EP0305251B1 - Injector mixer under pressure - Google Patents

Injector mixer under pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0305251B1
EP0305251B1 EP88402000A EP88402000A EP0305251B1 EP 0305251 B1 EP0305251 B1 EP 0305251B1 EP 88402000 A EP88402000 A EP 88402000A EP 88402000 A EP88402000 A EP 88402000A EP 0305251 B1 EP0305251 B1 EP 0305251B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
air
mixing
injector
inlet
pipe
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EP88402000A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0305251A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Lamort
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Stora Feldmuehle AG
Kadant Lamort SAS
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Stora Feldmuehle AG
E&M Lamort Fils SA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3121Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/75Flowing liquid aspirates gas

Definitions

  • paper pulp undergoes numerous purification, separation and various filtration, decontamination and de-inking treatments.
  • the present invention relates to devices for injecting liquid and air under pressure mixture, and in particular to devices for mixing paper pulp and air, used in decontamination and deinking cells by flotation.
  • One of the known techniques of decontamination and deinking consists in injecting air into the dough to be treated, at the entry of the cell. The air traps the charges and the ink particles in bubbles, and entrains them towards the surface to form a foam which is then sucked towards a separator.
  • the quality of deinking depends in particular on the quality of the mixture obtained in the injector: it is indeed necessary that the dough is very aerated in order to retain the maximum quantity of particles in the air bubbles and this aeration must be the most homogeneous and the most evenly distributed in the dough: the bubbles must be very small; and avoid even the irregular presence of large bubbles.
  • Injectors are generally used comprising a pressurized liquid inlet and a nozzle-shaped outlet; between the inlet and the outlet there is an air inlet and a cylinder in which the air, sucked in by the flow of the liquid, mixes there before reaching the conical part of the outlet.
  • a device of this kind is described in patent CH-A-581,493.
  • injector-mixers in which the dough flows in a tubular pipe in the form of a nozzle.
  • a profile of longitudinal section in the shape of a wing In the narrowest part is housed a profile of longitudinal section in the shape of a wing. The air is introduced approximately radially into the narrowest part.
  • Such a device is described in patent WO-A-85 01888.
  • the amount of air drawn into this type of injector is mainly a function of the supply pressure; it can for example be of the order of 150% of the volume of liquid; however, the problem is not so much to obtain a large flow of aspirated air but rather to ensure a large and constant homogeneity of the liquid-air mixture.
  • the liquid flow rate accepted by an injector cannot be increased indefinitely, by enlarging the section of the mixing cylinder: there is a maximum section. For example, it turns out that for a diameter greater than about 8mm, the aeration becomes irregular: formation of large bubbles, variable air flow, lower quality inking.
  • GB-A-1,582,898 describes another injection and mixing device in which the liquid supply line is divided into a plurality of small nozzles, opening into a common chamber supplied with air. Opposite each of these nozzles, there is a venturi-shaped outlet.
  • this device can function as a pump, it does not give satisfactory results in this deinking: the bubbles are irregular and burst, allowing the ink to escape.
  • the present invention aims to inject a liquid-air mixture at high flow rate, strong and regular aeration of the liquid and which solves the problems of clogging.
  • the injector 1 is generally cylindrical in shape and comprises a plurality of parallel and preferably identical injection tubes 2: six peripheral tubes 2 regularly distributed in a ring around a central tube, each being equal distance from its immediate neighbors.
  • the invention is not limited to this exemplary embodiment and the injector 1 can comprise a greater or lesser number of tubes, or even comprise only one.
  • Each tube has an inlet pipe 3 for the liquid, an aeration zone 4 for mixing the liquid and the air, and an outlet pipe 5.
  • the inlet pipe 3 comprises a converging truncated cone 6, followed by a cylinder 7, both of circular sections.
  • the cylindrical section 7 can be very short, it can even be nonexistent, its function is to stabilize the direction of flow after the inlet cone 6.
  • each tube has different frustoconical and cylindrical parts.
  • the cylindrical chamber 8 is a single volume, common to all the injection tubes 2 so that the injector comprises a bundle of inlet tubes 3 which all open into the chamber 8, and a bundle of outlet tubes 5 , which leave from chamber 8 towards the outlet of injector 1.
  • the chamber 8 in fact has vis-a-vis the liquid an air layer 23 which the plane jet must pass through; this blade is preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 24 of the injector.
  • the jet in the space of the room is thus permanently entirely surrounded by air and it can aerate as much as possible.
  • the blade 23 is limited to a chamber-shaped space 8, but it is also possible not to limit the space to a chamber, by separating the inlet parts from the mixing and outlet parts , and keeping them aligned coaxially with a certain distance between them. With such a variant the jet would pass through an air space 23 not limited to the walls of a chamber.
  • the diameter 13 of the mixing cylinder is greater than the outlet diameter 14 of the inlet cylinder 7 in order to accept a flow of aerated liquid, which is greater than the flow of liquid alone, and the inlet diameter 15 of the funnel centering 10 is substantially greater than the diameter 14 of the inlet cylinder 7 in order to present a large surface for receiving the jet of liquid coming from the cylinder 7.
  • the air inlet pipe 9 into the chamber 8 is arranged tangentially and perpendicular to the direction of the tubes 2 in order to create a rotating movement, promoting the mixing of the air in the liquid and above all promoting the cleaning of said chamber.
  • the liquid then arrives in the cylindrical part 11 of the mixing zone 4 where the air-liquid mixture is produced in the form of bubbles of very small dimensions and where the ink and the contaminants are trapped.
  • the mixture enters and crosses the divergent outlet cone 12, which is a draw cone.
  • Such multiple injectors provide both the advantages of large injectors (large flow) and small injectors (maximum ventilation) without having the disadvantages (significant maintenance, expensive equipment: valves, ...)
  • the injector 1 is produced in two parts 20, 21 assembled one against the other by screwing 22: the input part 20 comprises the input zone 3, the output part 21 comprises the centering funnel 10, the mixing cylinder 11, and the outlet cone 12.
  • a cylindrical recess is provided on one of the parts 20 or 21 (in the example it is the part 20) to form the chamber 8 which defines a cavity in the form of an air knife 23.
  • a cavity is dug laterally in the hollowed out room to form the tangential air inlet 9.

