EP0330953B1 - Powder-actuated fastening tool - Google Patents
Powder-actuated fastening tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0330953B1 EP0330953B1 EP89102883A EP89102883A EP0330953B1 EP 0330953 B1 EP0330953 B1 EP 0330953B1 EP 89102883 A EP89102883 A EP 89102883A EP 89102883 A EP89102883 A EP 89102883A EP 0330953 B1 EP0330953 B1 EP 0330953B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- barrel
- stop
- fastening tool
- nail
- bore
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
- B25C1/00—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices
- B25C1/08—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure
- B25C1/10—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure generated by detonation of a cartridge
- B25C1/18—Details and accessories, e.g. splinter guards, spall minimisers
- B25C1/182—Feeding devices
- B25C1/184—Feeding devices for nails
Definitions
- the invention relates to a powder-powered setting tool with a barrel, a guide box projecting laterally from the barrel for a nail strip that can be fed into the barrel bore through a lateral insertion opening of the barrel and is spring-loaded in the feed direction.
- a powder-powered setting tool is known, the bore of which is fed a nail strip on the mouth side through an insertion opening, consisting of a carrier and nails held therein.
- the nail strip is slidably mounted in a guide box projecting laterally from the barrel and is acted upon by a spring on the longitudinal side via a slide mounted in the guide box for the feed.
- a driving piston which can be displaced in the barrel bore, the nail supplied to the barrel bore is separated from the carrier and driven into a subsurface.
- the spring and the slide To load the guide box with a new nail strip or to remove a partially used nail strip from the guide box, the spring and the slide must be brought out of the way of the guide box, which leads to complex handling.
- the invention has for its object to provide a setting tool of the type mentioned that allows easy loading and unloading with loading strips.
- the object is achieved in that, diametrically to the barrel bore, opposite the insertion opening, a loading opening is provided in the barrel which essentially corresponds to the longitudinal projection of the nail strip, in the projection of which a stop can be pushed in radially up to at most the contour of the barrel bore.
- the loading opening allows nail strips to be inserted into the guide box while passing through the bore hole, the insertion being carried out against the force of the spring in the guide box. Nail strips can also be removed when the stop is disengaged.
- the spring ensures automatic ejection. After a nail strip has been pushed in completely, the stop is engaged and thus holds the nail strip in the correct position against the force of the spring, ie the nail that is in the feed direction of the nail strip is in the axis of the barrel bore.
- This device design is suitable for nail strips, the carriers of which each consist of a nail-holding section, which are separated from the rest of the nail strip together with the respective nail by means of the driving piston. Nail strips can also be used, from whose support the nails are ejected.
- the barrel advantageously has a stop means supporting the stop in the engaged position.
- the stop means designed, for example, as a wall part of the barrel, the engagement movement of the stop is limited and the engagement position is reliably maintained.
- the stop is preferably arranged on a pivot lever mounted on the barrel. This arrangement of the stop permits a construction of the device area accommodating the barrel which is compressed in the longitudinal direction of the barrel.
- the pivot lever is expediently designed with two arms, one arm having the stop and the other arm having a support shoulder for the stop means.
- the swivel lever thus fulfills a double function in that in one swivel position the support shoulder is engaged against the contour of the barrel bore and the support shoulder is removed from the stop means in the other swivel position lies and the stop is outside the projection of the loading opening. To release the loading opening, the stop can move into the barrel bore by swiveling the swivel lever.
- a spring means which drives the stop in the engaged position is preferably provided. Against its force, the spring means allows the stop to be disengaged by pivoting the pivot lever when a nail strip is inserted through the loading opening into the device. After the nail strip has been pushed in completely, it releases the stop for returning to the engaged position, the return taking place automatically with the aid of the spring means.
- the spring means holds the swivel lever in this position under the cooperation of the support shoulder with the barrel-side stop means.
