EP0380763A1 - Switch for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Switch for motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0380763A1
EP0380763A1 EP89119871A EP89119871A EP0380763A1 EP 0380763 A1 EP0380763 A1 EP 0380763A1 EP 89119871 A EP89119871 A EP 89119871A EP 89119871 A EP89119871 A EP 89119871A EP 0380763 A1 EP0380763 A1 EP 0380763A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
armature
switch housing
contact
release part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89119871A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gmbh Merit-Elektrik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merit Elektrik GmbH
Original Assignee
Merit Elektrik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merit Elektrik GmbH filed Critical Merit Elektrik GmbH
Publication of EP0380763A1 publication Critical patent/EP0380763A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switch for motor vehicles with contact parts which are movable in a switch housing by means of a trigger part relative to fixed contacts and which are arranged on a spring-loaded contact carrier which is displaceable in the switch housing.
  • a trigger part not belonging to the actual switch triggers the intended switching function via a transmission element belonging to the switch, such as a plunger, pin, lever or the like. Since this transmission element belonging to the switch comes into mechanical engagement or mechanical contact with the triggering part which triggers the switching process in order to trigger the circuit, reliable and long-lasting sealing of the electrical part of such a switch is problematic, in particular when there are significant temperature influences.
  • the invention has for its object to design a switch according to the preamble of claim 1 so that all the mechanical operations of the switch required for the electrical switching process can take place without contact with the triggering part within a hermetically sealed switch interior.
  • the movable parts of the switch and the fixed contacts are arranged hermetically sealed in a switch housing which is closed on all sides, and in that the contact carrier is connected to an armature which can be actuated by magnetic force from the outside of the switch housing by means of the triggering part and which is contact-free is acted upon by a compression spring in its rest position.
  • the invention In addition to a completely wear-free indirect actuation of the switch by the release part, the invention also achieves a reliable sealing of all movable switch parts under all occurring operating conditions in a particularly simple manner.
  • the compression spring is arranged in the switch housing between the armature and the triggering part, the contact carrier being able to be displaceably mounted on an actuating pin made of non-magnetic material and firmly connected to the armature against the action of a contact pressure spring.
  • the armature is advantageously a permanent magnet, and the trigger part consists of a soft magnetic material.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in the drawing using a longitudinal section through a switch for motor vehicles.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing is a simple on / off switch 1 for motor vehicles with a switch housing 2 which is closed on all sides and made of a non-magnetic material, for example plastic.
  • the base 3 of the switch 1 is made of non-magnetic material and is hermetically sealed from the switch housing 2 by a sealing ring 4 made of an elastic material, preferably by an O-ring.
  • the switch housing 2 is mechanically firmly and permanently connected to the base 3 in a suitable manner.
  • the base 3 there are connecting plugs 12 with fixed contacts 5 and a contact carrier 6 movable in relation to the fixed contacts 5 in the form of a contact bridge or disk with movable contact parts 6a.
  • the contact carrier 6 is displaceably arranged on an actuating pin 8 made of non-magnetic material, which is firmly connected to the armature 9, and is held by a contact pressure spring 7 in contact with a retaining ring 8 a, which is seated in an annular groove on the actuating pin 8.
  • the contact carrier 6 thereby follows the movements of the actuating pin 8 until it comes into contact with its contact parts 6a on the fixed contacts 5 under the action of the contact pressure spring 7.
  • the armature 9 is under the action of a helical compression spring 10, by means of which it is held in a predetermined rest position in the direction of the base 3, in which the movable contact carrier with the contact parts 6a is lifted off the fixed contacts 5.
  • a trigger part 11 is slidably arranged between a rest position I and a trigger position II shown in broken lines.
  • this release part 11 which does not belong to the actual switch, is brought from its rest position I into the release position II directly in front of the switch housing 2, in which the electrical switching function is to take place, the armature 9 of the switch 1 is activated thereby, overcomes the force of the compression spring 10 and moves in the direction of the triggering part 11.
  • the contact carrier 6 or the contact disk with the movable contact parts 6a is moved in the same direction until the movable contact parts 6a come to rest on the fixed contacts 5 and the movement is thus ended.
  • the circuit is closed until the trigger part 11 is removed from the trigger position II and the switch returns to its rest position.
  • the armature 9 can be a permanent magnet and the trigger part 11 can consist of a soft magnetic material or can also be a permanent magnet.
  • the armature 9 can also consist of a soft magnetic material, and the trigger part 11 can then be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.
  • both a permanent magnet and a part made of soft magnetic material, which come into operative connection with the armature 9 depending on the position of the trigger part 11, can be located on the trigger part 11.

