EP0270792B1 - Artificial shrub - Google Patents

Artificial shrub Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0270792B1
EP0270792B1 EP87115452A EP87115452A EP0270792B1 EP 0270792 B1 EP0270792 B1 EP 0270792B1 EP 87115452 A EP87115452 A EP 87115452A EP 87115452 A EP87115452 A EP 87115452A EP 0270792 B1 EP0270792 B1 EP 0270792B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
foliage
tree
accordance
leaf
plants
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EP87115452A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0270792A2 (en
EP0270792A3 (en
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Albert Rademacher
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT87115452T priority Critical patent/ATE91852T1/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41GARTIFICIAL FLOWERS; WIGS; MASKS; FEATHERS
    • A41G1/00Artificial flowers, fruit, leaves, or trees; Garlands
    • A41G1/007Artificial trees
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41GARTIFICIAL FLOWERS; WIGS; MASKS; FEATHERS
    • A41G1/00Artificial flowers, fruit, leaves, or trees; Garlands
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63HTOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00Other toys
    • A63H33/42Toy models or toy scenery not otherwise covered

Definitions

  • the invention relates to artificial plants or plants or parts thereof according to the preamble of claim 1. Such plants are known from DE-A-2 902 185.
  • the artificial plants, trees, but also shrubs of all kinds, grasses and the like that are of interest here are e.g. used for model landscapes in sizes from just a few centimeters to a few decimeters. They serve in a wide variety of designs and with different quality requirements to beautify architectural models, landscape design of model railways and find great interest in the creation of animated film recordings. Some of them are individually designed by lovers to recreate landscapes that are as lifelike as possible, but they are also machine-made and marketed by relevant industries.
  • the industrial or at least partially industrial production of artificial plants, shrubs, green space models and trees of all kinds generally consists of a supporting framework made by an injection molding process, such as the trunk of a tree with appropriate branches.
  • the casting methods used here involve the processing of suitable plastics as well as metals or metal alloys.
  • Cast or injection-molded but also wire-shaped scaffolding structures for the foliage are usually attached to a base plate with pins, on which the corresponding landscape is to be built, mostly by simply inserting or gluing.
  • a non-ferrous material that simulates the leaves from foam particles or another granular material (e.g. sawdust) and the adhesive process made a permanent connection and guaranteed it even after transportation.
  • the arrangement of a net-like thread composite between the base for the planting and this as well as between the support in the form of a branch of trees or bushes and the foliage or needlework enables the attachment of a large number of small particles that reproduce plants or parts of plants in regular as well as in irregular density distribution without this thread compound appearing in a way that disturbs the natural appearance.
  • foliage of the manufactured artificial plants such as. B. the leaves of different tree species, but also snowflakes or the like are formed from a flat material, in particular with leaf foliage, even for a colored autumn foliage, it can be dyed extremely naturally and the respective leaf shape can be reproduced in a highly natural way by punching out a flat material, giving an almost realistic, realistic overall impression, for example for the model of a birch.
  • the leaves or similar foliage mimicked in their circumferential contour are so shaped that they repeat themselves in mirror image over at least one axis of symmetry, so that the position of the leaf is not perceived in the overall impression even when the direction between the stem approach and leaf tips are interchanged .
  • the application and connection which can practically only be done by hooking the green material consisting of a thread composite with foliage glued onto it onto an artificial plant, in particular the branches of a tree, is very simple and requires no special artistic skills, so that the Laypersons are encouraged by the plant assortment supplied, for example, in a kit, consisting of units of supporting frameworks (e.g. trunk + crown) and, on the other hand, the foliage (plastic net + adhering foliage) to carry out further individual designs and to apply their own creativity bring.
  • a kit consisting of units of supporting frameworks (e.g. trunk + crown) and, on the other hand, the foliage (plastic net + adhering foliage) to carry out further individual designs and to apply their own creativity bring.
  • the model tree produced according to the state of the art according to FIG. 1 is made from a cast metal using a special centrifugal casting method, insofar as it relates to the tree trunk and the branches, and regardless of the manufacture of the tree structure, a non-leaf is then used for the foliage of the tree.
  • ferrous translucent fibrous material cut into relatively large layers and colored on both sides by spraying in order to be able to specify a desired vegetation color.
  • adhesive is sprayed onto both sides of the colored nonwoven or the like translucent material and a sheet-simulating material in the form before drying the adhesive of foam or rubber-like material but also other particles such as wood flour so applied that the fiber layer is at least partially covered.
  • the layer product produced in this way which serves as foliage, can finally be sprayed with a lacquer which removes the adhesive properties which were previously required for the foliage.
  • the carrier material which is partially covered with leaf-simulating material, is cut to a suitable size for a tree structure or the like and then pulled over the branches of the tree.
  • tear the nonwoven material or foam material itself into finer particles in order to apply these in a more three-dimensional distribution to the branches of the tree and here to be able to attach.
  • the trunk 1 consists of a non-ferrous cast metal, which also applies to the branches 2, which accommodate the nonwoven fabric 3 or a corresponding foam rubber layer or the like as a supporting framework.
  • the nonwoven fabric 3 can also have a large number of longer individual fibers onto or between which the foam rubber particles 5 are joined.
  • the tree model constructed according to the invention 2 consists of a trunk 6, the branch tree 9 forming the crown of the tree.
  • a preferably multi-part mesh support in the form of a fiber composite 7 is hung over and into the branch tree 9 or is otherwise connected to the branch tree 9.
  • the fiber composite can have an irregular structure and is advantageously produced by unraveling a plastic rope.
  • the thread composite 7 in turn forms the supporting framework for the foliage 8, which is formed from sheet material, for example punched out.
  • FIGS. 3a-3e and 3e show, for example, sheet shapes produced in the context of the present invention and it can easily be seen that each of these sheet shapes has a plurality of axes of symmetry, that is to say, for example, FIGS. 3a-3e and 3e each have horizontal and vertical axes of symmetry lying in the center of mirror symmetry.
  • 3d and 3e have recognizably more than two axes of symmetry and further leaf shapes based on this basic principle are conceivable within the scope of the invention, care being taken that at least one of the axes of symmetry and thus one half of the leaf shapes used here have the actual shape of a special foliage, such as oak leaves or birch leaves and the like, or their overall visual impression is confusingly similar.
  • the network consists of a plastic fiber composite, roughly comparable to an actual hairnet, its coloring advantageously being chosen so that it corresponds to the color of the branches.
  • a net is glued in a suitable manner and sprinkled with the sheets punched out of a thin layered flat material or otherwise applied, so that inhomogeneous density distribution on the net a large number of sheets remain and together with the drying out of the adhesive here prescribe a permanent connection.
  • the unit-forming foliage consisting of mesh support 7 and leaf platelets 8 can, for example, for a commercial sale of such model trees or other plants, be packed separately in terms of volume in the form of a rolled-up mesh strip or in layers one above the other or already cut and packed separately and stored separately from the trees or shrubs or be inserted into a kit.
  • the assembly of the thread composite / foliage 7, 8 on the one hand and knotty branches 9 on the other hand is optionally carried out after any cutting of the rolled or layered thread composite by hanging in the knotty branches, each cut mesh automatically indicating the end of a branching of the tree crown or the like.
  • Narrow, wide or any area-cut nets with foliage attached to them can be inserted from the trunk into any depths and heights of the branch and form together a tree crown or a shrub foliage, which comes close to the foliage given by nature in its overall impression.
  • the thread composite is provided with glue evenly or unevenly and the needle or grass replicas are applied to the fiber composite in a known manner by electrostatic means.
  • Fig. 4 shows under no. 1 a net-like thread composite 7, which is composed of irregular mesh stitches, which in turn carry leaves or leaves as irregularly distributed as possible. From this thread composite, as shown, small surface units can be cut out in any surface, as described in prov . 2 and 3 of FIG. 4, onto which branch trees 9 prepared with an adhesive are loosely attached, for example by means of a brush.
  • Fig. 5 shows in the representations point. 1 to 6 a comparable procedure, whereby a branch tree is greened into a coniferous tree by again cutting out suitable surface parts from the net-like thread composite, which can then be subjected to a final processing by means of scissors after application to the branch tree, if this is the characteristic one Shaping, for example for a spruce, is useful.
  • Fig. 6 shows a similar procedure for the greening of a knotty jaw. For this purpose, it is advantageous to cut out triangular surface units from the original net-like thread composite, which in turn consists of a net with the most irregular mesh distribution possible, which is acted upon by needle-like particles, as shown, for which particularly characteristic needling effects can be achieved for the jaws.
  • Fig. 7 no. 1 to 3 then finally shows the greening of a floor area with green plants, shrubs and flowers of all kinds.
  • the net-like thread composite with foliage, needles, petals or the like is assumed, in the embodiment shown using brushes and glue in the manner shown in tufts is planted.
  • FIG 8 shows a greening of the area in which the area to be greened is first pretreated with a glue, onto which bundles of grass are then placed, which are permanently connected to the floor area after the glue has hardened.
  • Fig. 9 shows the example of greening with tufts of reeds.
  • the thread composite network is provided with a suitable surface area with a casting resin, which at the same time visually imitates the effect of a water surface, into which partial cutouts of the thread composite are then inserted in turn before curing, using brushes, as shown there.
  • the application of the net-like thread composite can, as these representations show, be practically arbitrary and is suitable to imitate any plant type, including mosses and the like. It is a very individual and varied design by cutting out certain surface shapes and surface sizes from the thread composite Landscape type possible.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
  • Supports For Plants (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Gyroscopes (AREA)
  • Protection Of Plants (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)

