EP0289422B1 - Method and device for the injection of a fluid into a flow of hot gases, and apparatus for carrying out this method - Google Patents
Method and device for the injection of a fluid into a flow of hot gases, and apparatus for carrying out this method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0289422B1 EP0289422B1 EP88401034A EP88401034A EP0289422B1 EP 0289422 B1 EP0289422 B1 EP 0289422B1 EP 88401034 A EP88401034 A EP 88401034A EP 88401034 A EP88401034 A EP 88401034A EP 0289422 B1 EP0289422 B1 EP 0289422B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gaseous flow
- stream
- hot gaseous
- fluid matter
- revolution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/42—Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
- B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
- B05B7/226—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material being originally a particulate material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
- B01F2025/918—Counter current flow, i.e. flows moving in opposite direction and colliding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for injecting at least one stream of a material in fluid form into a hot gas flow constituted by a plasma jet. It also relates to an apparatus making it possible to implement this method and to carry out all kinds of operations and reactions by means of such a hot gas flow.
- patent EP-B-0 134 168 (US-A-4,616,779) describes a method for injecting at least one stream of a finely divided material into a hot gas flow constituted by a plasma jet, according to which a screen pierced with a plurality of d is interposed on the path of said hot gas flow orifices spatially distributed around the axis of said hot gas flow, so as to split it into a plurality of elementary flows having at least approximately the same general direction, and said stream of finely divided material is brought to at least one nozzle at least partially surrounded by said orifices, in order to create at least one stream of finely divided material, of direction at least approximately similar to that said elementary hot gas flows and surrounded by at least some of them.
- At least approximately coaxial injection of the stream of finely divided material into the hot gas flow is thus carried out, so that the transfer conditions between the hot jet and the reagent are favored, as well as the homogenization of the mixture, while allowing the entrainment, and therefore the reaction, of all the reagent particles by the hot flow.
- the object of the present invention is to improve the process of the patent mentioned above, in order to further improve its performance.
- the method for injecting at least one stream of a fluid material into a hot gas flow constituted by a plasma jet, according to which there is interposed on the path of said hot gas flow a device for shaping this hot gas flow and bringing said fluid material to at least one nozzle, creating a flow of fluid material whose direction is at least approximately similar to the general direction of said hot gas flow shaped for said device, is remarkable in that it communicates to said hot gas flow the form of an envelope of revolution and in that it disposes said injection nozzle coaxially with the axis of said envelope of revolution.
- said fluid material is injected inside the hot gas flow and, as a result of the high viscosity thereof, the particles of said material cannot escape and remain trapped in the plasma. , which they end up intimately mixing with.
- the disadvantage encountered in the prior techniques and due to the viscosity of the plasma is therefore transformed into an advantage.
- said plasma revolution envelope is at least substantially cylindrical.
- the intimate mixing of the plasma and the fluid material occurs downstream of the shaping device, at a distance equal to several times, for example twenty, the diameter of the hot gas flow.
- said envelope of revolution is at least substantially conical.
- said particles are trapped in the plasma cone and are forced to mix therewith.
- the fluid material can exit from the nozzle in the form of a stream of homogeneous circular section.
- the stream of fluid material leaving the nozzle has an annular section.
- the hot gas flow in the form of an envelope of revolution and / or the stream of fluid material may also be put into turbulence immediately downstream of said shaping device.
- said nozzle comprises vanes, baffles, flanges or similar means for generating vortices in said flow of fluid material.
- the stream of fluid material is most often injected on the downstream side of said hot gas flow, that is to say directly inside said envelope. However, it can also be injected on the upstream side, so that the fluid material passes through said shaping device with said hot gas flow, with which it begins to mix in said device.
- a shaping or injection device constituted by a peripheral body and by a central body delimiting between them a channel of revolution for the flow hot gaseous, said central body being provided with at least one nozzle for fluid material, the axis of which is coaxial with the axis of revolution of said channel.
- Said central body can be held integral with the peripheral body by at least one arm crossing said channel of revolution and the length of said channel, downstream of said arm, is at least equal to once the diameter of the gas flow upstream of said device.
- the length of said channel is sufficient for the flow disturbances linked to the presence of said arm in said channel to be eliminated at the outlet of said device.
- nozzle (s) of said central body prefferably supplied with fluid material by a conduit passing through such an arm.
- said device is provided with a circulation circuit for a cooling fluid and this circuit includes conduits passing through said arm, in order to allow the central body to cool.
- the injection device according to the invention can be manufactured by a non-porous foundry (with ceramic core). It can be made of copper or stainless steel, for example.
- the annular section of the revolution channel has an area at least equal to that of the section of the incident hot gas flow.
- the device according to the invention can thus be connected to a plasma torch whose power is of the order of 2.5 MW thermal and be used to inject up to one ton / hour of pulverulent material.
- an apparatus for reaction and / or treatment of at least one material in fluid form in a hot gas flow comprising a generator of said hot gas flow and means for feeding of said fluid material is remarkable in that it comprises a device interposed on the path of said hot gas flow and constituted by a peripheral body and by a central body delimiting between them a channel of revolution, said central body being provided with at least one nozzle whose axis is coaxial with the axis of revolution of said channel.
- the device according to the invention shown schematically in Figures 1 to 3, comprises a plasma generator symbolized by a rectangle 1 in phantom and emitting a plasma jet 2 of axis XX of uniform section.
- a plasma jet 2 of axis XX of uniform section On the path of the plasma jet 2, which moves in the direction of arrow F2, is interposed an injection device 3 supplied with a material 4 in fluid form, by supply means 5. This supply is illustrated by the arrow F4.