Abstract

There are various fields of application in motor vehicles for mechanically operated switches which must be absolutely sealed against the ingress of gases and liquids. Normally, a release part, which is not part of the actual switch, initiates the intended switching function via a transmission element, which is part of the switch, such as a ram, pin, lever or the like. In consequence, sealing difficulties can arise, especially in the case of significant temperature influences, which can be avoided in a simple manner by the moving parts of the switch (1) and the fixed contacts (5) being arranged hermetically sealed in a switch housing (2) which is closed on all sides and by the contact carrier (6) being connected to an armature, which can be operated in a contact-free manner by magnetic force from the outside of the switch housing (2), by means of the release part (11), which armature is acted on in its quiescent position by a compression spring (10) that is expediently arranged in the switch housing (2) between the armature (9) and the release part (11). In this way, in addition to completely wear-free indirect operation of the switch by the release part (11), reliable sealing of all moving switch parts can be achieved in a particularly simple manner in all operating conditions that may arise. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schalter für Kraftfahrzeuge mit in einem Schaltergehäuse mittels eines Auslöseteiles gegenüber Festkontakten beweglichen Kontaktteilen, die an einem im Schaltergehäuse verschiebbaren federbelasteten Kontaktträger angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a switch for motor vehicles with contact parts which are movable in a switch housing by means of a trigger part relative to fixed contacts and which are arranged on a spring-loaded contact carrier which is displaceable in the switch housing.

In Kraftfahrzeugen gibt es verschiedene Anwendungsbereiche für mechanisch betätigte Schalter, die gegenüber dem Ein­dringen von Gasen und Flüssigkeiten absolut dicht sein müssen. In aller Regel löst ein nicht zum eigentlichen Schalter gehörendes Auslöseteil die beabsichtigte Schalt­funktion über ein zum Schalter gehörendes Übertragungsele­ment, wie einen Stößel, Stift, Hebel oder dergleichen, aus. Da dieses zum Schalter gehörende Übertragungselement in mechanischen Eingriff bzw. mechanische Berührung mit dem den Schaltvorgang auslösenden Auslöseteil kommt, um die Schaltung auszulösen, ist eine zuverlässige und langlebige Abdichtung des elektrischen Teils eines solchen Schalters insbesondere bei wesentlichen Temperatureinflüssen proble­matisch.There are various areas of application for mechanically actuated switches in motor vehicles, which must be absolutely leak-proof against the ingress of gases and liquids. As a rule, a trigger part not belonging to the actual switch triggers the intended switching function via a transmission element belonging to the switch, such as a plunger, pin, lever or the like. Since this transmission element belonging to the switch comes into mechanical engagement or mechanical contact with the triggering part which triggers the switching process in order to trigger the circuit, reliable and long-lasting sealing of the electrical part of such a switch is problematic, in particular when there are significant temperature influences.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Schalter nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 so auszubilden, daß alle für den elektrischen Schaltvorgang erforderlichen mechanischen Abläufe des Schalters ohne Berührung mit dem Auslöseteil innerhalb eines hermetisch abgedichteten Schalterinnenraumes erfolgen können.The invention has for its object to design a switch according to the preamble of claim 1 so that all the mechanical operations of the switch required for the electrical switching process can take place without contact with the triggering part within a hermetically sealed switch interior.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die beweglichen Teile des Schalters und die Festkontakte in einem allseitig geschlossenen Schaltergehäuse hermetisch abgedichtet angeordnet sind, und daß der Kontaktträger mit einem von der Außenseite des Schaltergehäuses mittels des Auslöseteiles durch Magnetkraft berührungsfrei betätigbaren Anker in Verbindung steht, der in seiner Ruhestellung von einer Druckfeder beaufschlagt ist.This object is achieved in that the movable parts of the switch and the fixed contacts are arranged hermetically sealed in a switch housing which is closed on all sides, and in that the contact carrier is connected to an armature which can be actuated by magnetic force from the outside of the switch housing by means of the triggering part and which is contact-free is acted upon by a compression spring in its rest position.