- the setting tool shown in Fig. 1 has a housing 1 with a side handle 1a and a trigger 1b.
- a barrel 2 with a barrel bore 2a protrudes from the housing 1.
- a drive piston 3, which is indicated in the rear position, is mounted in the barrel bore 2a and can be displaced in a manner known per se by powder force towards the mouth of the barrel 2.
- a laterally projecting guide box 4 is firmly inserted.
- the inside of the guide box 4 opens into an insertion opening 2b passing through the wall of the barrel 2.
- a slide 5 is arranged in the guide box 4, which is acted upon by a spring 6 to the bore 2a.
- the spring 6 is supported, facing away from the slide 5, on the wall of the guide box 4.
- the insertion opening 2b is opposite a loading opening 2c diametrically to the barrel bore 2a.
- a pivot lever 7 is pivotally mounted about a bearing pin 8.
- One arm of the pivot lever 7 is formed with the free end as a stop 7a.
- a second arm of the pivot lever 7 carries a support shoulder 7b which cooperates with a stop means 2e in the form of a nose on the barrel 2.
- a spring means 9 in the form of a torsion spring holds the swivel lever 7 with the stop 7a in the position according to FIG. 1 which is pushed into the loading opening 2c up to the contour of the barrel bore 2a.
- a nail strip 11 is inserted into the guide box 4.
- This consists of guide bushes 11a, which are connected to one another via burstable webs 11b.
- a nail 11c is located in each guide bush 11a.
- the nail strip 11 is displaceably guided in the longitudinal direction in the guide box 4 and is pressed by the slide 5 against the stop 7a, as is shown in FIG. 1 by an arrow.
- a nail 11c fed in this way to the running bore 2a is held coaxially to the running bore by the stop 7a.
- the driving piston 3 By actuating the setting tool, the driving piston 3 runs against the nail 11c located in the barrel bore 2a and drives this, while separating the associated guide bushing 11a from the remaining part of the nail strip 11, through the mouth of the barrel 2 into an underground. After returning the driving piston 3, the spring-loaded slide 5 brings the remaining nail strip 11 into contact with the stop 7a for the next setting process.
- FIG. 2 shows the insertion of a nail strip 11, as indicated by an arrow, through the loading opening 2c into the setting tool.
- the swivel lever 7 pivoted against the force of the spring means 9 according to the rotary arrow and thereby brought the stop 7a out of the projection of the loading opening 2c.
- the insertion-side end of the nail strip 11 runs against the slide 5 and brings it into the tensioned position against the force of the spring 6.
- the pivot lever 7, driven by the spring means 9 reaches the position shown in FIG. 1 with the stop 7a engaged.
- Any removal of a nail strip 11 from the setting tool is also carried out by actuating the pivot lever 7 according to FIG. 2.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein pulverkraftbetriebenes Setzgerät mit einem Lauf, einem vom Lauf seitlich abragenden Führungskasten für einen der Laufbohrung durch eine seitliche Einführöffnung des Laufes zuführbaren, in Zuführrichtung federbelasteten Nagelstreifen.The invention relates to a powder-powered setting tool with a barrel, a guide box projecting laterally from the barrel for a nail strip that can be fed into the barrel bore through a lateral insertion opening of the barrel and is spring-loaded in the feed direction.
Aus der DE-C-23 14 920 ist ein pulverkraftbetriebenes Setzgerät bekannt, dessen Laufbohrung mündungsseitig durch eine Einführöffnung ein Nagelstreifen, bestehend aus einem Träger und darin gehaltenen Nägeln, zugeführt wird. Der Nagelstreifen ist in einem vom Lauf seitlich abragenden Führungskasten verschiebbar gelagert und wird für den Vorschub längsseitig über einen im Führungskasten gelagerten Schieber von einer Feder beaufschlagt. Mittels eines in der Laufbohrung verschiebbaren Treibkolbens wird der jeweils der Laufbohrung zugeführte Nagel vom Träger getrennt und in einen Untergrund eingetrieben.From DE-C-23 14 920 a powder-powered setting tool is known, the bore of which is fed a nail strip on the mouth side through an insertion opening, consisting of a carrier and nails held therein. The nail strip is slidably mounted in a guide box projecting laterally from the barrel and is acted upon by a spring on the longitudinal side via a slide mounted in the guide box for the feed. By means of a driving piston which can be displaced in the barrel bore, the nail supplied to the barrel bore is separated from the carrier and driven into a subsurface.