Abstract

A description is given of artificial vegatation or plants or parts for the same in the form of lawns or trees and branches covered with leaves or needles, or alternatively ice or snow. Such vegetation or plants are used in the design of landscape accessories for model railways, architectural models, trick and fairytale films and the like. The plants for the green areas or the leaves of the foliage are fixed by gluing with a regular or irregular density distribution to a net-like fibrous union, which is firmly or removably placed on the branches of a tree or bush, or on a large-area substrate. The leaves of a tree are advantageously formed from several fibrous union portions provided on the edges with cut open net meshes. It is important for this design that the foliage is shaped from suitable flat material in symmetrically repeating manner so as to simulate the natural shapes of foliage.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf künstliches Pflanzwerk oder Pflanze bzw. Teile hiervon gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1. Derartige Pflanzwerke sind aus der DE-A-2 902 185 bekannt.The invention relates to artificial plants or plants or parts thereof according to the preamble of claim 1. Such plants are known from DE-A-2 902 185.

Die hier interessierenden künstlichen Pflanzen, Bäume, aber auch Sträucher aller Art, Gräser und dergleichen werden z.B. für Modell-Landschaften in Größen von nur wenigen Zentimetern bis hin zu einigen Dezimetern verwendet. Sie dienen in mannigfaltigsten Ausführungsformen und mit unterschiedlichsten Qualitätsansprüchen der Verschönerung von Architektenmodellen, der Landschaftsgestaltung von Modelleisenbahnen und finden großes Interesse bei der Erstellung von Trickfilmaufnahmen. Sie werden von Liebhabern zur Nachgestaltung solcher möglichst naturgetreuer Landschaften teilweise individuell gestaltet, aber auch von einschlägigen Industriezweigen maschinell gefertigt und in den Handel gebracht.The artificial plants, trees, but also shrubs of all kinds, grasses and the like that are of interest here are e.g. used for model landscapes in sizes from just a few centimeters to a few decimeters. They serve in a wide variety of designs and with different quality requirements to beautify architectural models, landscape design of model railways and find great interest in the creation of animated film recordings. Some of them are individually designed by lovers to recreate landscapes that are as lifelike as possible, but they are also machine-made and marketed by relevant industries.

Modell-Liebhaber, die in der Vergangenheit solche künstlichen Pflanzen und dergleichen gewissermaßen handgestrickt in Heimarbeit mit großer Sorgfalt gefertigt haben, sehen sich in letzter Zeit mannigfaltigsten, auch bei industrieller Fertigung qualifizierten Angeboten gegenüber, wobei die Variationsvielfalt entsprechend den auch auf anderen Gebieten gewachsenen Freizeitangeboten bisher ständig im Steigen begriffen ist.Model lovers, who in the past have made such artificial plants and the like with a great deal of care by hand knitting at home, have recently been faced with a wide variety of offers that are also qualified for industrial production, with the diversity of variations so far corresponding to the leisure activities that have also grown in other areas is constantly increasing.

