EP0268126B2 - Method for increasing the amount of powder delivered to a powder-coating apparatus, and powder-coating apparatus - Google Patents

Method for increasing the amount of powder delivered to a powder-coating apparatus, and powder-coating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0268126B2
EP0268126B2 EP87116035A EP87116035A EP0268126B2 EP 0268126 B2 EP0268126 B2 EP 0268126B2 EP 87116035 A EP87116035 A EP 87116035A EP 87116035 A EP87116035 A EP 87116035A EP 0268126 B2 EP0268126 B2 EP 0268126B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
pressure
nozzle
gas
mixing chamber
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EP87116035A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0268126B1 (en
EP0268126A1 (en
Inventor
Hardy P. Dr. Weiss
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Prazisions-Werkzeuge AG
Praezisions Werkzeuge AG
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Prazisions-Werkzeuge AG
Praezisions Werkzeuge AG
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Priority to AT87116035T priority Critical patent/ATE71859T1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/16Arrangements for supplying liquids or other fluent material
    • B05B5/1683Arrangements for supplying liquids or other fluent material specially adapted for particulate materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/08Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
    • B05B5/12Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects specially adapted for coating the interior of hollow bodies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling the amount of powder delivered per unit of time to a powder coating system, and to a powder coating system.
  • a plastic is in a dissolved form.
  • the solution is applied to the surface to be coated and the solvent is then evaporated.
  • the finest plastic powder usually electrostatically supported, is applied to a surface and then melted by the action of heat. This creates a plastic layer that adheres to the surface.
  • the present invention is basically concerned with the second mentioned technique, e.g. as is known from US-A-4 205 621 or EP-A-0 093 083.
  • the Puiver driven by gravity, cannot be pumped over long distances.
  • a conveying medium usually a conveying gas, is necessary in particular in order to be able to convey it on horizontal or at least not only vertical routes.
  • the present invention now relates to the coating technology mentioned, in which relatively long conveying paths between a powder container and a coating arrangement have to be overcome.
  • FIG. 1 Such a known coating system is shown schematically in FIG. 1.
  • coating powder is filled into a storage container 1.
  • a feed line 3 connects the container 1 to a mixing chamber 5.
  • a gas jet G generated by a pressure source 9, such as a compressor, is accelerated and blown into the mixing chamber 5.
  • P 1 denotes the pressure in the container 1, p 7 the pressure in the feed line for the conveying gas G and p 5 the pressure in the mixing chamber 5. Due to the jet acceleration at the nozzle 7, a pressure drop ⁇ p 75 is generated in the mixing chamber 5 for the time being a negative pressure with regard to the static pressure in the gas supply line 7. The accelerated gas in chamber 5 creates a static pressure drop .DELTA.p 15 from container 1 to chamber 5. This produces powder the container 1 is conveyed into the mixing chamber 5 and mixed with the gas jet G in the mixing chamber 5.
  • the powder-gas mixture is now conveyed out of the mixing chamber 5 through a delivery line 11, the powder-gas flow being delayed in a section 13 between the mixing chamber 5 and delivery line 11, as a result of which the kinetic energy in the mixing chamber 5 is converted into pressure energy and static pressure recovery takes place.
  • the powder-gas flow is now fed to a coating arrangement which is often relatively far away from the container 1, as in the case of the coating arrangement shown schematically in the lower part of FIG. 1.
  • This is a coating arrangement for the internal coating of pipes or pipe-section-like structures, as is used for the internal coating, for example of can bodies.
  • can bodies 15 are first fed via a cantilever arm to a connecting station 19, such as a welding station, then continue via the arm 17 to a coating arrangement 21.
  • a connecting station 19 such as a welding station
  • the delivery line 11 for the coating powder, the arm 17 is axially passed through the entire length of the arm and only opens out of the arm 17 in the coating area.
  • electrostatically assisted (not shown), the powder is applied to the inner surface of the can body 15 and usually excess powder is sucked back again.
  • the static pressure in the input container builds up as a function of the outlet pressure for supplying the injector nozzle with conveying gas provided pressure source.
  • the powder is transported along the line leading downstream of the injector nozzle essentially due to the impulse transmission of the conveying gas to the powder supplied from the input container.
  • a conveyor system for particulate material such as dust is known.
  • the material addition to a container is periodically closed, the container being pressurized so that the material remaining in the container is simultaneously fluidized and driven against the container outlet.
  • the material is conveyed further by means of a gas jet by using a switchable double nozzle for the gas jet and by utilizing pressure recovery.
  • only one nozzle is operated.
  • the higher delivery pressure p 7 has only a minor effect on the delivery rate as soon as the pressure ratio at the nozzle p 7 , p 5 is greater than the critical pressure ratio, for air about 1.7.
  • the increase in the delivery pressure p 7 is extremely expensive, since this pressure must be considerably higher than the pressure in the mixing chamber p 5 and the pressure P 1 in the container 1, the latter usually atmospheric pressure.
  • Another possibility for controlling the amount of powder dispensed would be to control the amount of gas injected into the mixing chamber 5 per unit of time. Given a delivery line configuration, this can lead to a build-up or pressure build-up in the mixing chamber 5 and a pressure drop ⁇ p 11 which is disproportionate to the amount of powder conveyed through line 11.
  • the injected gas jet G is now primarily used to accelerate and redirect the powder in the mixing chamber 5.
  • the delivery rate can now be set.
  • the amount of powder dispensed can be optimized by optimizing the jet expansion efficiency or delay efficiency. i.e. improve the recovery of the static pressure on the gas jet mentioned.
  • the delay section is thus, according to the invention, immediately after the nozzle mouth, which enables the desired improvement in pressure recovery.
  • an axially parallel outflow is achieved at an outlet cross section of the nozzle, such as nozzle 7 of FIG. 1.
  • the container according to claim 4 or claim 10 is preferably supplied with fluid air for fluidizing the powder in the area of the feed line, precautions must be taken which enable a filtered removal of the supplied air after the desired excess pressure has been reached.
  • FIG. 2a shows a powder container 30 on a system according to the invention, used instead of the container 1 from FIG. 1.
  • the container 30 is connected via a feed line 32 to an injector 8 according to FIG. 1, preferably an injector described below.
  • a porous fluid base 34 is arranged in the container 30, and a fluid-gas line 36 opens into the container 30 below the fluid base 34.
  • a fluid gas FL preferably air, is gently blown through the fluid base 34 into the overlying coating powder 40 through the line 36, as with the aid of a conventional type of blower, as shown schematically at 38.
  • a pressure generating element is generally provided on the container 30 in order to apply an overpressure p 30 to the powder 40 in relation to ambient pressure.
  • a pressure regulating device 42 such as a pressure regulating valve or a slide, is also provided on the container 30. Once the desired overpressure p 30 has been set in the container 30 and can be set on the pressure regulating device 42, the further fluid air FL escapes through the pressure regulating device 42, like the pressure regulating valve, via a filter 44.
  • the filter 44 is provided in order to filter out powder particles suspended in the escaping fluid air.
  • the container 30 is loaded with fresh powder via a line 46 and a schematically illustrated rotary valve 48, which ensures that when the container 30 is loaded with powder, there is no pressure equalization between the interior of the container and the surroundings.
  • a level control 50 with electrical output lines 52 monitors the powder level in the container 30 and controls or regulates, not shown, at most the amount of powder supplied via line 46 and rotary valve 48.
  • Fig. 2a the injector 8 is shown again according to Fig. 1, dashed a path coordinate x of the powder from the container via the feed line 32, through the injector 8, into the delivery line 11.
  • Fig. 2b the pressure curve along the path coordinate x is shown purely qualitatively, in an extended characteristic for an arrangement according to Fig. 1, in which there is atmospheric pressure in the container 1, dash-dotted lines according to the inventive embodiment of Fig. 2a, with overpressure p 30 in the container 30th
  • the internal pressure in the container 30 is now increased, which leads to the qualitative progression, as shown in broken lines.
  • the entire characteristic is increased by the excess pressure corresponding to the pressure p 30 , which has a strong effect on the amount of powder conveyed through line 11.
  • Raising the pressure in the mixing chamber 5, p 5 and the associated reduction in the pressure difference p 7 to p 5 according to FIG. 1 does not lead to a significant reduction in the delivery rate.
  • the delivery pressure p 7 and the amount of gas injected through the nozzle 7 can even be reduced, with the same or increased output quantity.
  • the overpressure p 30 ensures that the pressure losses along the delivery line 11 are overcome, while the kinetic energy of the injected gas stream, preferably an air jet, increases only the powder acceleration and its deflection. With the aid of the setting of the excess pressure p 30 with the pressure regulating device 42, the amount of powder conveyed is set through line 11.
  • FIG. 2b the position numbers of the parts according to FIG. 2a, which are run through as x progresses, are also entered.
  • the injector 54 comprises a mixing chamber 55 into which a nozzle 57 with an orifice 59 opens. Coaxial to the axis A 57 and the nozzle 57, the mixing chamber 55 has a section 61 which widens immediately after the mouth. The section 61 opens continuously into the delivery line 11, arranged coaxially to the axis A 57 of the nozzle 57.
  • the feed line 3 according to FIG. 1 or 32 according to FIG. 2a opens into the mixing chamber 55 transversely to the axis A 57 of the nozzle 57.
  • a gas jet G is injected through the nozzle 57 into the mixing chamber 55 and is delayed immediately after the nozzle orifice 59, in that the diverging mixing chamber section 61 starts immediately after the nozzle orifice 59.
  • the jet G is emitted as a free jet from the nozzle 57 and the boundary of the section 61 is designed to be 15 ° or less in accordance with the jet edge angle ⁇ of the free jet with respect to the axis A 57 .
  • the deflection and acceleration of the inflowing powder takes place between the nozzle mouth 59 and the approach of section 61, with the result that the gas jet is additionally decelerated and thus spreads out with a jet edge angle that is greater than approximately 8 °, the jet edge angle of the free jet which propagates undisturbed.
  • the nozzle 57 becomes operated with a subcritical pressure ratio p 57 to p 55 , whereby shock waves are avoided and free jet expansion is possible.
  • the inner bore of the nozzle 57 is continuously converging, as shown, the diameter ratio d 57 in the non-converging nozzle part to the mouth diameter d 59 preferably being greater than 5.
  • a flow channel 63 is provided between the connection of the feed line 3 or 32 and the section 61, which continuously leads into the area 61.
  • the continuously curved transition from line connection on line 3 or 32 to divergent section 61 prevents further erosion by accelerated powder particles, in particular at the mixing chamber locations designated E x in FIG. 3.
  • To generate the free jet opens out further the nozzle 57 with a sharp edge into the mixing chamber 55.
  • the nozzle 57 is as shown by the double arrow S. for example, via a fine thread 64 between nozzle 57 and mixing chamber block 65, axially adjustable.
  • the flow channel 63 between the mouth of the feed line 3 or 32 and the mouth into the delivery line 11 is designed in the form of a continuously bent Laval nozzle.
  • the nozzle 57 protrudes with its mouth 59 into the area of the nozzle constriction 67 coaxially to the constriction cross section, as a result of which between the body 56 of the nozzle 57 and the wall of the flow channel 63 in the area 67 an annular nozzle 69 for the supply via line 3 or 32 Powder is created.
  • the axis A 32 of the feed line 3 or 32, the axis of the adjoining flow channel 63 and the axis of the nozzle 57 or of the section 61, A 57 lie in one plane.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration in the view according to line V-V of FIGS. 3 and 4 .
  • the axis A 32 is arranged eccentrically with respect to the axis A 57 of the nozzle or the section 61.
  • the powder fed through line 3 or 32 is mixed in the mixing chamber 55 with a self-cleaning swirl, which leads to a vortex D, as shown schematically.

