EP0343515A2 - Device for regulating the air input flow rate to an internal combustion engine carburettor - Google Patents
Device for regulating the air input flow rate to an internal combustion engine carburettor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0343515A2 EP0343515A2 EP89108969A EP89108969A EP0343515A2 EP 0343515 A2 EP0343515 A2 EP 0343515A2 EP 89108969 A EP89108969 A EP 89108969A EP 89108969 A EP89108969 A EP 89108969A EP 0343515 A2 EP0343515 A2 EP 0343515A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- engine
- shape memory
- butterfly valve
- memory element
- actuator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
- F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
- F02D41/067—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting with control of the choke
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D31/00—Use of speed-sensing governors to control combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D31/001—Electric control of rotation speed
- F02D31/002—Electric control of rotation speed controlling air supply
- F02D31/003—Electric control of rotation speed controlling air supply for idle speed control
- F02D31/004—Electric control of rotation speed controlling air supply for idle speed control by controlling a throttle stop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M1/00—Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures
- F02M1/08—Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures the means to facilitate starting or idling becoming operative or inoperative automatically
- F02M1/10—Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures the means to facilitate starting or idling becoming operative or inoperative automatically dependent on engine temperature, e.g. having thermostat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/02—Light metals
- F05C2201/021—Aluminium
Definitions
- This latter is constructed of an electrically conducting metal alloy of SME known type such as a beta aluminium bronze, and is able to expand on temperature increase of the engine 2 to selectively assume a plurality of predetermined shapes, depending on its instantaneous temperature.
- the element 20 can lengthen progressively in the direction of the helix axis as its temperature increases beyond ambient.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Means For Warming Up And Starting Carburetors (AREA)
- Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to a device for regulating the air input flow rate to an internal combustion engine carburettor, in particular for the purpose of engine cold-starting.
- It is well known that when cold-starting an internal combustion engine, the air feed duct upstream of the carburettor diffuser must be valved to suitably regulate the air flow rate in such a manner as to form a richer than normal air-petrol mixture in the diffuser. For this purpose, known carburettors are provided with a regulator device, also known as a choke, consisting of a butterfly valve installed upstream of the diffuser, together with control means to adjust the angular position of the butterfly valve. In the simplest carburettors these means are a draw cable operated manually by the vehicle user. In more improved carburettors the closure of the butterfly valve on starting and its progressive opening as the engine heats up are controlled automatically by an actuator consisting of a temperature-sensitive element, usually a wax bulb of high coefficient of thermal expansion which on expanding operates a linkage which causes the butterfly valve situated upstream of the carburettor diffuser to progressively open.
- Manual control devices are clearly of poor efficiency because on the one hand they compel the user to distract his attention from driving while progressively releasing the choke, and on the other hand they do not enable a normal user to apply the necessary precision and reproducibility in the progressive opening of the butterfly valve as the engine heats up. Consequently, engines provided with manually operated chokes usually generate a considerable quantity of unburnt exhaust, with consequent environmental pollution. There is also the danger that, due to an oversight, the choke remains unnecessarily closed when the engine is hot, with consequent greater fuel consumption and the risk of flooding the engine. On the other hand, automatic control devices are very efficient but have the drawback of involving a certain constructional complexity, particularly in terms of the carburettor body, and a considerable overall size. In this respect, to cause the wax bulb to expand as a function of engine temperature, the bulb must be heated by positioning it in contact with the engine cooling liquid. This means that cooling liquid feed and circulation ducts within the carburettor body have to be used from the radiator. In addition, the bulb expansion is usually linear with temperature, whereas the progressive opening of the butterfly valve has to follow a predetermined non-linear relationship. Consequently, complex linkages comprising cams and other such expedients have to be provided for transmitting movement from the wax actuator to the butterfly valve.
- The object of the invention is to provide a choke which is free of the described drawbacks by being of small overall size, of simple construction and assembly, and of automatic operation.