Die industrielle oder wenigstens teilindustrielle Fertigung künstlicher Pflanzen, Sträucher, Grünflächenmodelle und Bäume aller Art besteht in aller Regel aus einem über ein Spritzgußverfahren hergestelltes tragendes Gerüst wie dem Stamm eines Baumes mit enstprechendem Astwerk. Bei den hierbei angewendeten Gießverfahren bedient man sich sowohl der Verarbeitung von geeigneten Kunststoffen, als auch von Metallen oder Metalllegierungen. Gegossene oder gespritzte aber auch aus Draht geformte Gerüstaufbauten für das Laubwerk werden etwa mit Steckstiften in eine Basisplatte, auf der die entsprechende Landschaft aufzubauen ist, meist durch bloßes Einstecken oder durch Verkleben befestigt.The industrial or at least partially industrial production of artificial plants, shrubs, green space models and trees of all kinds generally consists of a supporting framework made by an injection molding process, such as the trunk of a tree with appropriate branches. The casting methods used here involve the processing of suitable plastics as well as metals or metal alloys. Cast or injection-molded but also wire-shaped scaffolding structures for the foliage are usually attached to a base plate with pins, on which the corresponding landscape is to be built, mostly by simply inserting or gluing.

Bisher besteht eine wesentliche Schwierigkeit darin, eine der Naturform möglichst getreu nachempfundene Kombination der Einheit Stamm- bzw. Astgehölz einerseits und der bisherigen Einheit der Belaubung eines solchen Baumes - also des simulierten Blattwerkes - andererseits, vorzugeben. Bei entsprechend hohen Ansprüchen war dieses in der Vergangenheit oft nur unter Mithilfe geeignet künstlerisch veranlagter Arbeitskräfte möglich.So far, there has been a major difficulty in specifying a combination of the trunk or branch wood unit, on the one hand, and the previous unit of foliage of such a tree - that is, the simulated foliage - on the other hand, based on the natural form as closely as possible. In the past, when the demands were correspondingly high, this was often only possible with the help of suitably artistically trained workers.

Aus der DE-A-29 02 185 ist es bekannt, das Blattwerk aus einem nichtmetallischen lichtdurchlässigen wirrfaserähnlichen Trägermaterial herzustellen, indem auf das Faservlies ein Klebstoff aufgebracht wurde, woraufhin das Trägermaterial mindestens teilweise mit einem nicht eisenhaltigen, die Blätter simulierenden Material aus Schaumstoffpartikeln oder einem anderen gekörnten Material (z. B. Sägemehl) bedeckt wurde und durch den Klebevorgang eine dauerhafte Verbindung hergestellt und auch über den Transport hinaus garantiert werden konnte.From DE-A-29 02 185 it is known to produce the foliage from a non-metallic, translucent, fibrous-like carrier material by applying an adhesive to the nonwoven fabric, whereupon the carrier material was at least partially covered with a non-ferrous material that simulates the leaves from foam particles or another granular material (e.g. sawdust) and the adhesive process made a permanent connection and guaranteed it even after transportation.

Das Überziehen des das Gerüst für das Blattwerk bildenden gegossenen bzw. gespritzten Baumstammes mit derart dünnschichtigen Wirrfaservliesmaterialien, aber auch das Aufbringen von mehr oder weniger in Fetzen, Abschnitte oder Partikel zerrupften Schaumstoffmaterial auf das Astwerk des Baumes führte jedoch zu Modellformen, die insbesondere bei der oft gewünschten und wünschenswerten intensiven Beleuchtung der hieraus aufgebauten Landschaften einen unnatürlichen Gesamteindruck, speziell für die Baumbelaubung vermitteln. Die diffuse Streuung des Lichtes an dem bisher zur Anwendung gebrachten Wirrfasermaterial oder den Schaumstoffpartikeln ist Hauptursache dafür, daß diese Nachteile in der Vergangenheit nicht befriedigend beseitigt werden konnten.The covering of the cast or sprayed tree trunk that forms the framework for the foliage with such thin-layered nonwoven nonwoven materials, but also the application of foam material that has been torn to a greater or lesser extent in rags, sections or particles to the branches of the tree, however, led to model forms, particularly in the case of the desired and desirable intensive lighting of the landscapes constructed from this give an unnatural overall impression, especially for tree foliage. The diffuse scattering of light on the previously used random fiber material or the foam particles is the main reason why these disadvantages could not be satisfactorily eliminated in the past.

Bei Bodenbegrünungen, wie Rasenflächen oder dergleichen ist es bekannt, die Pflanzennachbildungen auf eine Kunststofffolie aufzukleben. Soweit eine dichte Begrünung vorliegt, die die Folie vollständig bedeckt, ist die Nachbildung weitgehend naturgetreu. Sobald die Begrünung jedoch aufgelockert ist, ist es schwierig, den unnatürlichen Eindruck, den die durchscheinende Folie hervorruft, zu kaschieren.In the case of green grounds, such as lawns or the like, it is known to glue the plant replicas onto a plastic film. If there is dense greenery that completely covers the film, the replica is largely lifelike. However, once the greenery is broken up, it is difficult to conceal the unnatural impression created by the translucent film.

Hier setzt die vorliegende Erfindung ein, der die Aufgabe zugrundeliegt, künstliches Pflanzwerk oder Pflanzen bzw. Teile hiervon der gattungsgemäßen Art dahingehend zu verbessern, daß ihr optischer Gesemteindruck dem der jeweils simulierten natürlichen Pflanzen oder Bepflanzung verwechselbar nahekommt.This is where the present invention comes in, which is based on the object of improving artificial plants or plants or parts thereof of the generic type in such a way that their overall visual impression is confusably similar to that of the respectively simulated natural plants or planting.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen dieser Aufgabenlösung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous configurations of this task solution result from the subclaims.

