EP0383184A1 - Method of decreasing the fume emission and the free entry of air in the tap hole region of a blast furnace - Google Patents

Method of decreasing the fume emission and the free entry of air in the tap hole region of a blast furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0383184A1
EP0383184A1 EP19900102432 EP90102432A EP0383184A1 EP 0383184 A1 EP0383184 A1 EP 0383184A1 EP 19900102432 EP19900102432 EP 19900102432 EP 90102432 A EP90102432 A EP 90102432A EP 0383184 A1 EP0383184 A1 EP 0383184A1
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Prior art keywords
blast furnace
reduction
snow
pig iron
region
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EP19900102432
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0383184B1 (en
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Dieter Dr.-Ing. Fünders
Harald Winter
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Intracon Handelsgesellschaft fur Industriebedarf
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Intracon Handelsgesellschaft fur Industriebedarf Mbh
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by Intracon Handelsgesellschaft fur Industriebedarf Mbh, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Intracon Handelsgesellschaft fur Industriebedarf Mbh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/14—Discharging devices, e.g. for slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0037—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 by injecting powdered material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of the patent claim for reducing the dust emission and the free air access in the tapping channel of a blast furnace and, if necessary, the further conveying and decanting devices for the liquid material tapped from the blast furnace until the bed is reached.
  • Liquid nitrogen is cryogenic. This requires extensive safety measures regarding storage and handling. Furthermore, the cooling effect is too intense if very special precautionary measures are not taken. Unfortunately, however, the use of liquid nitrogen also leads to nitriding of the pig iron. However, this has an undesirable influence on the quality of the steel material and runs counter to efforts in the blast furnace and steel sector to strive for an ever lower content of dissolved nitrogen in the future.
  • the invention has for its object to achieve a reduction in dust emissions in the tapping area of a blast furnace up to the casting bed while reducing the free air access and without increasing the metallurgical nitrogen uptake.
  • the invention consists in a method for reducing the dust emission and free air access in the tapping channel of a blast furnace, the subsequent tipping channel, possibly the subsequent torpedo pan or in the area of the pouring bed when emptying the torpedo pan in that CO2 snow and / or CO2 Gas is applied to the liquid pig iron or ferromanganese and / or is introduced into the said channels or vessels before and / or when it comes into contact with the liquid pig iron / ferromanganese.
  • a simple advantageous possibility of applying the CO2 snow or a mixture of CO2 snow and CO2 gas consists in the use of one or more cannons which, in the course of the tapping channel, tipping channel, torpedo pan and / or pouring bed, onto the molten pig iron or the slag can be abandoned.
  • snow-like and gaseous carbonic acid CO2
  • the CO2 snow By feeding snow-like and gaseous carbonic acid (CO2), for example by means of a special cannon, both directly on the tapping side and in several places along the channel, the CO2 snow floats on the slag or pig iron until it enters the tipping channel. Evaporating carbonic acid continuously releases new gaseous carbonic acid, which lowers the partial pressure of harmful atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen.
  • CO2 snow-like and gaseous carbonic acid
  • the pouring jet at the transition of the pig iron from the tapping channel to the tipping channel and also during the transition from the tipping channel to the torpedo pan increases the specific surface area of the pig iron many times over. So far, there has been an inevitable intensification of the oxidation and dust development as well as increased nitriding.
  • the gaseous CO2 displaces the harmful atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen, if at the same time snow-like carbonic acid is added to both the liquid pig iron within the tipping channel and the pouring stream from the pig iron channel to the tipping channel.
  • a combined use of gaseous and snow-like carbonic acid can also bring about a significant improvement in this area, especially if both the casting chamber and the entire casting bed are protected against the free entry of air by releasing CO2 snow or gas.

Abstract

The process according to the invention for reducing the dust emission and free air access in the region of the tapping spout of a blast furnace, in the adjoining rocking runner and, if appropriate, in the region of a torpedo ladle or a casting bed provides according to the invention for the application of CO2 snow and/or CO2 gas to the molten crude iron or ferromanganese in the region of the runners or to the casting jet, and/or for the introduction of CO2 into the said runners or vessels before contact with the molten crude material. The particular advantages of the process are: reduction of dust emission, reduction of nitriding, reduction of the energy costs for de-dusting and reduction of the wear of refractories.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs zur Reduzierung der Staubemission und des freien Luftzutritts im Bereich der Abstichrinne eines Hochofens und ggfs. der weiteren Förder- und Umfülleinrichtungen für das flüssige, vom Hochofen abgestochene Material bis zum Erreichen des Gießbeets.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of the patent claim for reducing the dust emission and the free air access in the tapping channel of a blast furnace and, if necessary, the further conveying and decanting devices for the liquid material tapped from the blast furnace until the bed is reached.