- Said object is attained according to the invention by a device for regulating the air input flow rate to an internal combustion engine carburettor, in particular for the purpose of engine cold- starting, comprising a butterfly valve disposed upstream of the diffuser of said carburettor, elastic opposition means, an actuator operated by engine temperature variation, and mechanical transmission means connecting said actuator, the opposition means and the butterfly valve together in such a manner as to keep this latter normally closed when the engine is cold; characterised in that said actuator comprises a shape memory element (SME) arranged to selectively assume, as a function of its instantaneous temperature, a plurality of predetermined shapes.
- The invention will be more apparent from the non-limiting description of one embodiment thereof given hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawing, which is a diagrammatic partly sectional illustration of a device for regulating the air input flow rate to a carburettor constructed in accordance with the present invention.
- In said drawing, the
reference numeral 1 indicates overall a choke for an internal combustion engine 2 of any type, shown schematically by dashed lines, for regulating the air input flow rate to a carburettor 3, also of known type and represented only in part by dashed lines, for feeding the engine 2. The carburettor 3 is provided with a venturi diffuser 4, upstream of which, with reference to the direction of the feed air flow shown by the arrow, there is disposed a butterfly valve 5 of known type forming part of thedevice 1, the valve plate 6 of which is angularly rotatable about a pin 9 to intercept and constrict anintake duct 8 of the engine 2. The butterfly valve 5, which is shown in its closed position, has its valve plate 6 rotatable in the direction of the arrow, and mobile between the illustrated closed position and an open position, shown by dashed lines, in which the valve plate 6 lies substantially parallel to the feed air flow direction. - In addition to the valve 5, the
device 1 comprises alinear actuator 10 operated by the temperature variation in the engine 2, elastic opposition means for the butterfly valve 5 and defined by aspring 11, and mechanical motion transmission means, defined by a linkage of any type, indicated overall by 12 and connecting together theactuator 10, valve 5 andopposition spring 11 in such a manner as to keep the valve 5 in its closed position when theactuator 10 is inactive, ie when the engine 2 is cold. According to the invention, theactuator 10 comprises acasing 16 which can be formed integrally with the carburettor body 3 or can be fixed onto the outside of this latter, arod 18, adisc 19, ashape memory element 20 in the form of a helical spring, and anopposition spring 21 for theelement 20. This latter is constructed of an electrically conducting metal alloy of SME known type such as a beta aluminium bronze, and is able to expand on temperature increase of the engine 2 to selectively assume a plurality of predetermined shapes, depending on its instantaneous temperature. For example, theelement 20 can lengthen progressively in the direction of the helix axis as its temperature increases beyond ambient. Elements of this type are known and are able to vary their dimensions to a considerable extent non-linearly for just a few degrees of temperature fluctuation, as the dimension variations are produced by actual discrete variations of the element's shape which occur not on account of thermal expansion but on account of the so-called "shape memory" phenomenon by which if the element is initially formed into different shapes at different temperatures by mechanical coaction, it automatically reassumes these shapes at the same temperatures if left free to do so, this phenomenon being related to martensitic phase transitions which occur in the crystalline structure of the element itself. Consequently, theelement 20 is able to act as both sensor and actuator element simultaneously. According to a further characteristic of the invention, theelement 20 can be formed in one piece from a single homogeneous alloy or can be formed by joining together several portions orsubelements 20a, each of which consists of an SME alloy of different rated thermal sensitivity. This second method makes theelement 20 resulting from joining togetherseveral portions 20a more sensitive, and if desired it enables anoverall element 20 to be obtained having a linear or nearly linear relationship between elongation and temperature. - According to the invention, the