Die Anordnung eines netzartigen Fadenverbundes zwischen der Unterlage für die Bepflanzung und dieser sowie zwischen dem Träger in Form eines Astgehölzes von Bäumen oder Sträuchern und dem Blatt- oder Nadelwerk ermöglicht die Befestigung einer Vielzahl kleiner,Pflanzen oder Pflanzenteile nachbildender Teilchen in regelmäßiger sowie auch in unregelmäßiger Dichteverteilung, ohne daß dieser Fadenverbund in einer das natürliche Aussehen störenden Weise in Erscheinung tritt.The arrangement of a net-like thread composite between the base for the planting and this as well as between the support in the form of a branch of trees or bushes and the foliage or needlework enables the attachment of a large number of small particles that reproduce plants or parts of plants in regular as well as in irregular density distribution without this thread compound appearing in a way that disturbs the natural appearance.

Auch dadurch, daß das Blattwerk der hergestellten künstlichen Pflanzen, wie z. B. das Laub unterschiedlichster Baumarten, aber auch Schneeflocken oder dergleichen aus einem flächigen Material ausgeformt werden, das insbesondere bei Blattlaub selbst für eine farbige Herbstbelaubung außerordentlich naturgetreu eingefärbt werden kann und die jeweilige Blattform durch Ausstanzen aus einem flächigen Material hochnatürlich wiedergegeben werden kann, ergibt sich ein nahezu naturgetreuer realistischer Gesamteindruck, etwa für das Modell einer Birke. In diesem Zusammenhang ist vorteilhaft, daß die in ihrer Umfangskontur nachgeahmten Blätter oder dergleichen Laub so ausgeformt sind, daß sie sich über wenigstens eine Symmetrieachse spiegelbildlich wiederholen, so daß die Lage des Blattes auch bei Vertauschung der Richtung zwischen Stielansatz und Blattspitzen im Gesamteindruck nicht wahrgenommen wird. Wesentlich ist des weiteren, daß ein solches Blattwerk nicht mit einer irgendwie ausgebildeten dünnen durchsichtigen Schicht in Verbindung gebracht und mit dieser dauerhaft verbunden wird, sondern mittels Klebstoff auf ein haarnetzförmiges Trägermaterial aufgeklebt wird, welches sich leicht über und in das Astwerk und zwar in einer optimal dreidimensionalen Verteilung einbringen und damit beispielsweise über die gesamte Tiefe einer Baumkrone verteilen läßt. Die aufgeschnittenen Maschen des Netzes, also die sich hierbei jeweils ergebenden freien Enden der Maschen oder Fäden des Netzwerkes bilden zusammen mit den an diesen festgeklebten ausgestanzten Blättern eine harmonische Fortsetzung des eigentlichen Astwerks eines Baumes bis hin zur Spitze jedes einzelnen Astfortsatzes. Die auch bei unterschiedlichsten Anforderungen, wie beispielsweise spezieller mehrfarbiger Herbstbelaubung hochnatürlich einfärbbaren aus jeweils optimal geeigneten flächigen Materialien ausgeformten Blätter reflektieren das auf sie auffallende Licht in vollkommen vergleichbarer Weise mit der bekannten Reflektion des Lichtes an natürlichen Blättern der in der Natur vorkommenden Bäume, Sträucher und dergleichen mehr. Die bisher unnatürlich wirkende diffuse Lichtverteilung an den bisher verwendeten partikelartig zerkleinerten Schaumgummibelaubungen künstlicher Pflanzen oder auch dünnschichtiger wenigstens teildurchsichtiger Faservliesbelaubungen, und die sich daraus ergebenden optischen Nachteile werden vollständig vermieden.Also in that the foliage of the manufactured artificial plants, such as. B. the leaves of different tree species, but also snowflakes or the like are formed from a flat material, in particular with leaf foliage, even for a colored autumn foliage, it can be dyed extremely naturally and the respective leaf shape can be reproduced in a highly natural way by punching out a flat material, giving an almost realistic, realistic overall impression, for example for the model of a birch. In this context, it is advantageous that the leaves or similar foliage mimicked in their circumferential contour are so shaped that they repeat themselves in mirror image over at least one axis of symmetry, so that the position of the leaf is not perceived in the overall impression even when the direction between the stem approach and leaf tips are interchanged . It is furthermore important that such foliage is not connected to a somehow formed thin transparent layer and is permanently connected to it, but rather is glued to a hair-net-shaped carrier material which glues easily over and into the branches and in an optimal manner bring three-dimensional distribution and thus can be distributed over the entire depth of a tree top The cut-open stitches of the network, that is to say the resulting free ends of the stitches or threads of the network, together with the sheets of paper stuck to them, form a harmonious continuation of the actual branching of a tree up to the tip of each individual branch extension. The highly natural even with a wide variety of requirements, such as special multi-colored autumn leaves colorable leaves formed from optimally suitable flat materials reflect the light striking them in a completely comparable manner to the known reflection of the light on natural leaves of the trees, bushes and the like occurring in nature. The hitherto unnaturally acting diffuse light distribution on the previously used particle-like shredded foam rubber coverings of artificial plants or thin-layered at least partially transparent fiber fleece coverings, and the optical disadvantages resulting therefrom are completely avoided.

Das Aufbringen und Verbinden, was praktisch nur durch ein Verhaken des aus einem Fadenverbund mit auf diesem aufgeleimten Blattwerk bestehenden Begrünungsmaterials auf eine künstliche Pflanze, insbesondere das Astwerk eines Baumes erfolgen kann, gestaltet sich sehr einfach und benötigt keinerlei besondere künstlerische Fertigkeiten, so daß auch der Laie durch das beispielsweise in einem Bausatz gelieferten Pflanzensortiment, bestehend aus Einheiten tragender Gerüste (z. B. Stamm + Krone) und getrennt hiervon andererseits das Blattwerk (Kunststoffnetz + anhaftende Belaubung) angeregt ist, weitere individuelle Gestaltungen vorzunehmen und seine jeweilige Eigenkreativität zur Anwendung zu bringen.The application and connection, which can practically only be done by hooking the green material consisting of a thread composite with foliage glued onto it onto an artificial plant, in particular the branches of a tree, is very simple and requires no special artistic skills, so that the Laypersons are encouraged by the plant assortment supplied, for example, in a kit, consisting of units of supporting frameworks (e.g. trunk + crown) and, on the other hand, the foliage (plastic net + adhering foliage) to carry out further individual designs and to apply their own creativity bring.