- the injection device 3 transforms the plasma jet 2 of uniform section into a jet 6 (arrow F6) having the form of a cylindrical envelope coaxial with the axis XX, that is that is to say that the section of the plasma jet 2 downstream of the injection device 3 has an annular section.
- the injection device 3 emits a jet 7 (arrows F7) of fluid material 4, inside said plasma envelope 6 and coaxially with it. Downstream of the injection device 3, for example at a distance L from it equal to several times the diameter D of the plasma jet 2, a homogeneous jet 8 is obtained (arrow F8) resulting from the combination of the interaction and / or reaction of the plasma jet 2 and the fluid material 4, thanks to the intimate mixing of the plasma envelope 6 and the coaxial jet 7.
- the plasma generator 1 the plasma jet 2, the injection device 3, the means 5 for supplying the fluid 4 and the jet 7 of it.
- the plasma envelope 9 (arrow F9), which is formed by the injection device 3 and coaxially to which the jet 7 is injected, is no longer cylindrical like the envelope 6 of FIG. 1, but conical and converging towards the axis XX.
- the mixture of the plasma envelope 9 and the jet 7 of fluid material creates, downstream of the device 3 and at some distance from it, a homogeneous jet 10 of plasma and material 4.
- the jet 7 of fluid material 4 (arrow F7) is directed in the same direction as the plasma jets 2, 6 and 9, that is to say towards the resulting homogeneous jets 8 and 10 and therefore downstream.
- the jet 11 of fluid material 4 (arrow F11) is directed in the opposite direction to the plasma jet 2, that is to say against the current upstream of said plasma jet 2. In this case, the material 4 coming from the jet 11 passes through the injection device 3 and is transported downstream by the plasma envelope 6 (or 9).
- Figures 4 and 5 show an embodiment of the injection device 3.
- This comprises a peripheral body 12 and a central body 13, defining between them a channel 14 of revolution, said central body 13 being integral with the peripheral body 12 by means of at least one arm 15 partially closing the channel of revolution 14.
- the peripheral body 12 is fixed to the outlet of the plasma generator 1 and the central body 13 and the arm 15 are aerodynamically profiled.
- the plasma jet 2 leaving the generator 1 enters the coaxial device 3 and is put in the form of a conical envelope by passing through the annular channel 14, bypassing the central body 13, which forms an obstacle and which for example has the shape of a bulb.
- the jet 9 in the form of a conical envelope leaves the device 1 via the annular nozzle 16.
- the central body 13 has a central annular passage 17 ending in an annular nozzle 18, coaxial with the annular nozzle 16, but smaller than this.
- a conduit 19 passing through the arm 16, the downstream annular passage 17 and the nozzle 18 are supplied with fluid material 4 from the supply means 5.
- cooling fluid circulation circuits are provided in said peripheral body 12 and downstream 13. These circuits are connected to each other by conduits 20 passing through the arm 15 and are connected to the outside by supply lines 21 and return line 22.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows a device 3 adapted to the mode of implementation of FIG. 3, in which the jet 11 of fluid material (arrows F11) is directed upstream of the plasma.
- FIG 7 there is shown schematically a device 3 for injecting a stream 7 (arrows F7) of fluid material downstream and a stream 11 (arrow F11) of fluid material upstream. It was assumed that the central body 13 was connected to the peripheral body 12 by two arms 15 and 23 and that the two streams 7 and 11 came from two different sources, through passages 19 and 24, crossing the arms 15 and 23 respectively. .
- blades 25 or spoilers 26 can be provided in the channel 17, in the vicinity of the nozzle 18, to create turbulence in the jet 7 of fluid material, intended to facilitate even more the mixing the particles of said jet with the envelope-shaped plasma.
- the length 1 of the channel of revolution 14 downstream of the arm 15 is at least equal to once the diameter D of the jet 2.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour l'injection d'au moins un courant d'une matière sous forme fluide dans en écoulement gazeux chaud constitué par un jet de plasma. Elle concerne également un appareil permettant de mettre en oeuvre ce procédé et d'effectuer toutes sortes d'operations et de réactions au moyen d'un tel écoulement gazeux chaud.The present invention relates to a method and a device for injecting at least one stream of a material in fluid form into a hot gas flow constituted by a plasma jet. It also relates to an apparatus making it possible to implement this method and to carry out all kinds of operations and reactions by means of such a hot gas flow.
On sait que se sont développées, ces dernières années, des techniques de réactions chimiques et d'opérations diverses (fusion, recristallisation, pyrolyse, etc....), parfois appelées globalement chimie en plasma, mettant en oeuvre un gaz ou des matières finement divisées, telles que poudres et liquides éventuellement propulsées par un gaz, et un jet de plasma. Selon ces techniques, on injecte de telles matières, généralement appelées réactifs, dans l'écoulement chaud constitué par le jet de plasma.We know that in recent years, chemical reaction techniques and various operations have been developed (fusion, recrystallization, pyrolysis, etc.), sometimes generally called plasma chemistry, using a gas or materials finely divided, such as powders and liquids possibly propelled by a gas, and a plasma jet. According to these techniques, such materials, generally called reactants, are injected into the hot flow formed by the plasma jet.