element 20 is directly exposed to the heat radiated by the engine 2 and is mounted between afixed shoulder 25 and a mobile shoulder defined by thedisc 19, against which thespring 21 acts in the opposite direction to the direction of elongation of theelement 20, thespring 21 being mounted between themobile shoulder 19 and a second fixedshoulder 26 distant from 25 but rigid with it. Therod 18 rigidly carries amobile stop 28 for said transmission means 12, against which these latter are kept constantly cooperating by theopposition spring 11. Specifically, the transmission means 12 are formed according to the invention in such a manner as to cause the butterfly valve 5 to open progressively as a consequence of the expansion (elongation) of theelement 20, and comprise, in this non-limiting example given purely for purposes of illustration, two rocker levers 30 and 31 pivoted on acommon pin 32 parallel to the pin 9 and connected angularly together elastically by aspring 32a which is in the form of a flat spiral spring. Thelever 31 is connected to the valve plate 6 by a connectingrod 33, and thelever 30, under the thrust of thespring 11, cooperates with thestop 28 by way of a knownadjustment screw 34. According to a preferred embodiment of the device, thedevice 1 also comprises a known vacuum pull-down 35 for thecarburettor 1 comprising apneumatic actuator 37, for example carried rigidly by thelever 30, and connected in known manner to a vacuum source within the engine 2, such as theduct 8 upstream of the valve 5, and anadjustable rod 38 the movement of which is controlled by theactuator 37 and which cooperates radially with that end of thelever 31 distant from that connected to the valve 5 so as to cause the levers to rotate relative to each other by a predetermined amount against the action of thespring 32a, with the result that as any rotation of thelever 30 is blocked by thestop 28 against which it is kept by thespring 11, thelever 31 is caused to rotate in the direction of the arrow and open the butterfly valve 5 by a predetermined amount. - It is in any event clear that, in accordance with a further non-illustrated embodiment, the
linkage 12 can be of different type and thespring 11 can be of the same type as thespring 32a and be mounted on the pin 9 to act directly against the valve plate 6 of the valve 5, and cooperate with the transmission means 12 only by entrainment, provided that thespring 11 is able to operate themeans 12 in such a direction as to cause the valve 5 to open, while following thestop 28 which is mobile together with thedisc 19 along the axis of the helix of theelement 20. In the illustrated example, the temperature of this latter does not derive directly from the heat emitted by the engine 2, but is instead controlled with high accuracy, and in accordance with a relationship which can be varied at will, by a control centre, for example of electronic type. In this case thedisc 19 and fixedshoulder 25 cooperate in a fluid-tight manner with the interior of thecasing 16, to define within this latter a chamber 16a sealed in a fluid-tight manner and internally housing both theelement 20 and a fluid (water, oil or the like) which completely fills the chamber 61a. Thecontrol centre 40 is arranged to feed an electric current through theelement 20 or through said fluid if conducting, by way ofrespective electrodes 41 connected to the respective opposite ends of theelement 20 or dipping into the fluid which fills the chamber 16a, the current intensity being such as to heat theelement 20 and said fluid in the chamber 16a to the desired temperature by the Joule effect. This temperature is determined by the suitably programmedcontrol centre 40 in accordance with the temperature of the engine 2, and in particular the temperature of theengine head 50 and of the oil contained in thegearbox 51, these being measured by atemperature sensor 42 disposed on theengine head 50 and atemperature sensor 43 disposed in anoil channel 52 of thegearbox 51. At the same time, the presence of said fluid filling the chamber 16a, and in which theelement 20 is immersed, protects it from any thermal disturbances caused by the progressive heating of the engine 2, and/or from the cooling produced by the atmospheric air to which the SME can be exposed during the running of a vehicle which carries thedevice 1 fitted to its engine 2. - The operation of the described
device 1 is as follows. When the engine 2 is started from cold, theelement 20 is contracted into the shape shown on the accompanying drawing, so that thespring 21, which is preloaded such as to generate a force greater than thespring 11, keeps thestop 28 in a predetermined end-of-travel position. Thelever 30, which under the action of thespring 11 would tend to rotate on thepin 32 in the direction of the arrow so as to drag (by way of thespring 32a) thelever 31 into rotation in the direction which through the connectingrod 31 would cause the valve 5 to open, is instead blocked against thestop 28 which is kept at rest by thespring 21, and thus the valve remains closed. As soon as the engine 2 has started, a vacuum is created in theduct 8 and operates theactuator 37 to cause therod 38 to extend and thelever 31 to consequently rotate against the