EP0308600A1 - Apparatus for the ultrasonic atomization of a fluid - Google Patents
Apparatus for the ultrasonic atomization of a fluid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0308600A1 EP0308600A1 EP88111182A EP88111182A EP0308600A1 EP 0308600 A1 EP0308600 A1 EP 0308600A1 EP 88111182 A EP88111182 A EP 88111182A EP 88111182 A EP88111182 A EP 88111182A EP 0308600 A1 EP0308600 A1 EP 0308600A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transmitters
- transmitter
- sound
- standing
- ultrasound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
- B05B17/0623—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for atomizing melts, normal liquids or agglomerated substances, with the aid of ultrasound with a first ultrasound transmitter, to which an ultrasound reflector is attached at a distance, between which a standing ultrasound wave is formed, into which the medium to be atomized is introduced.
- German Patent 26 56 330 Such a device, which has proven itself in and of itself, is described in German Patent 26 56 330.
- the reflector is designed as a passive component there.
- the distance between the transmitter and the reflector is set there using a suitable mechanism, which only moves the reflector.
- an increase in the static gas pressure in the chamber surrounding the standing ultrasonic wave leads to a proportional increase in the sound level.
- a gas jet can be blown into the chamber in order to allow the atomized medium to cool down more quickly by spraying it against a cooled metal surface.
- the object of the invention is to design it in such a way that detuning of the standing sound wave is automatically prevented during operation of the device.
- the energy of the standing sound wave should be noticeably increased.
- the invention is characterized in that the reflector is designed as a second ultrasonic transmitter, the electrical and acoustic properties of which are approximately equal to those of the first transmitter.
- the medium to be atomized should be supplied in the middle between the two transmitters, in a pressure node of the sound wave.
- the two transmitters are shifted symmetrically, namely by the same distance in the axial direction outwards or inwards.
- the reflector As an active ultrasonic transducer, i.e. As a transmitter, the atomized medium is also prevented from attaching there because both transducers clean themselves by means of ultrasonic wind.
- the change in distance to adapt to the resonance of the standing sound wave can be carried out by a phase-intensive or amplitude-intensive sound pickup, which is preferably attached in the vicinity of the end face of one of the two transmitters, again preferably outside the atomization area.
- the change in distance can also be checked or regulated automatically or by hand on the basis of the maximum power of the emitted ultrasound, since both transducers have pronounced impedance maxima in the case of standing wave resonance.
- Both transmitters can be powered by their own or the same frequency generator. If one and the same frequency generator is used, it is ensured without further measures that both transmitters vibrate with the same frequency and amplitude.
- both transmitters are powered via Own frequency generators can have their frequencies deviated from each other by a small amount, so that the expected beats, which result from the interference of the waves emitted by both transmitters, occur at a frequency that does not interfere with the atomization.
- the frequency generator can also be designed as a wobble transmitter, which operates in a narrow frequency band around the natural frequencies of the two transmitters.
- a housing-fixed, heated tube is provided, which is particularly suitable for the supply of a liquid melt from a corresponding reservoir.
- the mouth of the tube should be located a few mm in front of the axis connecting the transmitters so that the emerging melt can be atomized under optimal level conditions.
- the radial distance is, for example, 2 or 3 mm.
- the diameter of the tube at the outlet should not exceed about 6 to 8 mm.
- it can be expanded to 20 to 30 mm to accommodate a resistance heating coil in the tube. This ensures that a sufficiently heated melt is released directly into the standing ultrasonic wave.
- the tube can also be made of BN (boron nitride) to prevent any drops of the melt from sticking.
- BN boron nitride
- An important embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the device is installed in a pressure vessel, so that the atomization at feel bar overpressure takes place, for example in the order of magnitude between 3 and 10 bar, possibly also at a higher overpressure. Due to the large surface tension of molten metals, sound levels of over 180 dB are required for atomization. These high sound levels can only be achieved with gas overpressure. An inert gas is usually used as the gas.
- the atomization of a molten metal at excess gas pressure also has the advantage of achieving high sound levels with relatively small ultrasonic amplitudes of the transducers, so that the transducers have a much longer service life.
- the gas pressure is increased, the convection cooling of the atomized melt is improved and the solidification time is shortened considerably, so that the metal powder may solidify under amorphous conditions.
- the dimensions of the pressure vessel are relatively small, so that laboratory systems with dimensions of less than 1 m in diameter and 1 to 2 m in height are realizable.
- an airlock is formed there, which prevents the particles from being transported to these surfaces.
- the oxygen partial pressure is set to an extremely low value. With deviations This is because spherical powders are produced in the presence of oxygen, while spattering particles are formed at a normal oxygen partial pressure of the air, which may be advantageous during sintering.
- the device according to the invention is basically suitable for the ultrasonic atomization of all meltable or liquid media. In particular, it is suitable for atomizing metal melts. Further fields of application are listed in the aforementioned German patents 26 56 330 and 28 42 232.
- the invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment from which further important features result.
- the figure shows a partially schematic axial section through an atomizing device according to the invention for atomizing a molten metal.
- a first ultrasonic transmitter 1 and a second ultrasonic transmitter 2 are each mounted on a slide unit 3, which is moved via a stepper motor or DC motor 4. Both transmitters 1, 2 are preferably operated at the same operating frequency, for example at 20 kHz. Both transmitters can be fed by their own frequency generator 5, which works on the principle of the feedback oscillator.
- Both transmitters 1, 2 are equipped with an airlock 6 as an additional measure to prevent melt from sticking.