Abstract

In a powder coating system wherein the powder is introduced via a feed conduit from the feed point to a mixing chamber, a pressure gradient oriented against the chamber is produced along the feed conduit by acceleration of a gas jet in the mixing chamber, and pressure recovery is obtained by retarding the powder-gas stream, in order to feed the powder-gas stream through a conveying line to a coating unit. For increasing the quantity of powder dispensed per unit time to the powder coating system, the pressure drop in the powder-gas stream along the conveying line is at least in part compensated for by raising the pressure at the feed point.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Steuerung der pro Zeiteinheit an einer Puiverbeschichtungsanlage ausgegebenen Pulvermenge, sowie eine Pulverbeschichtungsanlage.The present invention relates to a method for controlling the amount of powder delivered per unit of time to a powder coating system, and to a powder coating system.

Zur Beschichtung von Oberflächen mit Kunststoff können prinzipiell zwei Verfahren eingesetzt werden. Beim ersten Verfahren liegt ein Kunststoff in gelöster Form vor. Dabei wird die Lösung auf die zu beschichtende Oberflache aufgetragen und das Lösungsmittel anschliessend verdampft. In einem zweiten Verfahren wird feinstes Kunststoffpulver, meistens elektrostatisch unterstützt, auf eine Oberfläche aufgebracht und anschliessend durch Warmeeinwirkung zum Schmelzen gebracht. Dadurch entsteht eine auf der Oberfläche haftende Kunststoffschicht.In principle, two methods can be used to coat surfaces with plastic. In the first method, a plastic is in a dissolved form. The solution is applied to the surface to be coated and the solvent is then evaporated. In a second process, the finest plastic powder, usually electrostatically supported, is applied to a surface and then melted by the action of heat. This creates a plastic layer that adheres to the surface.

Die vorliegende Erfindung befasst sich grundsätzlich mit der zweiterwähnten Technik, z.B. wie sie aus der US-A-4 205 621 oder der EP-A-0 093 083 bekannt ist. Bei ihr besteht immer wieder die Schwierigkeit dann, das Kunststoffpulver gleichmässig auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche aufzubringen, wozu primär eine gleichmässige Förderung des Pulvers erforderlich ist. Das Puiver kann, schwerkraftgetrieben, nicht über längere Strecken gefördert, werden. Insbesondere um es auf horizontalen oder mindestens nicht nur vertikalen Strecken fördern zu können, ist ein Fördermedium, üblicherweise ein Fördergas, notwendig. Im speziellen bezieht sich nun die vorliegende Erfindung auf die genannte Beschichtungstechnik, bei der relativ lange Förderwege zwischen einem Pulverbehälter und einer Beschichtungsanordnung überwunden werden müssen.The present invention is basically concerned with the second mentioned technique, e.g. as is known from US-A-4 205 621 or EP-A-0 093 083. With her, there is always the difficulty of applying the plastic powder evenly to the surface to be coated, which primarily requires uniform conveyance of the powder. The Puiver, driven by gravity, cannot be pumped over long distances. A conveying medium, usually a conveying gas, is necessary in particular in order to be able to convey it on horizontal or at least not only vertical routes. In particular, the present invention now relates to the coating technology mentioned, in which relatively long conveying paths between a powder container and a coating arrangement have to be overcome.

Eine derartige bekannte Beschichtungsanlage ist schematisch in Fig. 1 dargestellt. Beschichtungspulver wird, wie mit dem Pfeil F angedeutet, in einen Vorratsbehälter 1 engefüllt. Eine Speiseleitung 3 verbindet den Behälter 1 mit einer Mischkammer 5. Mittels einer Düse 7, die in die Mischkammer 5 einmündet. wird ein durch eine Druckquelle 9, wie einen Kompressor, erzeugter Gasstrahl G beschleunigt und in die Mischkammer 5 eingeblasen.Such a known coating system is shown schematically in FIG. 1. As indicated by arrow F, coating powder is filled into a storage container 1. A feed line 3 connects the container 1 to a mixing chamber 5. By means of a nozzle 7 which opens into the mixing chamber 5. a gas jet G generated by a pressure source 9, such as a compressor, is accelerated and blown into the mixing chamber 5.