Bisher erfolgt der Abstich eines Hochofens bis zur Einleitung des flüssigen Roheisens/Ferromangans in das Gießbeet bei mehr oder weniger freiem Luftzutritt. Durch den freien Luftzutritt geschieht folgendes:

  • a) Der Luftsauerstoff oxidiert das Roheisen bzw. Ferromangan. Die sich daraus bildenden Oxide steigen als Staub auf und verunreinigen die Luft.
  • b) Durch den Luftsauerstoff verbrennt der durch die Abkühlung des Roheisens freiwerdende Kohlenstoff des Roheisens teilweise.
So far, a blast furnace has been tapped until the molten pig iron / ferromanganese is introduced into the bed with more or less free air access. The following happens through free air access:
  • a) The atmospheric oxygen oxidizes the pig iron or ferromanganese. The resulting oxides rise as dust and contaminate the air.
  • b) The atmospheric oxygen partially burns the carbon of the pig iron released by the cooling of the pig iron.

Um die Verunreinigung der Atmosphäre durch die genannten Einflüsse zu reduzieren, verlangt der Gesetzgeber mit ständig schärferen Auflagen wirksame Umweltschutzmaßnahmen. Um diesen Auflagen zur Umweltschonung zu genügen, wird zur Zeit und normalerweise eine sehr kostspielige und energieintensive Gießhallenentstaubung benötigt. Durch die dazu erforderlichen hohen Absaugleistungen werden jedoch weitere negative Einflußgrößen erzeugt:

  • a1) Die im Abstichbereich erforderlichen hohen Windgeschwindigkeiten kühlen das Roheisen stark ab. Dadurch kommt es zu einer permanenten thermodynamischen Übersättigung des Roheisens mit Kohlenstoff, welcher dann wiederum vermehrt als Staub abgeschieden wird (siehe Punkt b).
  • a2) Die hohen Windgeschwindigkeiten und damit auch die hohen Sauerstoffpotentiale oxidieren den für die Bindung und Wärmeleitung erforderlichen Kohlenstoff des feuerfesten Materials im Abstichbereich des Hochofens. Ein frühzeitiger Verschleiß ist die Folge.
  • a3) Durch die hohen Windgeschwindigkeiten und die damit verbundenen hohen Sauerstoffpotentiale oxidieren das Roheisen und das Ferroman­gan, deren Stäube wiederum verstärkt abgesaugt werden müssen.
In order to reduce the pollution of the atmosphere from the above-mentioned influences, the legislator requires effective environmental protection measures with constantly stricter requirements. In order to meet these environmental protection requirements, a very expensive and energy-intensive dedusting system for the casting hall is currently and normally required. However, the high suction power required for this creates additional negative influencing variables:
  • a1) The high wind speeds required in the tapping area cool the pig iron considerably. This results in permanent thermodynamic oversaturation of the pig iron with carbon, which in turn is then increasingly deposited as dust (see point b).
  • a2) The high wind speeds and thus also the high oxygen potentials oxidize the carbon of the refractory material required for binding and heat conduction in the tapping area of the blast furnace. The result is premature wear.
  • a3) Due to the high wind speeds and the associated high oxygen potential, the pig iron and the ferromanganese oxidize, the dusts of which in turn have to be extracted more intensively.

Um diesen Problemen zu begegnen, ist in einigen Betrieben der Einsatz von flüssigem Stickstoff im Bereich der Abstichrinne bekannt.In order to counter these problems, the use of liquid nitrogen in the tapping area is known in some companies.