- the movable carriage units 3 adapt the distance between the transmitters 1, 2 to the respective operating conditions, namely symmetrically to a melt beam 7, which transports melt from a melting furnace 16 into the standing ultrasonic field 14 via a heated tube (not shown).
- a pressure sensor 8 is arranged, which measures the sound pressure of the standing wave 14 and passes it on for maximum electronic tracking.
- the servomotors 4 receive their actuating impulses from there.
- the slide units are positioned on the servomotor with the aid of angle encoders 10 or on the slide using linear potentiometers 11.
- the electronic tracking 9 always searches for the position in which the sound pressure of the sound field 14 has its maximum value.
- the frequency of the second transmitter 2 can be close to the frequency of the first transmitter 1. In order to prevent beats that are too low in frequency, caused by indifference of the waves emitted by the two transmitters, the two frequencies should differ by at least 0.5%.
- both ultrasonic transducers 1, 2 with a fre quenzgenerator operated at exactly the same frequency and the same phase position, so that the emitted sound waves are always amplified.
- the generator can be designed as a wobble transmitter that works in a narrow frequency band around the natural frequencies of the two converters.
- the two transmitters can be cooled via a direct air connection 12 or via an indirect water connection (cooling coil).
- the device described is installed in a pressure vessel 13 so that the interior with the standing sound field formed there is pressure-tight to the outside.
- the internal pressure in the chamber can be increased accordingly and this pressure increase results in a higher energy density of the standing ultrasonic wave 14 with the same amplitude of the ultrasonic transducers. This goes hand in hand with an improvement in the efficiency of atomization while at the same time extending the service life of the transmitters.
- Air an inert gas or any other gas or gas mixture can be provided in the chamber, it also being possible to set the partial pressure of the oxygen accordingly.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben von Schmelzen, normalen Flüssigkeiten oder agglomerierten Stoffen, mit Hilfe von Ultraschall mit einem ersten Ultraschallsender, zu dem beabstandet ein Ultraschallreflektor angebracht ist, zwischen denen eine stehende Ultraschallwelle ausgebildet wird, in die das zu zerstäubende Medium eingebracht wird.The invention relates to a device for atomizing melts, normal liquids or agglomerated substances, with the aid of ultrasound with a first ultrasound transmitter, to which an ultrasound reflector is attached at a distance, between which a standing ultrasound wave is formed, into which the medium to be atomized is introduced.
Eine derartige Vorrichtung, die sich an und für sich bewährt hat, ist in der deutschen Patentschrift 26 56 330 beschrieben. Der Reflektor ist dort als passives Bauteil ausgebildet. Der Abstand zwischen Sender und Reflektor wird dort über eine geeignete Mechanik eingestellt, die aber lediglich den Reflektor verschiebt. In dieser Druckschrift wird auch schon erwähnt, daß eine Erhöhung des statischen Gasdrucks in der die stehende Ultraschallwelle umgebenden Kammer zu einer proportionalen Erhöhung des Schallpegels führt. Weiterhin wird dort erwähnt, daß man einen Gasstrahl in die Kammer einblasen kann, um das zerstäubte Medium dadurch schneller abkühlen zu lassen, daß es gegen ein gekühlte Metallfläche gespritzt wird.Such a device, which has proven itself in and of itself, is described in German Patent 26 56 330. The reflector is designed as a passive component there. The distance between the transmitter and the reflector is set there using a suitable mechanism, which only moves the reflector. In this document it is also mentioned that an increase in the static gas pressure in the chamber surrounding the standing ultrasonic wave leads to a proportional increase in the sound level. Furthermore, it is mentioned there that a gas jet can be blown into the chamber in order to allow the atomized medium to cool down more quickly by spraying it against a cooled metal surface.
Einen ähnlichen Stand der Technik beschreibt im übrigen die DE-PS 28 42 232, der auch noch der Gedanke entnommen werden kann, das zu zerstäubende Medium in die Druckknoten der stehenden Ultraschallwelle einzubringen.A similar prior art is also described in DE-PS 28 42 232, from which the idea can also be deduced of introducing the medium to be atomized into the pressure nodes of the standing ultrasonic wave.
Bedingt durch die geringen Abstände zwischen Sender und Reflektor beim geschilderten Stand der Technik wird aller dings der Reflektor während des Zerstäubungsvorganges mit flüssiger Schmelze beaufschlagt und setzt sich daher nach einer gewissen Betriebszeit zu. Der Sender dagegen bleibt durch die Vibration des Sendertellers und durch die damit verbundene Erzeugung des Ultraschallwindes frei.Due to the small distances between transmitter and reflector in the described state of the art, everything is However, the reflector is subjected to liquid melt during the atomization process and therefore becomes clogged after a certain operating time. The transmitter, however, remains free due to the vibration of the transmitter plate and the associated generation of the ultrasonic wind.
Weitere Beeinträchtigungen ergeben sich bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung durch Veränderungen im Schallfeld, insbesondere bedingt durch Temperaturschwankungen beim Einbringen des Schmelzstrahls in das Schallfeld. Hierdurch ändern sich die Parameter des Schallfeldes, so daß zur Aufrechterhaltung der stehenden Welle der Reflektor ständig nachgeführt werden muß. Wie erwähnt erfolgt diese Nachführung unsymmetrisch bezüglich der gehäusefesten Zufuhrstelle für die Schmelze bzw. das zu zerstäubende Medium.In this known device, further impairments result from changes in the sound field, in particular due to temperature fluctuations when the melt jet is introduced into the sound field. As a result, the parameters of the sound field change, so that the reflector must be constantly adjusted to maintain the standing wave. As mentioned, this tracking takes place asymmetrically with respect to the supply point for the melt or the medium to be atomized, which is fixed to the housing.
