EP0325701A1 - Antenna structure - Google Patents

Antenna structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0325701A1
EP0325701A1 EP88117439A EP88117439A EP0325701A1 EP 0325701 A1 EP0325701 A1 EP 0325701A1 EP 88117439 A EP88117439 A EP 88117439A EP 88117439 A EP88117439 A EP 88117439A EP 0325701 A1 EP0325701 A1 EP 0325701A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
antenna
conducting
heat
electromagnetic wave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88117439A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0325701B1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Dr.-Ing. Zahn
Günter Dr.-Ing. Helwig
Hans-Wolfgang Dr. rer. nat. Schröder
Christian Dipl.-Ing. Borgwardt
Albert Dipl.-Ing. Braig
Kay Dipl.-Ing. Dittrich
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Dornier GmbH
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Dornier GmbH
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Publication of EP0325701A1 publication Critical patent/EP0325701A1/en
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Publication of EP0325701B1 publication Critical patent/EP0325701B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/02—Arrangements for de-icing; Arrangements for drying-out ; Arrangements for cooling; Arrangements for preventing corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array

Definitions

  • the weight factor is of crucial importance for aerospace applications.
  • high dimensional stability is always required for both applications. This means that the antenna must be resistant to deformation against loads (aerodynamic loads, acceleration at start), against low-frequency vibrations or the thermal loads that occur in space.
  • the integration of elements that conduct electromagnetic waves can relate, for example, to the field of low-frequency currents.
  • An example of this are feed lines. These are realized by embedding conductive wires or conductive strips in or on the structures made of non-conductive plastic.
  • An advantage is the elimination of additional weights due to insulation and connecting elements.
  • the integration can also be carried out to such an extent that entire parts of the supporting structure are designed as electronic boards. This can be done, for example, by producing the relevant structural parts from non-conductive high-performance fibers such as SiC, aramid or PE.
  • the conductor tracks and fastenings of the components can be carried out using customary techniques.
  • the advantage is, in turn, the additional weight savings due to the elimination boards.
  • signal lines can be made by embedding the line together with an insulating jacket in a CFRP structure.
  • the insulation is designed, for example, as a load-bearing element with a reinforcement made of non-conductive fibers.
  • the structure can be, for example, like a coaxial cable or like a waveguide. If the screening effect of the CFRP is not sufficient, the insulation can be done, for example, with metallized fibers with high high-frequency conductivity, whereby these fibers can also be designed to be load-bearing.
  • electromagnetic wave guiding elements can also relate to the optical wave range.
  • own fiber optic cables as optical signal lines are superfluous.
  • this is done by embedding the signal-carrying glass fiber in the structure, which consists of fiber-reinforced plastics.
  • the implementation can be facilitated, for example, by incorporating the glass fiber into rovings or fabric made from the supporting fibers. Again, additional weight due to the sheaths of the glass fiber cable is advantageously eliminated.

Abstract

A supporting structure (4) of an active antenna (8) for aviation or space applications, consisting of fibre-reinforced plastic with elements conducting heat and/or elements (9, 10, 11, 12) conducting electromagnetic waves being integrated into the supporting structure (4). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine tragende Struktur einer Antenne für Luft- und Raumfahrtanwendungen, insbesondere für eine aktive Mikrowellenantenne aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff.The invention relates to a supporting structure of an antenna for aerospace applications, in particular for an active microwave antenna made of fiber-reinforced plastic.

Für Luft- und Raumfahrtanwendungen kommt dem Faktor des Gewichts eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Für beiden An­wendungen ist daneben stets eine hohe Dimensionsstabilität gefordert. Das heißt, die Antenne muß gegenüber den Lasten (aerodynamische Lasten, Beschleunigung beim Start), gegen­über niederfrequenten Schwingungen oder den thermischen Be­lastungen, wie sie im Weltall auftreten, verformungsstabil sein.The weight factor is of crucial importance for aerospace applications. In addition, high dimensional stability is always required for both applications. This means that the antenna must be resistant to deformation against loads (aerodynamic loads, acceleration at start), against low-frequency vibrations or the thermal loads that occur in space.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine faserverstärkte tragende Struktur zu schaffen, die es erlaubt, eine dimen­sionsstabile Antenne, insbesondere eine aktive Antenne, noch leichter zu bauen als bisher.The object of the invention is therefore to create a fiber-reinforced supporting structure which allows a dimensionally stable antenna, in particular an active antenna, to be built even more easily than before.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Inte­gration vom wärmeleitenden und/oder elektromagnetische Wellen leitenden Elementen in die tragende Struktur.This object is achieved according to the invention by integrating heat-conducting and / or electromagnetic wave-conducting elements into the supporting structure.

Ausführungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstände von Unteran­ sprüchen.Embodiments of the invention are subjects of Unteran sayings.

Die Integration wärmeleitender Schichten in die tragende Struktur kann dadurch erfolgen, daß wärmeleitende Schich­ten, die ebenfalls aus faserverstärkten Materialen wie CFK bestehen, in die tragende Struktur integriert werden oder diese bilden. Die bisher üblichen wärmeabführenden Elemente, wie Wärmerohre, Dopplerbleche oder Strahlungs­flächen entfallen, wodurch Gewicht gespart wird. Durch breite Versteifungsstege und durchgehende Fasern wird die Wärmeleitung erhöht. Eine Verteilung "heißer" Bauteile über die ganze Antennenfläche fördert die Abstrahlung bei rela­tiv gleichmäßiger Temperatur. Durch Beschichtung mit Ther­mallack kann der Wärmeaustausch durch Strahlung innerhalb der hohlen Räume zwischen den Stegen vergrößert werden.The integration of heat-conducting layers in the supporting structure can take place by integrating or forming heat-conducting layers, which likewise consist of fiber-reinforced materials such as CFRP, in the supporting structure. The previously usual heat-dissipating elements, such as heat pipes, Doppler plates or radiation surfaces, are no longer required, which saves weight. The heat conduction is increased by wide stiffening webs and continuous fibers. A distribution of "hot" components over the entire antenna area promotes radiation at a relatively uniform temperature. By coating with thermal lacquer, the heat exchange by radiation within the hollow spaces between the webs can be increased.

Die Integration von Elementen, die elektromagnetische Wellen leiten, kann sich zum Beispiel auf das Gebiet der niederfrequenten Ströme beziehen. Ein Beispiel dafür sind Speiseleitungen. Diese werden realisiert durch Einbettung von leitfähigen Drähten oder von leitfähigen Streifen in oder auf die aus nichtleitendem Kunststoff bestehenden Strukturen. Als Vorteil ist der Wegfall von Zusatzgewich­ten durch Isolation und Verbindungselemente zu nennen. Die Integration kann auch so weit geführt werden, daß ganze Teile der tragenden Struktur als Elektronikplatinen ausge­führt werden.
Dies kann zum Beispiel dadurch erfolgen, daß die relevanten Strukturteile aus nichtleitenden Hochleistungsfasern wie zum Beispiel SiC, Aramid oder PE hergestellt werden. Die Leiterbahnen und Befestigungen der Bauelemente können mit üblichen verfügbaren Techniken erfolgen. Der Vorteil ist wiederum die Gewichtsersparnis durch den Wegfall zusätz­ licher Platinen.
Ein weiteres Beispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Integration ist der Einbau von hochfrequenz-leitenden Strukturen in die tragende Struktur. So können zum Beispiel Signalleitungen durch Einbettung der Leitung samt einer isolierenden Um­hüllung in eine CFK-Struktur erfolgen. Die Isolierung wird zum Beispiel als mittragendes Element mit einer Verstärkung aus nichtleitenden Fasern ausgelegt. Der Aufbau kann zum Beispiel wie ein Koaxkabel oder wie ein Hohlleiter sein. Falls die Abschirmwirkung des CFK nicht ausreicht, kann die Isolierung zum Beispiel mit metallisierten Fasern hoher Hochfrequenzleitfähigkeit erfolgen., wobei diese Fasern auch wieder mittragend ausgelegt werden können.The integration of elements that conduct electromagnetic waves can relate, for example, to the field of low-frequency currents. An example of this are feed lines. These are realized by embedding conductive wires or conductive strips in or on the structures made of non-conductive plastic. An advantage is the elimination of additional weights due to insulation and connecting elements. The integration can also be carried out to such an extent that entire parts of the supporting structure are designed as electronic boards.
This can be done, for example, by producing the relevant structural parts from non-conductive high-performance fibers such as SiC, aramid or PE. The conductor tracks and fastenings of the components can be carried out using customary techniques. The advantage is, in turn, the additional weight savings due to the elimination boards.
Another example of an integration according to the invention is the installation of high-frequency conductive structures in the supporting structure. For example, signal lines can be made by embedding the line together with an insulating jacket in a CFRP structure. The insulation is designed, for example, as a load-bearing element with a reinforcement made of non-conductive fibers. The structure can be, for example, like a coaxial cable or like a waveguide. If the screening effect of the CFRP is not sufficient, the insulation can be done, for example, with metallized fibers with high high-frequency conductivity, whereby these fibers can also be designed to be load-bearing.