Dieses Verfahren hat jedoch folgende Nachteile:However, this method has the following disadvantages:

Flüssiger Stickstoff ist tiefkalt. Dies erfordert umfangreiche Sicherheitsmaßnahmen bezüglich der Lagerung und der Handhabung. Weiterhin tritt eine zu intensive Kühlwirkung ein, wenn nicht ganz besondere Vorsichtsmaßnahmen getroffen werden. Leider führt aber der Einsatz von flüssigem Stickstoff auch zu einer Aufstickung des Roheisens. Dies aber hat eine unerwünschte Einflußwirkung auf die Qualität des Stahlmaterials und läuft Bestrebungen im Hochofen- und Stahlbereich entgegen, in Zukunft einen immer geringeren Gehalt an gelöstem Stickstoff anzustreben.Liquid nitrogen is cryogenic. This requires extensive safety measures regarding storage and handling. Furthermore, the cooling effect is too intense if very special precautionary measures are not taken. Unfortunately, however, the use of liquid nitrogen also leads to nitriding of the pig iron. However, this has an undesirable influence on the quality of the steel material and runs counter to efforts in the blast furnace and steel sector to strive for an ever lower content of dissolved nitrogen in the future.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Reduzierung der Staubemission im Abstichbereich eines Hochofens bis zum Gießbeet zu erreichen unter gleichzeitiger Verminderung des freien Luftzutritts und ohne Erhöhung der metallurgischen Stickstoffaufnahme.The invention has for its object to achieve a reduction in dust emissions in the tapping area of a blast furnace up to the casting bed while reducing the free air access and without increasing the metallurgical nitrogen uptake.

Die Erfindung besteht bei einem Verfahren zur Reduzierung der Staubemission und des freien Luftzutritts im Bereich der Abstichrinne eines Hochofens, der anschließenden Kipprinne, ggfs. der anschließenden Torpedopfanne bzw. im Bereich des Gießbeets beim Ausleeren der Torpedopfanne darin, daß CO₂-Schnee und/oder CO₂-Gas auf das flüssige Roheisen bzw. Ferromangan aufgegeben und/oder in die genannten Rinnen oder Gefäße vor und/oder bei der Berührung mit dem flüssigen Roheisen/Ferromangen eingebracht wird.The invention consists in a method for reducing the dust emission and free air access in the tapping channel of a blast furnace, the subsequent tipping channel, possibly the subsequent torpedo pan or in the area of the pouring bed when emptying the torpedo pan in that CO₂ snow and / or CO₂ Gas is applied to the liquid pig iron or ferromanganese and / or is introduced into the said channels or vessels before and / or when it comes into contact with the liquid pig iron / ferromanganese.

Eine einfache vorteilhafte Möglichkeit der Aufbringung des CO₂-Schnees bzw. eines Gemischs aus CO₂-Schnee und CO₂-Gas besteht in der Verwendung von einer oder mehreren Kanonen, die im Verlauf der Abstichrinne, Kipprinne, Torpedopfanne und/oder Gießbeet auf das flüssige Roheisen bzw. die Schlacke aufgegeben werden können.A simple advantageous possibility of applying the CO₂ snow or a mixture of CO₂ snow and CO₂ gas consists in the use of one or more cannons which, in the course of the tapping channel, tipping channel, torpedo pan and / or pouring bed, onto the molten pig iron or the slag can be abandoned.

Bei Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergeben sich folgende erhebliche Vorteile:The following significant advantages result when using the method according to the invention:

1. Im Bereich der Abstrichrinne(n) (inklusive Eisen- und Schlackenrinne(n)) 1. In the area of the smear channel (s) (including iron and slag channel (s))

Durch Aufgabe von schneeförmiger und gasförmiger Kohlensäure (CO₂) bspw. mittels einer spieziellen Kanone sowohl direkt an der Abstichseite als auch an mehreren Stellen längs der Rinne schwimmt der CO₂-Schnee auf der Schlacke bzw. dem Roheisen bis zum Eintritt in die Kipprinne. Durch die verdampfende Kohlensäure wird immer wieder neue gasförmige Kohlensäure frei, die den Partialdruck an schädlichem Luftsauerstoff und Luftstickstoff senkt. Durch den Einsatz von schneeförmiger Kohlensäure kann der Luftabschluß sehr leicht kontrolliert und den momentanen Gegebenheiten gemäß angepaßt werden.By feeding snow-like and gaseous carbonic acid (CO₂), for example by means of a special cannon, both directly on the tapping side and in several places along the channel, the CO₂ snow floats on the slag or pig iron until it enters the tipping channel. Evaporating carbonic acid continuously releases new gaseous carbonic acid, which lowers the partial pressure of harmful atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen. The use of snow-shaped carbonic acid makes it very easy to control the air exclusion and to adapt it to the current situation.