Zum Beschicken des Führungskasten mit einem neuen Nagelstreifen oder zum Entnehmen eines teilweise aufgebrauchten Nagelstreifens aus dem Führungskasten, muss die Feder und der Schieber aus der Bahn des Führungskastens gebracht werden, was zu einer aufwendigen Handhabung führt.To load the guide box with a new nail strip or to remove a partially used nail strip from the guide box, the spring and the slide must be brought out of the way of the guide box, which leads to complex handling.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Setzgerät der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, das ein einfach handhabbares Beschicken mit und Entnehmen von Ladestreifen erlaubt.The invention has for its object to provide a setting tool of the type mentioned that allows easy loading and unloading with loading strips.
Erfindungsgemäss wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass diametral zur Laufbohrung, der Einführöffnung gegenüberliegend, im Lauf eine im wesentlichen der Längsprojektion des Nagelstreifens entsprechende Ladeöffnung vorgesehen ist, in deren Projektion ein Anschlag radial bis höchstens zur Kontur der Laufbohrung einrückbar ist.According to the invention, the object is achieved in that, diametrically to the barrel bore, opposite the insertion opening, a loading opening is provided in the barrel which essentially corresponds to the longitudinal projection of the nail strip, in the projection of which a stop can be pushed in radially up to at most the contour of the barrel bore.
Die Ladeöffnung erlaubt bei ausgerücktem Anschlag das Einschieben von Nagelstreifen unter Durchqueren der Laufbohrung durch die Einführöffnung hindurch in den Führungskasten, wobei das Einschieben gegen die Kraft der Feder im Führungskasten erfolgt. Ebenso können Nagelstreifen bei ausgerücktem Anschlag entnommen werden. Die Feder sorgt dabei für ein automatisches Ausstossen. Nach dem vollständigen Einschieben eines Nagelstreifens wird der Anschlag eingerückt und hält so den Nagelstreifen gegen die Kraft der Feder in funktionsrichtiger Position, dh es befindet sich der in Zuführrichtung des Nagelstreifens jeweils vorderste Nagel in der Achse der Laufbohrung.When the stop is disengaged, the loading opening allows nail strips to be inserted into the guide box while passing through the bore hole, the insertion being carried out against the force of the spring in the guide box. Nail strips can also be removed when the stop is disengaged. The spring ensures automatic ejection. After a nail strip has been pushed in completely, the stop is engaged and thus holds the nail strip in the correct position against the force of the spring, ie the nail that is in the feed direction of the nail strip is in the axis of the barrel bore.
Diese Geräteausbildung ist für Nagelstreifen geeignet, deren Träger aus jeweils einen Nagel haltenden Abschnitten bestehen, die mit Hilfe des Treibkolbens zusammen mit dem jeweiligen Nagel vom Rest des Nagelstreifens abgetrennt werden. Ebenso können Nagelstreifen verwendet werden, aus deren Träger die Nägel ausgestossen werden.This device design is suitable for nail strips, the carriers of which each consist of a nail-holding section, which are separated from the rest of the nail strip together with the respective nail by means of the driving piston. Nail strips can also be used, from whose support the nails are ejected.