Description

Dans l'industrie papetière, la pâte à papier fait l'objet de nombreux traitements d'épuration, séparation et filtrations diverses, de décontamination et désencrage.In the paper industry, paper pulp undergoes numerous purification, separation and various filtration, decontamination and de-inking treatments.

La présente invention se rapporte aux dispositifs d'injections de mélange sous-pression de liquide et d'air, et notamment aux dispositifs mélangeurs de pâte à papier et d'air, utilisés dans les cellules de décontamination et de désencrage par flottation.The present invention relates to devices for injecting liquid and air under pressure mixture, and in particular to devices for mixing paper pulp and air, used in decontamination and deinking cells by flotation.

Une des techniques connues de décontamination et désencrage consiste à injecter de l'air dans la pâte à traîter, à l'entrée de la cellule. L'air emprisonne les charges et les particules d'encre dans des bulles, et les entraîne vers la surface pour former une mousse qui est ensuite aspirée vers un séparateur.One of the known techniques of decontamination and deinking consists in injecting air into the dough to be treated, at the entry of the cell. The air traps the charges and the ink particles in bubbles, and entrains them towards the surface to form a foam which is then sucked towards a separator.

La qualité du désencrage dépend notamment de la qualité du mélange obtenu dans l'injecteur : il est en effet nécessaire que la pâte soit très aérée afin de retenir la quantité maximale de particules dans les bulles d'air et cette aération doit être la plus homogène et la plus régulièrement répartie dans la pâte : les bulles doivent être de très petites tailles ; et il faut éviter la présence même irrégulière de grosses bulles.The quality of deinking depends in particular on the quality of the mixture obtained in the injector: it is indeed necessary that the dough is very aerated in order to retain the maximum quantity of particles in the air bubbles and this aeration must be the most homogeneous and the most evenly distributed in the dough: the bubbles must be very small; and avoid even the irregular presence of large bubbles.

Dans la technique des mélanges liquide-gaz, de très nombreux injecteurs ont été étudiés, chacun donnant des résultats particuliers correspondant au problème spécifique à résoudre.In the technique of liquid-gas mixtures, very many injectors have been studied, each giving particular results corresponding to the specific problem to be solved.

Dans la pratique, les écoulements des fluides se faisant à grande vitesse dans ces injecteurs, il suffit d'une légère variation soit de dimensions, soit de disposition des éléments, soit encore de structure pour que les résultats soient considérablement modifiés. En outre, il est habituellement impossible de prévoir les résultats de fonctionnement d'un injecteur placé dans des conditions différentes de celles pour lesquelles il a été conçu. Notamment, on ne peut pas transposer les résultats d'un injecteur-mélangeur gaz-gaz à ceux d'un injecteur-mélangeur liquide-liquide, et encore moins à ceux d'un injecteur-mélangeur liquide-gaz.In practice, the flow of fluids being done at high speed in these injectors, it is enough a slight variation either of dimensions, or of arrangement of the elements, or even of structure for that the results be significantly changed. In addition, it is usually impossible to predict the operating results of an injector placed under conditions different from those for which it was designed. In particular, the results of a gas-gas injector-mixer cannot be transposed to those of a liquid-liquid injector-mixer, and even less to those of a liquid-gas injector-mixer.

Dans le domaine de l'aération de la pâte à papier avant désencrage, il ne s'agit pas de mélanger deux corps de phases identiques, ni seulement d'introduire de l'air dans un liquide comportant de l'encre et une grande quantité de fibres, il s'agit avant tout de former des bulles, en très grande nombre, et toutes de taille semblable.In the field of aeration of paper pulp before deinking, it is not a question of mixing two bodies of identical phases, nor only of introducing air into a liquid comprising ink and a large quantity of fibers, it is above all a question of forming bubbles, in very great number, and all of similar size.