Es bezeichnen p1 den Druck im Behälter 1, p7 den Druck in der Zuführleitung für das Fördergas G und p5 den Druck in der Mischkammer 5. Aufgrund der Strahlbeschleunigung an der Düse 7 wird ein Druckgefälle Δp75 erzeugt, in der Mischkammer 5 vorerst bezüglich des statischen Druckes in der Gaszuführleitung 7 ein Unterdruck. Durch das beschleunigte Gas in der Kammer 5 entsteht ein statisches Druckgefälle Δp15 vom Behälter 1 zur Kammer 5. Dadurch wird Pulver aus dem Behälter 1 in die Mischkammer 5 gefördert und in der Mischkammer 5 mit dem Gasstrahl G vermischt. Das Pulver-Gas-Gemisch wird nun durch eine Förderleitung 11 aus der Mischkammer 5 gefördert, wobei in einem Abschnitt 13 zwischen Mischkammer 5 und Förderleitung 11 der Pulver-Gas-Strom verzögert wird, wodurch die kinetische Energie in der Mischkammer 5 in Druckenergie gewandelt wird und statische Druckrückgewinnung erfolgt. Ueber die Förderleitung 11 wird nun der Pulver-Gas-Strom einer Beschichtungsanordnung zugespiesen, die des öftern relativ weit vom Behälter 1 entfernt ist, wie im Falle der schematisch im unteren Teil von Fig. 1 dargestellten Beschichtungsanordnung. Es handelt sich hier um eine Beschichtungsanordnung zur Innenbeschichtung von Rohren oder rohrabschnittförmigen Gebilden, wie sie für die Innenbeschichtung, beispielsweise von Dosenkörpern, eingesetzt wird. Dabei werden vorerst entlang von Längskanten noch nicht verbundene, d.h. noch nicht in sich geschlossene Dosenkörper 15 über einen ausladenden Arm erst einer Verbindungsstation 19, wie einer Schweiss-Station, zugeführt, laufen darnach weiter über den Arm 17 zu einer Beschichtungsanordnung 21. Die Förderleitung 11 für das Beschichtungspulver wird über die gesamte Länge des Armes 17 axial durch diesen hindurchgeführt, und mündet erst im Beschichtungsbereich aus dem Arm 17 aus. Dort wird, elektrostatisch unterstützt (nicht dargestellt), das Pulver an die Innenfläche der Dosenkörper 15 appliziert und üblicherweise Ueberschusspulver wieder rückgesaugt.P 1 denotes the pressure in the container 1, p 7 the pressure in the feed line for the conveying gas G and p 5 the pressure in the mixing chamber 5. Due to the jet acceleration at the nozzle 7, a pressure drop Δp 75 is generated in the mixing chamber 5 for the time being a negative pressure with regard to the static pressure in the gas supply line 7. The accelerated gas in chamber 5 creates a static pressure drop .DELTA.p 15 from container 1 to chamber 5. This produces powder the container 1 is conveyed into the mixing chamber 5 and mixed with the gas jet G in the mixing chamber 5. The powder-gas mixture is now conveyed out of the mixing chamber 5 through a delivery line 11, the powder-gas flow being delayed in a section 13 between the mixing chamber 5 and delivery line 11, as a result of which the kinetic energy in the mixing chamber 5 is converted into pressure energy and static pressure recovery takes place. Via the delivery line 11, the powder-gas flow is now fed to a coating arrangement which is often relatively far away from the container 1, as in the case of the coating arrangement shown schematically in the lower part of FIG. 1. This is a coating arrangement for the internal coating of pipes or pipe-section-like structures, as is used for the internal coating, for example of can bodies. For the time being, along the longitudinal edges not yet connected, ie not yet closed self-contained can bodies 15 are first fed via a cantilever arm to a connecting station 19, such as a welding station, then continue via the arm 17 to a coating arrangement 21. The delivery line 11 for the coating powder, the arm 17 is axially passed through the entire length of the arm and only opens out of the arm 17 in the coating area. There, electrostatically assisted (not shown), the powder is applied to the inner surface of the can body 15 and usually excess powder is sucked back again.

Dabei ist nun ersichtlich, dass relativ lange Förderleitungen zwischen dem generell mit 8 bezeichneten sog. Injektor bis zur Pulver-Ausgabestelle zurückzulegen sind.It can now be seen that relatively long delivery lines between the so-called injector, generally designated 8, have to be covered up to the powder dispensing point.

Entlang der Förderleitung 11 stellt sich infolge von Reibungsverlusten eine stetige Druckabnahme im Pulver-Gas-Strom ein. In Fig. 1 sind diese Verluste durch Δp11 dargestellt. Diese Verluste werden durch die Energie des in die Mischkammer 5 eingedüsten Gasstrahles mitüberwunden, die ausreicht, das Pulver-Gas-Gemisch umzuienken, zu beschleunigen und die erwähnten Verluste an der Förderleitung 11 zu überwinden.A steady decrease in pressure in the powder-gas flow occurs along the delivery line 11 as a result of friction losses. In Fig. 1, these losses are represented by Δp 11 . These losses are overcome by the energy of the gas jet injected into the mixing chamber 5, which is sufficient to redirect the powder-gas mixture, to accelerate it and to overcome the aforementioned losses on the delivery line 11.

Aus der GB-A-1 249 746 ist nun eine Pulverförderanlage bekannt, bei welcher der der Injektordüse zugeführte Gasstrom aufgeteilt wird und dem verschlossenen Pulvereingabebehältnis zugeführt wird. Dadurch wird das Pulvereingabehältnis unter Druck gesetzt, dies, um bei Unterbrechung der Pulverförderung durch den der Düse zugeführten Gasstrom, die Förderung wieder rasch in Gang setzen zu können.From GB-A-1 249 746 a powder conveying system is now known, in which the gas stream supplied to the injector nozzle is divided and fed to the closed powder input container. As a result, the powder input container is put under pressure, in order to be able to restart the delivery quickly if the powder feed is interrupted by the gas flow supplied to the nozzle.

Der statische Druck im Eingabebehältnis baut sich dabei in Funktion des Ausgangsdruckes einer für die Speisung der Injektordüse mit Fördergas vorgesehenen Druckquelle auf. Der Pulvertransport entlang der stromabwärts der Injektordüse wegführenden Leitung erfolgt im wesentlichen aufgrund einer Impulsübertragung von Fördergas auf das aus dem Eingabebehältnis zugeführte Pulver.The static pressure in the input container builds up as a function of the outlet pressure for supplying the injector nozzle with conveying gas provided pressure source. The powder is transported along the line leading downstream of the injector nozzle essentially due to the impulse transmission of the conveying gas to the powder supplied from the input container.

Aus der US-A-3 149 884 ist eine Pulverförderungsanlage bekannt, bei welcher das Pulver ebenfalls aufgrund des Injektorsaugprinzipes aus einen Eingabebehältnis abgesaugt wird und dann durch Impulsübertragung durch eine Förderleitung gefördert wird. Das Eingabebehältnis wird in Abhängigkeit vom dem Injektor zugeführten Gasstrahl druckbeaufschlagt und darin ein gegenüber der Umgebung ungefähr eingestellter Ueberdruck aufrechterhalten.From US-A-3 149 884 a powder delivery system is known in which the powder is also sucked out of an input container due to the injector suction principle and is then conveyed through a delivery line by pulse transmission. The input container is pressurized as a function of the gas jet supplied to the injector and an overpressure approximately set in relation to the environment is maintained therein.