Ausgehend von einer Vorrichtung mit den eingangs genannten Merkmalen liegt daher der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese so auszugestalten, daß eine Verstimmung der stehenden Schallwelle im Betrieb der Vorrichtung selbsttätig verhindert wird. Außerdem soll die Energie der stehenden Schallwelle fühlbar erhöht werden können.Starting from a device with the features mentioned at the outset, the object of the invention is to design it in such a way that detuning of the standing sound wave is automatically prevented during operation of the device. In addition, the energy of the standing sound wave should be noticeably increased.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist die Erfindung dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Reflektor als ein zweiter Ultraschallsender ausgebildet ist, dessen elektrische und akustische Eigenschaften etwa gleich denjenigen des ersten Senders sind.To achieve this object, the invention is characterized in that the reflector is designed as a second ultrasonic transmitter, the electrical and acoustic properties of which are approximately equal to those of the first transmitter.
Durch den hiermit vorgesehenen Einsatz zweier gleich starker, aktiver Ultraschallwandler oder Ultraschallsender, die gleichzeitig als Sender und Reflektor wir ken, ergibt sich neben einer Erhöhung des Schallpegels eine thermische und akustische Symmetrie im Bereich der stehenden Schallwelle, die eine automatische Abstimmung der Schallwelle bei einer Änderung der Temperatur oder anderer Betriebsparameter ermöglicht.Through the intended use of two equally strong, active ultrasonic transducers or ultrasonic transmitters, which act as transmitters and reflectors at the same time ken, in addition to an increase in the sound level, there is a thermal and acoustic symmetry in the area of the standing sound wave, which enables the sound wave to be automatically adjusted when the temperature or other operating parameters change.
Die Zufuhr für das zu zerstäubende Medium soll in der Mitte zwischen den beiden Sendern erfolgen, und zwar in einem Druckknoten der Schallwelle. Die beiden Sender werden dann dazu symmetrisch verschoben, und zwar um einander gleiche Wegstrecken in axialer Richtung nach außen oder innen gefahren.The medium to be atomized should be supplied in the middle between the two transmitters, in a pressure node of the sound wave. For this purpose, the two transmitters are shifted symmetrically, namely by the same distance in the axial direction outwards or inwards.
Durch die Ausbildung des Reflektors als aktiver Ultraschallwandler, d.h. als Sender, wird auch dort ein Ansetzen des zerstäubten Mediums verhindert, weil beide Wandler sich durch Ultraschallwind selbst reinigen.By designing the reflector as an active ultrasonic transducer, i.e. As a transmitter, the atomized medium is also prevented from attaching there because both transducers clean themselves by means of ultrasonic wind.
Die Abstandsänderung zur Anpassung an die Resonanz der stehenden Schallwelle kann durch einen phasenintensiven oder amplitudenintensiven Schallaufnehmer erfolgen, der vorzugsweise in der Nähe der Stirnfläche eines der beiden Sender angebracht wird, abermals vorzugsweise außerhalb des Zerstäubungsbereiches. Die Abstandsänderung kann aber auch anhand des Leistungsmaximums des abgestrahlten Ultraschalls automatisch oder von hand kontrolliert bzw. geregelt werden, da beide Wandler bei Stehwellenresonanz ausgeprägte Impedanzmaxima besitzen.The change in distance to adapt to the resonance of the standing sound wave can be carried out by a phase-intensive or amplitude-intensive sound pickup, which is preferably attached in the vicinity of the end face of one of the two transmitters, again preferably outside the atomization area. The change in distance can also be checked or regulated automatically or by hand on the basis of the maximum power of the emitted ultrasound, since both transducers have pronounced impedance maxima in the case of standing wave resonance.
Beide Sender können über eigene oder über denselben Frequenzgenerator gespeist werden. Bei Verwendung ein und desselben Frequenzgenerators wird ohne weitere Maßnahmen sichergestellt, daß beide Sender mit derselben Frequenz und Amplitude schwingen. Bei Speisung beider Sender über eigene Frequenzgeneratoren kann man deren Frequenzen um ein geringes Maß voneinander abweichen lassen, so daß die zu erwartenden Schwebungen, die durch Interferenz der von beiden Sendern abgestrahlten Wellen entstehen mit einer Frequenz erfolgen, die die Zerstäubung nicht stört. Zu demselben Zweck kann auch der Frequenzgenerator als Wobbelsender ausgebildet sein, der in einem schmalen Frequenzb and um die Eigenfrequenzen der beiden Sender arbeitet.Both transmitters can be powered by their own or the same frequency generator. If one and the same frequency generator is used, it is ensured without further measures that both transmitters vibrate with the same frequency and amplitude. When both transmitters are powered via Own frequency generators can have their frequencies deviated from each other by a small amount, so that the expected beats, which result from the interference of the waves emitted by both transmitters, occur at a frequency that does not interfere with the atomization. For the same purpose, the frequency generator can also be designed as a wobble transmitter, which operates in a narrow frequency band around the natural frequencies of the two transmitters.
