EP0282381B1 - Strassenregenerierungsanlage - Google Patents

Strassenregenerierungsanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0282381B1
EP0282381B1 EP88400357A EP88400357A EP0282381B1 EP 0282381 B1 EP0282381 B1 EP 0282381B1 EP 88400357 A EP88400357 A EP 88400357A EP 88400357 A EP88400357 A EP 88400357A EP 0282381 B1 EP0282381 B1 EP 0282381B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workshop
milling
devices
rotor
binder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88400357A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0282381A1 (de
Inventor
Roger Guillon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beugnet SA
Original Assignee
Beugnet SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beugnet SA filed Critical Beugnet SA
Priority to AT88400357T priority Critical patent/ATE56059T1/de
Publication of EP0282381A1 publication Critical patent/EP0282381A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0282381B1 publication Critical patent/EP0282381B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/22Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
    • E01C19/30Tamping or vibrating apparatus other than rollers ; Devices for ramming individual paving elements
    • E01C19/34Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight
    • E01C19/40Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight adapted to impart a smooth finish to the paving, e.g. tamping or vibrating finishers
    • E01C19/405Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight adapted to impart a smooth finish to the paving, e.g. tamping or vibrating finishers with spreading-out, levelling or smoothing means other than the tamping or vibrating means for compacting or smoothing, e.g. with screws for spreading-out the previously dumped material, with non-vibratory lengthwise reciprocated smoothing beam
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E01C23/06Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
    • E01C23/065Recycling in place or on the road, i.e. hot or cold reprocessing of paving in situ or on the traffic surface, with or without adding virgin material or lifting of salvaged material; Repairs or resurfacing involving at least partial reprocessing of the existing paving
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E01C23/06Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
    • E01C23/08Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for roughening or patterning; for removing the surface down to a predetermined depth high spots or material bonded to the surface, e.g. markings; for maintaining earth roads, clay courts or like surfaces by means of surface working tools, e.g. scarifiers, levelling blades
    • E01C23/085Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for roughening or patterning; for removing the surface down to a predetermined depth high spots or material bonded to the surface, e.g. markings; for maintaining earth roads, clay courts or like surfaces by means of surface working tools, e.g. scarifiers, levelling blades using power-driven tools, e.g. vibratory tools
    • E01C23/088Rotary tools, e.g. milling drums
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2301/00Machine characteristics, parts or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • E01C2301/50Methods or devices for preventing dust by spraying or sucking

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pavement regeneration workshop, capable of moving over the latter in order to regenerate the asphalt cold, which may consist of bituminous concrete, gravel in the form of an emulsion, gravel bitumen, etc. ...
  • These devices which allow a reinforcement "in situ" of a roadway generally consist of a self-propelled vehicle comprising, in the direction of travel, milling members, kneading members of milled products with the addition of a regeneration binder , as well as distributing members on the pavement of the coated materials thus treated, and smoothing and precompacting members.
  • the regeneration binder used is most often constituted by bitumen, an emulsion, fluxed bitumen or any other hydrocarbon binder.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a pavement regeneration workshop of the above type, characterized in that the milling members are constituted by a milling rotor movable transversely or first rotor, and by a fixed milling rotor or second rotor disposed behind the first rotor, in the direction of advancement of the vehicle, these two rotors, each arranged in a decohesion chamber provided with decohesion bars being constituted by a drive tube disposed substantially transversely to the direction of advance and on which are welded three turns each provided with a series of teeth.
  • the teeth of the turns are most often provided with tungsten carbide tips.
  • the decohesion bars arranged in the two decohesion chambers have, conventionally, the purpose of limiting the passage between the rotor and the casing, so as to allow the bursting of the coated materials.
  • a mobile decohesion bar mounted at the bottom of the decohesion chambers and associated with an adjustable system, making it possible to limit the height by ground, and reduce the distance between it and the tips of the teeth.
  • the two decohesion chambers are provided, at their front part, with water injections capable of cooling the teeth and fixing the dust.
  • the first milling rotor is provided with an impeller fed by the turns of this rotor which projects the products milled by the latter into a chute which transfers them to the decohesion chamber of the second milling rotor.