Es wird erkannt, dass die grundsätzliche Erzeugung eines positiven Druckes im Eingabebehältnis sich positiv auf die Pulverförderung auswirkt.It is recognized that the basic generation of a positive pressure in the input container has a positive effect on the powder delivery.

Aus der US-A-4 569 161 ist eine Pulverförderanlage bekannt, bei welcher das Pulver aus dem Eingabebehältnis durch Impulsübertragung mittels eines Injektorgasstrahles gefördert wird. Um den Druck zwischen Eingabebehältnis und Eintrittsbereich in den Injektor auszugleichen, wird Druckluft in das Eingabebehältnis eingebracht.From US-A-4 569 161 a powder conveying system is known in which the powder is conveyed from the input container by pulse transmission by means of an injector gas jet. In order to equalize the pressure between the input container and the entry area into the injector, compressed air is introduced into the input container.

Aus der US-A-4 561 808 ist weiter eine Pulverförderanlage bekannt geworden, bei welcher Rückgewinnung statischen Druckes an einem sich stromab-wärts aufweitenden Förderleitungsabschnitt für die Pulverförderung erfolgt. Das Eingabebehältnis wird druckbeaufschlagt, um die Pulverförderung rasch in Gang zu setzen.From US-A-4 561 808 a powder delivery system has also become known, in which static pressure is recovered on a downstream widening delivery line section for powder delivery. The input container is pressurized in order to start the powder feed quickly.

Aus der GB-A-1 106 082 ist eine Förderanlage für partikelförmiges (particulate) Material, wie von Staub, bekannt. Dabei wird periodisch die Materialzugabe an einen Behälter geschlossen, dabei der Behälter unter Druck gesetzt, so dass gleichzeitig das im Behälter verbliebene Material fluidisiert und gegen den Behälterausgang getrieben wird. Von da wird das Material mittels eines Gasstrahles weitergefördert durch Einsatz einer umschaltbaren Doppeldüse für den Gasstrahl und durch Ausnützung von Druckrückgewinnung. Während den Phasen, in denen der Behälter geschlossen und unter Druck gesetzt ist, wird nur die eine Düse betrieben.From GB-A-1 106 082 a conveyor system for particulate material such as dust is known. The material addition to a container is periodically closed, the container being pressurized so that the material remaining in the container is simultaneously fluidized and driven against the container outlet. From there, the material is conveyed further by means of a gas jet by using a switchable double nozzle for the gas jet and by utilizing pressure recovery. During the phases in which the container is closed and pressurized, only one nozzle is operated.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Steuerung der pro Zeiteinheit an einer Pulverbeschichtungsanlage ausgegebenen Pulvermenge bzw. eine Pulverbeschichtungsanlage hierfür anzugeben, die nach der oben erwähnten zweiten Technik arbeiten.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for controlling the amount of powder output per unit of time in a powder coating installation or a powder coating installation therefor, which operate according to the second technique mentioned above.

Zur erwähnten Mengensteuerung bieten sich vorerst mehrere Massnahmen an:Several measures are available for the aforementioned quantity control:

Steuerung der kinetischen Energie des in die Mischkammer 5 eingeblasenen Gasstrahles, was durch Variation des Förderdruckes p7 angestrebt werden könnte: Der höhere Förderdruck p7 hat nur eine geringe Auswirkung auf die Fördermenge, sobald das Druckverhältnis an der Düse p7,p5 grösser als das kritische Druckverhältnis, für Luft etwa 1,7, wird. Zudem ist die Erhöhung des Förderdruckes p7 ausserordentlich kostspielig, muss doch ohnehin dieser Druck erheblich über dem Druck in der Mischkammer p5 und dem Druck P1 im Behälter 1, letzterer üblicherweise Atmosphärendruck, liegen.Control of the kinetic energy of the gas jet blown into the mixing chamber 5, which could be aimed at by varying the delivery pressure p 7 : the higher delivery pressure p 7 has only a minor effect on the delivery rate as soon as the pressure ratio at the nozzle p 7 , p 5 is greater than the critical pressure ratio, for air about 1.7. In addition, the increase in the delivery pressure p 7 is extremely expensive, since this pressure must be considerably higher than the pressure in the mixing chamber p 5 and the pressure P 1 in the container 1, the latter usually atmospheric pressure.

Die mit Einsatz einer Lavaldüse erreichbare höhere kinetische Energie kann wegen des schlechten Strahl-Expansions- bzw. -Verzögerungs-Wirkungsgrades bzw. der schlechten Rückgewinnung des statischen Druckes nicht genutzt werden. Eine Erhöhung des Druckverhältnisses p7/p5 über das kritische Verhältnis, wie mittels einer Lavaldüse, führt zudem zu inslabiler Strömung in der Förderleitung 11 aufgrund des dann auftretenden Verdichtungsstosses.The higher kinetic energy that can be achieved with the use of a Laval nozzle cannot be used due to the poor beam expansion or delay efficiency or the poor recovery of the static pressure. An increase in the pressure ratio p 7 / p 5 above the critical ratio, such as by means of a Laval nozzle, also leads to an unstable flow in the delivery line 11 due to the compression shock that then occurs.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Steuerung der ausgegebenen Pulvermenge wäre die Steuerung der pro Zeiteinheit in die Mischkammer 5 eingedüsten Gasmenge. Dies kann bei gegebener Förderleitungskonfiguration zu einem Stau bzw. Druckaufbau in der Mischkammer 5 und einem zu der durch Leitung 11 geförderten Pulvermenge überproportionalen Druckabfall Δp11 führen.Another possibility for controlling the amount of powder dispensed would be to control the amount of gas injected into the mixing chamber 5 per unit of time. Given a delivery line configuration, this can lead to a build-up or pressure build-up in the mixing chamber 5 and a pressure drop Δp 11 which is disproportionate to the amount of powder conveyed through line 11.

Die obgenannte Aufgabe wird nur erfindungsgemäss nach Anspruch 1 bzw. Anspruch 7 gelöst.The above object is only achieved according to the invention as claimed in claim 1 or claim 7.

Der eingedüste Gasstrahl G dient nun vornehmlich der Beschleunigung und Umlenkung des Pulvers in der Mischkammer 5. Durch Variation des Ueberdruckes P1 im Behälter 1 kann nun die Fördermenge eingestellt werden.The injected gas jet G is now primarily used to accelerate and redirect the powder in the mixing chamber 5. By varying the excess pressure P 1 in the container 1, the delivery rate can now be set.

Im weiteren lässt sich dabei die ausgegebene Pulvermenge durch Optimierung des Strahl-Expansionswirkungsgrades bzw. Verzögerungswirkungsgrades. d.h. der Rückgewinnung des statischen Druckes am genannten Gasstrahl verbessern.Furthermore, the amount of powder dispensed can be optimized by optimizing the jet expansion efficiency or delay efficiency. i.e. improve the recovery of the static pressure on the gas jet mentioned.

Dies wird beim Verfahren nach dem Wortlaut von Anspruch 2 erreicht.This is achieved in the process according to the wording of claim 2.

Im Unterschied zur Darstellung gemäss Fig. 1 wird somit erfindungsgemäss der Verzögerungsabschnitt unmittelbar anschliessend an die Düsenmündung verlegt, was die angestrebte Verbesserung der Druckrückgewinnung ermöglicht.In contrast to the illustration according to FIG. 1, the delay section is thus, according to the invention, immediately after the nozzle mouth, which enables the desired improvement in pressure recovery.

Es sei an dieser Stelle eine Klammer geöffnet: Ueblicherweise wird von Strahlexpansion bzw. - kompression bei dessen Verzögerung bzw. Beschleunigung gesprochen. Da aber z.B. bei der Laval-Düse der Strahl im Expansionspereich bzw. Aufweitungsbereich weiter beschleunigt wird, wird hier das Strahlverhalten mit den eindeutigeren kinetischen Begriffen "Beschleunigen". "Verzögern" beschrieben.At this point, a parenthesis should be opened: Usually, one speaks of beam expansion or compression during its deceleration or acceleration. But since e.g. With the Laval nozzle the jet is further accelerated in the expansion area or the widening area, the jet behavior is here with the clearer kinetic terms "accelerating". "Delay" described.