On utilise généralement des injecteurs comportent une entrée de liquide sous pression et une sortie en forme de tuyère ; entre l'entrée et la sortie on dispose une entrée d'air et un cylindre dans lequel l'air, aspiré par l'écoulement du liquide, s'y mélange avant d'atteindre la partie conique de la sortie. Un dispositif de ce genre est décrit au brevet CH-A-581 493.Injectors are generally used comprising a pressurized liquid inlet and a nozzle-shaped outlet; between the inlet and the outlet there is an air inlet and a cylinder in which the air, sucked in by the flow of the liquid, mixes there before reaching the conical part of the outlet. A device of this kind is described in patent CH-A-581,493.

Ces injecteurs comportent habituellement un tube d'arrivée d'air dont l'extrémité est coaxiale à l'alimentation en liquide. En fonctionnement, on observe en fait autour de l'extrémité du tube d'air, la formation d'un anneau d'air, l'air se mélangeant à l'eau à l'extrémité aval de l'anneau. Cependant, le mélange n'est pas toujours de bonne qualité car l'anneau est trop court ou trop mince, ou le mélange est irrégulièrement réparti. Il s'ensuit que la formation des bulles est irrégulière et le désencrage obtenu est médiocre.These injectors usually have an air inlet tube whose end is coaxial with the liquid supply. In operation, we actually observe around the end of the air tube, the formation of an air ring, the air mixing with water at the downstream end of the ring. However, the mixture is not always of good quality because the ring is too short or too thin, or the mixture is unevenly distributed. It follows that the formation of bubbles is irregular and the deinking obtained is poor.

Il existe également des injecteurs-mélangeurs dans lesquels la pâte s'écoule dans une conduite tubulaire en forme de tuyère. Dans la partie la plus étroite est logé un profil de section longitudinale en forme d'aile. L'air est introduit à peu près radialement dans la partie la plus étroite. Un tel dispositif est décrit au brevet WO-A-85 01888.There are also injector-mixers in which the dough flows in a tubular pipe in the form of a nozzle. In the narrowest part is housed a profile of longitudinal section in the shape of a wing. The air is introduced approximately radially into the narrowest part. Such a device is described in patent WO-A-85 01888.

Cependant, de tels types d'injecteurs ne donnent encore que de médiocres résultats.However, such types of injectors still give only poor results.

La quantité d'air aspirée dans ce type d'injecteur est principalement fonction de la pression d'alimentation; elle peut par exemple être de l'ordre de 150% du volume de liquide ; cependant le problème n'est pas tant d'obtenir un grand débit d'air aspiré mais plutôt d'assurer une grande et constante homogénéité du mélange liquide-air.The amount of air drawn into this type of injector is mainly a function of the supply pressure; it can for example be of the order of 150% of the volume of liquid; however, the problem is not so much to obtain a large flow of aspirated air but rather to ensure a large and constant homogeneity of the liquid-air mixture.

Il s'avère aussi que la quantité de liquide elle-même ne peut dépasser une certaine limite car la vitesse de sortie serait trop élevée, et l'impact des bulles, en sortie, contre l'air ambiant, les ferait s'éclater et l'encre ensuite retournerait en phase liquide.It also turns out that the quantity of liquid itself cannot exceed a certain limit because the exit speed would be too high, and the impact of the bubbles, on exit, against the ambient air, would cause them to burst and the ink would then return to the liquid phase.

Le débit de liquide accepté par un injecteur ne peut pas être indefiniment augmenté, en agrandissant la section du cylindre de mélange : il existe une section maximale. Par exemple il s'avère que pour un diamètre supérieur à environ 8mm, l'aération devient irrégulière : formation de grosses bulles, débit d'air variable, désencrage de moindre qualité.The liquid flow rate accepted by an injector cannot be increased indefinitely, by enlarging the section of the mixing cylinder: there is a maximum section. For example, it turns out that for a diameter greater than about 8mm, the aeration becomes irregular: formation of large bubbles, variable air flow, lower quality inking.

Aussi on résoud ce problème généralement en utilisant plusieurs injecteurs classiques alimentés en parallèle. Mais ces injecteurs sont de faibles sections et présentent alors l'inconvénient de se boucher facilement : lors des arrêts de fonctionnement les impuretés se déposent dans les conduites, en amont des injecteurs, s'agglomèrent et sèchent assez rapidement. Au démarrage suivant, elles se décollent et provoquent des obturations des injecteurs. Ces injecteurs qui sont généralement formés d'un seul bloc doivent être démontés entièrement afin de les déboucher.This problem is generally solved by using several conventional injectors supplied in parallel. However, these injectors are small in cross-section and therefore have the drawback of clogging easily: during stops in operation, the impurities are deposited in the pipes, upstream of the injectors, agglomerate and dry fairly quickly. At the next start, they come off and cause the injectors to become blocked. These injectors which are generally formed in a single block must be completely dismantled in order to unblock them.

Le brevet GB-A-1 582 898 décrit un autre dispositif d'injection et mélange dans lequel la conduite d'alimentation en liquide est divisée en une pluralité de petites buses, débouchant dans une chambre commune alimentée en air. En face de chacune de ces buses, on dispose une sortie en forme de venturi.GB-A-1,582,898 describes another injection and mixing device in which the liquid supply line is divided into a plurality of small nozzles, opening into a common chamber supplied with air. Opposite each of these nozzles, there is a venturi-shaped outlet.

