EP0340820A1 - Elektrolyseur - Google Patents

Elektrolyseur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0340820A1
EP0340820A1 EP89200914A EP89200914A EP0340820A1 EP 0340820 A1 EP0340820 A1 EP 0340820A1 EP 89200914 A EP89200914 A EP 89200914A EP 89200914 A EP89200914 A EP 89200914A EP 0340820 A1 EP0340820 A1 EP 0340820A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
electrodes
electrode
nickel
electrolyser according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89200914A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Heinz Wüllenweber
Jürgen Borchardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Publication of EP0340820A1 publication Critical patent/EP0340820A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C25B9/77—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having diaphragms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrolyzer with geometrically connected individual cells, each consisting of two metallic partition walls on both sides with spacing profiles to the next cells, a diaphragm arranged between the partition walls and spaced electrodes on both sides of the diaphragm, with openings provided with the openings to the diaphragm facing spacer profiles of the associated partition are connected with contact formation.
  • a plurality of individual cells consisting of an electrode pair connected to the neighboring cell by a metallic, preferably waffle-like, completely nickel-plated sheet metal wall, which is separated by a plate-shaped diaphragm, are electrically and geometrically connected in series.
  • the partitions are inserted in an annular metallic frame.
  • a nickel-plated and activated steel wire mesh or a wire mesh made entirely of nickel is placed on each anode and cathode side of each metallic partition as an electrode and pressed onto the dome tips of the waffle-like profile of the partition via the counterelectrode.
  • An asbestos plate is inserted as a diaphragm in the space formed by the electrodes.
  • Each partition works bipolar, ie it carries a cathode on one side and an anode on the other side.
  • the gases developed on the electrodes flow upwards in the space between the electrode and the partition and are discharged from there (Lurgi quick information D 1073 November 1981 "Hydrogen from water", Eigenverlag Frankfurt 1981).
  • the streamlines therefore reach through the openings in the electrode on its rear side.
  • the number of openings required for this reduces the effective electrode area by 20 to 30%, the streamlines are unnecessarily long and the concentration compensation of the electrolyte, for example formed from 25% potassium hydroxide solution, is restricted in the diaphragm, since the electrolyte exchange is hindered.
  • the energy loss can be so great that it completely compensates for the energy gain that can be achieved by the spaced arrangement of the electrodes.
  • there is an increased risk of local corrosion and / or overheating and thus the risk of destruction of the diaphragm if the electrode arrangement is spaced apart and is generally connected to a thickness of the diaphragm of 0.2 to at most 0.5 mm. with the result of a short circuit of the electrodes of a cell, which can eventually lead to the collapse of a whole series of cells by melting the metallic cell parts.
  • Such local short circuits can include are triggered by small metallic particles that were accidentally enclosed between the electrode and the diaphragm during the construction of the cells and pressed into it. Small manufacturing errors in the manufacture of the diaphragms and / or electrodes can also lead to local corrosion, breakdown of the diaphragm and short circuit of the electrodes.
  • networks of insulating material are known, which are arranged as spacers between electrodes and the metallic diaphragm in order to effect electrical insulation in the sense of the task.
  • Such networks disadvantageously impede the flow of the electrolyte-gas bubble mixture and the electrolyte exchange.
  • spacing elements which are firmly connected to the electrodes are inserted into the intermediate space formed by the electrode and the diaphragm and consist of a non-metallic, high-melting hard material.