Wie in Fig. 1 auch dargestellt, ist es üblich, die Speiseleitung 3 für das Pulver, mindestens in einer Komponente, senkrecht zur Achse des eingedüsten Gasstrahles G der Mischkammer 5 zuzuspersen. Es besteht dabei eine gewisse Gefahr, dass sich in der Mischkammer, wie 5 von Fig. 1. Pulver absetzt. Dies führt zu Veränderungen der Druck- und Strömungscharakteristiken in der Mischkammer 5.As is also shown in FIG. 1, it is customary to feed the feed line 3 for the powder, at least in one component, perpendicular to the axis of the injected gas jet G of the mixing chamber 5. There is a certain risk that powder, such as 5 of FIG. 1, will settle in the mixing chamber. This leads to changes in the pressure and flow characteristics in the mixing chamber 5.

Um nun dieses Problem zu lösen, wird beim Verfahren eingangs genannter Art weiter vorgeschlagen, nach dem Wortlaut von Anspruch 3 vorzugehen.In order to solve this problem, it is further proposed in the process of the type mentioned at the outset to proceed according to the wording of claim 3.

Wird in Fig. 1 die Achse der Speiseleitung 3 so gelegt, dass, in Richtung gegen die Düse 7 hin betrachtet, sich deren Achse und die Achse der Leitung 3 nicht schneiden, so wird die Strömung des Pulver-Gas-Gemisches mit einem Drall versehen: Es entsteht ein selbstreinigender Wirbel in der Mischkammer 5 bzw. allenfalls der anschliessenden Leitung 11.If the axis of the feed line 3 is placed in FIG. 1 in such a way that, viewed in the direction towards the nozzle 7, its axis and the axis of the line 3 do not intersect, the flow of the powder-gas mixture is provided with a swirl : A self-cleaning vortex is created in the mixing chamber 5 or, if need be, in the connecting line 11.

Weiter wird vorgeschlagen, nach dem Wortlaut von Anspruch 5 vorzugehen.It is also proposed to proceed according to the wording of claim 5.

Durch stetige bzw. kontinuierliche Beschleunigung wird an einem Austrittsquerschnitt der Düse, wie der Düse 7 von Fig. 1, eine achsparallele Ausströmung erreicht.Through constant or continuous acceleration, an axially parallel outflow is achieved at an outlet cross section of the nozzle, such as nozzle 7 of FIG. 1.

Der Betrieb der Düse bei einem Druckverhältnis kleiner als dem kritischen, bei Einsatz von Luft als Gas, bei einem Verhältnis p7/p5 < ca. 1,7, werden Slosswellen in der Mischkammer vermieden und die Ausbildung eines Freistrahls ermöglicht.The operation of the nozzle at a pressure ratio lower than the critical one, when using air as gas, at a ratio p 7 / p 5 <approx. 1.7, prevents lock waves in the mixing chamber and enables the formation of a free jet.

Im weiteren wird zur möglichst optimalen Druckrückgewinnung vorgeschlagen, dass man nach dem Wortlaut von Anspruch 6 vorgeht.In order to optimize the pressure recovery as possible, it is further proposed that the wording of claim 6 be followed.

Bei Unterdrucksetzen des Behälters an der Anlage nach Anspruch 7 ergibt sich das Problem, dass ihm immer wieder, oder kontinuierlich, Pulver zugeführt werden muss, ohne dass dabei zwischen Behälter und Umgebung ein Druckausgleich stattfände.When pressurizing the container on the system according to claim 7, the problem arises that powder must be supplied to it again and again, or continuously, without pressure equalization taking place between the container and the surroundings.

Dies wird bei Ausbildung nach den Wortlaut von Anspruch 12 erreicht.This is achieved in training according to the wording of claim 12.

Wenn im weiteren bevorzugterweise dem Behälter nach Anspruch 4 oder Anspruch 10 Fluidluft zur Fluidisierung des Pulvers im Bereich der Speiseleitung zugeführt wird, müssen Vorkehrungen getroffen werden, die eine gefilterte Abfuhr der zugeführten Luft nach Erreichen des erwünschten Ueberdruckes ermöglichen.If, furthermore, the container according to claim 4 or claim 10 is preferably supplied with fluid air for fluidizing the powder in the area of the feed line, precautions must be taken which enable a filtered removal of the supplied air after the desired excess pressure has been reached.

Dies wird bei der Anordnung nach Anspruch 13 erreicht.This is achieved in the arrangement according to claim 13.

Dadurch wird nach Erstellen des erwünschten Ueberdruckes die weiter zufliessende Fluidisierungsluft abgeführt und die immer darin mitschwebenden Pulverpartikel durch eine Filteranordnung ausgefiltert.As a result, after the desired excess pressure has been created, the further flowing fluidizing air is removed and the powder particles which are always suspended therein are filtered out by a filter arrangement.

Die Erfindung wird anschliessend beispielsweise anhand von Figuren erläutert.The invention is subsequently explained, for example, using figures.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 2a
schematisch den Aufbau eines erfindungsgemässen Behälters, anstelle eines Behälters 1 von Fig. 1, an einer erfindungsgemässen Anlage,
Fig. 2b
qualitativ den Verlauf des statischen Drukkes entlang des Pulver-Förderweges,
Fig. 3
einen Längsschnitt durch einen bevorzugten Injektor anstelle von 8 in Fig. 1, an einer erfindungsgemässen Anlage,
Fig. 4
schematisch eine weitere Ausführungsvariante eines Injektors an einer erfindungsgemässen Anlage,
Fig. 5
eine schematische Längsschnittdarstellung einer weiteren Ausbildungsvariante eines Injektors gemäss Fig. 3 oder 4 an einer erfindungsgemässen Anlage.
Show it:
Fig. 2a
schematically the structure of a container according to the invention, instead of a container 1 from FIG. 1, on a system according to the invention,
Fig. 2b
qualitatively the course of the static pressure along the powder conveying path,
Fig. 3
2 shows a longitudinal section through a preferred injector instead of 8 in FIG. 1, on a system according to the invention,
Fig. 4
schematically a further embodiment variant of an injector on a system according to the invention,
Fig. 5
is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a further embodiment of an injector according to FIG. 3 or 4 on a system according to the invention.

In Fig. 2a ist ein Pulverbehälter 30 an einer erfindungsgemässen Anlage, anstelle des Behälters 1 von Fig. 1 eingesetzt, gezeigt. Der Behälter 30 ist über eine Speiseleitung 32 mit einem Injektor 8 gemäss Fig. 1, vorzugsweise einem weiter unten beschriebenen Injektor, verbunden. Im Bereiche der Ausmündung der Speiseleitung 32 ist im Behälter 30 ein poröser Fluidboden 34 angeordnet, und es mündet unterhalb des Fluidbodens 34 eine Fluid-Gasleitung 36 in den Behälter 30 ein. Durch die Leitung 36 wird, wie mit Hilfe eines Gebläses konventioneller Art, wie schematisch bei 38 dargestellt, ein Fluidgas FL, vorzugsweise Luft, durch den Fluidboden 34 in das darüberliegende Beschichtungspulver 40 sanft eingeblasen. Am Behälter 30 ist generell ein Druckerzeugungsorgan vorgesehen, um das Pulver 40 gegenüber Umgebungsdruck mit einem Ueberdruck p30 zu beaufschlagen.FIG. 2a shows a powder container 30 on a system according to the invention, used instead of the container 1 from FIG. 1. The container 30 is connected via a feed line 32 to an injector 8 according to FIG. 1, preferably an injector described below. In the region of the mouth of the feed line 32, a porous fluid base 34 is arranged in the container 30, and a fluid-gas line 36 opens into the container 30 below the fluid base 34. A fluid gas FL, preferably air, is gently blown through the fluid base 34 into the overlying coating powder 40 through the line 36, as with the aid of a conventional type of blower, as shown schematically at 38. A pressure generating element is generally provided on the container 30 in order to apply an overpressure p 30 to the powder 40 in relation to ambient pressure.

