EP0291424B1 - Method and apparatus for compacting foundry moulding sand by vibrations - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for compacting foundry moulding sand by vibrations Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0291424B1
EP0291424B1 EP88420146A EP88420146A EP0291424B1 EP 0291424 B1 EP0291424 B1 EP 0291424B1 EP 88420146 A EP88420146 A EP 88420146A EP 88420146 A EP88420146 A EP 88420146A EP 0291424 B1 EP0291424 B1 EP 0291424B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mold
vibrations
sand
station
installation according
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EP88420146A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0291424A1 (en
Inventor
Michel Figueras
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FM Industrie
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FM Industrie
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Priority to AT88420146T priority Critical patent/ATE59592T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C15/00—Moulding machines characterised by the compacting mechanism; Accessories therefor
    • B22C15/10—Compacting by jarring devices only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
    • B22C9/046—Use of patterns which are eliminated by the liquid metal in the mould

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of making parts, more generally metallic, from a mass of raw material poured in the molten state into the cavity or cavity of a mold, generally made of sand.
  • the invention relates, more specifically, to the method of manufacturing by molding of the consumable model type. According to the preamble of claim 1 and, a foundry installation according to the preamble of claim 6.
  • the technique for manufacturing a part, using a consumable model consists of executing the part to be obtained in the form of a three-dimensional model, made of a material capable of gasifying by pyrolysis on contact with the material. molten casting.
  • a model is generally made from expanded polystyrene.
  • a model thus obtained is, most often, subjected to a coating operation, so as to give it a kind of skin or weak outer shell, forming an armature, giving good mechanical strength to such a model, as well as a resistance temporary thermal during the casting of the molten material.
  • Such a model is wrapped in a mass of sand contained in a mold and generally vibrated, to give it good cohesion, good compaction and suitable tightening around the model, in order to marry the different forms of the latter.
  • the molten material can be poured into the casting to cause the gasification of the expanded polystyrene, releasing, inside the tight sand, a cavity or negative imprint corresponding exactly to the positive imprint. of the model.
  • the cast raw material thus occupies a negative imprint which is the exact replica of the model.
  • a cooling phase then makes it possible to dispose of the workpiece after unhooking.
  • the present invention relates to a method of clamping by vibration of the sand in a foundry mold, by the implementation of the method with consumable model, method of which the different operational phases are, precisely, provided to eliminate the above drawbacks and lead to a vibration tightening phase making it possible to delimit, by the sand surrounding a consumable model, an exact, precise and faithful reproduction in negative imprint of the positive form of the consumable model.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that it consists in applying to the mold high frequency vibrations, of low amplitude, by generators inclined in a convergent downward fashion, bearing on two opposite faces of the mold and generating from one face to the other vibrations with substantially circular propagation rotating in opposite directions.
  • Fig. 1 shows, schematically, a phase of production of a foundry part, from a consumable mold, generally designated by the reference 1.
  • the mold 1 is made of a material capable of gasify by pyrolysis on contact with the molten material to be poured.
  • the M model is made of expanded polystyrene.
  • the model M is placed in a mold 1 into which a load of sand 2 is poured, the quantity of which is intended to completely pack a mold 1 which becomes accessible to the upper surface of the sand only by the casting section 3.
  • the sand 2 is tightened or compacted by application of vibrations, so as to closely surround the mold 1 and to delimit a negative imprint, capable of containing the metallo-static pressure of the cast metal, as the gasification of the model M.
  • vibrations After filling the mold 1 with the load of sand 2, it is planned to apply, on two of the opposite vertical faces 1a of the mold 1, vibrations in two general directions of application F 1 and F 2 , inclined convergently towards the bottom for the two opposite faces 1a, for example at 45 °.
  • the vibrations, generated by two independent systems Si and S 2 are preferably of low amplitude and of a frequency greater than that of the network, generally, greater than 50 Hertz and, preferably, between 100 and 400 Hertz.
  • the vibrations are also preferably applied to the upper part of the mold 1 and are, moreover, generated, so as to know, as illustrated in FIG.
  • the combination of the above means makes it possible to achieve a particularly optimal clamping of the sand 2 which is brought to follow all the local conformations likely to be presented by the model M, due to the two converging directions of application F 1 and F 2 downwards and circular wave propagations, in particular with upward rotation, which fill up rising cavities, which can be through or out, and which are presented by the M model. Furthermore, due to the application of high frequency and low amplitude vibrations, the tightening produced neither erosion of the model 11 by the sand, nor localized stress applied to the model M.
  • the above means generating the vibrations at the upper part of the mold 1 , suppress the formation of a kind of compacted mattress or plug emerging in traditional vibrating techniques, due to the application of vibrations in the lower part and opposing the transmission of vibrations.
  • the generator systems Si and S 2 are preferably provided to cooperate with support reinforcements 6 1 and 6 2 formed or attached to the walls 1a, so each to present a bearing surface 7 established perpendicular to the direction of application F 1 or F 2 .
  • the generator systems Si and S 2 can be permanently adapted to the surfaces 7 or be temporarily applied thereto, during the implementation of the process, by means of jacks 8 1 and 8 2 .
  • the arrangements of the method of the invention make it possible to completely release the bottom 4 of the mold 1, which is, in traditional solutions, the seat of the application of at least part of the vibrations. Therefore, it becomes possible to make the mold 1 so that the bottom 4 has a series of openings or lights 10 which can be either closed or released, by means of a closure 11 of the type to guillotine.
  • the closure 11 consists of a false bottom 12 mounted sliding on or through guide pieces 13 extending the bottom 4 opposite the mold walls 1.
  • the false bottom 12 has openings 14 of the same shape and spacing that the lights 10 with which they can be made to coincide by displacement in the direction of the arrow f 1 of the false bottom 12.
  • the support 5 By making the support 5 in the form of a fixed or mobile frame, as illustrated in FIG 2, it becomes possible to place the mold 1 directly above a receiving hopper 15 receiving, at the end of the cycle molding, used sand 2, emptied by the bottom 4 after extraction of the casting. Such a possibility simplifies the construction of a foundry installation. Indeed, an intervention station can be provided to assume a filling-vibrating function and a release and emptying function, when the mold guide path 1 is established in a closed circuit.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates, by way of example, a foundry installation implementing the method according to the invention.
  • Such an installation comprises a carcass 20 rising from a support plane, such as the ground 21.
  • the carcass 20 comprises a frame 22 supporting a hopper 23 for storing sand.
  • the hopper 23 is connected, by a flexible sheath, to a transfer-filling capacity 24 designed to ensure the discharge of the required load of sand 2, either by gravity or by progressive flow, via sleeves 25.
  • the capacity 24 is arranged directly above a work station 26 comprising the chassis 5 which can be supported by means of shock absorbing blocks 27.
  • the chassis 5, reserved for the support of a mold 1 is placed at the plumb with a hopper 15, as in the example described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the hopper 15 is provided with a shutter system 28 surmounting a pneumatic launcher 29 connected by a transfer line 30 to the storage hopper 23, either directly or through a dust-treatment-sand treatment station.
  • the hopper 15, the shutter 28, the pneumatic launcher 29 are preferably placed in a pit 31 formed from the support plane 21.
  • the frame 22 is provided with suspended consoles 32 ensuring the maintenance of two jacks 8 1 and 8 2 responsible for ensuring the application of the systems Si and S 2 , for example by means of the buffers 33, on the support reinforcements 6 1 and 6 2 from mold 1.
  • the different phases of the process can intervene, as described above, by implementing the means of the installation which offer the advantage, in the case of equipment with the sleeves 25, of avoiding the fall by gravity of the load of sand 2 in the mold M.
  • the pouring is carried out by means of flexible sleeves 25 which make it possible to distribute, without significant height of fall, the load of sand 2, either total or complementary when a residual bed has been deliberately maintained in the bottom of the mold 1.
  • the transfer capacity 24 is preferably suspended from the storage hopper by means of jacks 34.
  • Fig. 4 shows, by way of example, a possible embodiment of an installation involving the means according to FIG. 3.
  • the installation comprises a structure 35 delimiting a guide track 36, of the circular type, for bringing the different molds from station 26 to a station 37, called casting, after which extends a cooling zone 38 leading each mold successively back to station 26.
  • the structure 35 can be produced in the form of a carousel, the axis of rotation 39 of which is offset with respect to the height of the hopper 23 and of the capacity 24.
  • the transfer means are provided, between the different arms of the carousel and the chassis 5, to ensure the support of each mold 1 on the latter, either during the filling-vibration phase, or during the emptying phase.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
  • Jigging Conveyors (AREA)
  • Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)