Mit Vorteil weist der Lauf ein den Anschlag in eingerückter Stellung abstützendes Anschlagmittel auf. Durch das beispielsweise als Wandungsteil des Laufes ausgebildete Anschlagmittel wird die Einrückbewegung des Anschlages begrenzt und die Einrückstellung zuverlässig eingehalten.The barrel advantageously has a stop means supporting the stop in the engaged position. By means of the stop means designed, for example, as a wall part of the barrel, the engagement movement of the stop is limited and the engagement position is reliably maintained.
Der Anschlag ist vorzugsweise an einem am Lauf gelagerten Schwenkhebel angeordnet. Diese Anordnung des Anschlages erlaubt eine in Längserstreckung des Laufes gedrängte Bauweise des diesen aufnehmenden Gerätebereiches.The stop is preferably arranged on a pivot lever mounted on the barrel. This arrangement of the stop permits a construction of the device area accommodating the barrel which is compressed in the longitudinal direction of the barrel.
Zweckmässig ist der Schwenkhebel zweiarmig ausgebildet, wobei der eine Arm den Anschlag und der andere Arm eine Stützschulter für das Anschlagmittel aufweist. Der Schwenkhebel erfüllt somit Doppelfunktion, indem in der einen Schwenkstellung unter Anlage der Stützschulter am Anschlagmittel der Anschlag zur Kontur der Laufbohrung eingerückt ist und in der anderen Schwenkstellung die Stützschulter vom Anschlagmittel entfernt liegt und sich der Anschlag ausserhalb der Projektion der Ladeöffnung befindet. Zur Freigabe der Ladeöffnung kann der Anschlag unter Schwenken des Schwenkhebels in die Laufbohrung ausweichen.The pivot lever is expediently designed with two arms, one arm having the stop and the other arm having a support shoulder for the stop means. The swivel lever thus fulfills a double function in that in one swivel position the support shoulder is engaged against the contour of the barrel bore and the support shoulder is removed from the stop means in the other swivel position lies and the stop is outside the projection of the loading opening. To release the loading opening, the stop can move into the barrel bore by swiveling the swivel lever.
Vorzugsweise ist ein den Anschlag in eingerückte Stellung treibendes Federmittel vorgesehen. Das Federmittel erlaubt gegen dessen Kraft das Ausrücken des Anschlages durch Schwenken des Schwenkhebels beim Einschieben eines Nagelstreifens durch die Ladeöffnung in das Gerät. Nach dem vollständigen Einschieben des Nagelstreifens gibt dieser den Anschlag zum Rückführen in die eingerückte Stellung frei, wobei das Rückführen mit Hilfe des Federmittels automatisch erfolgt. Das Federmittel hält den Schwenkhebel unter Zusammenwirken der Stützschulter mit dem laufseitigen Anschlagmittel in dieser Stellung.A spring means which drives the stop in the engaged position is preferably provided. Against its force, the spring means allows the stop to be disengaged by pivoting the pivot lever when a nail strip is inserted through the loading opening into the device. After the nail strip has been pushed in completely, it releases the stop for returning to the engaged position, the return taking place automatically with the aid of the spring means. The spring means holds the swivel lever in this position under the cooperation of the support shoulder with the barrel-side stop means.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand einer Zeichnung, die ein Ausführungsbeispiel wiedergibt, näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- ein Setzgerät, teilweise im Längsschnitt, mit eingesetztem Nagelstreifen;
- Fig. 2
- den Vorderbereich des Setzgerätes nach Fig. 1, mit teilweise eingeschobenem Nagelstreifen.
- Fig. 1
- a setting tool, partly in longitudinal section, with inserted nail strips;
- Fig. 2
- 1, with the nail strip partially inserted.
Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Setzgerät weist ein Gehäuse 1 mit einem seitlichen Handgriff 1a und einem Trigger 1b auf. Aus dem Gehäuse 1 ragt ein Lauf 2 mit einer Laufbohrung 2a. In der Laufbohrung 2a ist ein andeutungsweise in hinterer Stellung erkennbarer Treibkolben 3 gelagert und in an sich bekannter Weise durch Pulverkraft zur Mündung des Laufes 2 hin verschiebbar. In den Lauf 2 ist ein seitlich abragender Führungskasten 4 fest eingesetzt. Das Innere des Führungskasten 4 mündet in eine die Wandung des Laufes 2 durchsetzende Einführöffnung 2b. Im Führungskasten 4 ist ein Schieber 5 angeordnet, der von einer Feder 6 zur Laufbohrung 2a hin beaufschlagt ist. Die Feder 6 stützt, sich vom Schieber 5 abgewandt, an der Wandung des Führungskasten 4 ab.The setting tool shown in Fig. 1 has a housing 1 with a
Diametral zur Laufbohrung 2a liegt der Einführöffnung 2b eine Ladeöffnung 2c gegenüber. In einer schlitzförmigen Ausnehmung 2d des Laufes 2 ist ein Schwenkhebel 7 um einen Lagerbolzen 8 schwenkbar gelagert. Ein Arm des Schwenkhebels 7 ist mit dem freien Ende als Anschlag 7a ausgebildet. Ein zweiter Arm des Schwenkhebels 7 trägt eine Stützschulter 7b, welche mit einem als Nase ausgebildeten Anschlagmittel 2e am Lauf 2 zusammenwirkt. Ein als Drehfeder ausgebildetes Federmittel 9 hält den Schwenkhebel 7 mit dem Anschlag 7a in der bis zur Kontur der Laufbohrung 2a in die Ladeöffnung 2c eingerückten Stellung gemäss Fig. 1.The insertion opening 2b is opposite a loading opening 2c diametrically to the
In den Führungskasten 4 ist ein Nagelstreifen 11 eingesetzt. Dieser besteht aus Führungsbüchsen 11a, die über berstbare Stege 11b miteinander verbunden sind. In jeder Führungsbüchse 11a sitzt ein Nagel 11c. Der Nagelstreifen 11 ist im Führungskasten 4 in dessen Längserstreckung verschiebbar geführt und wird von dem Schieber 5 gegen den Anschlag 7a gedrückt, wie dies in Fig. 1 durch einen Pfeil verdeutlicht ist. Ein auf diese Weise der Laufbohrung 2a zugeführter Nagel 11c wird vom Anschlag 7a koaxial zur Laufbohrung gehalten.A
Durch Betätigen des Setzgerätes läuft der Treibkolben 3 gegen den in der Laufbohrung 2a befindlichen Nagel 11c und treibt diesen unter Abtrennen der zugehörigen Führungsbüchse 11a vom restlichen Teil des Nagelstreifens 11 durch die Mündung des Laufes 2 hindurch in einen Untergrund. Nach dem Zurückführen des Treibkolbens 3 bringt der federbelastete Schieber 5 den restlichen Nagelstreifen 11 für den nächsten Setzvorgang wieder in Anlage zum Anschlag 7a.By actuating the setting tool, the driving piston 3 runs against the
Die Fig. 2 zeigt das Einschieben eines Nagelstreifens 11, wie durch einen Pfeil angedeutet, durch die Ladeöffnung 2c hindurch in das Setzgerät. Hierzu wird der Schwenkhebel 7 gegen die Kraft des Federmittels 9 gemäss Drehpfeil geschwenkt und dadurch der Anschlag 7a aus der Projektion der Ladeöffnung 2c gebracht. Das einschieberichtungsseitige Ende des Nagelstreifens 11 läuft gegen den Schieber 5 und bringt diesen gegen die Kraft der Feder 6 in Spannstellung. Sobald der Nagelstreifen 11 den Anschlag 7a passiert hat, gelangt der Schwenkhebel 7, angetrieben durch das Federmittel 9, in die der Fig. 1 entnehmbare Stellung mit eingerücktem Anschlag 7a.FIG. 2 shows the insertion of a
Ein allfälliges Entnehmen eines Nagelstreifens 11 aus dem Setzgerät erfolgt ebenso durch ein Betätigen des Schwenkhebels 7 entsprechend Fig. 2.Any removal of a
Claims (5)
- Explosively actuated fastening tool comprising a barrel (2), a guide box (4), which projects laterally from the barrel (2), for a strip of nails (11), which is to be fed to the barrel bore (2a) via a lateral feed aperture (2b) of the barrel (2) and which is springloaded in the feed direction, characterised in that diametrally to the barrel bore (2a) and opposite the feed aperture (2b) is provided in the barrel (2) a loading aperture (2c), which substantially corresponds with the longitudinal projection of the strip of nails (11) and into the projection of it is radially engaging a stop (7a) up to the contour of the barrel bore (2a).