Selbstverständlich kann hierzu ein eigens dafür vorgesehenes Druckerzeugungsorgan eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugterweise werden aber das Gebläse 38 und die Fluid-Luftleitung 36 bzw. die Fluidluft FL für diese Druckbeaufschlagung ausgenützt:. Am Behälter 30 ist im weiteren eine Druckreguliervorrichtung 42, wie ein Druckregulierventil oder ein Schieber, vorgesehen. Hat sich der gewünschte, an der Druckreguliervorrichtung 42 einstellbare Ueberdruck p30 im Behälter 30 eingestellt, so entweicht die weitere Fluidluft FL durch die Druckreguliervorrichtung 42, wie das Druckregulierventil, über einen Filter 44.Of course, a pressure generator specially provided for this purpose can be used. However, the fan 38 and the fluid air line 36 or the fluid air FL are preferably used for this pressurization: A pressure regulating device 42, such as a pressure regulating valve or a slide, is also provided on the container 30. Once the desired overpressure p 30 has been set in the container 30 and can be set on the pressure regulating device 42, the further fluid air FL escapes through the pressure regulating device 42, like the pressure regulating valve, via a filter 44.

Der Filter 44 ist vorgesehen, um in der entweichenden Fluidluft schwebende Pulverpartikel auszufiltern. Beladen wird der Behälter 30 mit frischem Pulver über eine Leitung 46 und eine schematisch dargestellte Zellradschleuse 48, welche sicherstellt, dass bei der Beladung des Behälters 30 mit Pulver kein Druckausgleich zwischen Behälterinnerem und Umgebung erfolgt.The filter 44 is provided in order to filter out powder particles suspended in the escaping fluid air. The container 30 is loaded with fresh powder via a line 46 and a schematically illustrated rotary valve 48, which ensures that when the container 30 is loaded with powder, there is no pressure equalization between the interior of the container and the surroundings.

Eine Niveaukontrolle 50 mit elektrischen Ausgangsleitungen 52 überwacht das Pulverniveau im Behälter 30 und steuert bzw. regelt, nicht dargestellt, allenfalls die über Leitung 46 und Zellradschleuse 48 zugeführte Pulvermenge.A level control 50 with electrical output lines 52 monitors the powder level in the container 30 and controls or regulates, not shown, at most the amount of powder supplied via line 46 and rotary valve 48.

In Fig. 2a, unten, ist der Injektor 8 gemäss Fig. 1 nochmals dargestellt, gestrichelt eine Wegkoordinate x des Pulvers aus dem Behälter über die Speiseleitung 32, durch den Injektor 8, in die Förderleitung 11.In Fig. 2a, below, the injector 8 is shown again according to Fig. 1, dashed a path coordinate x of the powder from the container via the feed line 32, through the injector 8, into the delivery line 11.

In Fig. 2b ist rein qualitativ der Druckverlauf entlang der Wegkoordinate x dargestellt, in ausgezogener Charakteristik für eine Anordnung gemäss Fig. 1, in welcher im Behälter 1 Atmosphärendruck herrscht, strichpunktiert gemäss der erfindungsgemässen Ausführung von Fig. 2a, mit Ueberdruck p30 im Behälter 30.In Fig. 2b the pressure curve along the path coordinate x is shown purely qualitatively, in an extended characteristic for an arrangement according to Fig. 1, in which there is atmospheric pressure in the container 1, dash-dotted lines according to the inventive embodiment of Fig. 2a, with overpressure p 30 in the container 30th

An der Ausführung von Fig. 1 nimmt der Druck. vom Atmosphärendruck pA als Behälterdruck p1 ausgehend, bis in die Mischkammer 5 des Injektors 8 auf einen Wert p5 ab, einen Unterdruck, der durch den beschleunigten Gasstrahl aus der Düse 7 erzeugt wird, X1.1 takes the pressure. starting from the atmospheric pressure p A as the container pressure p 1 , down to the mixing chamber 5 of the injector 8 to a value p 5 , a negative pressure which is generated by the accelerated gas jet from the nozzle 7, X 1 .

Bis zum divergierenden Abschnitt des Injektors bleibt, abgesenen von Druckverlusten, der Druck nahezu auf dem Wert p5, X2, im abrupt diverpierenden Abschnitt, erfolgt Druckrückgewinnung, d.h. die kinetische Energie des eingedüsten Gasstrahles G wird in potenbelle Druckenergie gewandelt. der statische Druck steigt an, X3. Reibungsverluste entlang der Förderleitung 11 bewirken nun den Druckabfall Δp11, X4, bis zur Ausmündung an der Beschichtungsanordnung 21 gemäss Fig. 1, wo das Pulver-Luft-Gemisch in Atmosphärendruck ausgedüst wird, X5.Up to the diverging section of the injector, regardless of pressure losses, the pressure remains almost at the value p 5 , X 2 , in the abruptly diverging section, pressure recovery takes place, ie the kinetic energy of the injected gas jet G is converted into potent pressure energy. the static pressure increases, X 3 . Frictional losses along the delivery line 11 now bring about the pressure drop Δp 11 , X 4 , up to the mouth at the coating arrangement 21 according to FIG. 1, where the powder-air mixture is sprayed out in atmospheric pressure, X 5 .

Erfindungsgemäss wird nun, wie in Fig. 2b dargestellt, der Innendruck im Behälter 30 erhöht, was zum qualitativen Verlauf, wie er strichpunktiert dargestellt ist, führt. Die gesamte Charakteristik wird um den Ueberdruck entsprechend dem Druck p30 angehoben, was sich stark auf die durch Leitung 11 geförderte Pulvermenge auswirkt. Das Anheben des Druckes in der Mischkammer 5, p5 und die damit einnergehende Reduktion der Druckdifferenz p7 zu p5 gemäss Fig. 1 führt zu keiner wesentlichen Fördermengenreduktion. Durch Anheben des Behälterinnendruckes p30 kann sogar der Förderdruck p7 sowie die durch Düse 7 eingedüste Gasmenge reduziert werden, bei gleicher oder gesteigerter Ausgabemenge.According to the invention, as shown in FIG. 2b, the internal pressure in the container 30 is now increased, which leads to the qualitative progression, as shown in broken lines. The entire characteristic is increased by the excess pressure corresponding to the pressure p 30 , which has a strong effect on the amount of powder conveyed through line 11. Raising the pressure in the mixing chamber 5, p 5 and the associated reduction in the pressure difference p 7 to p 5 according to FIG. 1 does not lead to a significant reduction in the delivery rate. By raising the internal container pressure p 30 , the delivery pressure p 7 and the amount of gas injected through the nozzle 7 can even be reduced, with the same or increased output quantity.

Der Ueberdruck p30 sorgt für die Ueberwindung der Druckverluste entlang der Förderleitung 11, während die kinetische Energie des eingedüsten Gasstranies, vorzugsweise Luftstrahles, vermehrt lediglich die Pulverbeschleunigung und dessen Umlenkung vornimmt. Mit Hilfe der Einstellung des Ueberdruckes p30 mit der Druckreguliervorrichtung 42 wird die geförderte Pulvermenge durch Leitung 11 eingestellt.The overpressure p 30 ensures that the pressure losses along the delivery line 11 are overcome, while the kinetic energy of the injected gas stream, preferably an air jet, increases only the powder acceleration and its deflection. With the aid of the setting of the excess pressure p 30 with the pressure regulating device 42, the amount of powder conveyed is set through line 11.