2. Im Bereich der Kipprinne2. In the area of the tipping channel

Durch den Gießstrahl beim Übergang des Roheisens von der Abstichrinne in die Kipprinne und auch beim Übergang von der Kipprinne in die Torpedopfanne wird die spezifische Oberfläche des Roheisens um ein Vielfaches vergrößert. Hier tritt bisher unvermeidlicherweise eine Intensivierung der Oxidation und Staubentwicklung sowie eine verstärkte Aufstickung ein.
Bei Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens verdrängt das gasförmige CO₂ den schädlichen Luftsauerstoff und Stickstoff, wenn gleichzeitig schneeförmige Kohlensäure sowohl auf das flüssige Roheisen innerhalb der Kipprinne als auch auf den Gießstrahl von der Roheisenrinne zur Kipprinne gegeben wird.The pouring jet at the transition of the pig iron from the tapping channel to the tipping channel and also during the transition from the tipping channel to the torpedo pan increases the specific surface area of the pig iron many times over. So far, there has been an inevitable intensification of the oxidation and dust development as well as increased nitriding.
When using the method according to the invention, the gaseous CO₂ displaces the harmful atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen, if at the same time snow-like carbonic acid is added to both the liquid pig iron within the tipping channel and the pouring stream from the pig iron channel to the tipping channel.

3. Im Bereich der Torpedopfanne3. In the area of the torpedo pan

Durch den Aufprall des Gießstrahls in der Torpedopfanne kommt es zu sehr intensiven Turbulenzen verbunden mit einer sehr großen spezifischen Oberfläche des Roheisen/Ferromanganmaterials. Die Folgen sind ähnlich wie im Bereich der Kipprinne.The impact of the pouring jet in the torpedo pan leads to very intense turbulence combined with a very large specific surface area of the pig iron / ferromanganese material. The consequences are similar to those in the area of the tipping channel.

Wird nun die gesamte Atmosphäre innerhalb der Torpedopfanne durch gasförmiges CO₂ ersetzt, so ist keine oder nur eine geringe Oxidation bzw. Aufstickung möglich. Damit die Atmosphäre auch immer möglichst vollständig aus Kohlensäure besteht, kann schneeförmiges CO₂ als Bodensatz eingegeben werden, um ein CO₂ Reservoir für die Dauer eines Abstichs zu bilden.If the entire atmosphere within the torpedo pan is now replaced by gaseous CO₂, little or no oxidation or nitrification is possible. So that the atmosphere always consists of carbon dioxide as much as possible, snow-shaped CO₂ can be added as sediment to form a CO₂ reservoir for the duration of a tap.

4. Im Bereich des Gießbeets4. In the area of the pouring bed

Die erwähnten intensiven Turbulenzen ergeben sich selbstverständlich auch im Ausgießbereich des Torpedos zum Gießbeet. Da dieser Bereich sich in der Regel an der freien Luft ohne irgendwelche Einrichtungen für den Umweltschutz befindet, entstehen hier sehr lästige, schwer zu kontrollierende Staubentwicklungen. Gerade für diesen Bereich ist mit starken Auflagen seitens des Gesetzgebers in Zukunft zu rechnen, ohne daß bisher eine befriedigende Lösung für das aufgezeigte Problem bekannt wäre.The aforementioned intense turbulence naturally also occurs in the pouring area of the torpedo to the watering bed. Since this area is usually in the open air without any facilities for environmental protection, this creates very annoying, difficult to control dust emissions. In this area in particular, strong regulations from the legislature can be expected in the future, without a satisfactory solution to the problem shown being known to date.

Ein kombinierter Einsatz von gasförmiger und schneeförmiger Kohlensäure kann auch in diesem Bereich eine deutliche Verbesserung bewirken, insbesondere, wenn sowohl die Gießkammer als auch das gesamte Gießbeet durch Aufgabe von CO₂-Schnee bzw. Gas gegen den freien Zutritt von Luft geschützt werden.A combined use of gaseous and snow-like carbonic acid can also bring about a significant improvement in this area, especially if both the casting chamber and the entire casting bed are protected against the free entry of air by releasing CO₂ snow or gas.