action of thespring 32a relative to thelever 30, which remains at rest against thestop 28. This rotation of thelever 31 is limited but is sufficient to produce a predetermined opening of the valve 5. Consequently the valve plate 6 rotates a few degrees towards the position shown by dashed lines, to reduce the vacuum in the diffuser 4 and thus prevent flooding of the carburettor 3. As the engine 2 heats up, theelement 20 is also heated either by direct radiation or, as in the illustrated example, by the current flowing through it (or through the fluid which fills the chamber 16a) from thecontrol centre 40. Consequently theSME 20 reaches its transition temperature and begins to change shape, in the given example it becoming longer so that the winding pitch of its turns increases. Each temperature progressively reached by theelement 20 causes it to assume a corresponding predetermined length. Consequently, themobile shoulder 19 is urged towards the fixedshoulder 26 against the action of thespring 21, to move thestop 28. Thus under the thrust of thespring 11 thelever 30 rotates in the direction of the arrow to follow thestop 30, with which it remains in constant cooperation, to cause rotation of thelever 31 and consequent progressive opening of the valve 5. With the engine hot theelement 20 completes its expansion, to move thestop 28 into a position which gives complete opening of the valve 5 (valve plate 56 in the position shown by dashed lines). When the engine 2 is turned off it cools progressively, as does theelement 20 which consequently shortens. Theshoulder 19 is therefore returned towards theshoulder 21, so moving thestop 28 and causing thelever 30 to rotate in the opposite direction to the preceding, against the action of thespring 11, with consequent progressive closure of the valve 5 until thedevice 1 returns to its initial state when the engine 2 is cold. - The advantages of the invention are apparent from the aforegoing description. In particular, the use of an SME as actuator gives a device which does not require ducts through which the engine cooling liquid is fed for its operation, and does not require complicated linkages for obtaining a predetermined relationship governing the opening of the valve 5, as this relationship is defined by the chemical composition of the alloy from which the SME is constructed and by the shapes originally given to it during its manufacture, and which can be further manipulated by controlling the temperature of the
element 20 electrically. Consequently the device according to the invention is of considerable constructional simplicity, low cost and small overall size.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT5318388U | 1988-05-27 | ||
IT5318388U IT214591Z2 (en) | 1988-05-27 | 1988-05-27 | DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE INTAKE AIR FLOW RATE IN A CARBURETOR OF AN ENDOTHERMAL ENGINE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0343515A2 true EP0343515A2 (en) | 1989-11-29 |
EP0343515A3 EP0343515A3 (en) | 1990-06-13 |
Family
ID=11280641
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89108969A Withdrawn EP0343515A3 (en) | 1988-05-27 | 1989-05-18 | Device for regulating the air input flow rate to an internal combustion engine carburettor |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0343515A3 (en) |
IT (1) | IT214591Z2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0691468A3 (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 1996-06-05 | Deere & Co | Temperature adjusting automatic choke system |
FR2732650A1 (en) * | 1995-04-04 | 1996-10-11 | Id Ingenierie | Shape memory device for speed regulation of motor vehicle |
DE10006231A1 (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2001-08-30 | Siemens Ag | Actuator for internal combustion engine exhaust gas system does not require external power supply, is very cheap to manufacture and requires little space - has shape memory alloy element suitable for high temp. that exerts setting or control function depending on temp. of exhaust gas |
EP1724452A1 (en) * | 2005-05-11 | 2006-11-22 | Magneti Marelli Powertrain S.p.A. | A tumble system for the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine with an actuator made with shape memory material |
DE10106724B4 (en) * | 2001-02-14 | 2007-12-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device for decoupling an actuator from a transmission |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0029789A1 (en) * | 1979-11-23 | 1981-06-03 | Societe Industrielle De Brevets Et D'etudes S.I.B.E. | Carburettor comprising an auxiliary starting device |
JPS56165798A (en) * | 1980-05-23 | 1981-12-19 | Hitachi Ltd | Air bleed device for axial flow compressor |
JPS588254A (en) * | 1981-07-03 | 1983-01-18 | Nippon Carbureter Co Ltd | Choke device in carburettor |
US4700682A (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1987-10-20 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel vapor control device |