Abstract

- The method is implemented by an apparatus comprising a station for compacting by vibration, comprising: . a support frame (5) on which the mould is placed via its lower part, . at least two bearing reinforcements (61, 62) carried by two opposite vertical walls (1a) of the mould, . and at least two systems (S1, S2) generating vibrations interacting with the bearing reinforcements, inclined in a convergent manner downwards and generating vibrations with a substantially circular propagation rotating in opposite directions in the case of the two opposite generating systems. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine de la réalisation de pièces, plus généralement métalliques, à partir d'une masse de matière première versée à l'état fondu dans l'empreinte ou la cavité d'un moule, généralement en sable.The present invention relates to the field of making parts, more generally metallic, from a mass of raw material poured in the molten state into the cavity or cavity of a mold, generally made of sand.

L'invention concerne, plus spécialement, le procédé de fabrication par moulage du type à modèle consommable. Suivant le préambule de la revendication 1 et, une installation de fonderie suivant le préambule de la revendication 6.The invention relates, more specifically, to the method of manufacturing by molding of the consumable model type. According to the preamble of claim 1 and, a foundry installation according to the preamble of claim 6.

La technique de fabrication d'une pièce, à partir d'un modèle consommable, consiste à exécuter la pièce à obtenir sous la forme d'un modèle en trois dimensions, réalisé en une matière apte à se gazéifier par pyrolyse au contact de la matière en fusion coulée. Un tel modèle est, généralement, réalisé à base de polystyrène expansé.The technique for manufacturing a part, using a consumable model, consists of executing the part to be obtained in the form of a three-dimensional model, made of a material capable of gasifying by pyrolysis on contact with the material. molten casting. Such a model is generally made from expanded polystyrene.