  • This characteristic is likely to significantly improve the transport of milled products.
  • the kneading members supplied by the turns of the second rotor, consist of a kneading tank provided, at its front part, with an injection ramp for the hydrocarbon regeneration binder to a flow proportional to the flow of milled products as well as two kneading shafts arranged longitudinally relative to the direction of the vehicle and on which arms are mounted, in particular provided with interchangeable paddles arranged so as to constitute a turn which, while strongly kneading the products coming from the decohesion chamber of the second milling rotor, rejects them at the rear of the vehicle in front of the distribution members.
  • the kneading tank is provided with a double-jacketed bottom furnished with wear plates of special cast iron and the internal space of which is heated by the exhaust gases of the vehicle, in particular of the Diippoel vehicle.
  • This characteristic is likely to reduce the cost price of the treatment in accordance with the invention.
  • the workshop comprises, below the mixing tank, a spreading ramp on the floor, before distribution of the regenerated mixes with a bonding layer constituted by a hydrocarbon binder.
  • This binder is essential to obtain a satisfactory pavement after treatment.
  • the ramp for spreading the hydrocarbon binder of the bonding layer is constituted by at least one carriage provided with an injector which scans the milled surface transversely to distribute therein a homogeneous layer of hydrocarbon binder to a flow proportional to the surface to be treated.
  • suction members mounted behind the two milling rotors in the direction of movement suck up the dust produced during milling, thus ensuring cleaning of the pavement and allowing the binder of the bonding layer to ensure satisfactory bonding between the milled pavement and the regenerated asphalt.
  • the distribution members on the pavement of the regenerated asphalt consist of a right distribution screw and a left distribution screw, as well as by a vibrating smoothing table adjustable in height and provided with reheating which distributes and compacts the regenerated asphalt, this table being provided with tamping knives whose alternating vertical displacement ensures pre-compaction.
  • the members for reheating the smoothing surface can be any according to the invention (either gas, oil, or electric).
  • the vibrating smoothing table is carried, at its two upper ends, by two arms articulated on the chassis of the machine, the anchoring points of these joints being mounted on slides and capable of be adjusted in height by means of jacks.
  • cylinders can be controlled either manually via solenoid valves or automatically via an automatic leveling system.
  • this system can operate either with an altimetry probe on each side of the vehicle, or with a probe on the left and a slope detector, or with a probe on the right and a slope detector.
  • the kneading members as well as the distribution members are mounted on a carriage allowing the rear of the vehicle to be released.
  • This configuration allows the rear of the vehicle to be cleared to facilitate maintenance and, if necessary, troubleshooting.
  • the workshop includes an electronic computer capable of regulating the water distribution pumps, the bonding binder and the regeneration binder from the reference values of the contents in these three materials per square meter or cubic meter, the working width and the density of milled materials, as well as information transmitted by an electronic system which measures the forward speed of the vehicle, and by an altimetry sensor on the right which gives the height of the milling on the right and an altimetry probe on the left which gives the height of the milling on the left.
  • the computer sends instructions to the plates of the DC motors which drive each of the pumps.
  • the flow of water is proportional to the volume of the treated materials, resulting in a constant weight dosage, while the flow of bonding binder is proportional to the surface treated and the flow of regeneration binder proportional to the volume treated materials.
  • the workshop includes an air flush which, at each stop of the vehicle and after delay, empties the injection pipes of the regeneration binder and the binder of the bonding layer so that these two binders do not freeze in the injection pipes.
  • the workshop is constituted by a self-propelled vehicle controlled by a Diippoel engine 1 and whose carrier chassis 2 rests on two front tracks 3, 3 'and two rear tracks 4, 4'.
  • This vehicle successively comprises, in the direction of travel A, milling members I, mixing members II, members III for distributing the coated materials on the roadway once treated and smoothing and precompaction members IV.
  • the milling members 1 are constituted by a first milling rotor 5 movable transversely along the arrow B as indicated by dotted lines in FIG. 1, and by a second fixed milling rotor 6 disposed behind the first milling rotor 5, parallel to this one.