Il est particulièrement important, pour la qualité des résultats obtenus, que l'injection des réactifs permette une répartition homogène et une dissolution parfaite de ceux-ci dans ledit écoulement. Or, on sait qu'un jet de plasma présente une viscosité élevée, de sorte que l'injection des réactifs est un problème délicat à résoudre, puisque les particules de ces réactifs rebondissent sur le jet de plasma. Il en est particulièrement ainsi lorsqu'il s'agit de faire pénétrer des gouttelettes de liquide ou des particules (dont la taille varie de quelques microns à 1000 microns) dans un jet de plasma dont la température et la pression sont respectivement de l'ordre de 2000°C à 10.000°C et de 1 à 20 bar.It is particularly important, for the quality of the results obtained, that the injection of the reagents allows a homogeneous distribution and a perfect dissolution of these in said flow. However, it is known that a plasma jet has a high viscosity, so that the injection of the reagents is a delicate problem to solve, since the particles of these reagents rebound on the plasma jet. This is particularly so when it is a question of penetrating droplets of liquid or particles (the size of which varies from a few microns to 1000 microns) in a plasma jet whose temperature and pressure are respectively of the order from 2000 ° C to 10,000 ° C and from 1 to 20 bar.
On a déjà proposé différentes méthodes pour l'injection de réactifs dans un jet de plasma. Ces méthodes font généralement intervenir l'injection des réactifs, soit en amont ou au niveau du générateur de plasma, soit en aval de celui-ci.Various methods have already been proposed for injecting reagents into a plasma jet. These methods generally involve the injection of the reagents, either upstream or at the level of the plasma generator, or downstream thereof.
Dans le premier cas, on évite un certain nombre de difficultés, et notamment celle du mélange de réactifs froids et du jet de plasma chaud due à la viscosité importante de celui-ci. En revanche, puisque les réactifs doivent traverser le générateur de plasma, cette méthode ne peut être mise en oeuvre avec des réactifs qui risquent de réagir soit avec les électrodes, soit avec les parois du générateur. De plus, elle ne peut être utilisée qu'avec les générateurs de plasma dont la structure se prête à une telle injection.In the first case, a certain number of difficulties are avoided, and in particular that of mixing cold reagents and the hot plasma jet due to the high viscosity of the latter. On the other hand, since the reagents must pass through the plasma generator, this method cannot be implemented with reagents which risk reacting either with the electrodes or with the walls of the generator. In addition, it can only be used with plasma generators whose structure is suitable for such injection.
Dans le cas d'une injection en aval du générateur, on opère de différentes manières. On peut réaliser un litfluidisé, dans lequel des particules de réactifs se trouvent en suspension dans des réservoirs annexes et entraîner ces particules vers l'écoulement chaud. On se heurte alors aux difficultés mentionnées ci-dessus, dues à la viscosité de ce dernier. On peut également faire tomber les particules par gravité dans l'écoulement chaud. Cependant, là encore, on se heurte au fait que le réactif se mélange peu à l'écoulement chaud, une partie importante des particules des réactifs ayant tendance à rebondir sur celui-ci.In the case of an injection downstream of the generator, one operates in different ways. One can produce a fluidized bed, in which particles of reagents are in suspension in auxiliary tanks and entrain these particles towards the hot flow. We then come up against the difficulties mentioned above, due to the viscosity of the latter. The particles can also be dropped by gravity into the hot flow. However, here again, we come up against the fact that the reagent mixes little with the hot flow, a large part of the particles of the reagents tending to rebound on the latter.
Pour améliorer le rendement d'une telle injection en aval du générateur de plasma et permettre une bonne homogénéité et une dissolution satisfaisante des réactifs dans un écoulement gazeux chaud, le brevet EP-B-0 134 168 (US-A-4 616 779) décrit un procédé pour l'injection d'au moins un courant d'une matière finement divisée dans un écoulement gazeux chaud constitué par un jet de plasma, selon lequel on interpose sur le trajet dudit écoulement gazeux chaud un écran percé d'une pluralité d'orifices spatialement répartis autour de l'axe dudit écoulement gazeux chaud, de façon à fractionner celui-ci en une pluralitéd'écoulements élémentaires présentant au moins approximativement la même direction générale, et on amène ledit courant de matière finement divisée à au moins une buse au moins partiellement entourée par lesdits orifices, afin de créer au moins un courant de matière finement divisée, de direction au moins approximativement semblable à celle desdits écoulements gazeux chauds élémentaires et entouré par au moins certains de ceux-ci.To improve the yield of such an injection downstream of the plasma generator and allow good homogeneity and satisfactory dissolution of the reagents in a hot gas flow, patent EP-B-0 134 168 (US-A-4,616,779) describes a method for injecting at least one stream of a finely divided material into a hot gas flow constituted by a plasma jet, according to which a screen pierced with a plurality of d is interposed on the path of said hot gas flow orifices spatially distributed around the axis of said hot gas flow, so as to split it into a plurality of elementary flows having at least approximately the same general direction, and said stream of finely divided material is brought to at least one nozzle at least partially surrounded by said orifices, in order to create at least one stream of finely divided material, of direction at least approximately similar to that said elementary hot gas flows and surrounded by at least some of them.
On réalise ainsi une injection au moins approximativement coaxiale du courant de matière finement divisée dans l'écoulement gazeux chaud, de sorte que l'on favorise les conditions de transfert entre le jet chaud et le réactif, ainsi que l'homogénéisation du mélange, tout en permettant l'entraînement, et donc la réaction, de toutes les particules de réactif par l'écoulement chaud.At least approximately coaxial injection of the stream of finely divided material into the hot gas flow is thus carried out, so that the transfer conditions between the hot jet and the reagent are favored, as well as the homogenization of the mixture, while allowing the entrainment, and therefore the reaction, of all the reagent particles by the hot flow.
La présente invention a pour objet de perfectionner le procédé du brevet rappelé ci-dessus, afin d'en améliorer encore les performances.The object of the present invention is to improve the process of the patent mentioned above, in order to further improve its performance.