Ein weiteres Beispiel für die Integration ist zum Beispiel der Einbau eines gehäuselosen Gerätes, wie eines Senders oder Empfängers, in ein durch die Struktur gebildetes abge­schlossenes Fach, dessen Innenseite mit einer dünnen Be­schichtung (zum Beispiel 10 µm) mit einem hochleitfähigem Metall (zum Beispiel Gold) versehen ist. Als Vorteil ergibt sich wiederum eine Gewichtsersparnis.Another example of integration is, for example, the installation of a housing-free device, such as a transmitter or receiver, in a compartment formed by the structure, the inside of which is coated with a thin coating (for example 10 µm) with a highly conductive metal (for example gold) ) is provided. Another advantage is a weight saving.

Die Integration von elektromagnetische Wellen leitenden Elementen kann sich auch auf den optischen Wellenbereich beziehen. In diesem Fall werden eigene Glasfaserkabel als optische Signalleitungen überflüssig. Erfindungsgemäß er­folgt dies durch Einbettung der signalführenden Glasfaser in die Struktur, die aus faserverstärkten Kunststoffen be­steht. Die Durchführung kann zum Beispiel dadurch erleich­tert werden, daß die Glasfaser in Rovings oder Gewebe aus den tragenden Fasern eingearbeitet ist. Vorteilhaft fällt hier wiederum Zusatzgewicht durch die Umhüllungen des Glas­faserkabels weg.The integration of electromagnetic wave guiding elements can also relate to the optical wave range. In this case, own fiber optic cables as optical signal lines are superfluous. According to the invention, this is done by embedding the signal-carrying glass fiber in the structure, which consists of fiber-reinforced plastics. The implementation can be facilitated, for example, by incorporating the glass fiber into rovings or fabric made from the supporting fibers. Again, additional weight due to the sheaths of the glass fiber cable is advantageously eliminated.

Die Integration kann auch soweit gehen, daß ganze Hoch­frequenzkomponenten in die tragende Struktur integriert werden. Als Beispiel wird eine ganze Mikrostripantenne in Mesa- oder Wannenbauweise in die Struktur integriert. In dieser Ausführung kann das Mikrostrip- oder Antennendielek­trikum in faserverstärktem Kunststoff hoher Festigkeit und Steifigkeit ausgeführt sein (zum Beispiel aus polyethylen- faserverstärktem Polyethylen) und selbst eine Außenseite des, sich dann selber tragenden, Hohlkastens bilden.The integration can also go so far that entire high-frequency components are integrated into the supporting structure. As an example, an entire microstrip antenna in mesa or trough construction is integrated into the structure. In this embodiment, the microstrip or antenna dielectric can be made of fiber-reinforced plastic of high strength and rigidity (for example made of polyethylene-fiber-reinforced polyethylene) and itself form an outside of the box, which is then self-supporting.