  • the space formed by the diaphragm and the electrode has a width of at least 0.3 to 3.0 mm.
  • oxide-ceramic materials such as Aluminum, nickel and zirconium oxide
  • existing spacer elements retain their shape in the event of a short circuit despite extremely high temperatures, possibly up to the melting temperature of the electrodes, and fulfill their function as spacers in the event of deformation of the electrodes and / or the metallic partition walls, so that the short circuit cannot expand.
  • An electrode thickness of 0.15 to 0.40 mm and a diaphragm thickness of 0.15 to 1.0 mm have proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • the spacers in cooperation with the spring-elastic electrode, fix the exact position of the diaphragm and thus prevent fluttering movements that lead to long-term destruction of the diaphragm, ie they considerably increase its service life.
  • a thin nickel mesh as a supporting structure with layers of porous oxide-ceramic materials sintered onto it, such as Nickel oxide, existing diaphragm proven.
  • a plastic film as the diaphragm.
  • electrodes made of a nickel carrier layer and a diaphragm-side by cold roll cladding of a powder mixture of carbonyl nickel powder and Raney alloy powder, which is sintered and subsequently catalytically activated has been found to be particularly useful, using a skeleton structure made of nickel material with catalyst material embedded therein insoluble component of the Raney alloy.
  • Optimal coordination of the individual elements of each cell is achieved if the metallic dividing walls formed from waffle sheets are arranged congruently one behind the other and the spacer elements of one electrode are inserted in each case opposite the tips connected to the counterelectrode. In this way, both the electrodes and the partition walls of different potential are kept at a distance. Due to the large number of contact points between the electrodes and the partition walls, it is possible to use comparatively thin-walled and at the same time elastic electrodes which have a low electrode current at the usual operating current between 1 and 10 kA / m2 Voltage drop of only a few millivolts and thus low energy loss for the current distribution from the contact points of the electrodes with the partition walls result.
  • the arrangement of the electrodes according to the invention results in a turbulent upward flow of the developed gas between the electrode and the diaphragm, which brings about the effect of good concentration and temperature equalization in the electrolyte, which is equally important for the cell voltage and the durability of the diaphragm.
  • the spacer elements are expediently designed in such a way that they have a small flow resistance to the upward flow of the electrolyte-gas bubble mixture and the downstream electrolyte, in order not to impair the advantageous strong, upward-directed turbulent flow.
  • the invention is shown in the drawing by way of example as a partial cross section through a construction of a bipolar single cell, which is explained in more detail below.
  • the cell (1) is closed from both sides by a completely nickel-plated sheet metal walls (2, 3) that have a waffle-like profile and are inserted into an annular frame (not shown).
  • Thin sheets (8, 9) provided with openings (6, 7) for the passage of the developed gas, are placed on the crests (4, 5) of the sheet metal walls (2, 3) as electrodes and welded to them.
  • the electrodes (8, 9) are separated from one another by the plate-shaped diaphragm (10).
  • the counterelectrode (9) or (8) each has an opening (11) or (12) into which a spacer element formed from aluminum oxide (13) or (14) is pressed in, so that there is a defined distance between the diaphragm (10) and the electrodes (8, 9).
  • the electrodes (15, 16) connected to the sheet metal walls (2, 3) form part of the neighboring cells.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
EP89200914A 1988-05-05 1989-04-12 Elektrolyseur Withdrawn EP0340820A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3815266A DE3815266A1 (de) 1988-05-05 1988-05-05 Elektrolyseur
DE3815266 1988-05-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0340820A1 true EP0340820A1 (de) 1989-11-08