A cette fin, selon l'invention, le procédé pour l'injection d'au moins un courant d'une matière fluide dans un écoulement gazeux chaud constitué par un jet de plasma, selon lequel on interpose sur le trajet dudit écoulement gazeux chaud un dispositif de mise en forme de cet écoulement gazeux chaud et on amène ladite matièrefluide à au moins une buse, créant un courant de matière fluide dont la direction est au moins approximativement semblable à la direction générale dudit écoulement gazeux chaud mis en forme pour ledit dispositif, est remarquable en ce que l'on communique audit écoulement gazeux chaud la forme d'une enveloppe de révolution et en ce qu'on dispose ladite buse d'injection coaxialement à l'axe de ladite enveloppe de révolution.To this end, according to the invention, the method for injecting at least one stream of a fluid material into a hot gas flow constituted by a plasma jet, according to which there is interposed on the path of said hot gas flow a device for shaping this hot gas flow and bringing said fluid material to at least one nozzle, creating a flow of fluid material whose direction is at least approximately similar to the general direction of said hot gas flow shaped for said device, is remarkable in that it communicates to said hot gas flow the form of an envelope of revolution and in that it disposes said injection nozzle coaxially with the axis of said envelope of revolution.
Ainsi, selon l'invention, on injecte ladite matière fluide à l'intérieur de l'écoulement gazeux chaud et, par suite de la viscosité élevée de celui-ci, les particules de ladite matière ne peuvent s'échapper et restent prisonnières du plasma, auquel elles finissent par se mêler intimement. On transforme donc en avantage l'inconvénient rencontré dans les techniques antérieures et dû à la viscosité du plasma.Thus, according to the invention, said fluid material is injected inside the hot gas flow and, as a result of the high viscosity thereof, the particles of said material cannot escape and remain trapped in the plasma. , which they end up intimately mixing with. The disadvantage encountered in the prior techniques and due to the viscosity of the plasma is therefore transformed into an advantage.
On remarquera que, dans le brevet EP-B-0 134 168 (US-A-4 616 779), écoulements élémentaires de plasma entourent partiellement la buse de sortie des particules de la matière finement divisée, de sorte que l'on bénéficie déjà, dans une certaine mesure, de l'effet de piégeage des particules de matière finement divisée par le plasma. Cependant, dans ce cas, des espaces libres subsistent entre deux écoulements élémentaires péri- phériquement consécutifs, de sorte que des particules peuvent s'échapper par ces espaces et sortir du plasma. Selon l'invention, il n'existe aucun passage pour les particules de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur du plasma et il en résulte que les performances du procédé du brevet EP-B-0 134 168 (US-A-4 616 779) sont encore améliorées.It will be noted that, in patent EP-B-0 134 168 (US-A-4 616 779), elementary plasma flows partially surround the exit nozzle of the particles of the finely divided material, so that one already benefits , to some extent, from the party trapping effect finely divided matter by the plasma. However, in this case, free spaces remain between two elementary consecutive peripheral flows, so that particles can escape through these spaces and leave the plasma. According to the invention, there is no passage for the particles from the inside to the outside of the plasma and it follows that the performance of the process of patent EP-B-0 134 168 (US-A-4 616 779 ) are further improved.
Dans une première forme de mise en oeuvre de la présente invention, ladite enveloppe de révolution de plasma est au moins sensiblement cylindrique. Dans ce cas, le mélange intime du plasma et de la matière fluide se produit en aval du dispositif de mise en forme, à une distance égale à plusieurs fois, par exemple vingt, le diamètre de l'écoulement gazeux chaud.In a first embodiment of the present invention, said plasma revolution envelope is at least substantially cylindrical. In this case, the intimate mixing of the plasma and the fluid material occurs downstream of the shaping device, at a distance equal to several times, for example twenty, the diameter of the hot gas flow.
Pour accélérer l'incorporation des particules de matière fluide au plasma, il est avantageux que, dans une seconde forme de mise en oeuvre, ladite enveloppe de révolution soit au moins sensiblement conique. Ainsi, lesdites particules sont emprisonnées dans le cone de plasma et sont forcées de se mêler à celui-ci.To accelerate the incorporation of the particles of fluid material into the plasma, it is advantageous that, in a second embodiment, said envelope of revolution is at least substantially conical. Thus, said particles are trapped in the plasma cone and are forced to mix therewith.
La matière fluide peut sortir de la buse sous la forme d'un courant à section circulaire homogène. Toutefois, il peut être préférable que, tout comme l'écoulement gazeux chaud, le courant de matière fluide sortant de la buse présente une section annulaire.The fluid material can exit from the nozzle in the form of a stream of homogeneous circular section. However, it may be preferable that, like the hot gas flow, the stream of fluid material leaving the nozzle has an annular section.
Il peut être également avantageux que l'écoulement gazeux chaud en forme d'enveloppe de révolution et/ou le courant de matière fluide soient mis en turbulence immédiatement en aval dudit dispositif de mise en forme. Dans ce cas, il est souvent préférable que ce soit le courant de matière fluide et, alors, ladite buse comporte des aubes, chicanes, rebords ou moyens analogues pour engendrer des vortex dans ledit courant de matière fluide.It may also be advantageous for the hot gas flow in the form of an envelope of revolution and / or the stream of fluid material to be put into turbulence immediately downstream of said shaping device. In this case, it is often preferable that it be the flow of fluid material and, then, said nozzle comprises vanes, baffles, flanges or similar means for generating vortices in said flow of fluid material.