Die Erfindung wird anhand von zwei Figuren näher erläutert

  • Figur 1 zeigt eine Ausführung einer Antenne für ein Synthe­tik-Apertur-Radar (SAR) mit ihrem Träger. Die Antenne be­steht hier aus der Antennenaußenschicht 1 mit Strahlerele­menten (patches), einem elektrisch isolierenden Substrat 2 (mit ε r≈ 1), in das Zuleitungen (Mikrostrips) integriert sind und einer elektrisch leitenden Grundplatte 3. Die elek­trische Verbindung zwischen dem Strahlerelement und der Zu­leitung kann zum Beispiel durch lokale Erhöhung von εr im Substrat 2 im Bereich zwischen diesen beiden Elementen er­folgen. Die tragende Struktur 4 ist hier in Kastenbauweise mit den Hohlräumen 5 realisiert. In den Hohlräumen 5 können elektrische Module 6 und Elektronikplatinen 7 enthalten sein. Die tragende Struktur 4 ist hier aus kohlefaserver­stärktem Kunststoff ausgeführt, der an seiner Oberseite zur elektrischen Abschirmung metallisiert ist. Die wärmeabgeben­den Bauteile wie die elektrischen Module 6 und die Elektro­nikplatinen 7 sind bevorzugt über die gesamte Antennenfläche verteilt und an den Trägern, die zur Antennenvorderseite führen, wärmeleitend angeschlossen. Die in der Struktur 4 gezeigten Pfeile zeigen den Fluß der Wärme durch das aus wärmeleitendem Kunststoff hergestellte Trägermaterial 4.
  • Figur 2 zeigt eine Ausführung mit Integration von elektro­magnetische Wellen leitenden Elementen in der Struktur 4, die hier aus CFK bestehen kann, das an seiner Oberseite metallisiert ist. Auf der Außenseite der Struktur 4 befindet sich die Antenne 8, die zum Beispiel Substratdicken im Be­reich eines mm und Erhebungen im mm-Bereich aufweist. Inner­halb der Struktur 4 sind elektronische Module 6 und Elektro­nikplatinen 7 angeordnet. Integriert in die tragende Struk­tur 4 ist auch ein Phasenschiebernetzwerk 9, das direkt unter jedem einzelnen Strahlerelement (patch) der Gruppen­antenne 8 angeordnet ist. Integriert ist ebenso die Zulei­tung (microstrip) 10 zu jedem einzelnen Strahlerelement (patch) oder die elektrische Zuleitung 12 zu den Bauteilen 6 und 7. Gezeichnet ist weiter die Glasfaser 11, die das elektrische Modul 6 als Signalleitung mit einer nicht ge­zeigten Zentralelektronik verbindet. Leitung 11 ist hier ein kurzes Stück diskret gezeigt und verläuft dann als Glasfaser in der Struktur 4 integriert (durch den dickeren Strich angedeutet). Die Pfeile in der Struktur 4 deuten die Wärmeleitung an.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to two figures
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of an antenna for a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with its carrier. The antenna here consists of the antenna outer layer 1 with radiator elements (patches), an electrically insulating substrate 2 (with ε r ≈ 1), in which leads (microstrips) are integrated, and an electrically conductive base plate 3. The electrical connection between the radiator element and the The supply can take place, for example, by locally increasing ε r in the substrate 2 in the area between these two elements. The supporting structure 4 is realized here in a box construction with the cavities 5. Electrical modules 6 and electronic boards 7 can be contained in the cavities 5. The supporting structure 4 is made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, which is metallized on its upper side for electrical shielding. The heat-emitting components, such as the electrical modules 6 and the electronic boards 7, are preferably distributed over the entire antenna area and are connected in a heat-conducting manner to the carriers which lead to the antenna front. The arrows shown in structure 4 show the flow of heat through the carrier material 4 made of thermally conductive plastic.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment with the integration of electromagnetic wave-guiding elements in the structure 4, which here can consist of CFRP, which is metallized on its top. The antenna 8 is located on the outside of the structure 4 and has, for example, substrate thicknesses in the range of one mm and elevations in the mm range. Electronic modules 6 and electronic boards 7 are arranged within the structure 4. A phase shifter network 9 is also integrated into the supporting structure 4 and is arranged directly under each individual radiator element (patch) of the group antenna 8. Also integrated is the supply line (microstrip) 10 to each individual radiator element (patch) or the electrical supply line 12 to the components 6 and 7. Also drawn is the glass fiber 11, which connects the electrical module 6 as a signal line to central electronics (not shown). Line 11 is shown discretely here and then runs as a glass fiber integrated in structure 4 (indicated by the thicker line). The arrows in structure 4 indicate heat conduction.

