EP0278205B1 - A hip prosthesis structure comprising a femoral component and an acetabular component - Google Patents

A hip prosthesis structure comprising a femoral component and an acetabular component Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0278205B1
EP0278205B1 EP87830130A EP87830130A EP0278205B1 EP 0278205 B1 EP0278205 B1 EP 0278205B1 EP 87830130 A EP87830130 A EP 87830130A EP 87830130 A EP87830130 A EP 87830130A EP 0278205 B1 EP0278205 B1 EP 0278205B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceramic
metal
component
prosthesis structure
hip prosthesis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87830130A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0278205A1 (en
Inventor
Patrizio Cremascoli
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G CREMASCOLI SpA
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G CREMASCOLI SpA
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Publication of EP0278205A1 publication Critical patent/EP0278205A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3662—Femoral shafts
    • A61F2/367—Proximal or metaphyseal parts of shafts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30907—Nets or sleeves applied to surface of prostheses or in cement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/34—Acetabular cups
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30108—Shapes
    • A61F2002/3011—Cross-sections or two-dimensional shapes
    • A61F2002/30112—Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners
    • A61F2002/30113—Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners circular
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30108—Shapes
    • A61F2002/3011—Cross-sections or two-dimensional shapes
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    • A61F2002/30125—Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners elliptical or oval
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30721—Accessories
    • A61F2002/30733—Inserts placed into an endoprosthetic cavity, e.g. for modifying a material property
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A61F2002/30795—Blind bores, e.g. of circular cross-section
    • A61F2002/30805—Recesses of comparatively large area with respect to their low depth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A61F2002/30795—Blind bores, e.g. of circular cross-section
    • A61F2002/30807—Plurality of blind bores
    • A61F2002/3081—Plurality of blind bores inclined obliquely with respect to each other
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A61F2002/3085—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves with a threaded, e.g. self-tapping, bone-engaging surface, e.g. external surface
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2002/30929—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth having at least two superposed coatings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/34—Acetabular cups
    • A61F2002/3401—Acetabular cups with radial apertures, e.g. radial bores for receiving fixation screws
    • A61F2002/3403—Polar aperture
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3609—Femoral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic femoral shafts
    • A61F2002/3625—Necks
    • A61F2002/3631—Necks with an integral complete or partial peripheral collar or bearing shoulder at its base
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3609—Femoral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic femoral shafts
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2002/3678—Geometrical features
    • A61F2002/3686—Geometrical features bent
    • A61F2002/3688—Geometrical features bent with opposite proximal and distal curvatures, i.e. S-shaped shaft
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    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00017—Iron- or Fe-based alloys, e.g. stainless steel
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    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
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    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
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    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
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    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
    • A61F2310/00185—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures based on metal oxides
    • A61F2310/00203—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures based on metal oxides containing alumina or aluminium oxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
    • A61F2310/00293—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures containing a phosphorus-containing compound, e.g. apatite

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hip prosthesis structure comprising a femoral component and an acetabular component, both made partly of metal and partly of ceramic.
  • Hip prostheses as such are known, these being of various different types: for correcting loss of articulation of the femur it is known to use a so-called "total" hip prosthesis having a component to replace the head of the femur and a component to replace the acetabulum in which the head of the femur is housed.
  • Such prostheses are made either of porous metal or ceramic although in both cases there are practical disadvantages both as far as the initial fitting of the prosthesis is concerned and subsequent stabilisation in place.
  • the document DE-A-2 400 134 discloses a total hip prosthesis structure having the features of the preamble of Claim 1.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of known metal and ceramic prostheses by providing a total hip prosthesis structure which includes a socket directly screwable into the iliac bone.
  • An important advantage of the present invention is that it provides a total hip prosthesis structure in which the biological stabilisation of its component parts within the bone after implanting is greatly facilitated.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides a total hip prosthesis structure in which the coupling prosthetic acetabulum and the head of the femur has a very low coefficient of friction.
  • the total hip prosthesis structure shown comprises an acetabulum or socket component generally indicated with the reference numeral 1, and a femoral or pin component generally indicated 2.
  • the acetabulum component is constituted by a metal annular body 3 made, for example, of titanium alloy, provided with an external circumferential thread 4.
  • This annular body 3 houses within its interior a hollow ceramic insert 5 made, for example, of alumina and shaped in such a way as to present a characteristic hemispherical form.
  • the said ceramic component is fitted into the metal element preferably by hot or cold casting, and is held securely in place by the high pressure which develops between the outer ceramic surfaces and inner metal surfaces after cooling of the metal.
  • the part of the surface of the ceramic insert not intended to be coupled to the metal is then covered with a single, double, or plural layer of crushed granular material 6.
  • This layer is also composed of ceramic material for the purpose of permitting an adequate re-growth of bone between its superficial interstices for socket-bone anchorage. Bone re-growth eventually fills the narrow spaces created by the superimposed layers of ceramic granules, this layer can consequently be considered to act as a porous material.
  • ceramic granules is intended to mean both ceramic grains of spherical or other form, even irregular, the individual dimensions of which can vary between 0.100 and 2.000 millimetres.
  • the said ceramic insert 5 has an axial through-hole 7 and a part-spherical cavity 8 which can receive the part-spherical head (not shown) of the femur on the head end 12 of the femoral pin generally indicated 9, and having an elongate form enabling it to be inserted into a suitably prepared medullary canal in the femur.
  • This femoral pin is composed, in turn, of a metal base element 10 for example of titanium alloy, let into the surface of which are a plurality of granulated ceramic inserts 11 in single or plural layers, for the purpose of encouraging the anchorage of the pin to the surrounding bone.
  • a metal base element 10 for example of titanium alloy
  • ceramic inserts 11 in single or plural layers, for the purpose of encouraging the anchorage of the pin to the surrounding bone.
  • the said metal parts can be made in titanium, titanium alloys, stainless steel, chrome-cobalt alloys and the like, whilst the ceramic parts can be made with alumina, calcium aluminate, procelain, bio-glass, zirconium oxides, titanium oxides, apatites of any type, hydroxyapatites, sialon ceramics and the like, or even any combination thereof.
  • the prosthesis structure thus formed permits the following advantages to be obtained.
  • improved osteogenesis bone growth
  • the ceramic - the bio-compatibility of which is much greater than that of a similar "porous" metal implant because of the greater chemical stability of the ceramic components with respect to those of metal alloys
  • the possibility of screwing the acetabulum member to the bone without the necessity of a preliminary tapping thanks to the fact that the threads of the metal ring can be made sharp, which is not technically possible in an entirely ceramic socket.
  • a further advantage of the prosthesis of the present invention is the total absence of parts made of polyethylene or other plastics material which can be the cause of micro-detritus which is not tolerated by the organism.
  • the use of ceramic for the acetabulum component allows the possibility of highly polishing the surface so as to make possible a coupling with low co-efficient of friction between the prosthetic acetabulum socket and the head of the femur.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Description