Durch die Erfindung wird neben einer völlig verschleiß­freien indirekten Betätigung des Schalters durch das Aus­löseteil auch eine zuverlässige Abdichtung aller bewegli­chen Schalterteile unter allen vorkommenden Betriebs­bedingungen in besonders einfacher Weise erreicht.In addition to a completely wear-free indirect actuation of the switch by the release part, the invention also achieves a reliable sealing of all movable switch parts under all occurring operating conditions in a particularly simple manner.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Druckfeder im Schal­tergehäuse zwischen Anker und Auslöseteil angeordnet ist, wobei der Kontaktträger auf einem mit dem Anker fest ver­bundenen Betätigungsstift aus nichtmagnetischem Werkstoff gegen die Wirkung einer Kontaktandruckfeder verschiebbar gelagert sein kann. Der Anker ist vorteilhafterweise ein Dauermagnet, und das Auslöseteil besteht aus einem weich­magnetischen Material.It is particularly advantageous if the compression spring is arranged in the switch housing between the armature and the triggering part, the contact carrier being able to be displaceably mounted on an actuating pin made of non-magnetic material and firmly connected to the armature against the action of a contact pressure spring. The armature is advantageously a permanent magnet, and the trigger part consists of a soft magnetic material.

Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung anhand eines Längsschnittes durch einen Schalter für Kraftfahrzeuge schematisch dargestellt.A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in the drawing using a longitudinal section through a switch for motor vehicles.

Bei dem in der Zeichnung gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel han­delt es sich um einen einfachen Ein-/Ausschalter 1 für Kraftfahrzeuge mit einem allseitig geschlossenen Schalter­gehäuse 2 aus einem nichtmagnetischen Werkstoff, zum Bei­spiel Kunststoff. Ebenso wie das Schaltergehäuse 2 ist auch der Sockel 3 des Schalters 1 aus nichtmagnetischem Werk­stoff hergestellt und gegenüber dem Schaltergehäuse 2 durch einen Dichtring 4 aus einem elastischen Material, vorzugs­weise durch einen O-Ring, hermetisch abgedichtet.The exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing is a simple on / off switch 1 for motor vehicles with a switch housing 2 which is closed on all sides and made of a non-magnetic material, for example plastic. Like the switch housing 2, the base 3 of the switch 1 is made of non-magnetic material and is hermetically sealed from the switch housing 2 by a sealing ring 4 made of an elastic material, preferably by an O-ring.

Das Schaltergehäuse 2 ist mit dem Sockel 3 auf geeignete Weise mechanisch fest und dauerhaft verbunden. Im Sockel 3 befinden sich Anschlußstecker 12 mit Festkontakten 5 sowie ein gegenüber den Festkontakten 5 beweglicher Kontaktträ­ger 6 in Form einer Kontaktbrücke oder -scheibe mit beweg­lichen Kontaktteilen 6a.The switch housing 2 is mechanically firmly and permanently connected to the base 3 in a suitable manner. In the base 3 there are connecting plugs 12 with fixed contacts 5 and a contact carrier 6 movable in relation to the fixed contacts 5 in the form of a contact bridge or disk with movable contact parts 6a.

Der Kontaktträger 6 ist auf einem Betätigungsstift 8 aus nichtmagnetischem Material, der mit dem Anker 9 fest ver­bunden ist, verschiebbar angeordnet und wird durch eine Kontaktandruckfeder 7 in Anlage an einem Sicherungsring 8a gehalten, der in einer Ringnut am Betätigungsstift 8 sitzt. Der Kontaktträger 6 folgt dadurch den Bewegungen des Be­tätigungsstiftes 8, bis er mit seinen Kontaktteilen 6a an den Festkontakten 5 unter der Wirkung der Kontaktandruck­feder 7 zur Anlage kommt.The contact carrier 6 is displaceably arranged on an actuating pin 8 made of non-magnetic material, which is firmly connected to the armature 9, and is held by a contact pressure spring 7 in contact with a retaining ring 8 a, which is seated in an annular groove on the actuating pin 8. The contact carrier 6 thereby follows the movements of the actuating pin 8 until it comes into contact with its contact parts 6a on the fixed contacts 5 under the action of the contact pressure spring 7.