Un modèle ainsi obtenu est, le plus souvent, soumis à une opération d'enduisage, de façon à lui conférer une sorte de peau ou faible carapace extérieure, formant armature, conférant une bonne tenue mécanique à un tel modèle, ainsi qu'une résistance thermique temporaire lors de la coulée de la matière en fusion.A model thus obtained is, most often, subjected to a coating operation, so as to give it a kind of skin or weak outer shell, forming an armature, giving good mechanical strength to such a model, as well as a resistance temporary thermal during the casting of the molten material.

Un tel modèle est emballé dans une masse de sable contenue dans un moule et généralement vibrée, pour lui conférer une bonne cohésion, une bonne compaction et un serrage convenable autour du modèle, afin d'épouser les différentes formes de ce dernier.Such a model is wrapped in a mass of sand contained in a mold and generally vibrated, to give it good cohesion, good compaction and suitable tightening around the model, in order to marry the different forms of the latter.

Lorsque cette phase préparatoire a été exécutée, la matière en fusion peut être versée dans la coulée pour provoquer la gazéification du polystyrène expansé, libérant, a l'intérieur du sable serré, une cavité ou empreinte négative correspondant, exactement, à l'empreinte positive du modèle. La matière première coulée occupe, ainsi, une empreinte négative qui est la réplique exacte du modèle. Après coulée de la matière première, une phase de refroidissement permet, ensuite, de disposer, après décochage, de la pièce exécutée.When this preparatory phase has been carried out, the molten material can be poured into the casting to cause the gasification of the expanded polystyrene, releasing, inside the tight sand, a cavity or negative imprint corresponding exactly to the positive imprint. of the model. The cast raw material thus occupies a negative imprint which is the exact replica of the model. After casting the raw material, a cooling phase then makes it possible to dispose of the workpiece after unhooking.

Bien que de mise en oeuvre relativement délicate, un tel procédé apparaît particulièrement satisfaisant, en raison de la réduction du coût de fabrication qu'il permet d'obtenir, de la précision de reproduction éliminant les retouches ou l'ébavurage ultérieur et de la réduction des phases préparatoires impliquant, dans les procédés traditionnels, généralement au moins un traitement du sable préalablement à l'exécution de demi-moules devant ensuite être apairés.Although relatively delicate to implement, such a method appears particularly satisfactory, because of the reduction in the manufacturing cost which it makes it possible to obtain, the precision of reproduction eliminating retouching or subsequent deburring and the reduction preparatory phases involving, in traditional processes, generally at least one treatment of the sand prior to the execution of half-molds which must then be paired.

Toutefois, un tel procédé semble toujours être pénalisé par des imperfections de reproduction en empreinte négative de la forme positive du modèle consommable. Ces imperfections sont à mettre au compte de la phase de serrage du sable, obtenue par vibrations.However, such a process always seems to be penalized by imperfections of reproduction in negative print of the positive form of the consumable model. These imperfections are due to the sand tightening phase, obtained by vibrations.

Différentes propositions ont été formulées pour tenter de pallier un tel inconvénient. Le plus généralement, les propositions formulées, comme celle faisant l'objet de la demande GB-A-2 088 762, sur lequel les préambules des revendications 1 et 6 sont basés, consistent à appliquer des vibrations sur le fond du moule, de façon à provoquer un serrage supposé être le plus convenable pour que le sable occupe les différentes cavités de la forme du modèle, que ces cavités soient descendantes ou ascendantes. Une telle méthode ne s'est pas révélée satisfaisante pour atteindre l'objectif visé.Various proposals have been made to try to overcome such a drawback. More generally, the proposals made, such as that which is the subject of application GB-A-2 088 762, on which the preambles of claims 1 and 6 are based, consist in applying vibrations to the bottom of the mold, so to cause a clamping supposed to be the most suitable so that the sand occupies the different cavities of the shape of the model, whether these cavities are descending or ascending. Such a method has not proved satisfactory for achieving the objective sought.

Le technique antérieure est aussi riche de propositions consistant à appliquer des vibrations sur les parois latérales du moule et selon une direction d'application horizontale. Tel est le cas des demandes DE-B-1 120 785 et GB-A-2151960 qui, semble-t-il, ne fournissent pas de meilleurs résultats.The prior art is also rich in proposals consisting in applying vibrations to the side walls of the mold and in a horizontal direction of application. This is the case with applications DE-B-1 120 785 and GB-A-2151960 which, it seems, do not provide better results.

Les imperfections de résultats constatées déterminent les limites d'application d'un tel procédé, notamment pour l'exécution de pièces de formes particulièrement complexes, présentant des cavités de faible section droite transversale, de direction ascendante et débouchantes ou non.The imperfections in the results observed determine the limits of application of such a process, in particular for the execution of parts of particularly complex shapes, having cavities of small cross-section, of upward direction and opening out or not.