Cependant, si ce dispositif peut fonctionner comme une pompe, il ne donne pas de résultats satisfaisants dans ce désencrage: les bulles sont irrégulières et éclatent en laissant échapper l'encre.However, if this device can function as a pump, it does not give satisfactory results in this deinking: the bubbles are irregular and burst, allowing the ink to escape.

La présente invention a pour objectif un injecteur de mélange liquide-air à grand débit, forte et régulière aération du liquide et qui résoud les problèmes de bouchage.The present invention aims to inject a liquid-air mixture at high flow rate, strong and regular aeration of the liquid and which solves the problems of clogging.

Elle a pour objet un dispositif de mélange de pâte à papier et d'air du type injecteur sous pression comportant une alimentation axiale en pâte sous pression, une alimentation latérale en air, au moins un tube d'injection comprenant successivement une conduite d'entrée convergente, un espace d'aération, un entonnoir de réception et centrage du jet, une conduite cylindrique de mélange, et une conduite de sortie et de tirage divergente, de longueur au moins égale à celle de la conduite du mélange, et dans lequel l'alimentation en air est à la pression atmosphérique caractérisé en ce que, en combinaison :

  • l'espace d'aération est plan, à la forme d'un disque circulaire limité par les parois d'une chambre cylindrique d'axe parallèle à l'axe de l'injecteur, il présente une épaisseur d'au moins 5 mm, la conduite d'entrée y débouche perpendiculairement transversalement, et il est alimenté tangentiellement de façon à former un courant d'air tournant dans la chambre;
  • la longueur de la conduite de mélange est comprise entre 4 et 9 fois son diamètre.
  • l'angle α d'ouverture du cône de la conduite de sortie est compris entre 1 et 3°.
It relates to a device for mixing paper pulp and air of the pressure injector type comprising an axial supply of pressurized pulp, a lateral air supply, at least one injection tube successively comprising an inlet pipe. converging, an aeration space, a funnel for receiving and centering the jet, a cylindrical mixing pipe, and a divergent outlet and drawing pipe, of length at least equal to that of the mixing pipe, and in which the air supply is at atmospheric pressure characterized in that, in combination:
  • the aeration space is flat, in the form of a circular disc limited by the walls of a cylindrical chamber with an axis parallel to the axis of the injector, it has a thickness of at least 5 mm, the inlet pipe opens out perpendicularly transversely there, and it is supplied tangentially so as to form a current of air rotating in the chamber;
  • the length of the mixing line is between 4 and 9 times its diameter.
  • the opening angle α of the cone of the outlet pipe is between 1 and 3 °.

L'injecteur est encore remarquable par les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • l'entrée d'air (9) est disposée horizontalement à la partie inférieure de l'injecteur (1).
  • il comporte une pluralité de tubes d'injection (2) parallèles disposés en couronne autour d'un tube d'injection (2) central, et tous ont les mêmes dimensions.
  • le diamètre d'entrée (15) de l'entonnoir (10) est égal au maximum à 1,5 fois celui de la conduite d'entrée (7), et la longueur de l'entonnoir est égale à son diamètre (15) d'entrée.
  • l'épaisseur d'aération est au plus de 15 mm.
  • le diamêtre de la conduite de mélange est constant et légèrement supérieur à celui de la conduite d'entrée,
  • la longueur de la conduite de mélange est très supérieure à son diamètre, de l'ordre de 4 à 9 fois ;
  • la longueur de la conduite de sortie est au moins égale à celle de la conduite de mélange et l'angle α d'ouverture du cône est de l'ordre de 1 à 3°.
The injector is also remarkable for the following characteristics:
  • the air inlet (9) is arranged horizontally at the bottom of the injector (1).
  • it comprises a plurality of parallel injection tubes (2) arranged in a ring around a central injection tube (2), and all have the same dimensions.
  • the inlet diameter (15) of the funnel (10) is at most 1.5 times that of the inlet pipe (7), and the length of the funnel is equal to its diameter (15) entry.
  • the ventilation thickness is at most 15 mm.
  • the diameter of the mixing pipe is constant and slightly greater than that of the inlet pipe,
  • the length of the mixing pipe is much greater than its diameter, of the order of 4 to 9 times;
  • the length of the outlet pipe is at least equal to that of the mixing pipe and the cone opening angle α is of the order of 1 to 3 °.

