EP0275806B1 - Dispositif de coupe perfectionné pour un appareil de distribution et de coupe simultanées de bandes de matériaux enroulés - Google Patents

Dispositif de coupe perfectionné pour un appareil de distribution et de coupe simultanées de bandes de matériaux enroulés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0275806B1
EP0275806B1 EP87420352A EP87420352A EP0275806B1 EP 0275806 B1 EP0275806 B1 EP 0275806B1 EP 87420352 A EP87420352 A EP 87420352A EP 87420352 A EP87420352 A EP 87420352A EP 0275806 B1 EP0275806 B1 EP 0275806B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drum
blade
cutting
cutting device
blades
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87420352A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0275806A1 (fr
Inventor
Maurice Granger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT87420352T priority Critical patent/ATE73632T1/de
Publication of EP0275806A1 publication Critical patent/EP0275806A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0275806B1 publication Critical patent/EP0275806B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H35/00—Delivering articles from cutting or line-perforating machines; Article or web delivery apparatus incorporating cutting or line-perforating devices, e.g. adhesive tape dispensers
    • B65H35/04—Delivering articles from cutting or line-perforating machines; Article or web delivery apparatus incorporating cutting or line-perforating devices, e.g. adhesive tape dispensers from or with transverse cutters or perforators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K10/00—Body-drying implements; Toilet paper; Holders therefor
    • A47K10/24—Towel dispensers, e.g. for piled-up or folded textile towels; Toilet paper dispensers; Dispensers for piled-up or folded textile towels provided or not with devices for taking-up soiled towels as far as not mechanically driven
    • A47K10/32—Dispensers for paper towels or toilet paper
    • A47K10/34—Dispensers for paper towels or toilet paper dispensing from a web, e.g. with mechanical dispensing means
    • A47K10/36—Dispensers for paper towels or toilet paper dispensing from a web, e.g. with mechanical dispensing means with mechanical dispensing, roll switching or cutting devices
    • A47K10/3631—The cutting devices being driven manually
    • A47K10/3643—The cutting devices being driven manually by pulling the paper
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K10/00—Body-drying implements; Toilet paper; Holders therefor
    • A47K10/24—Towel dispensers, e.g. for piled-up or folded textile towels; Toilet paper dispensers; Dispensers for piled-up or folded textile towels provided or not with devices for taking-up soiled towels as far as not mechanically driven
    • A47K10/32—Dispensers for paper towels or toilet paper
    • A47K10/34—Dispensers for paper towels or toilet paper dispensing from a web, e.g. with mechanical dispensing means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K10/00—Body-drying implements; Toilet paper; Holders therefor
    • A47K10/24—Towel dispensers, e.g. for piled-up or folded textile towels; Toilet paper dispensers; Dispensers for piled-up or folded textile towels provided or not with devices for taking-up soiled towels as far as not mechanically driven
    • A47K10/32—Dispensers for paper towels or toilet paper
    • A47K10/34—Dispensers for paper towels or toilet paper dispensing from a web, e.g. with mechanical dispensing means
    • A47K10/36—Dispensers for paper towels or toilet paper dispensing from a web, e.g. with mechanical dispensing means with mechanical dispensing, roll switching or cutting devices
    • A47K10/3631—The cutting devices being driven manually
    • A47K2010/365—Triggering mechanism for the blade
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/465—Cutting motion of tool has component in direction of moving work
    • Y10T83/4766—Orbital motion of cutting blade
    • Y10T83/4795—Rotary tool
    • Y10T83/4812—Compound movement of tool during tool cycle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/465—Cutting motion of tool has component in direction of moving work
    • Y10T83/4766—Orbital motion of cutting blade
    • Y10T83/4795—Rotary tool
    • Y10T83/4824—With means to cause progressive transverse cutting
    • Y10T83/4827—With helical cutter blade
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/889—Tool with either work holder or means to hold work supply
    • Y10T83/896—Rotatable wound package supply