- Fastening tool according to claim 1, characterised in that the barrel (2) has a stopper (2e) which supports the stop (7a) in an engaged position.
- Fastening tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the stop (7a) is arranged on a pivot lever (7) which is barrel mounted.
- Fastening tool according to claim 3, characterised in that the pivot arm (7) has two arms, and that the one arm comprises the stop (7a) and the other arm a support shoulder (7b) for the stopper (2e).
- Fastening tool according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised by a spring means (9) which drives the stop (7a) into an engaged position.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3806625A DE3806625A1 (en) | 1988-03-02 | 1988-03-02 | POWDER POWERED SETTING DEVICE |
| DE3806625 | 1988-03-02 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0330953A2 EP0330953A2 (en) | 1989-09-06 |
| EP0330953A3 EP0330953A3 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
| EP0330953B1 true EP0330953B1 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
Family
ID=6348557
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89102883A Expired - Lifetime EP0330953B1 (en) | 1988-03-02 | 1989-02-20 | Powder-actuated fastening tool |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4932580A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0330953B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2641939B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3806625A1 (en) |
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| DE4122873A1 (en) * | 1991-07-11 | 1993-01-14 | Hilti Ag | POWDER-POWERED SETTING UNIT WITH MAGAZINE FOR FASTENING ELEMENTS |
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| DE19517230A1 (en) * | 1995-05-15 | 1996-11-21 | Hilti Ag | Powder-powered setting tool with magazine for fasteners |
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| DE19602789A1 (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1997-07-31 | Hilti Ag | Nail strips for setting tool |
| US7111767B2 (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 2006-09-26 | Simpson Strong-Tie Company, Inc. | Power actuated fastener system |
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| DE19950349B4 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2006-07-27 | Hilti Ag | Setting tool for fastening elements |
| US6779700B2 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2004-08-24 | National Nail Corp. | Cap assembly and cap feeder for automatic fastener driver |
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| US3910324A (en) * | 1974-04-29 | 1975-10-07 | Duo Fast Corp | Rotary entry fastener driving tool |
| US4136810A (en) * | 1977-10-27 | 1979-01-30 | Advance Nailing Tools, Inc. | Automatic nailer gun and magazine |
| US4610381A (en) * | 1984-08-30 | 1986-09-09 | Senco Products, Inc. | Drywall tool |
| DE3608146A1 (en) * | 1986-03-12 | 1987-09-17 | Hilti Ag | POWDER POWERED SETTING DEVICE |
-
1988
- 1988-03-02 DE DE3806625A patent/DE3806625A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-02-20 DE DE8989102883T patent/DE58903193D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-02-20 EP EP89102883A patent/EP0330953B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-02-28 JP JP1045525A patent/JP2641939B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-03-02 US US07/317,856 patent/US4932580A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH01252374A (en) | 1989-10-09 |
| DE3806625A1 (en) | 1989-09-14 |
| EP0330953A3 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
| US4932580A (en) | 1990-06-12 |
| JP2641939B2 (en) | 1997-08-20 |
| EP0330953A2 (en) | 1989-09-06 |
| DE58903193D1 (en) | 1993-02-18 |
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