Da die einzelnen Äste bzw. ihre freien Enden in einer Baumkrone oder dergleichen praktisch durch die aufgeschnittenen Netzmaschen der Baumbelaubung harmonisch fortgesetzt werden, ist es vorteilhaft, den das Blattwerk tragenden Fadenverbund entsprechend den Farben der Äste einzufärben. Die Vermaschung der mit den Blättern in inhomogener Dichte verleimten Fadenverbund-Netzträger, ihre Selbstveränderung an den einzelnen Ästen der Krone eines Baumes in unterschiedlichster Entfernung zum Baumstamm, die genannte optisch lückenlose Fortsetzung der Astenden durch die aufgeschnittenen Netzmaschen ergibt sich bei der Zusammenfügung des Laub-Netzträgers einerseits und der tragenden Baumkrone andererseits praktisch von selbst, wobei jeweils Gesamteindrücke entstehen, die sich auch bei denkbarer industrieller Fertigung kaum wiederholen, also jeder belaubte Baum für sich individuell wirkt.Since the individual branches or their free ends in a tree top or the like practically through the sliced net meshes of the tree foliage are continued harmoniously, it is advantageous to color the composite thread bearing the foliage according to the colors of the branches. The meshing of the thread-bonded net carriers glued to the leaves in inhomogeneous density, their self-change on the individual branches of the crown of a tree at different distances from the tree trunk, the aforementioned optically complete continuation of the branch ends through the cut net meshes results from the joining together of the leaf net carrier on the one hand and the load-bearing tree top practically by itself, whereby overall impressions arise that are hardly repeated even with conceivable industrial production, i.e. each leafy tree has its own effect.

Gerade bei der modernen Aufnahmetechnik der Filmindustrie, also beispielsweise der Herstellung von Trickfilmen oder Videoclips, bei der mit hoher Schärfentiefe bei der Objektiveinstellung gearbeitet wird, ist es von großer Wichtigkeit, daß aus derartigen Baummodellen und Sträuchern aufgebaute Landschaftsbilder natürlichen Landschaftsgestaltungen verwechselbar ähnlich sehen, so daß es besonders vorteilhaft ist, natürliche Blattformen in ihrem Gesamteindruck beizubehalten. Überraschenderweise wird ein solcher natürlicher Gesamteindruck für das Auge dann optimal vorgegeben, wenn die Blattform in ihrer Gestaltung mindestens eine Symmetrieachse aufweist, also entweder in Längs- oder Querrichtung aber auch in mehreren Achsrichtungen in ihrer Randkonturierung symmetrisch gestaltet ist.Especially in the modern recording technology of the film industry, for example the production of animated films or video clips, in which a high depth of field is used in the lens setting, it is very important that landscape images constructed from such tree models and bushes look confusingly similar to natural landscape designs, so that it is particularly advantageous to maintain the overall impression of natural leaf shapes. Surprisingly, such a natural overall impression is optimally given to the eye if the shape of the leaf has at least one axis of symmetry in its design, that is to say either in the longitudinal or transverse direction but is also designed symmetrically in several axial directions in its edge contouring.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten sollen nachfolgend anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden, die nur beispielsweise Ausführungsformen wiedergeben. Es bedeuten:

Fig. 1
die Ausführungsform eines künstlichen Baumes gemäß dem bisher bekannten Stand der Technik;
Fig. 2
die Ausführungsform eines Modellbaumes nach der Erfindung;
Fig. 3a-3e
symmetrisch gestaltete Blattformen für die Belaubung eines Baummodelles nach Fig. 2,
Fig. 4.1-4.3
die Aufbringung von Laubwerk auf ein Astgehölz,
Fig. 5.1-5.6
die Aufbringung von Nadelwerk auf Nadelbäume,
Fig. 6.1-6.4
die Aufbringung von Nadelwerk auf eine knorrige Kiefer,
Fig. 7.1-7.3
die Grünbepflanzung einer Fläche mit Sträuchern und Blumen,
Fig. 8.1-8.3
die Grasbepflanzung des Bodens
Fig. 9.1-9.3
die Schilfbepflanzung
Further advantages and details will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which only show embodiments. It means:
Fig. 1
the embodiment of an artificial tree according to the previously known prior art;
Fig. 2
the embodiment of a model tree according to the invention;
3a-3e
symmetrically designed leaf shapes for the foliage of a tree model according to FIG. 2,
Fig. 4.1-4.3
the application of foliage to a branch,
Fig. 5.1-5.6
the application of needlework to conifers,
Fig. 6.1-6.4
the application of needlework to a knotty jaw,
Fig. 7.1-7.3
the green planting of an area with shrubs and flowers,
Fig. 8.1-8.3
the grass planting of the soil
Fig. 9.1-9.3
the reed planting