L'injecteur est encore remarquable par les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • l'entrée d'air est disposée horizontalement à la partie inférieure de l'injecteur ;
  • l'injecteur comporte une pluralité de tubes d'injection parallèles, disposés en couronne autour d'un tube d'injection central, et tous ont les mêmes dimensions ;
  • la conduite de mélange de chaque tube comporte un entonnoir de réception et centrage du jet, convergeant vers ladite conduite de mélange ;
  • le diamêtre d'entrée de l'entonnoir est égal au maximum à 1,5 fois celui de la conduite d'entrée, et la longueur de l'entonnoir est sensiblement égale à son diamètre ;
  • l'espace d'aération a la forme d'un disque circulaire dans lequel débouchant perpendiculairement les conduites d'entrée de la pâte.
  • ledit disque étant d'épaisseur susbtantiellement voisine du diamètre d'une conduite d'entrée, et il comporte une arrivée d'air tangentielle ;
  • l'épaisseur du disque d'aération est comprise entre 5 et 15 mm, de préférence entre 10 et 12 mm.
  • l'injecteur est constitué de deux pièces, l'une comportant la ou les conduites d'entrée et une conduite d'arrivée d'air tangentielle, l'autre comportant les entonnoirs de réception et centrage des jets, les conduites de mélange, les cônes de sortie divergents, les deux pièces étant assemblées par vissage ou autre moyen connu, de telle sorte que l'assemblage forme entre les deux pièces, un espace, communicant avec la conduite d'arrivée d'air, en forme de disque plan ou de cylindre, séparant les conduites d'entrée de liquide des conduites de sortie de mélange.
The injector is also remarkable for the following characteristics:
  • the air inlet is arranged horizontally at the bottom of the injector;
  • the injector comprises a plurality of parallel injection tubes, arranged in a ring around a central injection tube, and all have the same dimensions;
  • the mixing pipe of each tube comprises a funnel for receiving and centering the jet, converging on said mixing pipe;
  • the inlet diameter of the funnel is at most 1.5 times that of the inlet pipe, and the length of the funnel is substantially equal to its diameter;
  • the aeration space has the shape of a circular disc in which the dough inlet pipes open perpendicularly.
  • said disc being of thickness substantially close to the diameter of an inlet pipe, and it comprises a tangential air inlet;
  • the thickness of the aeration disc is between 5 and 15 mm, preferably between 10 and 12 mm.
  • the injector consists of two parts, one comprising the inlet pipe or pipes and a tangential air inlet pipe, the other comprising the funnels for receiving and centering the jets, the mixing pipes, the divergent outlet cones, the two parts being assembled by screwing or other known means, so that the assembly forms between the two parts, a space, communicating with the air supply duct, in the form of a flat disc or cylinder, separating the liquid inlet pipes from the mixture outlet pipes.

L'injecteur selon l'invention apporte les avantages suivants :

  • 1°- l'aération du liquide est améliorée en qualité et en régularité : débit d'air aspiré élevé suivi d'un désencrage important. L'amélioration est remarquable même avec des pourcentages d'air importants, de l'ordre de 150%.
  • 2°- L'installation est simplifiée car il est possible de remplacer par exemple, les 16 injecteurs unitaires répartis actuellement sur la périphérie de la cellule, par un ou deux injecteurs multiples selon l'invention.
  • 3°- Le nettoyage est aisé du fait de la conception en deux parties facilement démontables.
The injector according to the invention provides the following advantages:
  • 1 ° - the aeration of the liquid is improved in quality and regularity: high suction air flow rate followed by significant deinking. The improvement is remarkable even with large percentages of air, of the order of 150%.
  • 2 ° - The installation is simplified because it is possible to replace for example, the 16 unit injectors currently distributed on the periphery of the cell, by one or two multiple injectors according to the invention.
  • 3 ° - Cleaning is easy due to the design in two easily removable parts.

A titre d'exemple et pour mieux comprendre l'invention, on a représenté au dessin annexé :

  • Figure 1 une vue schématique de face d'un injecteur selon l'invention;
  • Figure 2 une vue en coupe A-A longitudinale de l'injecteur de la figure 1.
By way of example and to better understand the invention, the following drawing shows:
  • Figure 1 a schematic front view of an injector according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 a longitudinal sectional view AA of the injector of Figure 1.

Comme le montre le dessin, l'injecteur 1 est de forme générale cylindrique et comporte une pluralité de tubes d'injection 2 parallèles et de préférence identiques : six tubes 2 périphériques régulièrement répartis en couronne autour d'un tube central, chacun étant à égale distance de ses voisins immédiats.As shown in the drawing, the injector 1 is generally cylindrical in shape and comprises a plurality of parallel and preferably identical injection tubes 2: six peripheral tubes 2 regularly distributed in a ring around a central tube, each being equal distance from its immediate neighbors.

Mais l'invention n'est pas limitée à cet exemple de réalisation et l'injecteur 1 peut comporter un plus ou moins grand nombre de tubes, voire n'en comporter qu'un seul.However, the invention is not limited to this exemplary embodiment and the injector 1 can comprise a greater or lesser number of tubes, or even comprise only one.

Chaque tube comporte une conduite d'entrée 3 du liquide, une zone 4 d'aération et de mélange du liquide et de l'air, et une conduite 5 de sortie.Each tube has an inlet pipe 3 for the liquid, an aeration zone 4 for mixing the liquid and the air, and an outlet pipe 5.