Claims (6)

1. Tragende Struktur (4) einer aktiven Antenne (8) für Luft- oder Raumfahrtanwendungen aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff, gekennzeichnet durch eine Integration von wärmeleitenden Elementen und/oder elektromagnetische Wellen leitenden Elementen (9, 10, 11, 12) in die tragende Struktur(4).1. Supporting structure (4) of an active antenna (8) for aerospace applications made of fiber-reinforced plastic, characterized by an integration of heat-conducting elements and / or electromagnetic wave-guiding elements (9, 10, 11, 12) in the supporting structure ( 4). 2. Struktur (4) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wärmeleitenden Elemente aus Metall oder aus Kohlefaserverbundwerkstoff, zum Beispiel P 100 bestehen und zwischen wärmeabgebenden Bauteilen - die bevorzugt über die Antennenfläche verteilt angeordnet sind - und der Außenseite der Antenne liegen oder daß die gesamte Struktur aus wärmeleitendem Material besteht.2. Structure (4) according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-conducting elements made of metal or carbon fiber composite material, for example P 100 and between heat-emitting components - which are preferably distributed over the antenna surface - and the outside of the antenna or that the entire structure is made of heat-conducting material. 3. Struktur (4) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektromagnetische Wellen leitenden Elemente NF-Ströme leiten, wie Drähte, Streifen, Mikrostrips, Fasern, Kabel, oder Zuleitungen (10) und in oder auf Strukturelementen aus nichtleiten­dem Material angeordnet sind, die als Isolationen, Platinen (7) oder Gehäuse ausgebildet sein können.3. Structure (4) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electromagnetic waves conducting elements conduct LF currents, such as wires, strips, microstrips, fibers, cables, or leads (10) and in or on structural elements made of non-conductive material are arranged, which can be designed as insulation, circuit boards (7) or housing. 4. Struktur (4) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektromagnetische Wellen leitenden Elemente HF-Ströme leiten, wie Koax­kabel oder Hohlleiter und von HF-abschirmenden Struktur­teilen, wie Abschirmungen oder Gehäusen, umgeben sein können.4. Structure (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electromagnetic wave-conducting elements conduct HF currents, such as coaxial cables or waveguides, and can be surrounded by HF-shielding structural parts, such as shields or housings. 5. Struktur (4) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektromagnetische Wellen leitenden Elemente lichtleitende Fasern (11) sind, die als Signalleitungen zwischen optischen oder opto-elektronischen Bauteilen angeordnet sind.5. Structure (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electromagnetic wave-conducting elements are light-conducting fibers (11) which are arranged as signal lines between optical or opto-electronic components. 6. Struktur (4) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektromagnetische Wellen leitenden Elemente und die isolierenden Elemente der Struktur bereits als strahlende Antennenfläche einer Gruppenantenne ausgebildet sind.6. Structure (4) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electromagnetic wave-conducting elements and the insulating elements of the structure are already formed as a radiating antenna surface of a group antenna.
EP88117439A 1987-11-13 1988-10-19 Antenna structure Expired - Lifetime EP0325701B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3738506 1987-11-13
DE19873738506 DE3738506A1 (en) 1987-11-13 1987-11-13 ANTENNA STRUCTURE

Publications (2)

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EP0325701A1 true EP0325701A1 (en) 1989-08-02
EP0325701B1 EP0325701B1 (en) 1993-08-25

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JP (1) JPH01155702A (en)
DE (1) DE3738506A1 (en)

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US11382205B2 (en) * 2020-09-16 2022-07-05 Aptiv Technologies Limited Heatsink shield with thermal-contact dimples for thermal-energy distribution in a radar assembly
CN113955081B (en) * 2021-09-24 2023-11-28 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 Aircraft battery cabin structure

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EP0445694A1 (en) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-11 Alcatel Espace Active printed circuit antenna system having high efficiency for a scanning radar for operation in space
FR2659501A1 (en) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-13 Alcatel Espace HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVE PRINTED ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR SPATIAL AGILE RADAR.
US5206655A (en) * 1990-03-09 1993-04-27 Alcatel Espace High-yield active printed-circuit antenna system for frequency-hopping space radar
EP0497249A1 (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-08-05 Alcatel Espace Array antenna, particularly for space application
FR2672438A1 (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-08-07 Alcatel Espace NETWORK ANTENNA, IN PARTICULAR FOR SPATIAL APPLICATION.
EP0523770A1 (en) * 1991-07-15 1993-01-20 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Low-noise-block downconverter for use with flat antenna receiving dual polarized electromagnetic waves
EP0634808A1 (en) * 1993-07-13 1995-01-18 Ball Corporation Raised patch antenna
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US5831830A (en) * 1995-09-29 1998-11-03 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Device for cooling of electronics units

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01155702A (en) 1989-06-19
US4987425A (en) 1991-01-22
DE3738506A1 (en) 1989-06-01
EP0325701B1 (en) 1993-08-25
DE3738506C2 (en) 1991-05-02

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