Der nach dem Stand der Technik gemäß Fig. 1 hergestellte Modellbaum wird nach einem besonderen Schleudergießverfahren in einer Gußform, soweit es den Baumstamm und die Äste betrifft aus einem Metallguß hergestellt und unabhängig von der Fertigung der Baumstruktur wird dann für die Belaubung des Baumes ein nicht-eisenhaltiges lichtdurchlässiges fasriges Material in relativ große Lagen zerschnitten und auf beiden Seiten durch Sprühen eingefärbt um eine jeweils gewünschte Vegetationsfarbe vorgeben zu können. Danach wird Klebstoff auf beide Seiten des gefärbten Faservlieses oder dergleichen lichtdurchlässigen Stoff aufgesprüht und vor dem Trocknen des Klebstoffes ein blattsimulierendes Material in Form von Schaumstoff oder gummiähnlichem Material aber auch anderer Partikel wie etwa Holzmehl so aufgetragen, daß die Faserschicht wenigstens teilweise bedeckt ist. Das derart als Blattwerk dienende hergestellte Schichprodukt kann abschliessend noch mit einem Lack besprüht werden, der die Klebeeigenschaften, die zuvor für das Blattwerk erforderlich waren, wieder beseitigt. Schließlich wird das teilweise mit blattsimulierendem Stoff bedeckte Trägermaterial zu einer entsprechenden Größe für eine Baumstruktur oder dergleichen zugeschnitten und dann über die Äste des Baumes gezogen. Um den in Fig. 1 dargestellten relativ unechten Gesamteindruck der Belaubung wenigstens etwas aufzubrechen ist es in diesem Zusammenhang auch bekannt, das Vliesmaterial oder auch Schaumstoffmaterial selbst in feinere Partikel zu zerreißen, um diese in einer eher dreidimensionalen Verteilung auf das Astwerk des Baumes aufbringen und hier befestigen zu können.The model tree produced according to the state of the art according to FIG. 1 is made from a cast metal using a special centrifugal casting method, insofar as it relates to the tree trunk and the branches, and regardless of the manufacture of the tree structure, a non-leaf is then used for the foliage of the tree. ferrous translucent fibrous material cut into relatively large layers and colored on both sides by spraying in order to be able to specify a desired vegetation color. Thereafter, adhesive is sprayed onto both sides of the colored nonwoven or the like translucent material and a sheet-simulating material in the form before drying the adhesive of foam or rubber-like material but also other particles such as wood flour so applied that the fiber layer is at least partially covered. The layer product produced in this way, which serves as foliage, can finally be sprayed with a lacquer which removes the adhesive properties which were previously required for the foliage. Finally, the carrier material, which is partially covered with leaf-simulating material, is cut to a suitable size for a tree structure or the like and then pulled over the branches of the tree. In order to at least slightly break up the relatively spurious overall impression of the foliage shown in FIG. 1, it is also known in this connection to tear the nonwoven material or foam material itself into finer particles in order to apply these in a more three-dimensional distribution to the branches of the tree and here to be able to attach.

In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 besteht der Stamm 1 aus einem nicht-eisenhaltigen Metallguß, was gleichermaßen auch für die Äste 2, die das Faservlies 3 bzw. eine entsprechende Schaumgummischicht oder dergleichen als tragendes Gerüst aufnehmen, gilt. Das Faservlies 3 kann neben seinem Aufbau aus Stapelfasern auch eine Vielzahl von längeren Einzelfasern aufweisen, auf die oder zwischen die Schaumgummipartikel 5 gefügt sind.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the trunk 1 consists of a non-ferrous cast metal, which also applies to the branches 2, which accommodate the nonwoven fabric 3 or a corresponding foam rubber layer or the like as a supporting framework. In addition to its construction from staple fibers, the nonwoven fabric 3 can also have a large number of longer individual fibers onto or between which the foam rubber particles 5 are joined.

Auch das erfindungsgemäß aufgebaute Baummodell nach Fig. 2 besteht aus einem Stamm 6, dem die Krone des Baumes bildenden Astgehölz 9. Über und in das Astgehölz 9 ist ein vorzugsweise mehrteiliger Netzträger in Form eines Faserverbundes 7 gehängt oder anderweitig mit dem Astgehölz 9 verbunden. Der Faserverbund kann eine unregelmäßige Struktur besitzen und wird vorteilhaft durch Auffasern eines Kunststoffseiles hergestellt. Der Fadenverbund 7 bildet seinerseits das tragende Gerüst für das Blattwerk 8, welches aus flächigem Material ausgeformt, beispielsweise ausgestanzt ist.Also the tree model constructed according to the invention 2 consists of a trunk 6, the branch tree 9 forming the crown of the tree. A preferably multi-part mesh support in the form of a fiber composite 7 is hung over and into the branch tree 9 or is otherwise connected to the branch tree 9. The fiber composite can have an irregular structure and is advantageously produced by unraveling a plastic rope. The thread composite 7 in turn forms the supporting framework for the foliage 8, which is formed from sheet material, for example punched out.

Die Fig. 3a-3e zeigen beispielsweise im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung hergestellte Blattformen und es ist leicht erkennbar, daß jede dieser Blattformen mehrere Symmetrieachsen aufweist, also beispielsweise die Fig. 3a-3e und Fig. 3e jeweils mittig spiegelsymmetrisch liegende waagerechte und senkrechte Symmetrieachsen. Die Fig. 3d und 3e besitzen erkennbar mehr als zwei Symmetrieachsen und es sind im Rahmen der Erfindung liegend weitere auf diesem Grundprinzip beruhende Blattformen denkbar, wobei darauf geachtet ist, daß wenigstens eine der Symmetrieachsen und damit eine Hälfte einer der hier verwendeten Blattformen der tatsächlichen Form eines speziellen Laubes, wie beispielsweise Eichenlaub oder Birkenlaub und dergleichen mehr entspricht oder in ihrem optischen Gesamteindruck verwechselbar nahekommt.3a-3e show, for example, sheet shapes produced in the context of the present invention and it can easily be seen that each of these sheet shapes has a plurality of axes of symmetry, that is to say, for example, FIGS. 3a-3e and 3e each have horizontal and vertical axes of symmetry lying in the center of mirror symmetry. 3d and 3e have recognizably more than two axes of symmetry and further leaf shapes based on this basic principle are conceivable within the scope of the invention, care being taken that at least one of the axes of symmetry and thus one half of the leaf shapes used here have the actual shape of a special foliage, such as oak leaves or birch leaves and the like, or their overall visual impression is confusingly similar.