5. Reduzierung der Energiekosten5. Reduction of energy costs

Versuche haben gezeigt, daß die bisher erforderliche, sehr aufwendige Gießhallenentstaubung entweder ganz entfallen oder zumindest drastisch reduziert werden kann. Entsprechend können erforderliche Investitionen für vom Gesetzgeber vorgeschriebene Umweltschutzmaßnahmen entweder deutlich geringer ausfallen, oder weitgehend eingespart werden.Experiments have shown that the very costly dedusting of the casting hall that was previously required can either be completely eliminated or at least drastically reduced. Accordingly, required investments for environmental protection measures prescribed by law can either be significantly lower or largely saved.

Durch den kombinierten Einsatz von CO₂-Schnee und CO₂-Gas können also die laufenden Stromkosten der mechanischen Gießhallenentstaubung als auch kostspielige Konstruktionen für Einhausungen oder ähnliches ganz nennenswert reduziert werden. Der Aufwand für die möglicherweise teilweise Anbringung von Absaughauben ist vergleichsweise gering im Vergleich zu den technischen und finanziellen Aufwendungen, die für eine Gießhallenentstaubung einschließlich der bisher bekannten Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung der Kohlenstoffoxidation bzw. unerwünschter Aufstickung aufzubringen sind.Through the combined use of CO₂ snow and CO₂ gas, the current electricity costs of the mechanical casting hall dedusting as well as costly constructions for housings or the like can be significantly reduced. The effort for the possibly partial attachment of suction hoods is comparatively low in comparison to the technical and financial expenses that have to be paid for the dedusting of the casting hall, including the previously known measures for preventing carbon oxidation or undesirable nitrogen nitriding.

6. Reduzierung der metallurgischen Stickstoffaufnahme6. Reduction of metallurgical nitrogen uptake

Wie oben erwähnt, steigt der Anteil derjenigen Stahlsorten, die einen niedrigen Stickstoffgehlat erfordern, ständig. Aus diesem Grunde werden nicht nur im Bereich des Stahlwerks, sondern auch schon im Hochofenbereich intensive Anstrengungen unternommen, um den Stickstoffgehalt des Roheisens zu reduzieren. Wird nun bei Anwendung der Erfindung der Partialdruck des Luftsauerstoffs durch das CO₂ verringert, so ist auch zwangsläufig die Aufstickung geringer.As mentioned above, the proportion of steel grades that require a low nitrogen content is constantly increasing. For this reason, intensive efforts are being made not only in the area of the steel mill, but also in the blast furnace area to reduce the nitrogen content of the pig iron. If the partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen is now reduced by the CO₂ when using the invention, then the nitrification is also necessarily lower.

7. Reduzierung des Feuerfestmaterial-Verschleißes7. Reduction of refractory material wear

Muß durch eine Neuzustellung oder eine Zwischenreparatur ein Hochofen für mehrere Stunden stillgesetzt werden, so bedeutet dies einen starken Produktionsverlust. Eine Verringerung der Reparaturintervalle oder der Stillstandszeiten führt somit zwangsläufig zu einer intensiveren Kapazitätsauslastung ohne nennenswerte Zusatzinvestitionen. Durch den erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Einsatz von schnee-bzw. gasförmiger Kohlensäure wird der Verschleiß des Feuerfest-Materials deutlich reduziert. Die Haltbarkeit der Rinnen steigt und die Stillstandszeiten sinken. Eine deutliche Kapazitätserweiterung ist damit möglich.If a blast furnace has to be shut down for several hours as a result of a new delivery or an intermediate repair, this means a major loss of production. Reducing repair intervals or downtimes inevitably leads to more intensive capacity utilization without any noteworthy additional investments. Due to the use of snow or. Gaseous carbon dioxide significantly reduces the wear on the refractory material. The gutters' durability increases and downtimes decrease. A significant expansion of capacity is possible.