Definitions

  • the object of the invention relates to the technical sector of the means for distributing the length of materials wound on reels.
  • the invention applies to dispensers for paper, wadding and similar wiping materials.
  • the apparatus is not limited to the type according to which the roll of material in service mounted with free rotation on a support, is applied by pressure directly to a drum with non-slip surface, so that by simple manual pulling on the strip of overflowing material of the device, a strip is distributed and cut automatically, the length of which is substantially equal to the diameter of the drum, by a serrated cutting device associated with the drum, and protruding from the drum when it is rotated by traction on the material, so as to penetrate the material thus stretched on either side of the cutting device. After cutting, the launched drum returns to its initial position through the action of various complementary members, and a new strip of material overflows from the device.
  • FIGS. 1-10 These schematically illustrate the movement of the cutting blade.
  • the drum (1) whose interior is hollow allows relative to its axis of rotation an internal operation of the cutting blade (2) by means of a roller (3) associated with the blade holder (4) cooperating with the outline of a fixed bearing (5) forming a cam and around it.
  • the bearing by this cooperation ensures a movement of distribution and a progressive displacement of the blade (2), determined by the shape of the cam in order to make describe by this one inside the drum and simultaneously with the trajectory of this one.
  • the apparatus of the aforementioned type allows the cutting of lengths of strips of wadding and similar materials. This type of device is operated with great reliability of use and its commercial success confirms its technical performance.
  • the aim sought after according to the invention was therefore to improve, for example and without limitation, the design of the device to solve this need.
  • the invention relates to a new cutting device whatever the additional means used for controlling the stopping of the drum.
  • This solution has been found offering unexpected results which are very effective with regard to the cutting of paper into particularly very fine materials.
  • This solution lies in a different arrangement of the cutting blade and of the cutting device in general according to an operating mode which goes against the prior operation of this device as recalled above, and of the prior art in general. of which the depositor is aware.
  • This device is adaptable for single roller devices, double rollers and in general to any device comprising a service roller and at least one reserve roller.
  • this device comprises an internally hollow drum with a longitudinal slot on its outer periphery, and receiving a blade and cutting blade support articulated against a return means inside the drum, said blade projecting externally through the slot under the effect of rotation of the drum when it is rotated by traction on the material so as to penetrate the material stretched on either side of the cutting device, said blade moving along a trajectory given by a follower roller associated with the blade holder and cooperating with mechanisms including in particular a fixed profiled cam disposed on the side wall of the casing of the device arranged to receive said drive drum and one or more reserve rollers , said device being characterized in that it comprises two independent blades arranged side by side at an angle and corresponding each at half a length of the drum, said blades fixed on blade holders angularly oriented in the drum, each being associated with a follower roller cooperating respectively with a fixed cam of the same profile disposed on each lateral wing of the casing of the device , said cams being angularly offset to allow the progressive
  • the cutting device according to the invention can be used with all types of apparatus for distributing strips of wound material, with single roller, double rollers, and more generally with a service roller and several reserve rollers.
  • the cutting device according to the invention applies naturally but in a nonlimiting manner to the various devices whose characteristics have been described and defined in particular in the aforementioned patents. It goes without saying, however, that the cutting device according to the invention can in principle and its function be used with other devices.
  • the drum receives inside a blade holder articulated on a side wall of the drum having on the outside a follower roller (29) cooperating with a fixed cam (10) to authorize the periodic exit of the serrated cutting blade outside of the drum, when the strip of material overflowing under the apparatus is pulled, thereby driving in rotation the drum with rough surface on which and applied the roll (R1) of wound material.
  • a support bracket (8) articulated on the base plate.
  • a roller (11) according to an arrangement described in another application, with a belt (12) also associated with the drum to correctly guide the material towards the lower opening and to avoid the introduction of the user's fingers to near the cutting blade.
  • the casing includes, at the level of the positioning zone of the drum, clearances U-shaped interiors (6.3) formed on the side wings. It will be recalled, briefly, the main means allowing the blade to move out, the means being arranged on one of the walls (6-1) of the casing.
  • the parachute (13) is arranged to successively receive the cam support plate (14) (10), the profiled cam (10) authorizing the guiding of the follower roller (29) mounted on the blade holder, the pawl (16) with its return spring (17).
  • the cutting device integrated in the material drive drum comprises according to the invention two independent blades (22-23) arranged side by side and each corresponding to substantially a half-length of the drum.