Für die Zufuhr des zu zerstäubenden Mediums zu der stehenden Schallwelle wird ein gehäusefestes, beheiztes Röhrchen vorgesehen, das insbesondere für die Zufuhr einer flüssigen Schmelze aus einem entsprechenden Reservoir geeignet ist. Die Mündung des Röhrchens sollte wenige mm vor der die Sender verbindenden Achse angeordnet sein, damit die austretende Schmelze unter optimalen Pegelbedingungen zerstäubt werden kann. Der radiale Abstand liegt beispielsweise bei 2 oder 3 mm. Der Durchmesser des Röhrchens sollte am Auslauf etwa 6 bis 8 mm nicht überschreiten. In einem Abstand von ca. 20 mm von der Zerstäuberachse kann er aber auf 20 bis 30 mm erweitert werden, um eine Widerstands-Heizwicklung im Röhrchen unterbringen zu können. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, daß eine ausreichend erhitzte Schmelze direkt in die stehende Ultraschallwelle abgegeben wird.For the supply of the medium to be atomized to the standing sound wave, a housing-fixed, heated tube is provided, which is particularly suitable for the supply of a liquid melt from a corresponding reservoir. The mouth of the tube should be located a few mm in front of the axis connecting the transmitters so that the emerging melt can be atomized under optimal level conditions. The radial distance is, for example, 2 or 3 mm. The diameter of the tube at the outlet should not exceed about 6 to 8 mm. At a distance of approx. 20 mm from the atomizer axis, it can be expanded to 20 to 30 mm to accommodate a resistance heating coil in the tube. This ensures that a sufficiently heated melt is released directly into the standing ultrasonic wave.
Das Röhrchen kann auch aus BN (Bornitrid) gefertigt werden, um ggf. ein Anhaften von Tropfen der Schmelze zu verhindern.The tube can also be made of BN (boron nitride) to prevent any drops of the melt from sticking.
Eine wichtige Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung in einem Druckbehälter eingebaut ist, so daß die Zerstäubung bei fühl barem Überdruck stattfindet, beispielsweise in der Größenordnung zwischen 3 und 10 bar, ggfs. auch bei einem höheren überdruck. Wegen der großen Oberflächenspannung von Metallschmelzen sind zum Zerstäuben Schallpegel von über 180 dB erforderlich. Diese hohen Schallpegel können nur bei Gasüberdruck erreicht werden. Als Gas nimmt man üblicherweise ein Inertgas.An important embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the device is installed in a pressure vessel, so that the atomization at feel bar overpressure takes place, for example in the order of magnitude between 3 and 10 bar, possibly also at a higher overpressure. Due to the large surface tension of molten metals, sound levels of over 180 dB are required for atomization. These high sound levels can only be achieved with gas overpressure. An inert gas is usually used as the gas.
Die Zerstäubung einer Metallschmelze bei Gasüberdruck hat auch den Vorteil, hohe Schallpegel bei relativ kleinen Ultraschallamplituden der Wandler zu erreichen, so daß man zu sehr viel größeren Standzeiten der Wandler kommt.The atomization of a molten metal at excess gas pressure also has the advantage of achieving high sound levels with relatively small ultrasonic amplitudes of the transducers, so that the transducers have a much longer service life.
Bei einem erhöhten Gasdruck ist die Konvektionskühlung der zerstäubten Schmelze verbessert und damit wird die Erstarrungszeit erheblich verkürzt, so daß man unter Umständen zu einer amorphen Erstarrung der Metallpulver kommt.If the gas pressure is increased, the convection cooling of the atomized melt is improved and the solidification time is shortened considerably, so that the metal powder may solidify under amorphous conditions.
Wegen der bei extrem schneller Erstarrung und relativ geringen Fluggeschwindigkeit der Tröpfchen (um 1 m/s) zu erwartenden kurzen Flugstrecke in der schmelzflüssigen Phase sind die Abmessungen des Druckbehälters relativ klein, so daß Laboranlagen mit Abmessungen unter 1 m Durchmesser und 1 bis 2 m Höhe realisierbar sind.Because of the short flight distance in the molten phase to be expected with extremely rapid solidification and relatively low airspeed of the droplets (around 1 m / s), the dimensions of the pressure vessel are relatively small, so that laboratory systems with dimensions of less than 1 m in diameter and 1 to 2 m in height are realizable.
Um ein Anhaften der zerstäubten Teilchen an den Sendern bzw. an der Wand des Druckbehälters zu verhindern, wird es weiterhin bevorzugt, wenn dort eine Luftschleuse ausgebildet wird, die den Transport der Teilchen zu diesen Flächen verhindert.In order to prevent the atomized particles from adhering to the transmitters or to the wall of the pressure vessel, it is further preferred if an airlock is formed there, which prevents the particles from being transported to these surfaces.
Weiterhin wird es bevorzugt, den Sauerstoff-Partialdruck auf einen extrem niedrigen Wert einzustellen. Bei Abwe senheit von Sauerstoff entstehen nämlich kugelige Pulver, während bei einem normalen Sauerstoff-Partialdruck der Luft spratzige Teilchen entstehen, die ggf. beim Sintern vorteilhaft sind.It is further preferred to set the oxygen partial pressure to an extremely low value. With deviations This is because spherical powders are produced in the presence of oxygen, while spattering particles are formed at a normal oxygen partial pressure of the air, which may be advantageous during sintering.