La conduite d'entrée 3 comporte un tronc de cône 6 convergent, suivi d'un cylindre 7, tous deux de sections circulaires. La section cylindrique 7 peut être très courte, elle peut même être inexistante, sa fonction est de stabiliser la direction de l'écoulement après le cône d'entrée 6.The inlet pipe 3 comprises a converging truncated cone 6, followed by a cylinder 7, both of circular sections. The cylindrical section 7 can be very short, it can even be nonexistent, its function is to stabilize the direction of flow after the inlet cone 6.

La zone 4 d'aération et de mélange d'un tube 2 comporte successivement:

  • un espace d'aération 8 limité par les parois 25 d'une chambre de section circulaire, communicant avec l'extérieur par une conduite 9 d'entrée d'air, disposée tangentiellement à la chambre et perpendiculairement à la direction d'écoulement du liquide ;
  • un tronc de cône convergent, ou entonnoir de centrage du jet 10, de section circulaire, suivi d'un cylindre de mélange 11 de section circulaire.
  • la conduite de sortie 5 d'un tube 2 comportant un divergent 12, de section circulaire, de tirage ou détente de mélange mousseux.
The aeration and mixing zone 4 of a tube 2 successively comprises:
  • an aeration space 8 limited by the walls 25 of a chamber of circular section, communicating with the outside by an air inlet pipe 9, arranged tangentially to the chamber and perpendicular to the direction of flow of the liquid ;
  • a converging truncated cone, or centering funnel of the jet 10, of circular section, followed by a mixing cylinder 11 of circular section.
  • the outlet pipe 5 of a tube 2 comprising a divergent 12, of circular section, of draft or expansion of the frothy mixture.

Les différentes parties tronconiques et cylindriques de chaque tube sont coaxiales.The different frustoconical and cylindrical parts of each tube are coaxial.

La chambre cylindrique 8 est un volume unique, commun à tous les tubes d'injection 2 de telle sorte que l'injecteur comporte un faisceau de tubes d'entrée 3 qui débouchent tous dans la chambre 8, et un faisceau de tubes de sortie 5, qui partent de la chambre 8 vers la sortie de l'injecteur 1.The cylindrical chamber 8 is a single volume, common to all the injection tubes 2 so that the injector comprises a bundle of inlet tubes 3 which all open into the chamber 8, and a bundle of outlet tubes 5 , which leave from chamber 8 towards the outlet of injector 1.

La chambre 8 présente en fait vis-à-vis du liquide une lame d'air 23 plane que le jet doit traverser ; cette lame est de préférence perpendiculaire à l'axe 24 longitudinal de l'injecteur. Le jet dans l'espace de la chambre est ainsi en permanence entièrement entouré d'air et il peut s'aérer au maximum. Dans l'exemple de réalisation, la lame 23 est limitée à un espace en forme de chambre 8, mais il est également possible de ne pas limiter l'espace à une chambre, en séparant les pièces d'entrée des pièces de mélange et sortie, et en les maintenant alignées coaxialement avec une certaine distance entre elles. Avec une telle variante le jet traverserait une lame d'air 23 non limitée aux parois d'une chambre.The chamber 8 in fact has vis-a-vis the liquid an air layer 23 which the plane jet must pass through; this blade is preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 24 of the injector. The jet in the space of the room is thus permanently entirely surrounded by air and it can aerate as much as possible. In the embodiment, the blade 23 is limited to a chamber-shaped space 8, but it is also possible not to limit the space to a chamber, by separating the inlet parts from the mixing and outlet parts , and keeping them aligned coaxially with a certain distance between them. With such a variant the jet would pass through an air space 23 not limited to the walls of a chamber.

Le diamètre 13 du cylindre de mélange est supérieur au diamètre 14 de sortie du cylindre 7 d'entrée afin d'accepter un débit de liquide aéré, lequel est supérieur au débit de liquide seul, et le diamètre 15 d'entrée de l'entonnoir de centrage 10 est sensiblement supérieur au diamètre 14 du cylindre 7 d'entrée pour présenter une grande surface de réception au jet de liquide provenant du cylindre 7.The diameter 13 of the mixing cylinder is greater than the outlet diameter 14 of the inlet cylinder 7 in order to accept a flow of aerated liquid, which is greater than the flow of liquid alone, and the inlet diameter 15 of the funnel centering 10 is substantially greater than the diameter 14 of the inlet cylinder 7 in order to present a large surface for receiving the jet of liquid coming from the cylinder 7.

Le fonctionnement l'injecteur 1 est le suivant :

  • le liquide est alimenté sous pression dans les tubes 2 d'entrée; sa vitesse augmente dans la section tronconique d'entrée 6 ; il pénètre dans la lame d'air 23 et la traverse sous forme d'un jet, puis pénètre dans l'entonnoir de centrage 10.
The operation of the injector 1 is as follows:
  • the liquid is supplied under pressure in the inlet tubes 2; its speed increases in the tapered inlet section 6; it enters the air space 23 and passes through it in the form of a jet, then enters the centering funnel 10.

Le passage du liquide à grande vitesse à travers la lame d'air 23 limitée par la chambre 8 lui permet une parfaite aération.The passage of the liquid at high speed through the air gap 23 limited by the chamber 8 allows it to be perfectly ventilated.