In Fig. 2b sind im weiteren die Positionsnummern der Teile gemäss Fig. 2a, die bei fortschreitendem x durchlaufen werden, eingetragen.In FIG. 2b, the position numbers of the parts according to FIG. 2a, which are run through as x progresses, are also entered.

In Fig. 3 ist der Aufbau eines bevorzugten Injektors, anstelle des Injektors 8 von Fig. 1 bzw. 2a. dargestellt. Der Injektor 54 umfasst eine Mischkammer 55, in die eine Düse 57 mit Mündung 59 einmündet. Koaxial zur Achse A57 und der Düse 57 weist die Mischkammer 55 einen sich unmittelbar nach der Mündung aufweitenden Abschnitt 61 auf. Der Abschnitt 61 mündet stetig in die Förderleitung 11, koaxial zur Achse A57 der Düse 57 angeordnet, ein. Quer zur Achse A57 der Düse 57 mündet die Speiseleitung 3 gemäss Fig. 1 bzw. 32 gemäss Fig. 2a in die Mischkammer 55 ein.3 shows the construction of a preferred injector instead of the injector 8 of FIGS. 1 and 2a. shown. The injector 54 comprises a mixing chamber 55 into which a nozzle 57 with an orifice 59 opens. Coaxial to the axis A 57 and the nozzle 57, the mixing chamber 55 has a section 61 which widens immediately after the mouth. The section 61 opens continuously into the delivery line 11, arranged coaxially to the axis A 57 of the nozzle 57. The feed line 3 according to FIG. 1 or 32 according to FIG. 2a opens into the mixing chamber 55 transversely to the axis A 57 of the nozzle 57.

Durch die Düse 57 wird ein Gasstrahl G. vorzugsweise ein Luftstrahl, in die Mischkammer 55 eingedüst und wird unmittelbar nach dar Düsenmündung 59 verzögert, dadurch, dass der divergierende Mischkammerabschnitt 61 unmittelbar nach der Düseneinmündung 59 ansetzt. Der Strahl G wird als Freistrahl aus der Düse 57 ausgegeben und die Berandung des Abschnittes 61 entsprechend dem Strahlrandwinkel α des Freistrahles bezüglich der Achse A57, mit 15° oder weniger ausgelegt. Zwischen Düseneinmündung 59 und Ansatz des Abschnittes 61 erfolgt die Umlenkung und Beschleunigung des einströmenden Puivers, womit der Gasstrahl zusätzlich verzögert wird und sich somit mit einem Strahlrandwinkel ausbreitet, der grösser als ca. 8° ist, dem Strahlrandwinkel des sich ungestört ausbreitenden Freistrahls.A gas jet G., preferably an air jet, is injected through the nozzle 57 into the mixing chamber 55 and is delayed immediately after the nozzle orifice 59, in that the diverging mixing chamber section 61 starts immediately after the nozzle orifice 59. The jet G is emitted as a free jet from the nozzle 57 and the boundary of the section 61 is designed to be 15 ° or less in accordance with the jet edge angle α of the free jet with respect to the axis A 57 . The deflection and acceleration of the inflowing powder takes place between the nozzle mouth 59 and the approach of section 61, with the result that the gas jet is additionally decelerated and thus spreads out with a jet edge angle that is greater than approximately 8 °, the jet edge angle of the free jet which propagates undisturbed.

Dadurch, dass sich der von Düse 57 ausgegebene Strahl G als Freistrahl im Abschnitt 61 ungehindert verzögern kann, ergibt sich eine optimale Druckrückgewinnung, d.h. Umwandlung der kinetischen Strahlenergie (Mass: Staudruck) in potentielle Druckenergie an der Ausmündung von Leitung 11. Die Düse 57 wird mit einem unterkritischen Druckverhältnis p57 zu p55 betrieben, wodurch Stosswellen vermieden werden und eine freie Strahlexpansion ermöglicht wird. Zur Sicherstellung, dass im Austrittsquerschnitt an der Mündung 59 der Düse 57 eine achsparallele Strömung herrscht, wird die Innenbohrung der Düse 57 stetig konvergierend ausgebildet, wie dargestellt, wobei das Durchmesserverhältnis d57 im nichtkonvergierenden Düsenteil zum Mündungsdurchmesser d59 vorzugsweise grösser als 5 ist. Zwischen dem Anschluss der Speiseleitung 3 bzw. 32 und dem Abschnitt 61 ist ein Strömungskanal 63 vorgesehen, der stetig in den Bereich 61 überleitet. Der stetig gekrümmte Uebergang von Leitungsanschluss an Leitung 3 bzw. 32 zu divergentem Abschnitt 61 verhindert im weiteren Erosion durch beschleunigte Pulverpartikel, insbesondere an den in Fig. 3 mit Ex bezeichneten Mischkammerstellen. Zur Erzeugung des Freistrahles mündet im weiteren die Düse 57 mit einer scharfen Kante in die Mischkammer 55 aus. Zur Optimierung der axialen Düsenstellung bezüglich des Ansatzes von Abschnitt 61 ist die Düse 57, wie mit dem Doppelpfeil S dargestellt. beispielsweise über ein Feingewinde 64 zwischen Düse 57 und Mischkammerblock 65, axial verstellbar.The fact that the jet G emitted by the nozzle 57 can be freely delayed as a free jet in section 61 results in an optimal pressure recovery, ie conversion of the kinetic jet energy (mass: dynamic pressure) into potential pressure energy at the mouth of line 11. The nozzle 57 becomes operated with a subcritical pressure ratio p 57 to p 55 , whereby shock waves are avoided and free jet expansion is possible. To ensure that there is an axially parallel flow in the outlet cross section at the mouth 59 of the nozzle 57, the inner bore of the nozzle 57 is continuously converging, as shown, the diameter ratio d 57 in the non-converging nozzle part to the mouth diameter d 59 preferably being greater than 5. A flow channel 63 is provided between the connection of the feed line 3 or 32 and the section 61, which continuously leads into the area 61. The continuously curved transition from line connection on line 3 or 32 to divergent section 61 prevents further erosion by accelerated powder particles, in particular at the mixing chamber locations designated E x in FIG. 3. To generate the free jet opens out further the nozzle 57 with a sharp edge into the mixing chamber 55. To optimize the axial nozzle position with respect to the approach of section 61, the nozzle 57 is as shown by the double arrow S. for example, via a fine thread 64 between nozzle 57 and mixing chamber block 65, axially adjustable.

In Fig. 4 ist eine weitere Ausführungsvariante eines bevorzugten Injektors dargestellt. Mit Bezug auf Fig. 3 bezeichnen gleiche Nummern gleiche Organe. Der Strömungskanal 63 zwischen Einmündung der Speiseleitung 3 bzw. 32 und Ausmündung in die Förderleitung 11 ist in Form einer stetig abgebogenen Lavaldüse ausgebildet. Dabei ragt die Düse 57 mit ihrer Mündung 59 in den Bereich der Düsenverengung 67 koaxial zum Verengungsquerschnitt ein, wodurch zwischen dem Körper 56 dar Düse 57 und der Wandung des Strömungskanals 63 im Bereich 67 eine Ringdüse 69 für das über die Leitung 3 bzw. 32 zugeführte Pulver entsteht.4 shows a further embodiment variant of a preferred injector. With reference to FIG. 3, the same numbers designate the same organs. The flow channel 63 between the mouth of the feed line 3 or 32 and the mouth into the delivery line 11 is designed in the form of a continuously bent Laval nozzle. The nozzle 57 protrudes with its mouth 59 into the area of the nozzle constriction 67 coaxially to the constriction cross section, as a result of which between the body 56 of the nozzle 57 and the wall of the flow channel 63 in the area 67 an annular nozzle 69 for the supply via line 3 or 32 Powder is created.