  • each of the rotors 5, 6 is arranged in a decohesion chamber 5 ', 6'.
  • These rotors 5, 6 each consist of a drive tube 50, 60 disposed substantially transversely to the direction of advance A ( Figure 1) on which are welded three turns each provided with a series of teeth 7 provided with carbide tungsten tips.
  • the decohesion chambers 5 ′, 6 ′ are provided with decohesion bars 8, 8 ′, 10, 10 ′ having the aim of limiting the passage left free for milling products between the casings and the rotors of milling 5, 6 so as to allow the bursting of the coated materials.
  • the decohesion bars 8 and 8 ′ are fixed while the decohesion bars 10.
  • 10 ′ arranged at the lower front part of the decohesion chambers 5 ′ and 6 ′ are associated with members adjustment not shown which limit their height from the ground XX 'and reduce the distance between these bars 10 and 10' of the teeth of the milling rotors 5 and 6 and thus avoid the lifting of the asphalt plates.
  • the decohesion chambers 5 ′, 6 ′ are also respectively provided with cleaning and pickup blades 9, 9 ′ which cooperate with suction members not shown mounted behind the milling rotors 5 and 6 in the direction of movement. to suck up the dust produced during milling, thus ensuring cleaning of the pavement allowing satisfactory adhesion of a bonding binder which will be described in more detail in the remainder of this description.
  • the two decohesion chambers 5 ′ and 6 ′ are, moreover, provided with water injectors, not shown, the purpose of which is to cool the teeth 7 and fix the dust.
  • the first milling rotor 5 cooperates, moreover, with an impeller fed by the turns of this rotor which projects the products milled by it into a chute 11 which transfers them to the decohesion chamber 6 'of the second milling rotor 6.
  • the kneading members II which are supplied by the turns of the second milling rotor 6 'are constituted by a kneading tank 12 containing two kneading shafts 13, 13' arranged parallel and longitudinally relative to to the direction A of movement of the vehicle.
  • Each of these shafts 13, 13 ′ carries arms 14 at the ends of which are interchangeable pallets 15 arranged so as to constitute a turn which, while strongly kneading the products coming from the decohesion chamber 6 ′ of the second milling rotor 6, rejects them at the rear of the vehicle, in front of the distribution components III.
  • the mixing tank 12 is, moreover, provided, at its front part, with an injection ramp 16 of a regeneration binder which may consist of bitumen, an emulsion, fluxed bitumen or any other hydrocarbon binder; the flow of this ramp must, of course, be proportional to the flow of milling products introduced into the tank 12.
  • a hatch 17 ( Figure 2) mounted at the rear of the tank 12 keeps the level of products in this the latter regardless of the forward speed and, consequently, improve the quality of the mixing.
  • the tank 12 is provided with a bottom 18 with a double envelope which is lined with wear plates of special cast iron and the internal space of which is heated by the exhaust gas Diippoel of the vehicle or by a heat transfer fluid.
  • a ramp 19 provided below the tank 12 also makes it possible to spread on the road X-X ′, after milling, but before distribution of the regenerated coated materials, a bonding layer constituted by a hydrocarbon binder.
  • this ramp 19 Given the low flow rates to be distributed by this ramp 19, it is actually constituted by a carriage not shown provided with an injector which moves transversely on a slide in order to spread over the milled surface, a homogeneous layer of binder hydrocarbon at a rate proportional to the surface to be treated.
  • the distribution members III on the roadway XX ′ of the regenerated coated materials are mainly constituted by a distribution screw 20.
  • the smoothing and precompacting members IV mainly consist of a vibrating smoothing table 21 adjustable in height and provided with heating elements 22 of its lower surface 23 which distributes smooth and compacts the regenerated mixes.
  • the distribution screw 20 is broken down into a right part 24 and a left part 25 which make it possible to spread the product on the road XX ′.
  • the vibrating table 21 is carried at its two upper ends by two arms 26, 26 'which are articulated on the chassis 2 of the vehicle by their ends 27; the anchoring points of these articulations 27 are mounted on slides not shown and are capable of being adjusted in height by means of jacks 28.