Die Erhöhung des Schallpegels infolge einer Erhöhung der Schallamplitude und/oder des Gasdrucks führt insgesamt zu feineren Pulvern, ohne daß, wie dies sonst bei der Ultraschallzerstäubung der Fall ist, die Frequenz geändert werden muß.The increase in the sound level as a result of an increase in the sound amplitude and / or the gas pressure leads overall to finer powders without the frequency having to be changed, as is otherwise the case with ultrasonic atomization.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eignet sich grundsätzlich für die Ultraschall-Zerstäubung aller schmelzbaren oder flüssigen Medien. Insbesondere ist sie zur Zerstäubung von Metallschmelzen geeignet. Weitere Anwendungsgebiete sind in den eingangs erwähnten deutschen Patentschriften 26 56 330 und 28 42 232 aufgeführt.The device according to the invention is basically suitable for the ultrasonic atomization of all meltable or liquid media. In particular, it is suitable for atomizing metal melts. Further fields of application are listed in the aforementioned German patents 26 56 330 and 28 42 232.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert, aus dem sich weitere wichtige Merkmale ergeben. Die Figur zeigt einen teilweise schematischen Axialschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Zerstäubungsvorrichtung zum Zerstäuben einer Metallschmelze.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment from which further important features result. The figure shows a partially schematic axial section through an atomizing device according to the invention for atomizing a molten metal.
Ein erster Ultraschallsender 1 und ein zweiter Ultraschallsender 2 sind je auf einer Schlitteneinheit 3 montiert, die über einen Schrittmotor oder Gleichstrommotor 4 bewegt wird. Beide Sender 1, 2 werden vorzugsweise mit derselben Betriebsfrequenz betrieben, dei beispielsweise bei 20 kHz liegt. Beide Sender können durch einen eigenen Frequenzgenerator 5 gespeist werden, der nach dem Prinzip des rückgekoppelten Oszillators arbeitet.A first ultrasonic transmitter 1 and a second
Beide Sender 1,2 sind mit einer Luftschleuse 6 als zusätzliche Maßnahme zur Verhinderung des Anhaftens von Schmelze ausgerüstet.Both
Durch die beweglichen Schlitteneinheiten 3 wird der Abstand zwischen den Sendern 1,2 den jeweiligen Betriebsbedingungen angepaßt, und zwar symmetrisch zu einem Schmelzenstrahl 7, der über ein - nicht gezeigtes - beheiztes Röhrchen Schmelze aus einem Schmelzofen 16 in das stehende Ultraschallfeld 14 transportiert.The
In der Nähe eines der beiden Sender 1,2 ist ein Drucksensor 8 angeordnet, der den Schalldruck der stehenden Welle 14 mißt und anhand eines Maximums zur elektronischen Nachführung weitergibt. Von dort erhalten die Stellmotoren 4 ihre Stellimpulse.In the vicinity of one of the two
Die Schlitteneinheiten werden mit Hilfe von Winkelkodierern 10 am Stellmotor oder von Linearpotentiometern 11 am Schlitten positioniert.The slide units are positioned on the servomotor with the aid of
Die elektronische Nachführung 9 sucht immer diejenige Position, in der der Schalldruck des Schallfeldes 14 seinen maximalen Wert hat.The
Die Frequenz des zweiten Senders 2 kann nahe bei der Frequenz des ersten Senders 1 liegen. Zur Verhinderung von zu niederfrequenten Schwebungen, die durch Indifferenz der von den beiden Sendern abgestrahlten Wellen entsteht, sollen sich beide Frequenzen um wenigstens 0,5 % unterscheiden.The frequency of the
Bei einer abgeänderten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden beide Ultraschallwandler 1,2 mit einem Fre quenzgenerator bei exakt der gleichen Frequenz und gleicher Phasenlage betrieben, so daß die abgestrahlten Schallwellen sich immer verstärken.In a modified embodiment of the invention, both
Der Generator kann als Wobbelsender ausgebildet sein, der in einem schmalen Frequenzband um die Eigenfrequenzen der beiden Wandler arbeitet.The generator can be designed as a wobble transmitter that works in a narrow frequency band around the natural frequencies of the two converters.
Die beiden Sender können über einen direkten Luftanschluß 12 oder über einen indirekten Wasseranschluß (Kühlschlange) gekühlt werden.The two transmitters can be cooled via a
Die beschriebene Vorrichtung ist in einem Druckbehälter 13 eingebaut, so daß der Innenraum mit dem dort ausgebildeten stehenden Schallfeld druckdicht nach außen ist. Dadurch kann der Innendruck in der Kammer entsprechend erhöht werden und durch diese Druckerhöhung erhält man eine höhere Energiedichte der stehenden Ultraschallwelle 14 bei gleicher Amplitude der Ultraschallwandler. Damit geht eine Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades der Zerstäubung bei gleichzeitiger Verlängerung der Lebensdauer der Sender einher.The device described is installed in a
In der Kammer kann Luft, ein Inertgas oder auch ein beliebiges anderes Gas oder Gasgemisch vorgesehen sein, wobei man auch den Patialdruck des Sauerstoffs entsprechend einstellen kann.Air, an inert gas or any other gas or gas mixture can be provided in the chamber, it also being possible to set the partial pressure of the oxygen accordingly.