  • the two blades are not arranged in alignment but at an angulation ⁇ of about 150 to 179 degrees and advantageously of the order of 170 °.
  • the two blades are arranged substantially in a plane symmetrical with respect to the transverse median axis of the drum, and are thus mounted opposite. Their serrated parts are however oriented on the same side.
  • Each blade (22-23) is mounted on an L-shaped blade holder (24-25) articulated by its lower end on axes (32-33) positioned on support blocks (26) formed inside said drum; the support blocks of a same blade being offset to give an angular orientation of the blades ( Figures 7 and 8).
  • Each blade holder (24-25) is biased in the rest position corresponding to the blade removal inside the drum by a return spring (27), one end (27.1) of which is fixed to the wall of the drum.
  • each blade or blade holder receives at the end in external overflow from each transverse wall of the drum, a roller (28-29) mounted free in rotation capable of acting and cooperating with fixed position cams arranged on the housing for receiving the drum and its complementary mechanisms.
  • each blade (22-23) has its own articulation movement while being similar to each other.
  • the two aforementioned rollers (28-29) each cooperate with a fixed cam disposed on the casing of the device. More precisely with reference to the figures of the drawings, a first fixed cam is that (10) fixed on the first wing (6.1) of the casing on the side of the stop and locking mechanism in position of the drum as illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • a second fixed cam (30) is attached and fixed to the second wing (6.2) of the casing opposite to the previous one.
  • the two cams (10) and (30) have exactly the same peripheral profile so that when the follower rollers (28-29) associated with the blade holders (24-25) bypass them along their outer periphery, the trajectories of the two blades are exactly the same.
  • the two cams (10) and (30) have a different angular orientation so that it occurs an offset in their output during the rotational movement of the drive drum.
  • Their arrangement defines a different angular orientation of the order of about 80 to 100 degrees so that there is continuity in the penetration of the two blades in the strip of material to be cut. More specifically, as appears schematically in FIGS. 10 to 13, the angular offset of the two cams (10-30) makes it possible first to obtain penetration into the wiping material of a blade (22) on a half-width, then of the other blade (23) on the second half-width before the withdrawal of the first blade.
  • the output of the teeth of each blade is progressive in the sense that as the rotation of the drum and the successive output of the blades, it is the teeth located towards the outside of the drum which come out first and then the others, gradually approaching the central part of the material.
  • the outlet depth of the different teeth of each blade varies significantly, the outlet being maximum for the tooth closest to the lateral end of the drum.
  • the slot (31) formed on the drum through which the blades pass is cut according to a V-profile complementary to the profile and arrangement of the blades.
  • the cut is made along a continuous horizontal line of the strip of material. Furthermore, we see according to Figures 10 to 13 schematically that the last tooth of the first blade located most in the center of the drum, initiates a V-shaped cut corresponding to the profile of the tooth and the last tooth of the second blade located most in the center of the drum initiates another V cut adjacent to the above, a tiny strip of paper ensuring the connection between them. Under the continuous pulling effect of the strip of material by the user, said connecting strip also tears definitively separating the piece of pulled paper.
  • the material is cut according to the above-mentioned device by tearing the paper strip with a progressive action.
  • the result namely the quality of the cut and its sharpness, requires particularly precise positioning of the various means constituting the cutting device.
  • the first blade (22) penetrates into the material by a hinge movement given according to the arrow F1 opposite to the direction of unwinding F2 of the drum, which accentuates the tearing effect with less effort.
  • the second blade (23) penetrates in the same direction as the direction of unwinding of the drum.
  • the cutting of a strip of paper is carried out according to an approach and an original process. Cutting takes place in two stages, in two different cutting zones in situ in the device and thanks to a particular positioning of the cutting blades, and their respective teeth, the cutting line on the paper strip is rectilinear and perpendicular to its edges.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Folding Of Thin Sheet-Like Materials, Special Discharging Devices, And Others (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Details Of Cutting Devices (AREA)
  • Shearing Machines (AREA)
  • Accessories And Tools For Shearing Machines (AREA)
  • Winding, Rewinding, Material Storage Devices (AREA)
  • Sawing (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)
  • Unwinding Webs (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
EP87420352A 1986-12-30 1987-12-22 Dispositif de coupe perfectionné pour un appareil de distribution et de coupe simultanées de bandes de matériaux enroulés Expired - Lifetime EP0275806B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87420352T ATE73632T1 (de) 1986-12-30 1987-12-22 Abschneidevorrichtung fuer einen apparat, der gleichzeitig streifen aufgerollter materialien abschneidet und abgibt.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8618497A FR2609010B1 (fr) 1986-12-30 1986-12-30 Dispositif de coupe perfectionne pour un appareil de distribution et de coupe simultanees de bandes de materiaux enroules
FR8618497 1986-12-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0275806A1 EP0275806A1 (fr) 1988-07-27
EP0275806B1 true EP0275806B1 (fr) 1992-03-18