  • These jacks 28 can either be controlled manually by means of solenoid valves or automatically through an automatic leveling system.
  • a cylinder 29 is, moreover, mounted between the chassis 2 of the vehicle and the upper part of the arms 26, 26 'to allow the lifting of the table 21 during transfers.
  • This table 21 is, moreover, provided at its front part with tamping knives 30, the reciprocating vertical displacement of which provides precompaction.
  • This table 21 is also provided with a vibration system which ensures correct work of the smoothing surface 23.
  • the kneading members II as well as the distribution members III are mounted on a carriage which makes it possible to free the rear of the vehicle to facilitate maintenance and troubleshooting.
  • the flow rates of the water distribution pumps 31 as well as the distribution pumps for the bonding binder 32 and the regeneration binder 33 are automatically controlled by an electronic computer not shown from the setpoint values of the contents in three aforementioned materials per square meter or cubic meter, working width, density of milled materials as well as information transmitted by an electronic system which measures the forward speed of the vehicle and by an altimetry sensor on the right which gives the height of the milling on the right and an altimetry probe on the left which gives the height of the milling on the left.
  • an air flush allows each stop of the vehicle and after delay to empty the injection pipes of the regeneration binder and the binder of the bonding layer so that these two binders not freeze in the injection pipes, these pipes themselves being heated by a network of electrical resistances or a heat transfer fluid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Steering Control In Accordance With Driving Conditions (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Straßenregenerierungsanlage, die auf der Straße zum Regenerieren der Fahrbahnmaterialien fortbewegbar und von einem selbsfahrenden Fahrzeug gebildet ist, das in Vorschubrichtung (A) Fräsorgane (I), Mischorgane (11) für die Fräsprodukte unter Hinzufügung eines Bindemittels zur Regenerierung sowie Verteilerorgane (111) für die so behandelten Fahrbahnmaterialien auf der Straße und Glätt- und Vorverdichtungsorgane (IV) umfaßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fräsorgane (I) von einem quer verlagerbaren Fräsrotor (5) oder ersten Rotor und von einem ortsfesten Fräsrotor (6) oder zweiten Rotor in Vorschubrichtung (A) des Fahrzeugs hinter dem ersten Rotor (5) gebildet sind und die beiden jeweils in einer mit Entfestigungsschienen (8, 8', 10, 10') versehenen Entfestigungskammer (5', 6') angeordneten Rotoren (5, 6) von einem Antriebsrohr (50, 60) gebildet sind, das im wesentlichen quer in bezug auf die Vorschubrichtung (A) angeordnet ist und auf dem drei jeweils mit einer Reihe von Zähnen (7) ausgestattete Spiralen aufgeschweißt sind.
EP88400357A 1987-03-03 1988-02-17 Strassenregenerierungsanlage Expired - Lifetime EP0282381B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88400357T ATE56059T1 (de) 1987-03-03 1988-02-17 Strassenregenerierungsanlage.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8702856A FR2611767B1 (fr) 1987-03-03 1987-03-03 Atelier de regeneration d'une chaussee
FR8702856 1987-03-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0282381A1 EP0282381A1 (de) 1988-09-14
EP0282381B1 true EP0282381B1 (de) 1990-08-29

Family

ID=9348543

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88400357A Expired - Lifetime EP0282381B1 (de) 1987-03-03 1988-02-17 Strassenregenerierungsanlage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0282381B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE56059T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3860501D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2018076B3 (de)
FR (1) FR2611767B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3835860A1 (de) * 1988-10-21 1990-04-26 Schoelkopf Fahrbahndecken Recy Baumaschine zum fertigen eines deckenbelages fuer radwege, gehwege oder dgl.
