprays, which are substantially flat, in directions substantially parallel with the surfaces.
- In use, the amount of liquid coolant applied to the surface of the part of the vessel to be cooled is preferably controlled by means which determines the temperature of the outer surface of the part to be cooled and valve means for controlling the supply of liquid coolant in response to the determined temperature such that the droplets which are applied over a time period on to the surface do not exceed the droplets which are vaporised by contact with the surface during that time period.
- The surface of the body to be cooled is conveniently the roof of the relevant vessel, which further may comprise, e.g. a ladle furnace or an electric arc furnace. In the case of the barrel and trunnion ring of a basic oxygen furnace, both surfaces are cooled. It may also take the form of a fume/flame extraction hood for use during transfer of molten metal from a ladle to a converter vessel.
- In order that the invention may be more readily understood, it will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
- Figure 1 is a plan showing the roof of a ladle furnace;
- Figure 2 is a section on the line X-X of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a perspective view of the nose cone of a basic oxygen furnace; and
- Figure 4 is a section through the nose cone.
- The
roof 1 of a ladle furnace is of annular form and consists of a metal plate 2 having acentral opening 3 and a lining 4 of refractory material attached to the underside of the metal plate. The plate is inclined upwardly from its outer edge towards thecentral opening 3. Electrodes 5 are raised and lowered and enter into the ladle furnace through theopening 3. - In use, the exterior roof surface becomes very hot and its temperature has to be reduced by applying liquid coolant to it. To this end, an additional body 6 in the form of an annular plate is mounted above the said roof surface and a
space 7 is formed between the outer surface of the plate 2 and the inner surface of the body 6. These surfaces are arranged to be substantially parallel but the orientation thereof may be varied, in the event that a physical obstruction is present. Apart fromsupport struts 8, provided at the outer edge of the roof surface and around theopening 3, the sides of thespace 7 are open to atmosphere. A plurality of spray nozzles 9 are located inside thespace 7 adjacent to the outer edge of the roof surface. These spray nozzles are supplied with liquid coolant, usually water, from a ring main 9A and also with air under pressure from apipe 9B and, in use, they provide a wide-angled flat spray of water droplets, indicated by broken lines 10 in Figure 1. Alternatively the spray nozzles could be operated by high pressure means to discharge atomised sprays. - The centre-line of each spray is substantially parallel to the surfaces 2 and 6 and is directed towards the
opening 3 but is not radial to theopening 3. The sprays are arranged so that the boundary of one spray overlaps with the boundary of the adjacent sprays so that substantially the entire surface 2 receives droplets of atomised coolant liquid issuing from the nozzles 9. The wide-angled flat sprays are used to cover a large surface area and the nozzles are arranged to cause the water droplets to initially travel essentially parallel to the surface in a swirling action. This is achieved for a wide range of water flow rates by the use of the atomising air. - The action of the sprays draws in additional air through the open parts of the outer edge between the exterior roof surface and the body 6 and the free access of air ensures a good flow of the droplets across the surface 2 and improves the range of the sprays and the heat transfer coefficient between the coolant and the surface to be cooled. The entrained air and vapour resulting from evaporation of the coolant leaves the space between the open
upper edge 8B of the space. - The area covered by the water from each nozzle is very large and, if the nozzles were directed at right angles to the surface 2, the area covered by each nozzle would be very considerably reduced and ten to twenty five times as many nozzles would be required for the same cooling capacity.