En d'autres termes, bien que susceptible d'apporter des avantages indéniables, un tel procédé ne fournit pas une solution exactement adaptée à la réalisation de pièces à caractère technique particulièrement complexes en forme.In other words, although likely to bring undeniable advantages, such a process does not provide a solution exactly suited to the production of parts of a particularly complex technical nature in shape.

La présente invention, partant de la constatation ci-dessus, a pour objet un procédé de serrage par vibrations du sable dans un moule de fonderie, par la mise en oeuvre du procédé à modèle consommable, procédé dont les différentes phases opératoires sont, justement, prévues pour éliminer les inconvénients ci-dessus et conduire à une phase de serrage par vibrations permettant de délimiter, par le sable entourant un modèle consommable, une exacte, précise et fidèle reproduction en empreinte négative de la forme positive du modèle consommable.The present invention, starting from the above observation, relates to a method of clamping by vibration of the sand in a foundry mold, by the implementation of the method with consumable model, method of which the different operational phases are, precisely, provided to eliminate the above drawbacks and lead to a vibration tightening phase making it possible to delimit, by the sand surrounding a consumable model, an exact, precise and faithful reproduction in negative imprint of the positive form of the consumable model.

Pour atteindre l'objectif ci-dessus, le procédé selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à appliquer au moule des vibrations haute fréquence, de faible amplitude, par des générateurs inclinés de façon convergente vers le bas, prenant appui sur deux faces opposées du moule et générant d'une face a l'autre des vibrations à propagation sensiblement circulaire tournant en sens inverse.To achieve the above objective, the method according to the invention is characterized in that it consists in applying to the mold high frequency vibrations, of low amplitude, by generators inclined in a convergent downward fashion, bearing on two opposite faces of the mold and generating from one face to the other vibrations with substantially circular propagation rotating in opposite directions.

L'invention a, également, pour objet une installation de fonderie comprenant, pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus, un poste der serrage par vibrage comprenant:

  • - un châssis de support sur lequel le moule est posé par sa partie inférieure,
  • - au moins deux renforts d'appui portés par deux parois verticales opposées du moule,
  • - et au moins deux systèmes générateurs de vibrations coopérant avec les renforts d'appui, inclinés de façon convergente vers le bas et générant des vibrations à propagation sensiblement circulaire tournant en sens inverse pour les deux systèmes générateurs opposés.
The invention also relates to a foundry installation comprising, for the implementation of the above method, a station for clamping by vibration comprising:
  • - a support frame on which the mold is placed by its lower part,
  • - at least two support reinforcements carried by two opposite vertical walls of the mold,
  • - And at least two vibration generating systems cooperating with the support reinforcements, convergently inclined downwards and generating vibrations with substantially circular propagation rotating in opposite directions for the two opposite generator systems.

Diverses autres caractéristiques ressortent de la description faite ci-dessous en référence aux dessins annexés qui montrent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, des formes de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention.

  • La fig. 1 est une coupe-élévation schématique du procédé der serrage par vibration conforme à l'invention.
  • La fig. 2 est une coupe-élévation partielle, à plus grande échelle, illustrant un avantage caractéristique de la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention.
  • La fig. 3 est une coupe-élévation schématique montrant une installation de fonderie faisant application du procédé de l'invention.
  • La fig. 4 est une vue en plan prise, sensiblement, selon la ligne IV-IV de la fig. 3.
Various other characteristics will emerge from the description given below with reference to the appended drawings which show, by way of nonlimiting examples, embodiments of the subject of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional elevation of the method of clamping by vibration according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a partial sectional elevation, on a larger scale, illustrating a characteristic advantage of the implementation of the method of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional elevation showing a foundry installation applying the method of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view, taken substantially along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3.

La fig. 1 montre, de façon schématique, une phase de réalisation d'une pièce de fonderie, à partir d'un moule consommable, désigné dans son ensemble par la référence 1. Selon ce procédé, le moule 1 est réalisé en une matière apte à se gazéifier par pyrolyse au contact de la matière en fusion devant être coulée. Généralement, le modèle M est réalisé en polystyrène expansé.Fig. 1 shows, schematically, a phase of production of a foundry part, from a consumable mold, generally designated by the reference 1. According to this method, the mold 1 is made of a material capable of gasify by pyrolysis on contact with the molten material to be poured. Generally, the M model is made of expanded polystyrene.

Le modèle M est disposé dans un moule 1 dans lequel est versée une charge de sable 2 dont la quantité est prévue pour emballer totalement un moule 1 qui ne devient accessible à la surface supérieure du sable que par la section de coulée 3. Dans un tel procédé, le sable 2 est serré ou compacté par application de vibrations, de manière à entourer étroitement le moule 1 et à délimiter une empreinte négative, apte à contenir la pression métallo-statique du métal coulé, au fur et à mesure de la gazéification du modèle M.The model M is placed in a mold 1 into which a load of sand 2 is poured, the quantity of which is intended to completely pack a mold 1 which becomes accessible to the upper surface of the sand only by the casting section 3. In such a process, the sand 2 is tightened or compacted by application of vibrations, so as to closely surround the mold 1 and to delimit a negative imprint, capable of containing the metallo-static pressure of the cast metal, as the gasification of the model M.