US4946307A (en) * 1989-08-15 1990-08-07 Astec Industries, Inc. Asphalt pavement recycling apparatus
WO1992011415A1 (fr) * 1990-12-24 1992-07-09 Jean Filion Machine a faire des routes
AU4785996A (en) * 1995-02-24 1996-09-11 Gfb Gesellschaft Fur Bauwerksabdichtungen Mbh Process for repairing the top layer of roads and a device for carrying out the said process
IT1295733B1 (it) * 1997-08-06 1999-05-27 Marini Spa Macchina per treno di riciclaggio a freddo di pavimentazione stradale
DE10213017A1 (de) 2002-03-22 2003-10-09 Wirtgen Gmbh Verfahren zum Optimieren eines Schneidprozesses bei Straßenfräsmaschinen, sowie Fräsmaschine zum Bearbeiten von Straßendecken
NL2000239C2 (nl) * 2006-09-18 2008-03-19 Reproad B V Inrichting en werkwijze voor het verbreden van een bestaand wegdek.
CN101392495B (zh) * 2008-09-28 2010-06-23 长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司 沥青路面就地热再生复拌机
DE102009051840A1 (de) * 2009-09-24 2011-03-31 Kronenberger, Ernst J., Ing. Ing. Verfahren zur Beschleunigung der puzzolanen Reaktion mit Kalk oder Kalk-Zement-Mischbindern verbesserter Böden durch CO2-angereicherte Atmosphäre
DE102009060719A1 (de) * 2009-12-29 2011-06-30 Brandt, Christian, 83530 Verfahren zum Aufnehmen von Streugut einer Straßenfräsmaschine und Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
DE102012021379B4 (de) * 2012-10-31 2021-09-09 Bomag Gmbh Bodenfräsmaschine mit schwenkbarer Fahreinrichtung
CN104981570B (zh) * 2012-12-12 2017-10-03 维米尔制造公司 用于感测材料碎化机械的碎化元件的磨损的系统和方法
DE102013013304A1 (de) 2013-08-12 2015-02-12 Wirtgen Gmbh Selbstfahrende Baumaschine zum Bearbeiten von Fahrbahnen oder Bodenoberflächen und Verfahren zum Kühlen der Fräswerkzeuge einer Fräswalze einer selbstfahrenden Baumaschine
FR3031991B1 (fr) * 2015-01-28 2018-07-13 Colas Procede de rabotage de chaussee a abattement de poussieres a l'aide d'une raboteuse mobile
CN112387364A (zh) * 2020-10-13 2021-02-23 闫春会 一种食品加工机用研磨装置
US11613855B1 (en) 2021-10-11 2023-03-28 Caterpillar Paving Products Inc. System and method of material evacuation in mill chamber
ES2971815A1 (es) * 2022-11-03 2024-06-07 Multiservicios Triton S L Equipo de rotura mecánica

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2012673A1 (de) * 1970-03-17 1971-10-07 Wurmbach, Berthold, 5910 Ferndorf Straßenfrase
US3843274A (en) * 1972-09-25 1974-10-22 Caterpillar Tractor Co Asphalt reclaimer
CH586792A5 (en) * 1974-12-06 1977-04-15 Arx Ag Machine for cleaning and roughing road surfaces - has chassis supporting secondary adjustable frame with several rotating tools
US4011023A (en) * 1975-12-15 1977-03-08 Cutler Repaving, Inc. Asphalt pavement recycling apparatus
US4453856A (en) * 1981-06-05 1984-06-12 Autostrade-Concessioni E Costruzioni Autostrade S.P.A. Self-propelled operating apparatus for the regeneration pavement
DE3508884A1 (de) * 1984-03-14 1986-09-25 Reinhard 5461 Windhagen Wirtgen Maschine zum abfraesen oder abschaelen von strassenbelaegen
US4637753A (en) * 1984-11-19 1987-01-20 Cmi Corporation Road planar having particle reducing means
FR2586435B1 (fr) * 1985-08-26 1988-04-22 Beugnet Sa Machine mobile de reconditionnement des chaussees

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3860501D1 (de) 1990-10-04
ATE56059T1 (de) 1990-09-15
FR2611767B1 (fr) 1989-06-30
ES2018076B3 (es) 1991-03-16
EP0282381A1 (de) 1988-09-14
FR2611767A1 (fr) 1988-09-09

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