Claims (15)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Reflektor als ein zweiter Ultraschallsender (2) ausgebildet ist, dessen elektrische und akustische Eigenschaften etwa gleich denjenigen des ersten Senders (1) sind.1. Device for atomizing melts, normal liquids or agglomerated substances, with the aid of ultrasound with a first ultrasound transmitter, to which an ultrasound reflector is attached at a distance, between which a standing ultrasound wave is formed, into which the medium to be atomized is introduced,
characterized by
that the reflector is designed as a second ultrasonic transmitter (2), the electrical and acoustic properties of which are approximately equal to those of the first transmitter (1).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß eine Einrichtung (3,4) vorgesehen ist, die beide Sender (1,2) in axialer Richtung symmetrisch zueinander verschiebt.2. Device according to claim 1,
characterized by
that a device (3, 4) is provided which shifts both transmitters (1, 2) symmetrically to one another in the axial direction.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Zufuhr des zu zerstäubenden Mediums gehäusefest und mittig zu den beiden Sendern (1,2) im Druckknoten der Schallwelle (14) erfolgt.3. Device according to claim 2,
characterized by
that the supply of the medium to be atomized is fixed to the housing and is centered on the two transmitters (1, 2) in the pressure node of the sound wave (14).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß ein Schallaufnehmer (8) im Schallfeld (14) vorgesehen ist.4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized by
that a sound pickup (8) is provided in the sound field (14).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß ein Meßgerät vorgesehen ist, das die Leistungsaufnahme wenigstens eines der Sender (1,2) mißt.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized by
that a measuring device is provided which measures the power consumption of at least one of the transmitters (1, 2).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Ausgangssignale des Schallaufnehmers (8) bzw. des Meßgerätes den Abstand der Sender (1,2) voneinander steuern.6. The device according to claim 4 or 5,
characterized by
that the output signals of the sound sensor (8) or the measuring device control the distance of the transmitters (1, 2) from one another.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß beide Sender (1,2) über eigene Frequenzgeneratoren (5) gespeist werden.7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized by
that both transmitters (1, 2) are fed via their own frequency generators (5).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß beide Sender (1,2) über denselben Frequenzgenerator (5) gespeist werden.8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized by
that both transmitters (1,2) are fed via the same frequency generator (5).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Grundfrequenzen der beiden Sender (1,2) voneinander um ein geringes Maß verschieden sind.9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized by
that the fundamental frequencies of the two transmitters (1, 2) are slightly different from one another.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Grundfrequenzen der beiden Sender (1,2) einander gleich sind.10. The device according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized by
that the fundamental frequencies of the two transmitters (1, 2) are identical to one another.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Frequenzgenerator (5) als Wobbelsender ausgebildet ist.11. The device according to one of claims 6 to 10,
characterized by
that the frequency generator (5) is designed as a wobble transmitter.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß ein gehäusefestes, beheiztes Röhrchen für die Zufuhr des Mediums zu der stehenden Schallwelle (14) vorgesehen ist, dessen Mündung wenige mm vor der die Sender verbindenden Achse angeordnet ist.12. The device according to one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized by
that a housing-fixed, heated tube is provided for supplying the medium to the standing sound wave (14), the mouth of which is arranged a few mm in front of the axis connecting the transmitters.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß sie in einem Druckbehälter (13) eingebaut ist.13. The device according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized by
that it is installed in a pressure vessel (13).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß vor den Sendern (1,2) und/oder vor der Innenwand des Druckbehälters (13) eine Luftschleuse (6) ausgebildet ist.14. The device according to one of claims 1 to 13,
characterized by
that an airlock (6) is formed in front of the transmitters (1, 2) and / or in front of the inner wall of the pressure vessel (13).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß eine Einrichtung zur Einstellung des Sauerstoff-Partialdrucks in der die stehende Schallwelle (14) umgebenden Kammer (13) vorgesehen ist.15. The device according to one of claims 1 to 14,
characterized by
that a device for adjusting the oxygen partial pressure is provided in the chamber (13) surrounding the standing sound wave (14).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19873732325 DE3732325A1 (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1987-09-25 | DEVICE FOR SPRAYING A LIQUID MEDIUM WITH THE AID OF ULTRASOUND |
| DE3732325 | 1987-09-25 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0308600A1 true EP0308600A1 (en) | 1989-03-29 |
| EP0308600B1 EP0308600B1 (en) | 1991-03-06 |
Family
ID=6336861
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88111182A Expired - Lifetime EP0308600B1 (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1988-07-13 | Apparatus for the ultrasonic atomization of a fluid |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4981425A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0308600B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH01151967A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3732325A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3939178A1 (en) * | 1989-11-27 | 1991-05-29 | Branson Ultraschall | DEVICE FOR SPRAYING LIQUID AND SOLID MATERIALS, PREFERABLY MELTED METALS |
| WO2002089998A1 (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2002-11-14 | Novel Technical Solutions Limited | Method and apparatus for atomising liquid media |
| DE10245324A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-08 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Method for atomizing paint coating materials, using an ultrasonic generator and reflector with a paint delivery tube having a deflector to prevent paint drops moving up the tube |
| DE10245326A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-08 | Abb Patent Gmbh | A method for atomizing paint coating materials has an ultrasonic generator and reflector setting up standing waves maximized at the center |