De manière à provoquer un serrage convenable du sable 2 pour lui conférer des qualités de cohésion, de compacité et de précision de reproduction de la forme du modèle M, quelle que soit la conformation de de dernier, il est prévu, selon l'invention, de poser le moule 1 par la partie inférieure et, plus précisément, dans l'exemple illustré, par le fond 4 sur un support 5 de toute nature appropriée.In order to bring about a suitable tightening of the sand 2 to give it qualities of cohesion, compactness and precision of reproduction of the shape of the model M, whatever the conformation of the latter, provision is made, according to the invention, to ask the mold 1 by the lower part and, more precisely, in the example illustrated, by the bottom 4 on a support 5 of any suitable nature.

Après remplissage du moule 1 avec la charge de sable 2, il est prévu d'appliquer, sur deux des faces verticales opposées 1a du moule 1, des vibrations selon deux directions générales d'application F1 et F2, inclinées de façon convergente vers le bas pour les deux faces opposées 1a, par exemple à 45°. Les vibrations, générées par deux systèmes indépendants Si et S2, sont, de préférence, de faible amplitude et d'une fréquence supérieure à celle du réseau, généralement, supérieure à 50 Hertz et, préférentiellement, comprise entre 100 et 400 Hertz. Les vibrations sont aussi, de préférence, appliquées à la partie supérieure du moule 1 et sont, en outre, générées, de manière à connaître, comme cela est illustré à la fig. 1, une propagation en ondes circulaires centrées sur deux axes géométriques X1 et x2, d'orientation générale sensiblement horizontale, à partir de leur point d'application sur les parois 1a. Comme cela est illustré par la fig. 1, les vibrations appliquées ont donc tendance à se propager en ondes circulaires tournant en des sens inverses d'une face à l'autre. Les sens de rotation peuvent être tous deux dirigés vers le bas ou, de préférence, comme illustré à la fig. 1, vers la partie supérieure du moule 2. Dans ce sens et de façon illustrative, les vibrations appliquées selon la direction F1 présentent une tendance à tourner dans le sens contraire de celui des aiguilles d'une montre, alors que les vibrations, appliquées selon la direction F2, présentent une tendance à tourner dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre.After filling the mold 1 with the load of sand 2, it is planned to apply, on two of the opposite vertical faces 1a of the mold 1, vibrations in two general directions of application F 1 and F 2 , inclined convergently towards the bottom for the two opposite faces 1a, for example at 45 °. The vibrations, generated by two independent systems Si and S 2 , are preferably of low amplitude and of a frequency greater than that of the network, generally, greater than 50 Hertz and, preferably, between 100 and 400 Hertz. The vibrations are also preferably applied to the upper part of the mold 1 and are, moreover, generated, so as to know, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a propagation in circular waves centered on two geometric axes X1 and x 2 , of generally horizontal orientation, from their point of application on the walls 1a. As illustrated in fig. 1, the applied vibrations therefore tend to propagate in circular waves rotating in opposite directions from one face to the other. The directions of rotation can both be directed downwards or, preferably, as illustrated in fig. 1, towards the upper part of the mold 2. In this direction and in an illustrative manner, the vibrations applied in the direction F 1 have a tendency to rotate in the opposite direction to that of clockwise, while the vibrations, applied in the direction F 2 , have a tendency to turn clockwise.

La combinaison des moyens ci-dessus permet de réaliser un serrage particulièrement optimal du sable 2 qui est amené à suivre toutes les conformations locales susceptibles d'être présentées par le modèle M, en raison des deux directions d'application F1 et F2 convergentes vers le bas et des propagations en ondes circulaires, notamment avec rotation vers le haut, qui assurent un remplissage des cavités à tendance montante, qui peuvent être débouchantes ou non débouchantes et qui sont présentées par le modèle M. Par ailleurs, en raison de l'application de vibrations haute fréquence et de faible amplitude, le serrage produit n'engendre ni érosion du modèle 11 par le sable, ni contrainte localisée appliquée au modèle M. Les moyens ci-dessus, générant les vibrations à la partie supérieure du moule 1, suppriment la formation d'une sorte de matelas ou bouchon compacté naissant dans les techniques de vibrage traditionnelles, en raison de l'application de vibrations en partie basse et s'opposant à la transmission des vibrations.The combination of the above means makes it possible to achieve a particularly optimal clamping of the sand 2 which is brought to follow all the local conformations likely to be presented by the model M, due to the two converging directions of application F 1 and F 2 downwards and circular wave propagations, in particular with upward rotation, which fill up rising cavities, which can be through or out, and which are presented by the M model. Furthermore, due to the application of high frequency and low amplitude vibrations, the tightening produced neither erosion of the model 11 by the sand, nor localized stress applied to the model M. The above means, generating the vibrations at the upper part of the mold 1 , suppress the formation of a kind of compacted mattress or plug emerging in traditional vibrating techniques, due to the application of vibrations in the lower part and opposing the transmission of vibrations.