- Figures 3 and 4 show the nose cone of a basic oxygen furnace. The cone consists of a
steel shell 12 having aninternal lining 14 formed from blocks of refractory material. The conical nose section of the shell is surrounded by aslag shedder plate 17 which protects the conical section of the shell from slag and molten metal spilled from the mouth of the vessel and theshedder plates 17 are, in fact, substantially parallel to the outer surface of theshell 12. The shedder plates are held in position bystruts 18 and the space 19 between theplates headers 20 are arranged radially on thenose cone 12 in the space 19 and the headers are connected to a water main 21 and an air main 21 A. A plurality ofnozzles 22 are provided on each header. The spray nozzles are provided with liquid coolant and air under pressure and are arranged to produce a wide-angled spray of atomised droplets, which may initially be generally flat, and the sprays are arranged to extend substantially parallel to the outer surface of theplate 12 and the inner surface of theshedder plate 17. The rate at which the droplets are applied to the surface is controlled such that the coolant is vaporised by contact with the hot surface and the surface is not cooled to such an extent that water runs off the surface. The boundaries of the sprays are overlapped and the air is used to atomise the water issuing from the sprays so that a mist is caused to move with a swirling action around the space 19. The swirling action also has a component in the direction towards the upper end of theplate 12 whereby that swirling vortex moves across the face of theentire plate 12 to its upper edge where the vapour generated as a result of the cooling of the surface leaves the space, along with the entrained air drawn in through the bottom, out through the space at the upper end of the shedder plate. - In all the embodiments of the invention control means are provided for determining the temperature of the surface to be cooled and for controlling the flow of water from the nozzles such that adequate cooling is provided but that all the cooling water is vaporised and no water runs off the surface.
- In most applications, the purpose of the liquid coolant is to cool the hot body but, of course, some of the coolant will contact the additional body and provide a degree of cooling. This is particularly advantageous when the additional body has to be cooled to prevent it from distorting, such as is the case with the slag shedder system on a basic oxygen furnace, or when cooling the barrel of a basic oxygen furnace and the additional body is the trunnion ring which forms part of the furnace suspension system.
- The system is basically fail-safe in that the headers and pipes leading to the nozzles are openended. Thus, in the event of water supply failure, pipework damage, due to rapid expansion experienced during evaporation of the water inside the pipes, etc., is avoided.
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8908997 | 1989-04-20 | ||
GB898908997A GB8908997D0 (en) | 1989-04-20 | 1989-04-20 | Vessels for containing molten metal |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0393970A2 EP0393970A2 (en) | 1990-10-24 |
EP0393970A3 EP0393970A3 (en) | 1990-12-19 |
EP0393970B1 true EP0393970B1 (en) | 1994-07-06 |
EP0393970B2 EP0393970B2 (en) | 1999-03-17 |
Family
ID=10655396
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90304081A Expired - Lifetime EP0393970B2 (en) | 1989-04-20 | 1990-04-17 | Cooling of hot bodies |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0393970B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE108269T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69010380T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2058792T5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB8908997D0 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATA147194A (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1997-11-15 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | METHOD FOR COOLING A HOT SURFACE AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD |
DE19842715A1 (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 1999-04-29 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Process for cooling a surface of a metallurgical vessel |
EP0987494A1 (en) | 1998-09-15 | 2000-03-22 | Asea Brown Boveri AG | Process for cooling a grate of a furnace and grate of a furnace |
CN117490409B (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-03-22 | 河南梦瑶科技有限公司 | Smelting device of high-phosphorus copper alloy |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3027465C1 (en) * | 1980-07-19 | 1982-03-18 | Korf-Stahl Ag, 7570 Baden-Baden | Method and device for cooling vessel parts of a metallurgical furnace, in particular an arc furnace |
GB8722354D0 (en) * | 1987-09-23 | 1987-10-28 | Davy Mckee Stockton | Metallurgical furnace |
US4789991A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1988-12-06 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Cooling system for electric arc furnaces |
US4815096A (en) * | 1988-03-08 | 1989-03-21 | Union Carbide Corporation | Cooling system and method for molten material handling vessels |
-
1989
- 1989-04-20 GB GB898908997A patent/GB8908997D0/en active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-04-17 AT AT90304081T patent/ATE108269T1/en active
- 1990-04-17 DE DE69010380T patent/DE69010380T3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-17 EP EP90304081A patent/EP0393970B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-17 ES ES90304081T patent/ES2058792T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2058792T5 (en) | 1999-08-16 |
ES2058792T3 (en) | 1994-11-01 |
DE69010380T3 (en) | 1999-08-26 |
GB8908997D0 (en) | 1989-06-07 |
EP0393970A3 (en) | 1990-12-19 |
ATE108269T1 (en) | 1994-07-15 |
DE69010380T2 (en) | 1994-11-03 |
EP0393970A2 (en) | 1990-10-24 |
DE69010380D1 (en) | 1994-08-11 |
EP0393970B2 (en) | 1999-03-17 |
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