In einer Variante des Injektors 54 gemäss den Fig. 3 oder 4 liegt die Achse A32 der Speiseleitung 3 bzw. 32, die Achse des anschliessenden Strömungskanals 63 und die Achse der Düse 57 bzw. des Abschnittes 61, A57, in einer Ebene. Um nun aber die Ablagerung von Pulver in Bereichen der Mischkammer, insbesondere stromaufwärts des Bereiches 61 zu verhindern, wird in einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante gemäss Fig. 5, die eine schematische Darstellung in der Ansicht gemäss Linie V - V von Fig. 3 bzw. 4 zeigt, die Achse A32 bezüglich der Achse A57 der Düse bzw. des Abschnitttes 61 exzentrisch angeordnet. Dadurch wird dem durch Leitung 3 bzw. 32 zugespiesenen Pulver in der Mischkammer 55 ein selbstreinigender Drall versetzt, der zu einem Wirbel D, wie schematisch dargestellt, führt.In a variant of the injector 54 according to FIGS. 3 or 4, the axis A 32 of the feed line 3 or 32, the axis of the adjoining flow channel 63 and the axis of the nozzle 57 or of the section 61, A 57 , lie in one plane. However, in order to prevent the deposition of powder in areas of the mixing chamber, in particular upstream of area 61, a further embodiment variant according to FIG. 5, which shows a schematic illustration in the view according to line V-V of FIGS. 3 and 4 , The axis A 32 is arranged eccentrically with respect to the axis A 57 of the nozzle or the section 61. As a result, the powder fed through line 3 or 32 is mixed in the mixing chamber 55 with a self-cleaning swirl, which leads to a vortex D, as shown schematically.

Claims (18)

  1. Method for controlling the amount of powder emitted per unit of time, where the powder is supplied via a supply line (3, 32) from a reservoir (1, 30) to a mixing chamber (5, 55), which involves generating a pressure difference (Δp15) in the mixing chamber (5, 55), which is directed towards the chamber, through acceleration of a gas jet (G) along said supply line (3, 32), and where pressure recovery is achieved by delaying the powder-gas-flow, in order to supply the powder-gas-flow through a feed line (11) to a coating arrangement (21) and where by means of a pressure source (38) and a pressure regulating device (42) provided on the reservoir (1, 30), independently of the generation of the gas jet (G) in the mixing chamber (5, 55), a static pressure (p1 p30) different from the ambient pressure is generated in the reservoir (1, 30) and the emitted amount of powder is controlled by means of this static pressure (p1 p30).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the powder-gas flow in the mixing chamber (5, 55) is steadily decelerated (61) and the powder is mixed with the gas flow in the area of the highest gas flow speed (59).
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the powder is supplied to the mixing chamber (55) eccentrically relative to a flow axis (A57) of the gas jet, in order to create a self-cleaning vortex powder-air flow towards the feed line.
  4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the powder is fluidised (FL) in front of the mixing chamber (5, 55).
  5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the gas jet (G) is steadily accelerated by means of a nozzle (57) and the nozzle (57) is operated at a sub-critical pressure ratio of (p57) to (p55).
  6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the gas jet (G) is allowed to decelerate, at least approximately, as an open jet.
  7. Powder coating plant comprising a powder reservoir (1, 30), which is connected via a line (3, 32) with a mixing chamber (5, 55), into which opens a feeding gas nozzle (7, 57), in order to create, in the mixing chamber (5, 55), a negative pressure relative to the reservoir (1, 30) through acceleration of a gas jet, and from which a feed line (11) for the gas-powder mixture downstream of a pressure recovery section (61) leads to a coating arrangement, and where a control element independent of the gas jet generation and for the amount of powder emitted at the coating arrangement (21) per unit of time is formed by a pressure source (38) connected to the reservoir (1, 30) and a pressure regulating device (42) provided at the reservoir (1, 30).
  8. Plant according to claim 7, characterised in that the mixing chamber (55) has a section (61) which, relative to the nozzle mouth (59), steadily widens to the diameter of the feed line and which is coaxial to the axis (A57) of the feeding gas nozzle (57).
  9. Plant according to claim 7 or 8 characterised in that the line (3, 32) opens eccentrically relative to the axis (A57) of the nozzle (57).
  10. Powder coating plant according to one of the preceding claims 7 to 9, characterised in that a fluid floor (34) and a feed line (36) for a fluid gas, preferably for fluid air, are provided in the area of the line outlet from the reservoir (30).
  11. Powder coating plant according to claim 10, characterised in that the pressure source is a feeding arrangement for the fluid gas (FL).
  12. Arrangement according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterised in that a powder supply line (46) is provided at the reservoir (30) comprising a pressure decoupling arrangement, much as a star feeder lock (48) for feeding powder from a pressure level on the inlet side to a pressure level on the reservoir side (30).
  13. Powder costing plant according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterised in that a pressure regulating device (42) is connected to a filter (44) for filtering out suspended powder.
  14. Powder coating plant according to claim 8, characterised in that the section (61) widens at least approximately corresponding to the jet boundary angle of an open gas jet formed at the nozzle (57), preferably at approx. 15° or less relative to the nozzle axis (A57).
  15. Powder coating plant according to one of claims 7 to 14, characterised in that the bore of the feeding gas nozzle steadily narrows towards its mouth (59), preferably at a diameter ratio of the unnarrowed cross-section (d57) to the nozzle mouth (d59) of greater than 5.
  16. Powder coating plant according to one of claims 7 to 15, characterised in that the nozzle (57) in the mixing chamber (55) can be axially (S) adjusted.
  17. Powder coating plant according to one of claims 7 to 16, characterised in that the line (3, 32) opens into the chamber (55) with a transverse component relative to the nozzle axis (A57) and in that a flow channel section (63) of the chamber (55) steadily leads from the line inlet into the section (61).
  18. Powder coating plant according to claim 17, characterised in that the flow channel section (63) and the pressure recovery section (61), similarly to a steadily bent Laval nozzle, have a steady constriction in the section facing the feed line (11) and in that the mouth (59) of the nozzle (57) lies in this constriction area.
EP87116035A 1986-11-15 1987-10-31 Method for increasing the amount of powder delivered to a powder-coating apparatus, and powder-coating apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0268126B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87116035T ATE71859T1 (en) 1986-11-15 1987-10-31 METHOD OF INCREASING THE POWDER OUTPUT ON A POWDER COATING EQUIPMENT AND POWDER COATING EQUIPMENT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863639139 DE3639139A1 (en) 1986-11-15 1986-11-15 METHOD FOR INCREASING THE DISPENSED AMOUNT OF POWDER AT A POWDER COATING PLANT AND POWDER COATING PLANT
DE3639139 1986-11-15

Publications (3)

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EP0268126A1 EP0268126A1 (en) 1988-05-25
EP0268126B1 EP0268126B1 (en) 1992-01-22
EP0268126B2 true EP0268126B2 (en) 1997-06-25

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EP87116035A Expired - Lifetime EP0268126B2 (en) 1986-11-15 1987-10-31 Method for increasing the amount of powder delivered to a powder-coating apparatus, and powder-coating apparatus

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US (1) US5018910A (en)
EP (1) EP0268126B2 (en)
JP (1) JP2651165B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE71859T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3639139A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2029679T5 (en)
GR (1) GR3003650T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5018910A (en) 1991-05-28
ES2029679T3 (en) 1992-09-01
ES2029679T5 (en) 1997-11-01
JP2651165B2 (en) 1997-09-10
EP0268126B1 (en) 1992-01-22
EP0268126A1 (en) 1988-05-25
JPS63229171A (en) 1988-09-26
DE3776282D1 (en) 1992-03-05
GR3003650T3 (en) 1993-03-16
DE3639139A1 (en) 1988-05-26
ATE71859T1 (en) 1992-02-15
DE3639139C2 (en) 1990-01-25

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