Selon le procédé de l'invention, les systèmes générateurs Si et S2, de toute conception appropriée, sont, de préférence, prévus pour coopérer avec des renforts d'appui 61 et 62 formés ou rapportés sur les parois 1a, de manière à présenter chacun une surface d'appui 7 établie perpendiculairement à la direction d'application F1 ou F2.According to the method of the invention, the generator systems Si and S 2 , of any suitable design, are preferably provided to cooperate with support reinforcements 6 1 and 6 2 formed or attached to the walls 1a, so each to present a bearing surface 7 established perpendicular to the direction of application F 1 or F 2 .

Les systèmes générateurs Si et S2 peuvent être adaptés à demeure sur les surfaces 7 ou y être temporairement appliqués, lors de la mise en oeuvre du procédé, par l'intermédiaire de vérins 81 et 82.The generator systems Si and S 2 can be permanently adapted to the surfaces 7 or be temporarily applied thereto, during the implementation of the process, by means of jacks 8 1 and 8 2 .

Les dispositions du procédé de l'invention permettent de libérer totalement le fond 4 du moule 1, lequel est, dans les solutions traditionnelles, le siège de l'application d'une partie au moins des vibrations. De ce fait, il devient possible de réaliser le moule 1 de manière que le fond 4 présente une série d'ouvertures ou de lumières 10 qui peuvent être, soit obturées, soit dégagées, par l'intermédiaire d'une fermeture 11 du type à guillotine. Dans le cas illustré, la fermeture 11 est constituée par un faux fond 12 monté coulissant sur ou à travers des pièces de guidage 13 prolongeant le fond 4 à l'opposé des parois de moule 1. Le faux fond 12 possède des ouvertures 14 de mêmes forme et écartement que les lumières 10 avec lesquelles elles peuvent être mises en coïncidence par déplacement dans le sens de la flèche f1 du faux fond 12.The arrangements of the method of the invention make it possible to completely release the bottom 4 of the mold 1, which is, in traditional solutions, the seat of the application of at least part of the vibrations. Therefore, it becomes possible to make the mold 1 so that the bottom 4 has a series of openings or lights 10 which can be either closed or released, by means of a closure 11 of the type to guillotine. In the illustrated case, the closure 11 consists of a false bottom 12 mounted sliding on or through guide pieces 13 extending the bottom 4 opposite the mold walls 1. The false bottom 12 has openings 14 of the same shape and spacing that the lights 10 with which they can be made to coincide by displacement in the direction of the arrow f 1 of the false bottom 12.

En réalisant le support 5 sous la forme d'un châssis fixe ou mobile, tel qu'illustré par la fig 2, il devient possible de placer le moule 1 à l'aplomb d'une trémie de réception 15 recevant, en fin de cycle de moulage, le sable 2 usagé, vidé par le fond 4 après extraction de la pièce coulée. Une telle possibilité permet de simplifier la construction d'installation de fonderie. En effet, un poste d'intervention peut être prévu pour assumer une fonction de remplissage-vibrage et une fonction de décochage et de vidage, lorsque la voie de guidage des moules 1 est établie en circuit fermé.By making the support 5 in the form of a fixed or mobile frame, as illustrated in FIG 2, it becomes possible to place the mold 1 directly above a receiving hopper 15 receiving, at the end of the cycle molding, used sand 2, emptied by the bottom 4 after extraction of the casting. Such a possibility simplifies the construction of a foundry installation. Indeed, an intervention station can be provided to assume a filling-vibrating function and a release and emptying function, when the mold guide path 1 is established in a closed circuit.

Les moyens, permettant d'ouvrir ou de fermer à volonté le fond 4, ne sont donnés qu'à titre d'exemples. Toute autre forme d'exécution pourrait être prévue, afin de remplir la même fonction double.The means enabling the bottom 4 to be opened or closed at will are only given as examples. Any other form of execution could be envisaged, in order to fulfill the same double function.

La possibilité de vider le sable par le fond 4 permet de laisser subsister, dans le moule 1, un lit inférieur de toute hauteur convenable, favorisant la mise en place ultérieure d'un autre modèle M pour l'exécution d'une nouvelle pièce.The possibility of emptying the sand from the bottom 4 allows to leave in the mold 1, a lower bed of any suitable height, favoring the subsequent installation of another model M for the execution of a new part.