La conduite 9 d'arrivée d'air dans la chambre 8 est disposée tangentiellement et perpendiculairement à la direction des tubes 2 afin de créer un mouvement tournant, favorisant le mélange de l'air dans le liquide et surtout favorisant le nettoyage de ladite chambre.The air inlet pipe 9 into the chamber 8 is arranged tangentially and perpendicular to the direction of the tubes 2 in order to create a rotating movement, promoting the mixing of the air in the liquid and above all promoting the cleaning of said chamber.

En outre cette conduite est disposée inférieurement sous l'axe d'écoulement, cette disposition permet :

  • 1°- d'évacuer immédiatement le liquide résiduel lorsque le fonctionnement de l'installation est arrêté, et d'éviter la formation de croûte;
  • 2°- en cas d'obstruction d'une des conduites 10,11,12, de renvoyer le liquide provenant de la conduite d'entrée 3 correspondante, dans les autres conduites 10,11,12, et de briser les particules qui sont à l'origine de l'obstruction.
In addition, this pipe is arranged below the flow axis, this arrangement allows:
  • 1 ° - to immediately evacuate the residual liquid when the operation of the installation is stopped, and to avoid the formation of crust;
  • 2 ° - in the event of obstruction of one of the pipes 10,11,12, to return the liquid coming from the corresponding inlet pipe 3, in the other pipes 10,11,12, and to break the particles which are causing the obstruction.

Le liquide arrive ensuite dans la partie cylindrique 11 de la zone de mélange 4 où se réalise le mélange air-liquide sous forme de bulles de très faibles dimensions et où l'encre et les contaminants sont piégés.The liquid then arrives in the cylindrical part 11 of the mixing zone 4 where the air-liquid mixture is produced in the form of bubbles of very small dimensions and where the ink and the contaminants are trapped.

En fin de parcours le mélange pénètre et traverse le cône divergent 12 de sortie, qui est un cône de tirage.At the end of the journey, the mixture enters and crosses the divergent outlet cone 12, which is a draw cone.

Afin que cette structure d'injecteurs puisse fonctionner correctement, il est important d'observer les ordres de grandeurs des dimensions suivantes :

  • la conduite de mélange est de section constante légèrement supérieure à celle de la conduite d'entrée;
  • la conduite de mélange est de longueur très supérieure à son diamètre, de l'ordre de 4 à 8 fois et plus ;
  • la conduite de sortie est de longueur au moins égale à celle de la conduite de mélange, et l'angle α d'ouverture du cône de tirage est très faible, de l'ordre 1° à 3° ;
  • la section d'entrée de l'entonnoir est au plus égale à 1,5 fois celle de la section de la conduite d'entrée;
  • la longueur de l'entonnoir est très petite ; au plus elle est égale à son diamètre.
  • l'épaisseur de la lame d'air 23 est voisine du diamètre 14 d'une conduite d'entrée.
  • l'épaisseur de la lame d'air 23 est comprise entre 5 et 15 mm, de préférence entre 10 et 12 mm. Cette épaisseur est en relation avec la longueur des fibres. Lorsqu'il y a un début de bouchage il faut que les fibres puissent se répartir dans la chambre 25 et s'écouler par un tube non bouché. Le fait que l'épaisseur de la lame d'air 23 soit de même grandeur que la longueur des fibres, évite ainsi le bouchage de l'injecteur, et assurance son débouchage.
In order for this injector structure to function properly, it is important to observe the orders of magnitude of the following dimensions:
  • the mixing line has a constant cross section slightly greater than that of the inlet line;
  • the mixing line is much longer than its diameter, of the order of 4 to 8 times and more;
  • the outlet pipe is of length at least equal to that of the mixing pipe, and the opening angle α of the draw cone is very small, of the order of 1 ° to 3 °;
  • the inlet section of the funnel is at most 1.5 times that of the section of the inlet pipe;
  • the length of the funnel is very small; at most it is equal to its diameter.
  • the thickness of the air gap 23 is close to the diameter 14 of an inlet pipe.
  • the thickness of the air gap 23 is between 5 and 15 mm, preferably between 10 and 12 mm. This thickness is related to the length of the fibers. When there is a start of plugging, the fibers must be able to distribute themselves in chamber 25 and flow through an unclogged tube. The fact that the thickness of the air gap 23 is the same magnitude as the length of the fibers, thus avoids clogging of the injector, and ensures its unclogging.