| DE10252437A1 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-27 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Ultrasonic standing wave atomizer appliance for coating components e.g. in the motor vehicle industry has paint feeder with paint discharge pipe sections in area of selected maximum of sound particle velocity of vertical ultrasonic field |
| DE10327429A1 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-05 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Ultrasonic stationary wave atomizer for generating varnish spray for painting workpiece, has varnish nozzle with varnish disk positioned in space formed between sonotrode and reflector, atomizing varnish from the nozzle |
| DE10327431A1 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-05 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Ultrasonic standing-wave atomizer |
| DE10327430A1 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-05 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Ultrasonic standing-wave atomizer |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5259593A (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1993-11-09 | University Of Southern California | Apparatus for droplet stream manufacturing |
| US5268018A (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 1993-12-07 | General Electric Company | Controlled process for the production of a spray of atomized metal droplets |
| DE4328088B4 (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 2005-05-25 | Artur Prof. Dr. Goldschmidt | Process for coating workpieces with organic coating materials |
| US5746844A (en) * | 1995-09-08 | 1998-05-05 | Aeroquip Corporation | Method and apparatus for creating a free-form three-dimensional article using a layer-by-layer deposition of molten metal and using a stress-reducing annealing process on the deposited metal |
| US5718951A (en) * | 1995-09-08 | 1998-02-17 | Aeroquip Corporation | Method and apparatus for creating a free-form three-dimensional article using a layer-by-layer deposition of a molten metal and deposition of a powdered metal as a support material |
| US5617911A (en) * | 1995-09-08 | 1997-04-08 | Aeroquip Corporation | Method and apparatus for creating a free-form three-dimensional article using a layer-by-layer deposition of a support material and a deposition material |
| US5787965A (en) * | 1995-09-08 | 1998-08-04 | Aeroquip Corporation | Apparatus for creating a free-form metal three-dimensional article using a layer-by-layer deposition of a molten metal in an evacuation chamber with inert environment |
| US5669433A (en) * | 1995-09-08 | 1997-09-23 | Aeroquip Corporation | Method for creating a free-form metal three-dimensional article using a layer-by-layer deposition of a molten metal |
| DE10059594A1 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-06 | Solarworld Ag | Method and device for producing globular grains from ultrapure silicon with diameters from 50 mum to 300 mum and their use |
| JP2004290877A (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | Rotation atomizing coating apparatus |
| EP1857188A1 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-11-21 | Sika Technology AG | Method for applying a primer with an ultrasonic atomizer |
| TWI340677B (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2011-04-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Scrap removal method and apparatus |
| JP6615860B2 (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2019-12-04 | マイクロドース セラピューテクス，インコーポレイテッド | Dry powder sprayer |
| US20160228991A1 (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2016-08-11 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Acoustic manipulation and laser processing of particles for repair and manufacture of metallic components |
| CN109622980A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of contactless powder by atomization device and method of molten metal ultrasonic standing wave |
| CN110076346A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-08-02 | 中科音瀚声学技术(上海)有限公司 | A kind of ultrasonic standing wave atomization device suitable for manufacturing lemel |
| JP6839227B2 (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-03-03 | Ｄｇｓｈａｐｅ株式会社 | Droplet attachment device |
| CN113263182B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2023-04-25 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Fixed-point acoustic cavitation forming method and equipment for inner cavity of metal liquid drop |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2656330A1 (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1978-06-15 | Battelle Institut E V | Metal or alloy powders or granulates - prepd. by melting and atomising in an ultrasonic field |
| DE2842232C2 (en) * | 1978-09-28 | 1985-04-18 | Battelle-Institut E.V., 6000 Frankfurt | Method and device for atomizing liquids, suspensions and emulsions, agglomerated dusts or powders and mixtures thereof |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1099239B (en) * | 1958-07-07 | 1961-02-09 | Philips Nv | Ultrasonic vibrator for dispersing liquids in a gas |
| US3397258A (en) * | 1965-12-15 | 1968-08-13 | Sinclair Koppers Co | Process for extruding spherical expandable particles |
| DE2352678A1 (en) * | 1973-10-20 | 1975-04-30 | Reimar Prof Dr Phil Pohlman | Vibrating system for pressing plastics - without amplitude reduction when pressure is applied |
| US4264641A (en) * | 1977-03-17 | 1981-04-28 | Phrasor Technology Inc. | Electrohydrodynamic spraying to produce ultrafine particles |
| IT1148877B (en) * | 1980-06-30 | 1986-12-03 | Francesco Mario Vota | APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR THE GENERATION AND AUTOMATIC REGULATION OF ULTRASONIC WAVES, USED IN FLUID TREATMENT PROCESSES |
| GB2098498B (en) * | 1980-10-27 | 1984-08-22 | Secr Defence | Separating particles from fluid |
| US4455268A (en) * | 1981-07-09 | 1984-06-19 | Applied Polymer Technology, Inc. | Control system for processing composite materials |
| US4553917A (en) * | 1982-12-21 | 1985-11-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Apparatus for production of ultrapure amorphous metals utilizing acoustic cooling |
| GB8417241D0 (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1984-08-08 | Unilever Plc | Transducers and control means |
| JPS6178626A (en) * | 1984-09-26 | 1986-04-22 | Inoue Japax Res Inc | Apparatus for processing resin |
| JPS61221310A (en) * | 1985-03-26 | 1986-10-01 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Method and apparatus for producing pulverous powder of metal or alloy or the like |
| US4659014A (en) * | 1985-09-05 | 1987-04-21 | Delavan Corporation | Ultrasonic spray nozzle and method |
| JPS6393809A (en) * | 1986-10-07 | 1988-04-25 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Powder casting method |
-
1987
- 1987-09-25 DE DE19873732325 patent/DE3732325A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1988
- 1988-07-13 EP EP88111182A patent/EP0308600B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-28 JP JP63189559A patent/JPH01151967A/en active Pending