  • The present invention relates to a hip prosthesis structure comprising a femoral component and an acetabular component, both made partly of metal and partly of ceramic.
  • Hip prostheses as such are known, these being of various different types: for correcting loss of articulation of the femur it is known to use a so-called "total" hip prosthesis having a component to replace the head of the femur and a component to replace the acetabulum in which the head of the femur is housed. Currently, such prostheses are made either of porous metal or ceramic although in both cases there are practical disadvantages both as far as the initial fitting of the prosthesis is concerned and subsequent stabilisation in place.
  • For example, the document DE-A-2 400 134 discloses a total hip prosthesis structure having the features of the preamble of Claim 1.
  • The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of known metal and ceramic prostheses by providing a total hip prosthesis structure which includes a socket directly screwable into the iliac bone.
  • According to the present invention the above object is achieved by a total hip prosthesis structure having the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • An important advantage of the present invention is that it provides a total hip prosthesis structure in which the biological stabilisation of its component parts within the bone after implanting is greatly facilitated.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides a total hip prosthesis structure in which the coupling prosthetic acetabulum and the head of the femur has a very low coefficient of friction.
  • One embodiment of the present invention will now be more particularly described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
    • Figure 1 is a partial section of the acetabulum component of a total hip prosthesis structure constituting an embodiment of the invention;
    • Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a femoral pin component of the total hip prosthesis structure of the invention;
    • Figure 3 is a transverse section of the femoral pin component of Figure 2, taken on the line III-III of Figure 2; and
    • Figure 4 is a view of the femoral pin of Figures 2 and 3 seen from the direction of the arrow A of Figure 2.
  • Referring now to the drawings the total hip prosthesis structure shown comprises an acetabulum or socket component generally indicated with the reference numeral 1, and a femoral or pin component generally indicated 2. The acetabulum component is constituted by a metal annular body 3 made, for example, of titanium alloy, provided with an external circumferential thread 4. This annular body 3 houses within its interior a hollow ceramic insert 5 made, for example, of alumina and shaped in such a way as to present a characteristic hemispherical form.
  • The said ceramic component is fitted into the metal element preferably by hot or cold casting, and is held securely in place by the high pressure which develops between the outer ceramic surfaces and inner metal surfaces after cooling of the metal. The part of the surface of the ceramic insert not intended to be coupled to the metal is then covered with a single, double, or plural layer of crushed granular material 6.
  • This layer is also composed of ceramic material for the purpose of permitting an adequate re-growth of bone between its superficial interstices for socket-bone anchorage. Bone re-growth eventually fills the narrow spaces created by the superimposed layers of ceramic granules, this layer can consequently be considered to act as a porous material. The term "ceramic granules" is intended to mean both ceramic grains of spherical or other form, even irregular, the individual dimensions of which can vary between 0.100 and 2.000 millimetres.
  • The said ceramic insert 5 has an axial through-hole 7 and a part-spherical cavity 8 which can receive the part-spherical head (not shown) of the femur on the head end 12 of the femoral pin generally indicated 9, and having an elongate form enabling it to be inserted into a suitably prepared medullary canal in the femur.
  • This femoral pin is composed, in turn, of a metal base element 10 for example of titanium alloy, let into the surface of which are a plurality of granulated ceramic inserts 11 in single or plural layers, for the purpose of encouraging the anchorage of the pin to the surrounding bone. These ceramic inserts, which in Figure 2 have a circular form, can obviously be of any form and dimensions whatsoever according to the specific constructional and/or functional requirements.
  • In particular, the said metal parts can be made in titanium, titanium alloys, stainless steel, chrome-cobalt alloys and the like, whilst the ceramic parts can be made with alumina, calcium aluminate, procelain, bio-glass, zirconium oxides, titanium oxides, apatites of any type, hydroxyapatites, sialon ceramics and the like, or even any combination thereof.
  • In substance, the prosthesis structure thus formed permits the following advantages to be obtained. First, improved osteogenesis (bone growth) within an environment - the ceramic - the bio-compatibility of which is much greater than that of a similar "porous" metal implant because of the greater chemical stability of the ceramic components with respect to those of metal alloys; second, the possibility of screwing the acetabulum member to the bone without the necessity of a preliminary tapping, thanks to the fact that the threads of the metal ring can be made sharp, which is not technically possible in an entirely ceramic socket. A further advantage of the prosthesis of the present invention is the total absence of parts made of polyethylene or other plastics material which can be the cause of micro-detritus which is not tolerated by the organism. Finally, the use of ceramic for the acetabulum component allows the possibility of highly polishing the surface so as to make possible a coupling with low co-efficient of friction between the prosthetic acetabulum socket and the head of the femur.