JPS63215844A (en) * | 1987-03-05 | 1988-09-08 | Mikuni Kogyo Co Ltd | Throttle valve control device for engine |
-
1988
- 1988-05-27 IT IT5318388U patent/IT214591Z2/en active
-
1989
- 1989-05-18 EP EP89108969A patent/EP0343515A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0029789A1 (en) * | 1979-11-23 | 1981-06-03 | Societe Industrielle De Brevets Et D'etudes S.I.B.E. | Carburettor comprising an auxiliary starting device |
JPS56165798A (en) * | 1980-05-23 | 1981-12-19 | Hitachi Ltd | Air bleed device for axial flow compressor |
JPS588254A (en) * | 1981-07-03 | 1983-01-18 | Nippon Carbureter Co Ltd | Choke device in carburettor |
US4700682A (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1987-10-20 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel vapor control device |
JPS63215844A (en) * | 1987-03-05 | 1988-09-08 | Mikuni Kogyo Co Ltd | Throttle valve control device for engine |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 13006 (M-781) 9th January 1989; & JP-A-63 215 844 (MIKUNI KOGYO CO. LTD.) 08-09-1988 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 6050 (M-120) 3rd March 1982; & JP-A-56 165 798 (HITACHI LTD) 19-12-1981 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 7, no. 81 (M-205)[1226] 5th April 1983; & JP-A-58 008 254 (NIHON KIKAKI SEISAKUSHO K.K.) 18-01-83 * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0691468A3 (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 1996-06-05 | Deere & Co | Temperature adjusting automatic choke system |
AU682590B2 (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 1997-10-09 | Deere & Company | Temperature adjusting automatic choke system |
FR2732650A1 (en) * | 1995-04-04 | 1996-10-11 | Id Ingenierie | Shape memory device for speed regulation of motor vehicle |
DE10006231A1 (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2001-08-30 | Siemens Ag | Actuator for internal combustion engine exhaust gas system does not require external power supply, is very cheap to manufacture and requires little space - has shape memory alloy element suitable for high temp. that exerts setting or control function depending on temp. of exhaust gas |
DE10106724B4 (en) * | 2001-02-14 | 2007-12-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device for decoupling an actuator from a transmission |
EP1724452A1 (en) * | 2005-05-11 | 2006-11-22 | Magneti Marelli Powertrain S.p.A. | A tumble system for the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine with an actuator made with shape memory material |
US7823558B2 (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2010-11-02 | Magneti Marelli Powertrain S.P.A. | Tumble system for the intake manifold of an internal-combustion engine provided with an actuator made with shape-memory material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT214591Z2 (en) | 1990-05-09 |
IT8853183V0 (en) | 1988-05-27 |
EP0343515A3 (en) | 1990-06-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4550693A (en) | Temperature control arrangement for combustion engine | |
US3752133A (en) | Multiple heat automatic choke | |
US3291462A (en) | Carburetors comprising an automatic auxiliary starting device | |
EP0343515A2 (en) | Device for regulating the air input flow rate to an internal combustion engine carburettor | |
CA1044968A (en) | Carburetor automatic choke construction | |
US1170730A (en) | Automatic temperature-regulator for explosion-engines. | |
US4848652A (en) | Vehicle engine coolant system and method of making the same | |
US4031872A (en) | Thermostatic automatic choke control for small engines | |
US3185453A (en) | Carburetors | |
US3863614A (en) | Thermostatic automatic choke control for small engines | |
US4353340A (en) | Fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines | |
US4081499A (en) | Carburetor with electric heating type autochoke device | |
GB2104594A (en) | Shape memory effect i.e. engine air intake temperature control | |
US4369755A (en) | Air control device | |
US2926895A (en) | Automatic choke improvement | |
US4331615A (en) | Fuel supply system with automatic choke | |
US4245608A (en) | Idling control apparatus for internal combustion engine | |
US1471510A (en) | Radiator shutter control | |
US2855152A (en) | Thermostatically controlled fluid valve | |
US2970825A (en) | Automatic choke | |
JPH0128286Y2 (en) | ||
DE2125828A1 (en) | Internal combustion engine with an idle controller | |
US2092297A (en) | Carburetor and control means therefor | |
US4237078A (en) | Carburetor choke control | |
US3058727A (en) | Automatic choke |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB SE |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: CARNIO, ANDREA Inventor name: MANFRE', GIOVANNI |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19901203 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19920306 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19920717 |