La fig. 3 illustre, à titre d'exemple, une installation de fonderie mettant en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention. Une telle installation comporte une carcasse 20 s'élevant à partir d'un plan d'appui, tel que le sol 21. La carcasse 20 comporte une charpente 22 supportant une trémie 23 de stockage de sable. La trémie 23 est raccordée, par une gaine flexible, à une capacité de transfert- remplissage 24 conçue pour assurer le déversement de la charge requise de sable 2, soit par gravité, soit par écoulement progressif, par l'intermédiaire de manches 25. La capacité 24 est disposée à l'aplomb d'un poste de travail 26 comprenant le châssis 5 qui peut être supporté par l'intermédiaire de blocs amortisseurs 27. Le châssis 5, réservé au support d'un moule 1, est placé à l'aplomb d'une trémie 15, comme dans l'exemple décrit en référence à la fig. 2. La trémie 15 est pourvue d'un système obturateur 28 surmontant un lanceur pneumatique 29 raccordé par une canalisation de transfert 30 à la trémie de stockage 23, soit directement, soit à travers une station de dépoussiérage-traitement du sable. La trémie 15, l'obturateur 28, le lanceur pneumatique 29 sont, de préférence, placés dans une fosse 31 ménagée à partir du plan de support 21.Fig. 3 illustrates, by way of example, a foundry installation implementing the method according to the invention. Such an installation comprises a carcass 20 rising from a support plane, such as the ground 21. The carcass 20 comprises a frame 22 supporting a hopper 23 for storing sand. The hopper 23 is connected, by a flexible sheath, to a transfer-filling capacity 24 designed to ensure the discharge of the required load of sand 2, either by gravity or by progressive flow, via sleeves 25. The capacity 24 is arranged directly above a work station 26 comprising the chassis 5 which can be supported by means of shock absorbing blocks 27. The chassis 5, reserved for the support of a mold 1, is placed at the plumb with a hopper 15, as in the example described with reference to FIG. 2. The hopper 15 is provided with a shutter system 28 surmounting a pneumatic launcher 29 connected by a transfer line 30 to the storage hopper 23, either directly or through a dust-treatment-sand treatment station. The hopper 15, the shutter 28, the pneumatic launcher 29 are preferably placed in a pit 31 formed from the support plane 21.

La charpente 22 est munie de consoles suspendues 32 assurant le maintien de deux vérins 81 et 82 chargés d'assurer l'application des systèmes Si et S2, par exemple par l'intermédiaire du tampons 33, sur les renforts d'appui 61 et 62 du moule 1.The frame 22 is provided with suspended consoles 32 ensuring the maintenance of two jacks 8 1 and 8 2 responsible for ensuring the application of the systems Si and S 2 , for example by means of the buffers 33, on the support reinforcements 6 1 and 6 2 from mold 1.

Les différentes phases du procédé peuvent intervenir, comme décrit ci-dessus, en mettant en oeuvre les moyens de l'installation qui offrent l'avantage, dans le cas d'équipement avec les manches 25, d'éviter la chute par gravité de la charge de sable 2 dans le moule M. Dans un tel cas, le déversement est effectué par l'intermédiaire des manches souples 25 qui permettent de répartir, sans hauteur de chute importante, la charge de sable 2, soit totale, soit complémentaire lorsqu'un lit résiduel a été volontairement maintenu dans le fond du moule 1. Dans un tel cas, la capacité de transfert 24 est, de préférence, suspendue à la trémie de stockage par l'intermédiaire de vérins 34.The different phases of the process can intervene, as described above, by implementing the means of the installation which offer the advantage, in the case of equipment with the sleeves 25, of avoiding the fall by gravity of the load of sand 2 in the mold M. In such a case, the pouring is carried out by means of flexible sleeves 25 which make it possible to distribute, without significant height of fall, the load of sand 2, either total or complementary when a residual bed has been deliberately maintained in the bottom of the mold 1. In such a case, the transfer capacity 24 is preferably suspended from the storage hopper by means of jacks 34.

La fig. 4 montre, à titre d'exemple, une possible réalisation d'une installation faisant intervenir les moyens selon la fig. 3. Dans un tel cas, l'installation comprend une structure 35 délimitant une voie de guidage 36, du type circulaire, pour amener les différents moules du poste 26 à une poste 37, dit de coulée, à la suite duquel s'étend une zone de refroidissement 38 conduisant chaque moule successivement de nouveau au poste 26. La structure 35 peut être réalisée sous la forme d'un carrousel dont l'axe de rotation 39 est décalé par rapport à l'aplomb de la trémie 23 et de la capacité 24. Dans un tel cas, les moyens de transfert sont prévus, entre les différents bras du carrousel et le châssis 5, pour assurer le support de chaque moule 1 sur ce dernier, soit lors de la phase de remplissage-vibration, soit lors de la phase de vidage. Cette forme d'implantation est donnée, à titre d'exemple, car les moyens de l'invention pourraient, bien entendu, être mis en oeuvre en faisant intervenir une installation comportant un transfert en ligne des différents moules 1 devant les postes fonctionnels de vidage, de remplissage, de vibrage, de coulée, de refroidissement, de décochage-débourrage éventuel.Fig. 4 shows, by way of example, a possible embodiment of an installation involving the means according to FIG. 3. In such a case, the installation comprises a structure 35 delimiting a guide track 36, of the circular type, for bringing the different molds from station 26 to a station 37, called casting, after which extends a cooling zone 38 leading each mold successively back to station 26. The structure 35 can be produced in the form of a carousel, the axis of rotation 39 of which is offset with respect to the height of the hopper 23 and of the capacity 24. In such a case, the transfer means are provided, between the different arms of the carousel and the chassis 5, to ensure the support of each mold 1 on the latter, either during the filling-vibration phase, or during the emptying phase. This form of installation is given, by way of example, because the means of the invention could, of course, be implemented by making use of an installation comprising an online transfer of the various molds 1 in front of the functional emptying stations. , filling, vibrating, pouring, cooling, unhooking-cleaning.