Family

ID=6353668

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89200914A Withdrawn EP0340820A1 (de) 1988-05-05 1989-04-12 Elektrolyseur

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5013418A (no)
EP (1) EP0340820A1 (no)
JP (1) JPH01316482A (no)
BR (1) BR8902098A (no)
DE (1) DE3815266A1 (no)
NO (1) NO171645C (no)
ZA (1) ZA893332B (no)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0456295A1 (de) * 1990-05-09 1991-11-13 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Elektrolyseur
DE4101420A1 (de) * 1990-09-03 1992-03-05 Xueming Zhang Vorrichtung zur wasserelektrolyse
US5384208A (en) * 1992-03-13 1995-01-24 Deutsche Aerospace Ag Cell structure for electrolyzer units and fuel cells
WO2000022192A1 (fr) * 1998-10-13 2000-04-20 Toagosei Co., Ltd. Procede de reduction de la charge dans une electrode de diffusion de gaz et structure reduisant la charge
WO2001034282A1 (fr) * 1999-11-11 2001-05-17 Solvay (Societe Anonyme) Caisson d'extremite d'un electrodialyseur, electrodialyseur comprenant un tel caisson d'extremite et procede d'electrodialyse

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5229977A (en) * 1992-06-17 1993-07-20 Southwest Research Institute Directional underwater acoustic pulse source
GB9224372D0 (en) * 1992-11-20 1993-01-13 Ici Plc Electrolytic cell and electrode therefor
JP2000192276A (ja) * 1998-12-25 2000-07-11 Asahi Glass Co Ltd 複極型イオン交換膜電解槽
US7034402B1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2006-04-25 Intel Corporation Device with segmented ball limiting metallurgy
US7901549B2 (en) * 2006-12-06 2011-03-08 General Electric Company Gas evolving electrolysis system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2600345A1 (de) * 1976-01-07 1977-07-21 H T Hydrotechnik Gmbh Nach art von filterpressen gebauter elektrolyseapparat
US4158085A (en) * 1978-01-31 1979-06-12 Yardney Electric Corporation Electrode with separator beads embedded therein
US4194961A (en) * 1978-09-29 1980-03-25 Erco Industries Limited Electrode spacer element
EP0056503A2 (de) * 1981-01-15 1982-07-28 Metallgesellschaft Ag Wasserelektrolyseur der Filterpressenbauart
EP0206032A1 (de) * 1985-06-12 1986-12-30 Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh Elektrolyseur mit Diaphragma-Elektroden-Sandwichanordnung und dafür geeignete Montageeinrichtung

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1080919A (en) * 1965-03-27 1967-08-31 David J Evans Res Ltd Improvements in electrolytic apparatus
US3975255A (en) * 1974-02-27 1976-08-17 Olin Corporation Inter-electrode spacing in diaphragm cells
US4013537A (en) * 1976-06-07 1977-03-22 The B. F. Goodrich Company Electrolytic cell design
US4560461A (en) * 1982-04-08 1985-12-24 Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Electrolytic cell for use in electrolysis of aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions
US4568439A (en) * 1984-06-05 1986-02-04 J. A. Webb, Inc. Electrolytic cell having improved inter-electrode spacing means
US4732660A (en) * 1985-09-09 1988-03-22 The Dow Chemical Company Membrane electrolyzer

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2600345A1 (de) * 1976-01-07 1977-07-21 H T Hydrotechnik Gmbh Nach art von filterpressen gebauter elektrolyseapparat
US4158085A (en) * 1978-01-31 1979-06-12 Yardney Electric Corporation Electrode with separator beads embedded therein
US4194961A (en) * 1978-09-29 1980-03-25 Erco Industries Limited Electrode spacer element
EP0056503A2 (de) * 1981-01-15 1982-07-28 Metallgesellschaft Ag Wasserelektrolyseur der Filterpressenbauart
EP0206032A1 (de) * 1985-06-12 1986-12-30 Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh Elektrolyseur mit Diaphragma-Elektroden-Sandwichanordnung und dafür geeignete Montageeinrichtung

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0456295A1 (de) * 1990-05-09 1991-11-13 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Elektrolyseur
DE4101420A1 (de) * 1990-09-03 1992-03-05 Xueming Zhang Vorrichtung zur wasserelektrolyse
US5384208A (en) * 1992-03-13 1995-01-24 Deutsche Aerospace Ag Cell structure for electrolyzer units and fuel cells
WO2000022192A1 (fr) * 1998-10-13 2000-04-20 Toagosei Co., Ltd. Procede de reduction de la charge dans une electrode de diffusion de gaz et structure reduisant la charge
US6372102B1 (en) 1998-10-13 2002-04-16 Toagosei Co., Ltd. Method for reducing charge in gas diffusing electrode and its charge reducing structure
WO2001034282A1 (fr) * 1999-11-11 2001-05-17 Solvay (Societe Anonyme) Caisson d'extremite d'un electrodialyseur, electrodialyseur comprenant un tel caisson d'extremite et procede d'electrodialyse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8902098A (pt) 1989-12-05
DE3815266A1 (de) 1989-11-16
NO891816D0 (no) 1989-05-02
NO891816L (no) 1989-11-06
ZA893332B (en) 1991-01-30
US5013418A (en) 1991-05-07
NO171645B (no) 1993-01-04
NO171645C (no) 1993-04-14
JPH01316482A (ja) 1989-12-21

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