Le courant de matière fluide est le plus souvent injecté du côté aval dudit écoulement gazeux chaud, c'est-à-dire directement à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe. Cependant, il peut également être injecté du côté amont, de sorte que la matière fluide traverse ledit dispositif de mise en forme avec ledit écoulement gazeux chaud, auquel elle commence à se mêler dans ledit dispositif.The stream of fluid material is most often injected on the downstream side of said hot gas flow, that is to say directly inside said envelope. However, it can also be injected on the upstream side, so that the fluid material passes through said shaping device with said hot gas flow, with which it begins to mix in said device.
Il est également possible d'injecter la matière fluide vers l'amont et vers l'aval de l'écoulement gazeux chaud. Cette variante est particulièrement intéressante lorsque deux matières fluides différentes doivent être utilisées.It is also possible to inject the fluid material upstream and downstream of the hot gas flow. This variant is particularly advantageous when two different fluid materials must be used.
Pour permettre la mise en oeuvre aisée de ce procédé, on prévoit, selon l'invention, un dispositif de mise en forme ou d'injection constitué par un corps périphérique et par un corps central délimitant entre eux un canal de révolution pour l'écoulement gazeux chaud, ledit corps central étant pourvu d'au moins une buse pour la matière fluide, dont l'axe est coaxial à l'axe de révolution dudit canal. Ledit corps central peut être maintenu solidaire du corps périphérique par au moins un bras traversant ledit canal de révolution et la longueur dudit canal, en aval dudit bras, est au moins égale à une fois le diamètre de l'écoulement gazeux en amont dudit dispositif. Ainsi, la longueur dudit canal est suffisante pour que les perturbations d'écoulement liées à la présence dudit bras dans ledit canal soient éliminées à la sortie dudit dispositif.To allow the easy implementation of this method, provision is made, according to the invention, for a shaping or injection device constituted by a peripheral body and by a central body delimiting between them a channel of revolution for the flow hot gaseous, said central body being provided with at least one nozzle for fluid material, the axis of which is coaxial with the axis of revolution of said channel. Said central body can be held integral with the peripheral body by at least one arm crossing said channel of revolution and the length of said channel, downstream of said arm, is at least equal to once the diameter of the gas flow upstream of said device. Thus, the length of said channel is sufficient for the flow disturbances linked to the presence of said arm in said channel to be eliminated at the outlet of said device.
Il est avantageux que la (ou les) buse(s) dudit corps central soi(en)t alimentée(s) en matière fluide par un conduit traversant un tel bras.It is advantageous for the nozzle (s) of said central body to be supplied with fluid material by a conduit passing through such an arm.
De préférence, ledit dispositif est pourvu d'un circuit de circulation pour un fluide de refroidissement et ce circuit comporte des conduits traversant ledit bras, afin de permettre le refroidissement du corps central.Preferably, said device is provided with a circulation circuit for a cooling fluid and this circuit includes conduits passing through said arm, in order to allow the central body to cool.
Le dispositif d'injection selon l'invention peut être fabriqué par fonderie (avec noyau céramique) non poreuse. Il peut être réalisé en cuivre ou en acier inoxydable, par exemple.The injection device according to the invention can be manufactured by a non-porous foundry (with ceramic core). It can be made of copper or stainless steel, for example.
Afin d'éviter des contraintes, la section annulaire du canal de révolution présente une aire au moins égale à celle de la section de l'écoulement gazeux chaud incident.In order to avoid constraints, the annular section of the revolution channel has an area at least equal to that of the section of the incident hot gas flow.
Le dispositif selon l'invention peut ainsi être raccordé à une torche à plasma dont la puissance est de l'ordre de 2,5 MW thermique et être utilisé pour injecter jusqu'à une tonne/heure de matière pulvérulente.The device according to the invention can thus be connected to a plasma torch whose power is of the order of 2.5 MW thermal and be used to inject up to one ton / hour of pulverulent material.
Ainsi, selon l'invention, un appareil de réaction et/ou de traitement d'au moins une matière sous forme fluide dans un écoulement gazeux chaud, tel qu'un jet de plasma, comportant un générateur dudit écoulement gazeux chaud et des moyens d'alimentation de ladite matière fluide est remarquable en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif interposé sur le trajet dudit écoulement gazeux chaud et constitué par un corps périphérique et par un corps central délimitant entre eux un canal de révolution, ledit corps central étant pourvu d'au moins une buse dont l'axe est coaxial à l'axe de révolution dudit canal.Thus, according to the invention, an apparatus for reaction and / or treatment of at least one material in fluid form in a hot gas flow, such as a plasma jet, comprising a generator of said hot gas flow and means for feeding of said fluid material is remarkable in that it comprises a device interposed on the path of said hot gas flow and constituted by a peripheral body and by a central body delimiting between them a channel of revolution, said central body being provided with at least one nozzle whose axis is coaxial with the axis of revolution of said channel.
Les figures du dessin annexé feront bien comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée. Sur ces figures, des références identiques désignent des éléments semblables.
- Les figures 1 à 3 illustrent schématiquement trois formes de mise en oeuvre différentes de la présente invention.
- La figure 4 montre, en coupe axiale, un mode de réalisation du dispositif conforme à la présente invention, la moitié inférieure de cette coupe, en trait mixte, n'étant que schématique.
- La figure 5 est une section selon la ligne V-V de la figure 4.
- Les figures 6 et 7 montrent deux variantes du dispositif de la figure 4.
- Figures 1 to 3 schematically illustrate three different embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 4 shows, in axial section, an embodiment of the device according to the present invention, the lower half of this section, in phantom, being only schematic.