Claims (4)

  1. A total hip prosthesis structure comprising an acetabulum or socket component (1) and a femoral or pin component (2), both said components having a body portion (3, 10) made of a metal alloy to which are intimately connected parts (6, 11) of ceramic material which is granular or porous at least at the surface thereof, at least a porous surface of said ceramic material being arranged adjacent the bone to permit re-growth of bone between the superficial interstices of the porous surface for socket-bone anchorage, the metal body portion of the acetabulum component (1) thereof being shaped so as to simplify and facilitate anchorage in the corresponding cavity of the ilium, characterized in that the acetabulum component (1) is constituted by an annular body (3) made of metal, such as an alloy, having an external circumferential threaded portion (4) and housing within its interior a hollow ceramic body (5) having a part-spherical concavity therein constituting the socket of the prosthesis structure.
  2. A total hip prosthesis structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the said ceramic parts (5, 6, 11) of the prosthesis are fitted to the metal parts (3, 10) by hot or cold casting and are retained securely in position by the high contraction pressure which develops between the outer ceramic surfaces and the inner metal surfaces upon cooling of the metal, at least one surface of the ceramic part where it is not in contact with the metal part to which it is fixed having a single, double or plural granular layer (6) offering interstices for osteogenesis after implantation.
  3. A total hip prosthesis structure according to Claim 2, characterized in that the ceramic body portion (5) of the acetabulum component (1) has an axial through-hole, and a part-spherical cavity (8) to accomodate the head of the femoral pin component (2) the body (9) of which has an elongate form so as to be insertable into a suitably prepared medullary canal of the femur, and in that the femoral pin component comprises a metal body (10) into the surface of which ceramic granular inserts (11) having single or plural layers are fitted by casting.
  4. A total hip prosthesis structure according to any preceding claims, characterized in that the said metal parts (3, 10) are made of one or more of titanium, titanium alloy, stainless steel, chrome-cobalt alloy and the like, whilst the ceramic parts (5, 6, 11) are made of any one or more of alumina, calcium aluminate, porcelain, bio-glass, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, apatite of any type, hydroxyapatite, sialon ceramic and the like.
EP87830130A 1987-01-28 1987-04-10 A hip prosthesis structure comprising a femoral component and an acetabular component Expired - Lifetime EP0278205B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1918787 1987-01-28
IT8719187A IT1202437B (en) 1987-01-28 1987-01-28 STRUCTURE OF TOTAL ANCHOR PROSTHESIS, INCLUDING A FEMORAL COMPONENT AND AN ACETABULAR COMPONENT, REALIZED, BOTH, PART IN METAL MATERIAL AND PART IN CERAMIC MATERIAL

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0278205A1 EP0278205A1 (en) 1988-08-17
EP0278205B1 true EP0278205B1 (en) 1991-10-09

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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EP87830130A Expired - Lifetime EP0278205B1 (en) 1987-01-28 1987-04-10 A hip prosthesis structure comprising a femoral component and an acetabular component

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4813959A (en)
EP (1) EP0278205B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3773652D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2026570T3 (en)
IT (1) IT1202437B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1202437B (en) 1989-02-09
DE3773652D1 (en) 1991-11-14
US4813959A (en) 1989-03-21
IT8719187A0 (en) 1987-01-28
ES2026570T3 (en) 1992-05-01
EP0278205A1 (en) 1988-08-17

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