Claims (2)

1. Verfahren zur Reduzierung der Staubemission und des freien Luftzutritts im Bereich der Abstichrinne eines Hochofens, der anschließenden Kipprinne, ggfs. der anschließen­den Torpedopfanne bzw. im Bereich des Gießbeets beim Ausleeren der Torpedopfanne dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß CO₂-Schnee und/oder CO₂-Gas auf das flüssige Rohei­sen/Ferromangan aufgegeben und/oder in die genannten Rinnen/Gefäße vor und/oder bei der Berührung mit dem flüssigen Roheisen/Ferromangan eingebracht wird.1. A method for reducing the dust emission and free air access in the tapping channel of a blast furnace, the subsequent tipping channel, possibly the subsequent torpedo pan or in the area of the pouring bed when emptying the torpedo pan characterized in that CO₂ snow and / or CO₂ gas is applied to the liquid pig iron / ferromanganese and / or is introduced into the said channels / vessels before and / or when it comes into contact with the liquid pig iron / ferromanganese. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der CO₂-Schnee bzw. das CO₂-Gas oder ein Gemisch aus bei­den mittels einer oder mehrerer Kanone(n) auf das flüssige Material aufgebracht wird (wer­den).2. The method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the CO₂ snow or the CO₂ gas or a mixture of both is (are) applied to the liquid material by means of one or more cannons.
EP90102432A 1989-02-14 1990-02-07 Method of decreasing the fume emission and the free entry of air in the tap hole region of a blast furnace Revoked EP0383184B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT9090102432T ATE105588T1 (en) 1989-02-14 1990-02-07 PROCESS FOR REDUCING DUST EMISSION AND FREE AIR ENTRY IN THE TAP AREA OF A BLAST FURNACE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3904415A DE3904415C1 (en) 1989-02-14 1989-02-14
DE3904415 1989-02-14

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EP0383184A1 true EP0383184A1 (en) 1990-08-22
EP0383184B1 EP0383184B1 (en) 1994-05-11

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US (1) US5683652A (en)
EP (1) EP0383184B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02282409A (en)
AT (1) ATE105588T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2010040A1 (en)
DD (1) DD292025A5 (en)
DE (2) DE3904415C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2052985T3 (en)

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AU644694B2 (en) * 1990-10-20 1993-12-16 Klockner Stahl Gmbh Apparatus and method for delivering inert gas into a molten metal transportation vessel
US5343491A (en) * 1991-11-28 1994-08-30 Carbagas And Von Roll Ag Method of suppressing dust and fumes during electric steel production
WO1998021373A2 (en) * 1996-11-08 1998-05-22 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process for reducing fume emissions during molten metal transfer
US9107906B1 (en) 2014-10-28 2015-08-18 Adma Biologics, Inc. Compositions and methods for the treatment of immunodeficiency
US10259865B2 (en) 2017-03-15 2019-04-16 Adma Biologics, Inc. Anti-pneumococcal hyperimmune globulin for the treatment and prevention of pneumococcal infection

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DE102011008894A1 (en) 2011-01-19 2012-07-19 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Method and nozzle for suppressing development of iron containing steam
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AU644694B2 (en) * 1990-10-20 1993-12-16 Klockner Stahl Gmbh Apparatus and method for delivering inert gas into a molten metal transportation vessel
US5286008A (en) * 1990-10-20 1994-02-15 Klockner Stahl Gmbh System for inerting a casting vessel used for transporting molten metal
US5196072A (en) * 1990-12-12 1993-03-23 Liquid Air Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling metal oxide fume generation during subdivision of a body containing metal values
AU641575B2 (en) * 1990-12-12 1993-09-23 Liquid Air Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling metal oxide fume generation during the oxygen-induced subdivision of a body containing metal values
US5343491A (en) * 1991-11-28 1994-08-30 Carbagas And Von Roll Ag Method of suppressing dust and fumes during electric steel production
WO1998021373A2 (en) * 1996-11-08 1998-05-22 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process for reducing fume emissions during molten metal transfer
WO1998021373A3 (en) * 1996-11-08 1998-08-20 Air Liquide Process for reducing fume emissions during molten metal transfer
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CA2010040A1 (en) 1990-08-14
US5683652A (en) 1997-11-04
ATE105588T1 (en) 1994-05-15
DE59005658D1 (en) 1994-06-16
DD292025A5 (en) 1991-07-18
EP0383184B1 (en) 1994-05-11
ES2052985T3 (en) 1994-07-16
DE3904415C1 (en) 1990-04-26

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