- FIG. 5 is a section along line VV in FIG. 4.
- Figures 6 and 7 show two variants of the device of Figure 4.
Le dispositif selon l'invention, représenté schématiquement sur les figures 1 à 3, comporte un générateur de plasma symbolisé par un rectangle 1 en trait mixte et émettant un jet de plasma 2 d'axe X-X de section uniforme. Sur le trajet du jet de plasma 2, qui se déplace dans le sens de la flèche F2, est interposé un dispositif d'injection 3 alimenté en une matière 4 sous forme fluide, par des moyens d'amenée 5. Cette alimentation est illustrée par la flèche F4. Dans le dispositif de la figure 1, le dispositif d'injection 3 transforme le jet de plasma 2 de section uniforme en un jet 6 (flèche F6) ayant la forme d'une enveloppe cylindrique coaxiale à l'axe X-X, c'est-à-dire que la section du jet de plasma 2 en aval du dispositif d'injection 3 présente une section annulaire. De plus, le dispositif d'injection 3 émet un jet 7 (flèches F7) de matière fluide 4, à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe de plasma 6 et coaxialement à celle-ci. En aval du dispositif d'injection 3, par exemple à une distance L de celui-ci égale à plusieurs fois le diamètre D du jet de plasma 2, on obtient un jet homogène 8 (flèche F8) résultant de la combinaison, de l'interaction et/ou de la réaction du jet de plasma 2 et de la matière fluide 4, grâce au mélange intime de l'enveloppe de plasma 6 et du jet coaxial 7.The device according to the invention, shown schematically in Figures 1 to 3, comprises a plasma generator symbolized by a
Dans la forme de mise en oeuvre schématique illustrée par la figure 2, on retrouve le générateur de plasma 1, le jet de plasma 2, le dispositif d'injection 3, les moyens d'amenée 5 de la matière fluide 4 et le jet 7 de celle-ci. Dans ce cas, l'enveloppe de plasma 9 (flèche F9), qui est formée par le dispositif d'injection 3 et coaxialement à laquelle est injecté le jet 7, n'est plus cylindrique comme l'enveloppe 6 de la figure 1, mais conique et convergente vers l'axe X-X. Le mélange de l'enveloppe de plasma 9 et du jet 7 de matière fluide crée, en aval du dispositif 3 et à quelque distance de celui-ci, un jet homogène 10 de plasma et de matière 4.In the schematic embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, we find the
Dans les formes de mise en oeuvre des figures 1 et 2, le jet 7 de matière fluide 4 (flèche F7) est dirigé dans le même sens que les jets de plasma 2, 6 et 9, c'est-à-dire vers les jets homogènes résultants 8 et 10 et donc vers l'aval. En revanche, dans la mise en oeuvre de la figure 3, le jet 11 de matière fluide 4 (flèche F11) est dirigé en sens opposé au jet de plasma 2, c'est-à-dire à contre courant vers l'amont dudit jet de plasma 2. Dans ce cas, la matière 4 provenant du jet 11 traverse le dispositif d'injection 3 et est transportée vers l'aval par l'enveloppe de plasma 6 (ou 9).In the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2, the jet 7 of fluid material 4 (arrow F7) is directed in the same direction as the
Bien entendu, bien que cela ne soit pas représenté sur les figures, dans un dispositif selon l'invention on peut prévoir un jet 7 de matière fluide dirigé vers l'aval et un jet 11 de matière fluide dirigé vers l'amont. Dans ce cas, les matières des jets 7 et 11 peuvent être différentes.Of course, although this is not shown in the figures, in a device according to the invention it is possible to provide a jet 7 of fluid material directed downstream and a
Les figures 4 et 5 montrent un mode de réalisation du dispositif d'injection 3. Celui-ci comporte un corps périphérique 12 et un corps central 13, délimitant entre eux un canal 14 de révolution, ledit corps central 13 étant solidaire du corps périphérique 12 par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un bras 15 obturant partiellement le canal de révolution 14.Figures 4 and 5 show an embodiment of the
Le corps périphérique 12 est fixé à la sortie du générateur de plasma 1 et le corps central 13 et le bras 15 sont aérodynamiquement profilés. Le jet de plasma 2 sortant du générateur 1 (flèches F2) pénètre dans le dispositif coaxial 3 et est mis sous la forme d'une enveloppe conique par passage dans le canal annulaire 14, en contournant le corps central 13, qui forme obstacle et qui a par exemple la forme d'un bulbe. Le jet 9 en forme d'enveloppe conique (flèches F9) sort du dispositif 1 par l'intermédiaire de la buse annulaire 16. Le corps central 13 comporte un passage annulaire central 17 se terminant par une buse annulaire 18, coaxiale à la buse annulaire 16, mais plus petite que celle-ci. Par un conduit 19, passant à travers le bras 16, le passage annulaire aval 17 et la buse 18 sont alimentés en matière fluide 4 à partir des moyens d'alimentation 5.The
Par ailleurs, des circuits de circulation de fluide de refroidissement sont prévus dans lesdits corps périphérique 12 et aval 13. Ces circuits sont en liaison l'un avec l'autre par des conduits 20 traversant le bras 15 et sont reliés avec l'extérieur par des canalisations d'amenée 21 et une canalisation de retour 22.Furthermore, cooling fluid circulation circuits are provided in said
Le dispositif 3 des figures 4 et 5 correspond à celui de la figure 2 dans lequel la buse 18 émettant le jet 7 est dirigée vers l'aval du jet de plasma. En revanche, la figure 6 montre schématiquement un dispositif 3 adapté au mode de mise en oeuvre de la figure 3, dans lequel le jet 11 de matière fluide (flèches F11 ) est dirigé vers l'amont du plasma.The
Sur la figure 7, on a représenté schématiquement un dispositif 3 pour l'injection d'un courant 7 (flèches F7) de matière fluide vers l'aval et d'un courant 11 (flèche F11) de matière fluide vers l'amont. On y a supposé que le corps central 13 était relié au corps périphérique 12 par deux bras 15 et 23 et que les deux courants 7 et 11 provenaient de deux sources différentes, à travers des passages 19 et 24, traversant respectivement les bras 15 et 23.In Figure 7, there is shown schematically a
Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 4, des aubes 25 ou des becquets 26 peuvent être prévus dans le canal 17, au voisinage de la buse 18, pour créer des turbulences dans le jet 7 de matière fluide, destinées à faciliter encore plus le mélange des particules dudit jet au plasma en forme d'enveloppe.As can be seen in FIG. 4,