Aufbau und Fertigung des die Belaubung tragenden Baumstammes sowie der Baumkrone oder auch eines Strauches und dergleichen interessieren hier nicht. Wesentlich ist nur die Art und Weise der Ausbildung der Belaubung selbst. Hierfür wird, wie vorstehend dargelegt,von einem haarnetzförmigem Netrzträger ausgegangen, dessen Maschengröße vorteilhauft auf das jeweilige Modell optimal abgestimmt wird. Das Netz besteht aus einem Kunststofffaserverbund, etwa vergleichbar mit einem tatsächlichen Haarnetz, wobei seine Einfärbung vorteilhaft so gewählt wird, daß sie der Farbgebung der Äste entspricht. Ein solches Netz wird in geeigneter Weise beleimt und mit den aus einem dünnschichtigen ebenen Material ausgestanzten Blättern berieselt oder anderweitig beaufschlagt, so daß in inhomogener Dichteverteilung an dem Netz eine Vielzahl von Blättern hängenbleibt und zusammen mit dem Ausltrocknen des Klebstoffs hier eine dauerhafte Verbindung vorgeben. Anstelle der Blattstanzungen nach Fig. 3a-3e ist es selbstverständlich auch möglich, für die Darstellung von Winterlandschaften Formen von Schneeflocken zu verwenden oder von Eiskristallen für bereifte Landschaftsvegetationen. Die eine Einheit bildende Belaubung aus Netzträger 7 und Blattplättchen 8 kann beispielsweise für einen kommerziellen Vertrieb solcher Modellbäume oder anderer Pflanzen getrennt volumengünstig in Form eines aufgerollten Netzstreifens oder in Lagen übereinandergeordneten Netzflächen oder auch bereits fertig zerschnitten verpackt werden und getrennt von den Bäumen oder Strauchwerk gelagert oder in einen Baukasten eingefügt werden.Construction and manufacture of the tree trunk carrying the foliage as well as the tree crown or one Shrubs and the like are of no interest here. Only the manner in which the foliage is formed is essential. For this, as explained above, it is assumed that there is a hairnet-shaped mesh carrier, the mesh size of which is advantageously matched optimally to the particular model. The network consists of a plastic fiber composite, roughly comparable to an actual hairnet, its coloring advantageously being chosen so that it corresponds to the color of the branches. Such a net is glued in a suitable manner and sprinkled with the sheets punched out of a thin layered flat material or otherwise applied, so that inhomogeneous density distribution on the net a large number of sheets remain and together with the drying out of the adhesive here prescribe a permanent connection. Instead of the sheet punchings according to FIGS. 3a-3e, it is of course also possible to use forms of snowflakes for the representation of winter landscapes or of ice crystals for frosted landscape vegetation. The unit-forming foliage consisting of mesh support 7 and leaf platelets 8 can, for example, for a commercial sale of such model trees or other plants, be packed separately in terms of volume in the form of a rolled-up mesh strip or in layers one above the other or already cut and packed separately and stored separately from the trees or shrubs or be inserted into a kit.

Das Zusammenfügen der Einheit Fadenverbund/Blattwerk 7, 8 einerseits und Astgehölz 9 andererseits erfolgt gegebenenfalls nach beliebigem Zerschneiden des gerollten oder lagenweise vorliegenden Fadenverbundes durch Einhängen in das Astgehölz, wobei jede aufgeschnittene Netzmasche automatisch das Ende einer Verästelung der Baumkrone oder dergleichen vorgibt. Schmal, breit oder beliebig flächig zerschnittene Netze mit daran haftenden Laubwerk können, ausgehend vom Stamm in beliebige Tiefen und Höhen des Astwerks eingefügt werden und bilden so zusammen eine Baumkrone oder eine Strauchbelaubung, wie sie der von der Natur gegebenen Belaubung in ihrem Gesamteindruck verblüffend nahekommt.The assembly of the thread composite / foliage 7, 8 on the one hand and knotty branches 9 on the other hand is optionally carried out after any cutting of the rolled or layered thread composite by hanging in the knotty branches, each cut mesh automatically indicating the end of a branching of the tree crown or the like. Narrow, wide or any area-cut nets with foliage attached to them can be inserted from the trunk into any depths and heights of the branch and form together a tree crown or a shrub foliage, which comes close to the foliage given by nature in its overall impression.

Zur Herstellung des Nadelwerks für einen Nadelbaum oder einer Rasenfläche wird der Fadenverbund gleichmäßig oder ungleichmäßig mit einer Beleimung versehen und die Nadel- oder Grasnachbildungen werden in bekannter Weise auf elektrostatischem Wege auf den Faserverbund aufgebracht.To produce the needlework for a conifer or a lawn, the thread composite is provided with glue evenly or unevenly and the needle or grass replicas are applied to the fiber composite in a known manner by electrostatic means.

Die vorstehenden Ausführungen werden im einzelnen verdeutlicht in den Fig. 4 bis 9 dargestellt.The above statements are illustrated in detail in FIGS. 4 to 9.

So zeigt Fig. 4 beispielsweise unter Ziff. 1 einen netzartigen Fadenverbund 7, der aus unregelmäßigen Netzmaschen zusammengesetzt ist, die in der dargestellten Weise wiederum möglichst unregelmäßig verteilt Blattwerk bzw. Laub tragen.Aus diesem Fadenverbund können dann, wie dargestellt, kleine Flächeneinheiten in beliebiger Fläche herausgeschnitten werden, die wie in den Ziff. 2 und 3 von Fig. 4 gezeigt, auf das mit einem Klebstoff vorbereitete Astgehölz 9 etwa mittels einer Pinsette lose aufgefügt werden.For example, Fig. 4 shows under no. 1 a net-like thread composite 7, which is composed of irregular mesh stitches, which in turn carry leaves or leaves as irregularly distributed as possible. From this thread composite, as shown, small surface units can be cut out in any surface, as described in prov . 2 and 3 of FIG. 4, onto which branch trees 9 prepared with an adhesive are loosely attached, for example by means of a brush.