L'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits et représentés, car diverses modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir de son cadre.The invention is not limited to the examples described and shown, since various modifications can be made thereto without departing from its scope.

Claims (14)

1. Method for compacting, by vibrations, the sand in a foundry mold, of the type consisting in placing inside a mold, which is either empty or partly filled, a consumable pattern, for example in expanded polystyrene, in filling the mold with an appropriate sand until the pattern is completely embedded, and in vibrating the mold, characterized in that it consists in applying high frequency, low amplitude vibrations to the mold, from generators downwardly inclined, in convergent manner, said generators resting on two opposite faces of the mold and generating, from one face to the other, vibrations of substantially circular propagation which turn in reverse direction.
2. Compacting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibrations turn around a substantially geometrical axis, upwards from the mold, from their application point on the mold.
3. Compacting method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the applied variations have a frequency higher than 50 Hertz.
4. Compacting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration generators are orientated at 45°.
5. Compacting method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the vibrations are applied to the upper part of the mold.
6. Foundry installation for casting pieces according to the technique of the consumable pattern, of the type comprising a mold supporting structure, a station (26) for filling the mold (1) with a sand (2) for completely packing a consumable pattern (M) and a station for compacting the sand contained in the mold by vibration, characterized in that the station for compacting by vibration comprises:
- a supporting chassis (5) on which the mold is set by its lower part,
- at least two reinforcing supports (61-62) carried by two opposite vertical walls (1a) of the mold,
- and at least two vibration-generating systems (Si, S2) which cooperate with the reinforcing supports, downwardly inclined in convergent manner and generating vibrations substantially circular vibrations turning in reverse direction for the two opposite generator systems.
7. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the reinforcing supports (61, 62) are provided close to the open upper part of the mold.
8. Installation according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the reinforcing supports (61, 62) have a supporting surface (7) perpendicular to the direction (Fl-F2) of inclination of the generating systems.
9. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the generating systems are adapted on the reinforcing supports.
10. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the generating systems are carried by retracting jacks (81, 82).
11. Installation according to one of claims 6, 9 or 10, characterized in that the generating systems (81, S2) produce low amplitude vibrations turning towards the upper part of the mold about a substantially horizontal geometrical axis (x1, x2) from their point of application on the mold.
12. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the mold has a bottom (4) openable for draining out the sand.
13. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the mold supporting structure comprises a guiding channel (36) for the molds, a sand draining station (26), a mold filling station, vibrating means including a mold supporting chassis (5) and means (15,28,29,30) for recycling the sand between the draining station and the filling station.
14. Installation according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises a station ensuring a draining, filling and vibrating function, and including a dampened supporting chassis, placed above a trough (31) for recovering the waste sand and under a filling hopper.
EP88420146A 1987-05-05 1988-05-04 Method and apparatus for compacting foundry moulding sand by vibrations Expired - Lifetime EP0291424B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88420146T ATE59592T1 (en) 1987-05-05 1988-05-04 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COMPRESSING FOUNDRY MOLDING MATERIALS BY VIBRATING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8706529 1987-05-05
FR8706529A FR2614811B1 (en) 1987-05-05 1987-05-05 METHOD FOR TIGHTENING SAND MOLD BY A VIBRATION OF A FOUNDRY MOLD AND INSTALLATION USING THE SAME

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EP0291424A1 EP0291424A1 (en) 1988-11-17
EP0291424B1 true EP0291424B1 (en) 1991-01-02

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EP88420146A Expired - Lifetime EP0291424B1 (en) 1987-05-05 1988-05-04 Method and apparatus for compacting foundry moulding sand by vibrations

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EP (1) EP0291424B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE59592T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3861349D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2093608T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2614811B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3964194A1 (en) 2020-09-07 2022-03-09 Lumene Oy Cosmetic composition and method for protecting skin and keratin fibres from high energy visible light

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113401521B (en) * 2021-05-31 2022-06-28 泰有科技(无锡)有限公司 Vacuum sucker type external vibrator for low-temperature storage tank
CN114769519B (en) * 2022-03-31 2024-08-16 沈阳工业大学 A method and equipment for preparing ductile iron material for lost foam casting

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DE1120785B (en) * 1959-09-05 1961-12-28 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and device for compacting bulk material bounded by walls by means of a vibration exciter
CA1177221A (en) * 1980-12-04 1984-11-06 General Kinematics Corporation Vibratory method for packing foundry sand into a pattern prior to the pouring of molten metal
US4593739A (en) * 1983-12-30 1986-06-10 Outboard Marine Corporation Method of and apparatus for packing sand around a mold pattern by vibration

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3964194A1 (en) 2020-09-07 2022-03-09 Lumene Oy Cosmetic composition and method for protecting skin and keratin fibres from high energy visible light

Also Published As

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FR2614811B1 (en) 1989-07-28
DE3861349D1 (en) 1991-02-07
ATE59592T1 (en) 1991-01-15
ES2093608T3 (en) 1997-01-01
EP0291424A1 (en) 1988-11-17
FR2614811A1 (en) 1988-11-10

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