De plus, à des fins d'homogénéisation parfaite de l'écoulement gazeux additionné de matière fluide, la longueur 1 du canal de révolution 14 en aval du bras 15 est au moins égale à une fois le diamètre D du jet 2.In addition, for the purpose of perfect homogenization of the gas flow supplemented with fluid material, the
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT88401034T ATE60480T1 (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-04-28 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INJECTING A LIQUID SUBSTANCE INTO A HOT GAS STREAM AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT THESE METHOD. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8706084 | 1987-04-29 | ||
FR8706084A FR2614751B1 (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1987-04-29 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE INJECTION OF A MATERIAL IN A FLUID FORM INTO A HOT GAS FLOW AND APPARATUS USING THE SAME |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0289422A1 EP0289422A1 (en) | 1988-11-02 |
EP0289422B1 true EP0289422B1 (en) | 1991-01-23 |
Family
ID=9350625
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88401034A Expired - Lifetime EP0289422B1 (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-04-28 | Method and device for the injection of a fluid into a flow of hot gases, and apparatus for carrying out this method |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4958767A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0289422B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0732075B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR960000937B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE60480T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU603891B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8802166A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1286369C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3861620D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK169397B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2019990B3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2614751B1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA882806B (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3916465A1 (en) * | 1989-05-20 | 1990-11-22 | Bayer Ag | PRODUCTION OF SPHERICAL DISPERSIONS BY CRYSTALLIZATION OF EMULSIONS |
JPH03150341A (en) * | 1989-11-07 | 1991-06-26 | Onoda Cement Co Ltd | Conjugate torch type plasma generator and plasma generating method using the same |
US5233153A (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1993-08-03 | Edo Corporation | Method of plasma spraying of polymer compositions onto a target surface |
US5405085A (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 1995-04-11 | White; Randall R. | Tuneable high velocity thermal spray gun |
US5520334A (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 1996-05-28 | White; Randall R. | Air and fuel mixing chamber for a tuneable high velocity thermal spray gun |
US5445325A (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 1995-08-29 | White; Randall R. | Tuneable high velocity thermal spray gun |
DE19625539A1 (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-01-02 | Entwicklungsgesellschaft Elekt | Thermal processing of substances in plasma furnace |
GB9707369D0 (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 1997-05-28 | Glaverbel | Lance for heating or ceramic welding |
US6617538B1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2003-09-09 | Imad Mahawili | Rotating arc plasma jet and method of use for chemical synthesis and chemical by-products abatements |
US7510664B2 (en) * | 2001-01-30 | 2009-03-31 | Rapt Industries, Inc. | Apparatus and method for atmospheric pressure reactive atom plasma processing for shaping of damage free surfaces |
US7591957B2 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2009-09-22 | Rapt Industries, Inc. | Method for atmospheric pressure reactive atom plasma processing for surface modification |
US6660177B2 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2003-12-09 | Rapt Industries Inc. | Apparatus and method for reactive atom plasma processing for material deposition |
JP4431857B2 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2010-03-17 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Micro device |
EP1690592A1 (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2006-08-16 | Nestec S.A. | Mixing device and method including an injection nozzle |
FR2922406A1 (en) | 2007-10-12 | 2009-04-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | LIQUID CHARGE INJECTION DEVICE FOR MIXING / CONVERTING WITHIN A DARD PLASMA OR A GASEOUS FLOW |
GB0904948D0 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2009-05-06 | Monitor Coatings Ltd | Compact HVOF system |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US370538A (en) * | 1887-09-27 | Friedrich herrmann | ||
GB432831A (en) * | 1934-06-08 | 1935-08-02 | Fritz Schori | Apparatus for projecting or spraying metals or other pulverized substances |
US2992869A (en) * | 1957-04-15 | 1961-07-18 | Horst Corp Of America V D | Engine piston |
US3062451A (en) * | 1959-12-28 | 1962-11-06 | Brennan Lab Inc | Metal spraying apparatus and method |
FR2001694A1 (en) * | 1968-02-10 | 1969-09-26 | Draiswerke Gmbh | |
US3894209A (en) * | 1973-11-23 | 1975-07-08 | Sirius Corp | Nozzle for energy beam system |
AU506536B2 (en) * | 1976-05-24 | 1980-01-10 | Rockwell International Corp. | Coal hydrogenation |
US4065057A (en) * | 1976-07-01 | 1977-12-27 | Durmann George J | Apparatus for spraying heat responsive materials |
AU536343B2 (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1984-05-03 | Airoil-Flaregas Limited | Disposing of waste gas |
US4416421A (en) * | 1980-10-09 | 1983-11-22 | Browning Engineering Corporation | Highly concentrated supersonic liquified material flame spray method and apparatus |
US4540121A (en) * | 1981-07-28 | 1985-09-10 | Browning James A | Highly concentrated supersonic material flame spray method and apparatus |
FR2550467B1 (en) * | 1983-08-08 | 1989-08-04 | Aerospatiale | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INJECTING A FINELY DIVIDED MATERIAL INTO A HOT GAS FLOW AND APPARATUS USING THE SAME |