Der Anker 9 steht unter der Wirkung einer Schraubendruck­feder 10, durch die er in einer vorbestimmten Ruhestellung in Richtung auf den Sockel 3 gehalten wird, in der der be­wegliche Kontaktträger mit den Kontaktteilen 6a von den Festkontakten 5 abgehoben ist.The armature 9 is under the action of a helical compression spring 10, by means of which it is held in a predetermined rest position in the direction of the base 3, in which the movable contact carrier with the contact parts 6a is lifted off the fixed contacts 5.

An der Außenseite des Schaltergehäuses 2 ist ein Auslöse­teil 11 zwischen einer Ruhestellung I und einer strichpunk­tiert gezeigten Auslösestellung II verschiebbar angeordnet.On the outside of the switch housing 2, a trigger part 11 is slidably arranged between a rest position I and a trigger position II shown in broken lines.

Wird dieses nicht zum eigentlichen Schalter gehörende Aus­löseteil 11 von seiner Ruhestellung I in die Auslösestel­lung II unmittelbar vor dem Schaltergehäuse 2 gebracht, in der die elektrische Schaltfunktion erfolgen soll, so wird der Anker 9 des Schalters 1 hierdurch aktiviert, überwindet die Kraft der Druckfeder 10 und bewegt sich in Richtung auf das Auslöseteil 11. Dabei wird der Kontaktträger 6 bzw. die Kontaktscheibe mit den beweglichen Kontaktteilen 6a in der gleichen Richtung mitbewegt, bis die beweglichen Kon­taktteile 6a an den Festkontakten 5 zur Anlage kommen und damit die Bewegung beendet wird. Der Stromkreis ist so geschlossen, bis das Auslöseteil 11 aus der Auslösestellung II wieder entfernt wird und der Schalter in seine Ruhelage zurückkehrt.If this release part 11, which does not belong to the actual switch, is brought from its rest position I into the release position II directly in front of the switch housing 2, in which the electrical switching function is to take place, the armature 9 of the switch 1 is activated thereby, overcomes the force of the compression spring 10 and moves in the direction of the triggering part 11. The contact carrier 6 or the contact disk with the movable contact parts 6a is moved in the same direction until the movable contact parts 6a come to rest on the fixed contacts 5 and the movement is thus ended. The circuit is closed until the trigger part 11 is removed from the trigger position II and the switch returns to its rest position.

Je nach Funktionsweise kann der Anker 9 ein Dauermagnet sein und das Auslöseteil 11 aus einem weichmagnetischen Material bestehen oder ebenfalls ein Dauermagnet sein. Der Anker 9 kann aber auch aus einem weichmagnetischen Material bestehen, und das Auslöseteil 11 kann dann ein Dauermagnet oder ein Elektromagnet sein.Depending on the mode of operation, the armature 9 can be a permanent magnet and the trigger part 11 can consist of a soft magnetic material or can also be a permanent magnet. The armature 9 can also consist of a soft magnetic material, and the trigger part 11 can then be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.

Außerdem kann sich am Auslöseteil 11 sowohl ein Dauermagnet als auch in entsprechendem Abstand dazu ein Teil aus weich­magnetischem Material befinden, die mit dem Anker 9 je nach Stellung des Auslöseteiles 11 in Wirkverbindung treten.In addition, both a permanent magnet and a part made of soft magnetic material, which come into operative connection with the armature 9 depending on the position of the trigger part 11, can be located on the trigger part 11.

Claims (4)