- 1988-09-15 US US07/247,106 patent/US4981425A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2656330A1 (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1978-06-15 | Battelle Institut E V | Metal or alloy powders or granulates - prepd. by melting and atomising in an ultrasonic field |
| DE2842232C2 (en) * | 1978-09-28 | 1985-04-18 | Battelle-Institut E.V., 6000 Frankfurt | Method and device for atomizing liquids, suspensions and emulsions, agglomerated dusts or powders and mixtures thereof |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3939178A1 (en) * | 1989-11-27 | 1991-05-29 | Branson Ultraschall | DEVICE FOR SPRAYING LIQUID AND SOLID MATERIALS, PREFERABLY MELTED METALS |
| EP0434980A2 (en) * | 1989-11-27 | 1991-07-03 | BRANSON ULTRASCHALL Niederlassung der EMERSON TECHNOLOGIES GmbH & CO. | Device for spraying liquid or solid materials, preferably melted metals |
| EP0434980A3 (en) * | 1989-11-27 | 1991-12-04 | Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung Der Emerson Technologies Gmbh & Co. | Device for spraying liquid or solid materials, preferably melted metals |
| US5122047A (en) * | 1989-11-27 | 1992-06-16 | Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung Der Emerson Technologies Gmbh & Co. | Apparatus for pulverizing at least a jet of a pulverizing fluid, preferably a molten metal |
| WO2002089998A1 (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2002-11-14 | Novel Technical Solutions Limited | Method and apparatus for atomising liquid media |
| DE10245324A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-08 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Method for atomizing paint coating materials, using an ultrasonic generator and reflector with a paint delivery tube having a deflector to prevent paint drops moving up the tube |
| DE10245326A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-08 | Abb Patent Gmbh | A method for atomizing paint coating materials has an ultrasonic generator and reflector setting up standing waves maximized at the center |
| DE10252437A1 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-27 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Ultrasonic standing wave atomizer appliance for coating components e.g. in the motor vehicle industry has paint feeder with paint discharge pipe sections in area of selected maximum of sound particle velocity of vertical ultrasonic field |
| DE10327429A1 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-05 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Ultrasonic stationary wave atomizer for generating varnish spray for painting workpiece, has varnish nozzle with varnish disk positioned in space formed between sonotrode and reflector, atomizing varnish from the nozzle |
| DE10327431A1 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-05 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Ultrasonic standing-wave atomizer |
| DE10327430A1 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-05 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Ultrasonic standing-wave atomizer |
| US7472850B2 (en) | 2003-06-18 | 2009-01-06 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Ultrasonic standing-wave atomizer arrangement |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0308600B1 (en) | 1991-03-06 |
| DE3732325A1 (en) | 1989-04-13 |
| US4981425A (en) | 1991-01-01 |
| JPH01151967A (en) | 1989-06-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0308600B1 (en) | Apparatus for the ultrasonic atomization of a fluid | |
| EP0308933B1 (en) | Process and device for the atomization of at least one jet of a liquid, preferably molten metal | |
| EP3894087B1 (en) | Cleaning device | |
| DE102009026636B4 (en) | A method of welding a membrane to a carrier in the manufacture of a membrane nebulizer | |
| US4575325A (en) | Device for atomizing liquid metals for the purpose of producing a finely granular powder | |
| CH653924A5 (en) | DEVICE FOR SPRAYING LIQUIDS. | |
| EP0625083B1 (en) | Workpiece grinder | |
| DE2749859A1 (en) | BURNER WITH SPRAYING OF LIQUID FUELS BY MEANS OF ULTRASONIC | |
| DE2842232C2 (en) | Method and device for atomizing liquids, suspensions and emulsions, agglomerated dusts or powders and mixtures thereof | |
| EP0361396A1 (en) | Process and apparatus for preparing an amorphous powder of a ceramic or metallic material | |
| EP3341155A1 (en) | Apparatus for laser hardfacing using a wobbling movement | |
| DE10012792A1 (en) | Method and device for processing components in which a molten phase is generated by local energy input | |
| EP0590164B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for producing stencil printing masters | |
| DE3939178A1 (en) | DEVICE FOR SPRAYING LIQUID AND SOLID MATERIALS, PREFERABLY MELTED METALS | |
| DE2656330C2 (en) | Process and device for the production of powders or granulates from metals and alloys | |
| DE4219549C2 (en) | Process for welding workpieces | |
| DE4129927C2 (en) | ||
| WO2017025069A1 (en) | Device for deburring work pieces by means of ultrasound | |
| LU87192A1 (en) | DEVICE FOR PRODUCING AMORPHOUS CERAMIC MATERIALS OR METAL ALLOYS | |
| DE2259521C3 (en) | Device for dividing a high-speed liquid jet | |
| EP0772495A1 (en) | Process and device for generating and metering a powdered aerosol | |
| DE19801832A1 (en) | Producing spherical particles of approximately the same diameter | |
| WO2018127317A1 (en) | Laser tool with a focus adjustment unit | |
| EP3986661B1 (en) | Method for boring or cutting by removing meltable or vapourisable material of a workpiece | |
| DE102022122235A1 (en) | Method for carrying out a cleaning process for cleaning a construction space of an additive manufacturing device for producing a three-dimensional object |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): FR GB IT NL SE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19890407 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19900222 |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): FR GB IT NL SE |
|
| ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: STUDIO JAUMANN |
|
| ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) | ||
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19920527 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19920629 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19920710 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19920731 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19930713 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19930714 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19940201 |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19930713 |
|
| NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Effective date: 19940331 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
| EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 88111182.7 Effective date: 19940210 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050713 |