L'exemple de réalisation illustré présente les caractéristiques dimensionnelles suivantes :

  • la pente de l'entonnoir 10 de centrage est de l'ordre de 7%, de même que celle du cône d'entrée 6,
  • le rapport d'ouverture du cône de tirage 12 est inférieur à 2%, soit un angle α d'environ 1°30′, mais ces caractéristiques ne sont pas obligatoires;
  • pour un diamètre 14 de la conduite d'entrée , de 12 mm, le diamètre 15 de l'entonnoir est de l'ordre de 16 mm, la longueur de l'entonnoir de l'ordre de 6 mm, le diamètre 13 de la conduite de mélange est de l'ordre de 14 mm et sa longueur de 60 à 120 mm, la longueur du cône de sortie est de 70 à 140 mm, l'angle α de 1° environ, et l'épaisseur de la lame d'air est comprise entre 10 et 12 mm.
The example embodiment illustrated has the following dimensional characteristics:
  • the slope of the centering funnel 10 is around 7%, as is that of the inlet cone 6,
  • the opening ratio of the draft cone 12 is less than 2%, or an angle α of approximately 1 ° 30 ′, but these characteristics are not compulsory;
  • for a diameter 14 of the inlet pipe, of 12 mm, the diameter 15 of the funnel is of the order of 16 mm, the length of the funnel of the order of 6 mm, the diameter 13 of the mixing line is of the order of 14 mm and its length from 60 to 120 mm, the length of the outlet cone is from 70 to 140 mm, the angle α of approximately 1 °, and the thickness of the blade d air is between 10 and 12 mm.

De tels injecteurs multiples apportent à la fois les avantages des gros injecteurs (débit important) et des petits injecteurs (aération maximale) sans en avoir les inconvénients (entretien important, équipements coûteux: vannes, ...)Such multiple injectors provide both the advantages of large injectors (large flow) and small injectors (maximum ventilation) without having the disadvantages (significant maintenance, expensive equipment: valves, ...)

En outre dans la variante illustrée, l'injecteur 1 est réalisé en deux pièces 20,21 assemblées l'une contre l'autre par vissage 22 : la pièce d'entrée 20 comporte la zone d'entrée 3, la pièce de sortie 21 comporte l'entonnoir 10 de centrage, le cylindre 11 de mélange, et le cône de détente 12 de sortie. Un évidement cylindrique est prévu sur l'une des pièces 20 ou 21, (dans l'exemple c'est la pièce 20) pour former la chambre 8 qui définit une cavité en forme de lame d'air 23. Une cavité est creusée latéralement dans la pièce évidée pour former l'arrivée d'air tangentielle 9.In addition, in the illustrated variant, the injector 1 is produced in two parts 20, 21 assembled one against the other by screwing 22: the input part 20 comprises the input zone 3, the output part 21 comprises the centering funnel 10, the mixing cylinder 11, and the outlet cone 12. A cylindrical recess is provided on one of the parts 20 or 21 (in the example it is the part 20) to form the chamber 8 which defines a cavity in the form of an air knife 23. A cavity is dug laterally in the hollowed out room to form the tangential air inlet 9.

Claims (5)

  1. Device of the pressurized injector type for mixing paper pulp and air comprising an axial pressurized pulp supply, a lateral air supply, at least one injection tube (2) comprising successively a convergent inlet pipe (7), an aeration space (8), a funnel portion (10) for receiving and centring the jet, a cylindrical mixing pipe and a divergent drawing and outlet pipe which is at least as long as the mixing pipe and in which the air supply is at atmospheric pressure, characterised in that in combination:
    - the aeration space (8) is planar, in the form of a circular disc (23) delimited by the walls (25) of a cylindrical chamber having an axis parallel to the axis (24) of the injector, and is at least 5 mm thick, the inlet pipe (7) opening out thereinto transversely in a perpendicular manner, and it is supplied tangentially so as to form an air current circulating in the chamber;
    - the length of the mixing pipe (11) is between 4 and 9 times that of its diameter (13);
    - the opening angle α of the outlet pipe taper is between 1 and 3°.
  2. Device for mixing liquid and air according to Claim 1, characterised in that the air inlet (9) is disposed horizontally to the lower part of the injector (1).
  3. Device for mixing liquid and air according to Claim 1, characterised in that the injector (1) comprises a plurality of parallel injection tubes (2) which are disposed in a ring about a central injection tube (2) and all have the same dimensions.
  4. Device for mixing liquid and air according to Claim 1, characterised in that the inlet diameter (15) of the funnel portion (10) is at most 1.5 times that of the inlet pipe (7), and the length of the funnel portion is equal to its inlet diameter (15).
  5. Device for mixing liquid and air according to Claim 1, characterised in that the aeration thickness is at most 15 mm.
EP88402000A 1987-08-07 1988-08-01 Injector mixer under pressure Expired - Lifetime EP0305251B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8711273A FR2619023B1 (en) 1987-08-07 1987-08-07 PRESSURE MIXER INJECTOR
FR8711273 1987-08-07

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EP0305251A1 EP0305251A1 (en) 1989-03-01
EP0305251B1 true EP0305251B1 (en) 1992-07-08

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EP (1) EP0305251B1 (en)
JP (2) JPH01159038A (en)
DE (1) DE3872624T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2034320T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2619023B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2034320T3 (en) 1993-04-01
FR2619023A1 (en) 1989-02-10
US4842777A (en) 1989-06-27
JPH01159038A (en) 1989-06-22
JPH0730122Y2 (en) 1995-07-12
EP0305251A1 (en) 1989-03-01
JPH07519U (en) 1995-01-06
DE3872624T2 (en) 1993-02-25
DE3872624D1 (en) 1992-08-13
FR2619023B1 (en) 1991-04-12

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