Fig. 5 zeigt in den Darstellungen Ziff. 1 bis 6 eine vergleichbare Verfahrensweise, wobei hier ein Astgehölz zu einem Nadelbaum begrünt wird indem wiederum geeignete Flächenteile aus dem netzartigen Fadenverbund herausgeschnitten werden, die dann wie dargestellt nach Aufbringung auf das Astgehölz mittels einer Schere nochmals einer Endbearbeitung unterworfen werden können, falls dieses der charakteristischen Formgebung , beispielsweise für eine Fichte, dienlich ist. Fig. 6 zeigt eine ähnliche Vorgehensweise für die Begrünung einer knorrigen Kiefer. Hierfür ist es vorteilhaft aus dem ursprünglichen netzartigen Fadenverbund, der wiederum aus einem Netz mit möglichst unregelmäßiger Maschenverteilung besteht, das mit nadelartigen Teilchen beaufschlagt ist, dreieckige Flächeneinheiten herauszuschneiden, wie das dargestellt ist, wofür sich für die Kiefer besonders charakteristiche Benadelungseffekte erzielen lassen.Fig. 5 shows in the representations point. 1 to 6 a comparable procedure, whereby a branch tree is greened into a coniferous tree by again cutting out suitable surface parts from the net-like thread composite, which can then be subjected to a final processing by means of scissors after application to the branch tree, if this is the characteristic one Shaping, for example for a spruce, is useful. Fig. 6 shows a similar procedure for the greening of a knotty jaw. For this purpose, it is advantageous to cut out triangular surface units from the original net-like thread composite, which in turn consists of a net with the most irregular mesh distribution possible, which is acted upon by needle-like particles, as shown, for which particularly characteristic needling effects can be achieved for the jaws.

Fig. 7 Ziff. 1 bis 3 zeigt dann schließlich die Begrünung einer Bodenfläche mit Grünpflanzen, Sträuchern und Blumen aller Art. Auch hierbei wird wieder von dem netzartigen Fadenverbund mit Blattwerk, Nadelwerk, Blumenblättern oder dgl. ausgegangen, wobei im Ausführungsbeispiel mittels Pinsette und Klebstoff in der dargestellten Weise büschelartig begrünt wird.Fig. 7 no. 1 to 3 then finally shows the greening of a floor area with green plants, shrubs and flowers of all kinds. Here too, the net-like thread composite with foliage, needles, petals or the like is assumed, in the embodiment shown using brushes and glue in the manner shown in tufts is planted.

Fig. 8 zeigt eine Flächenbegrünung bei der die zu begrünende Fläche zunächst mit einem Leim vorbehandelt wird, auf die dann Grasbündel aufgesetzt werden die nach dem Aushärten des Leimes dauerhaft mit der Bodenfläche verbunden sind.8 shows a greening of the area in which the area to be greened is first pretreated with a glue, onto which bundles of grass are then placed, which are permanently connected to the floor area after the glue has hardened.

Schließlich zeigt Fig. 9 noch das Beispiel der Begrünung mit Schilfbüscheln. Wiederum ausgehend von dem Fadenverbund-Netzwerk wird hier ein geeigneter Flächenbereich mit einem Gießharz versehen, der gleichzeitig den Effekt einer Wasseroberfläche optisch nachahmt, in den dann vor der Aushärtung wiederum büschelweise mittels Pinsette, wie dort dargestellt, Teilausschnitte des Fadenverbundes eingefügt werden.Finally, Fig. 9 shows the example of greening with tufts of reeds. Again starting from The thread composite network is provided with a suitable surface area with a casting resin, which at the same time visually imitates the effect of a water surface, into which partial cutouts of the thread composite are then inserted in turn before curing, using brushes, as shown there.

Die Beaufschlagung des netzartigen Fadenverbundes kann, wie diese Darstellungen zeigen, praktisch beliebig sein und ist geeignet jede Pflanzenart, so auch Moose und dgl. naturgetreu nachzuahmen und es ist bereits mit dem Ausschneiden bestimmter Flächenformen und Flächengrößen aus dem Fadenverbund eine sehr individuelle und abwechslungsreiche Gestaltung jeder Landschaftsart möglich.The application of the net-like thread composite can, as these representations show, be practically arbitrary and is suitable to imitate any plant type, including mosses and the like. It is a very individual and varied design by cutting out certain surface shapes and surface sizes from the thread composite Landscape type possible.

Claims (9)

  1. Artificial plant system or plants or parts thereof, such as system of branches (9), many identical particles being arranged in leaf or needle form on a base or a carrier, like a trunk (5), the leaf system (8) being fixed on a network-like filament compound (7) and the filament compound arranged permanently or detachably on the trunk (6) or the branch system (9),
    characterised in that the filament compound (7) is connected in an at least partially cut-open open net-type mesh form with the branch system (9).
  2. Plant system in accordance with Claim 1,
    characterised in that cut-open net-type meshes of the filament compound (7) form the natural continuation of the foliated branch system (9) of a tree (6) or similar.
  3. Plant system in accordance with Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the form of the leaf shapes of the leaf system (8) is such that they form at least one symmetrical axis.
  4. Plant system in accordance with at least one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the leaf system (8) is punched out of suitably coloured two-dimensional material.
  5. Plant system in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the particles forming the leaf system or network (8) are glued to the filament compound (7).
  6. Plant system in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the filament compound (7) is glued to the branch system (9).
  7. Plant system in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the filament compound (7) is suspended loosely in the branch system (9).
  8. Plant system in accordance with Claim 1, characterised in that this takes the form of a ground planting (10) with uniform or non-uniform distribution of density.
  9. Plant system in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the filament compound (7) is a synthetic network.
EP87115452A 1986-11-28 1987-10-21 Artificial shrub Expired - Lifetime EP0270792B1 (en)

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AT87115452T ATE91852T1 (en) 1986-11-28 1987-10-21 ARTIFICIAL PLANT OR PLANT OR SHARE HERE.

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DE3640654 1986-11-28
DE19863640654 DE3640654A1 (en) 1986-11-28 1986-11-28 ARTIFICIAL PLANT OR PLANT OR SHARE HERE

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EP0270792A2 EP0270792A2 (en) 1988-06-15
EP0270792A3 EP0270792A3 (en) 1989-11-08
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US4202922A (en) * 1975-09-10 1980-05-13 Osment David L Simulated vegetation product
GB2012639B (en) * 1978-01-23 1982-08-04 Osment D L Method of making model trees and article
US4612219A (en) * 1985-09-26 1986-09-16 Tengs Anthony M Invisible Christmas tree

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0270792A2 (en) 1988-06-15
DE3640654A1 (en) 1988-06-09
ATE91852T1 (en) 1993-08-15
DE3640654C2 (en) 1992-09-24
DE3786755D1 (en) 1993-09-02
EP0270792A3 (en) 1989-11-08
US4859510A (en) 1989-08-22

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