EP0163776A3 (en) * | 1984-01-18 | 1986-12-30 | James A. Browning | Highly concentrated supersonic flame spray method and apparatus with improved material feed |
SU1199283A2 (en) * | 1984-09-24 | 1985-12-23 | Белорусское республиканское научно-производственное объединение порошковой металлургии | Tip for flame spraying gun |
-
1987
- 1987-04-29 FR FR8706084A patent/FR2614751B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1988
- 1988-04-18 DK DK209688A patent/DK169397B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-21 ZA ZA882806A patent/ZA882806B/en unknown
- 1988-04-25 JP JP63100433A patent/JPH0732075B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-28 AT AT88401034T patent/ATE60480T1/en active
- 1988-04-28 EP EP88401034A patent/EP0289422B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-28 DE DE8888401034T patent/DE3861620D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-28 AU AU15288/88A patent/AU603891B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-04-28 KR KR1019880004848A patent/KR960000937B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-28 ES ES88401034T patent/ES2019990B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-29 BR BR8802166A patent/BR8802166A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-29 CA CA000565535A patent/CA1286369C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-29 US US07/188,425 patent/US4958767A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR880013426A (en) | 1988-11-30 |
CA1286369C (en) | 1991-07-16 |
BR8802166A (en) | 1988-12-06 |
FR2614751A1 (en) | 1988-11-04 |
DE3861620D1 (en) | 1991-02-28 |
ES2019990B3 (en) | 1991-07-16 |
DK209688D0 (en) | 1988-04-18 |
EP0289422A1 (en) | 1988-11-02 |
KR960000937B1 (en) | 1996-01-15 |
JPH0732075B2 (en) | 1995-04-10 |
JPS63274097A (en) | 1988-11-11 |
AU603891B2 (en) | 1990-11-29 |
DK209688A (en) | 1988-10-30 |
AU1528888A (en) | 1988-11-03 |
ATE60480T1 (en) | 1991-02-15 |
FR2614751B1 (en) | 1991-10-04 |
DK169397B1 (en) | 1994-10-17 |
US4958767A (en) | 1990-09-25 |
ZA882806B (en) | 1988-10-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0289422B1 (en) | Method and device for the injection of a fluid into a flow of hot gases, and apparatus for carrying out this method | |
FR2550467A1 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE INJECTION OF A FINALLY DIVIDED MATERIAL IN A HOT GAS FLOW AND APPARATUS USING THE SAME | |
CA2047913C (en) | Dual gaz mixing process and device | |
CA2638814C (en) | Multipoint injector for turbine engine | |
EP0574580A1 (en) | Coaxial nozzle for surface treatment by laser beam, with supply of materials in powder form. | |
FR2550469A1 (en) | INJECTOR OF MICROBULLES | |
FR2485692A1 (en) | METHOD AND BURNER FOR PRODUCING LOW NITROXY OXIDE COMBUSTION OF EXHAUST GASES IN A RADIANT TUBE | |
EP0833949B1 (en) | Nozzle with a welded lance head for melt agitation | |
FR2577658A1 (en) | DEVICE FOR HOMOGENIZING A TRANSPORTED FLUID IN A CANALIZATION | |
CA2522932C (en) | Flame covering method and corresponding device | |
CH656074A5 (en) | INSTALLATION FOR INJECTING A POWDERY MATERIAL, ESPECIALLY AN ADSORBENT MATERIAL, INTO A CONTACT COLUMN. | |
FR2489481A1 (en) | PULVERIZED CHARCOAL BURNER | |
BE1011508A6 (en) | Process for accelerating an abrasive for gas jet surface treatment and the nozzle device for implementing the process | |
FR2571124A1 (en) | CHALUMEAU NOZZLE WITH INTERNAL MIXTURE | |
BE495779A (en) | ||
FR2972225A1 (en) | INJECTOR FOR INJECTION HEAD OF A COMBUSTION CHAMBER | |
EP0041878A2 (en) | Fuel injection device for a gas turbine | |
BE342572A (en) | ||
FR2825305A1 (en) | Laser beam welding comprises use of lateral nozzle for improved distribution of protective gas | |
BE373918A (en) | ||
JPH07241681A (en) | Welding torch and equipment for cladding by welding | |
FR2557269A1 (en) | CURRENT SEPARATOR | |
BE381926A (en) | ||
BE702469A (en) | ||
FR2728892A1 (en) | Pyrotechnic compsn. mfg. procedure |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19881205 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19900409 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 60480 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19910215 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) | ||
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3861620 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19910228 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: MODIANO & ASSOCIATI S.R.L. |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
EPTA | Lu: last paid annual fee | ||
EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 88401034.9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19990412 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19990416 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19990419 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19990422 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 19990423 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 19990428 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19990429 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19990430 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19990505 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000428 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000428 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000428 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000429 Ref country code: ES Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Effective date: 20000429 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000430 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000430 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000430 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: AEROSPATIALE SOC. NATIONALE INDUSTRIELLE Effective date: 20000430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20001101 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 88401034.9 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20000428 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20001101 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010201 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20020204 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050428 |