Family

ID=9342541

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87420352A Expired - Lifetime EP0275806B1 (fr) 1986-12-30 1987-12-22 Dispositif de coupe perfectionné pour un appareil de distribution et de coupe simultanées de bandes de matériaux enroulés

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4846035A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0275806B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS63176251A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
KR (1) KR950011433B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE73632T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1282683C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3777617D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2030090T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2609010B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GR (1) GR3004875T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
OA (1) OA08795A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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FR2656601B1 (fr) * 1989-12-28 1992-04-24 Maurice Granger Appareil de distribution et de coupe simultanees de bandes de materiaux enroules.
DE4004124A1 (de) * 1990-02-10 1991-08-14 Feldmuehle Gmbh Scott Vorrichtung zum ausgeben von bahnabschnitten von einer abgaberolle
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ES2153476T3 (es) * 1994-03-04 2001-03-01 Kimberly Clark Co Aparato para el suministro y corte de un elemento laminar arrollado.
FR2723303B1 (fr) * 1994-08-03 1996-09-27 Granger Maurice Appareil distributeur de materiaux d'essuyage pouvant etre distribues sous forme pliee ou non pliee
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FR2723932B1 (fr) * 1994-08-29 1997-01-24 Granger Maurice Appareil distributeur de materiaux d'essuyage pouvant etre distribues sous forme pliee ou non pliee
IT1298135B1 (it) * 1998-01-15 1999-12-20 Steiner Co Int Sa Dispositivo erogatore di asciugamani di carta ricavati per taglio manuale da un nastro continuo
US6314850B1 (en) 1998-01-22 2001-11-13 Perrin Manufacturing Company Paper toweling dispensing system
FR2779050B1 (fr) * 1998-05-28 2000-06-30 Maurice Granger Appareil distributeur de materiaux d'essuyage et papier toilette a fonctionnement automatique ou semi automatique
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FR2791655B1 (fr) * 1999-04-02 2001-05-04 Maurice Granger Dispositif de controle et de securite permettant la sortie de bandes pour un appareil de distribution et de coupe simultanee de bandes de materiau enroulees
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US6446901B1 (en) 2000-10-10 2002-09-10 Alwin Manufacturing Co., Inc. Dispenser apparatus with positive stop mechanism
US6644155B2 (en) 2000-12-19 2003-11-11 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Roll product dispenser with improved cutting mechanism
FR2828084B1 (fr) * 2001-08-03 2003-10-17 Maurice Granger Appareil distributeur de materiau d'essuyage
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US7500420B2 (en) * 2005-04-25 2009-03-10 Perrin Manufacturing Company Paper towel dispenser apparatus
US20070010389A1 (en) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-11 Scott Paper Limited Hands-free towel dispenser
US20070079676A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-12 Global Plastics Paper dispenser
FR2910262B1 (fr) * 2006-12-22 2009-02-13 Maurice Granger Tambour pour appareil distributeur de materiaux d'essuyage