1. Schalter für Kraftfahrzeuge mit in einem Schaltergehäu­se mittels eines Auslöseteiles gegenüber Festkontakten beweglichen Kontaktteilen, die an einem im Schalterge­häuse verschiebbaren federbelasteten Kontaktträger an­geordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeich­net , daß die beweglichen Teile des Schalters (1) und die Festkontakte (5) in einem allseitig geschlos­senen Schaltergehäuse (2) hermetisch abgedichtet angeordnet sind, und daß der Kontaktträger (6) mit einem von der Außenseite des Schaltergehäuses (2) mittels des Auslöseteiles (11) durch Magnetkraft berührungsfrei betätigbaren Anker in Verbindung steht, der in seiner Ruhestellung von einer Druckfeder (10) beaufschlagt ist.1. Switch for motor vehicles with contact parts movable in a switch housing by means of a trigger part relative to fixed contacts, which are arranged on a spring-loaded contact carrier which is displaceable in the switch housing, characterized in that the movable parts of the switch (1) and the fixed contacts (5) are closed on all sides Switch housing (2) are arranged hermetically sealed, and that the contact carrier (6) is connected to an armature which can be actuated by magnetic force from the outside of the switch housing (2) by means of the triggering part (11) and which is in its rest position by a compression spring (10 ) is applied. 2. Schalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet , daß die Druckfeder (10) im Schaltergehäuse (2) zwischen Anker (9) und Auslöse­teil (11) angeordnet ist.2. Switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the compression spring (10) in the switch housing (2) between the armature (9) and trigger part (11) is arranged. 3. Schalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet , daß der Kontaktträger (6) auf einem mit dem Anker (9) fest verbundenen Betäti­gungsstift (8) aus nichtmagnetischem Werkstoff gegen die Wirkung einer Kontaktandruckfeder (7) verschiebbar gelagert ist.3. Switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the contact carrier (6) on a fixed to the armature (9) actuating pin (8) made of non-magnetic material against the action of a contact pressure spring (7) is slidably mounted. 4. Schalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet , daß der Anker (9) ein Dauermagnet ist, und daß das Auslöseteil (11) aus einem weichmagnetischen Material besteht.4. Switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the armature (9) is a permanent magnet, and that the trigger part (11) consists of a soft magnetic material.
EP89119871A 1989-01-31 1989-10-26 Switch for motor vehicles Withdrawn EP0380763A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19893902726 DE3902726A1 (en) 1989-01-31 1989-01-31 SWITCHES, ESPECIALLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES
DE3902726 1989-01-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0380763A1 true EP0380763A1 (en) 1990-08-08

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ID=6373086

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89119871A Withdrawn EP0380763A1 (en) 1989-01-31 1989-10-26 Switch for motor vehicles

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DE (1) DE3902726A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2357374A (en) * 1999-12-15 2001-06-20 Inertia Switch Ltd Battery cut off switch
DE102021104923A1 (en) 2021-03-02 2022-09-08 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Switching means and on-load tap changer with a switching means

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2966561A (en) * 1959-10-08 1960-12-27 United Mfg Company Magnetic electric switch for games
US3852692A (en) * 1974-02-19 1974-12-03 E Moorman Magnetically operating switch
US4027278A (en) * 1975-05-27 1977-05-31 Giannini Gabriel M Sealed permanent magnet switch
DE3409286A1 (en) * 1984-03-14 1985-09-19 Franz Kirsten Elektrotechnische Spezialfabrik, 6530 Bingen Electrical switch
DE3410698A1 (en) * 1984-03-23 1985-09-26 Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, 8000 München Brake-light switch for motor vehicles

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD81155A (en) *
AT277365B (en) * 1966-08-25 1969-12-29 Ernst Ing Thiele Momentary switch
DE1590371A1 (en) * 1966-10-28 1970-06-04 Olympia Buerosysteme Gmbh Electrical switch with contacts that can be operated by permanent magnets
DE2760268C1 (en) * 1977-03-30 1986-08-21 Wolfgang 6050 Offenbach Lühn Switching power amplifier
US4117431A (en) * 1977-06-13 1978-09-26 General Equipment & Manufacturing Co., Inc. Magnetic proximity device
DE3340419A1 (en) * 1983-11-09 1985-05-15 S. Pfeilschifter GmbH & Co Meß- und Regeltechnik, 7730 Villingen-Schwenningen Magnetically operable contact device
DE3545149A1 (en) * 1985-12-17 1987-08-20 Dietmar Janus Magnetic switch

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2966561A (en) * 1959-10-08 1960-12-27 United Mfg Company Magnetic electric switch for games
US3852692A (en) * 1974-02-19 1974-12-03 E Moorman Magnetically operating switch
US4027278A (en) * 1975-05-27 1977-05-31 Giannini Gabriel M Sealed permanent magnet switch
DE3409286A1 (en) * 1984-03-14 1985-09-19 Franz Kirsten Elektrotechnische Spezialfabrik, 6530 Bingen Electrical switch
DE3410698A1 (en) * 1984-03-23 1985-09-26 Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, 8000 München Brake-light switch for motor vehicles

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2357374A (en) * 1999-12-15 2001-06-20 Inertia Switch Ltd Battery cut off switch
GB2357374B (en) * 1999-12-15 2002-04-10 Inertia Switch Ltd Battery cut-off device and method
DE102021104923A1 (en) 2021-03-02 2022-09-08 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Switching means and on-load tap changer with a switching means

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Publication number Publication date
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