FR2911488B1 (fr) * 2007-01-24 2009-03-06 Maurice Granger Dispositif de chargement de bobines de materiaux d'essuyage pour appareils distributeurs de materiaux d'essuyage.
ES2573935T3 (es) * 2007-03-06 2016-06-13 Alwin Manufacturing Co., Inc. Dispensador de material laminado
US7987756B2 (en) * 2007-12-03 2011-08-02 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Inc. Electro-manual dispenser
AT508112B1 (de) * 2009-06-23 2010-11-15 Hagleitner Hans Georg Messerführung für eine vorrichtung zur ausgabe von papierabschnitten
WO2013044385A1 (en) * 2011-09-26 2013-04-04 Cascades Canada Ulc Rolled product dispenser with multiple cutting blades and cutter assembly for a rolled product dispenser
US9854948B1 (en) 2015-03-31 2018-01-02 Wisconsin Plastics, Inc. Paper towel dispenser
US12029355B2 (en) 2015-06-04 2024-07-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Dispenser for rolled sheet materials with motorized spindle
US11109722B2 (en) 2015-06-04 2021-09-07 Charles Agnew Osborne, Jr. Dispenser for rolled sheet materials
US12150599B2 (en) 2015-06-04 2024-11-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Dispenser for rolled sheet materials with motorized spindle
US11344165B2 (en) 2015-06-04 2022-05-31 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Dispenser for rolled sheet materials with cutting system
US12358750B2 (en) 2016-12-20 2025-07-15 Charles Agnew Osborne, Jr. Cutting system for a dispenser
CN106725044B (zh) * 2017-01-17 2022-11-04 杭州迅行物联网科技有限公司 智能毛巾纸巾机的切纸机构
US11154166B2 (en) 2018-05-24 2021-10-26 Charles Agnew Osborne, Jr. Dispenser for rolled sheet materials
US12268341B2 (en) 2018-05-24 2025-04-08 Charles Agnew Osborne, Jr. Sheet material dispensing assembly with integrated gear clutch
CA3101354C (en) 2018-05-24 2023-10-03 Charles Agnew Osborne, Jr. Dispenser for rolled sheet materials
WO2021016047A1 (en) 2019-07-19 2021-01-28 Dispensing Dynamics International, Inc. Dispensing systems with floating support rollers
FR3100121B1 (fr) * 2019-08-29 2021-08-27 Maurice Granger Distributeur de matériau d’essuyage prédécoupé, sous forme de bobine déroulable en bande, et utilisation d’un tel distributeur
GB2594074B (en) * 2020-04-15 2022-11-09 Kennedy Hygiene Products Ltd Dispensing apparatus
GB2629260B (en) * 2020-04-15 2025-05-07 Kennedy Hygiene Products Ltd Dispensing apparatus
US20210380367A1 (en) * 2020-06-03 2021-12-09 San Jamar, Inc. Roll material dispenser tear bar
EP4192316B1 (fr) 2020-08-05 2024-09-04 SCI-Services SA Dispositif de distribution de serviettes en papier

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FR2332215A1 (fr) * 1975-11-19 1977-06-17 Granger Maurice Appareil de coupe et de distribution simultanees de bandes de materiaux enroules

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FR2555975B1 (fr) * 1983-12-06 1986-11-21 Granger Maurice Appareil de distribution et de coupe simultanee de bandes de materiaux enroules, avec au moins un rouleau de materiau en service

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KR880007343A (ko) 1988-08-26
DE3777617D1 (de) 1992-04-23
US4846035A (en) 1989-07-11
GR3004875T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1993-04-28
FR2609010B1 (fr) 1990-04-27
EP0275806A1 (fr) 1988-07-27
CA1282683C (fr) 1991-04-09
ES2030090T3 (es) 1992-10-16
FR2609010A1 (fr) 1988-07-01
JPS63176251A (ja) 1988-07-20
KR950011433B1 (ko) 1995-10-04
OA08795A (fr) 1989-03-31
ATE73632T1 (de) 1992-04-15

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