EP0244651A2 - Cell like structure - Google Patents
Cell like structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0244651A2 EP0244651A2 EP87105051A EP87105051A EP0244651A2 EP 0244651 A2 EP0244651 A2 EP 0244651A2 EP 87105051 A EP87105051 A EP 87105051A EP 87105051 A EP87105051 A EP 87105051A EP 0244651 A2 EP0244651 A2 EP 0244651A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- perforate
- planar
- accordance
- spacer members
- areas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F5/00—Draining the sub-base, i.e. subgrade or ground-work, e.g. embankment of roads or of the ballastway of railways or draining-off road surface or ballastway drainage by trenches, culverts, or conduits or other specially adapted means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the provision of adequate drainage by artificial means and has particular application in the area of landscape gardening.
- a layer of stone or gravel capable of supporting the surface to be drained. Water from this "gravel" layer may then be allowed to percolate into the ground below, follow the lie fo the land through said gravel to further conventional drainage channels or pipes or otherwise evacuated.
- a layer of pebbles may the be provided over such membrane followed by a filter membrane over such layer of pebbles over which filter membrane a layer of soil is laid in which vegetation may be grown.
- the filter membrane prevents the soil clogging the layer of pebbles thereby preventing drainage; the layer of pebbles facilitates drainage of the soil and hence adequate oxygen for the roots of vegetation.
- the lower impervious membrane in turn prevents the ingress of moisture to the building or structure below.
- Such a system as lastmentioned involving pebbles, gravel or stone has been found to have various defects particularly in roof-top applications.
- the lastmentioned conventional system may be expensive insofar as stones or pebbles are heavy thus presenting transportation problems to high or inaccessible locations, the weight also may dictate otherwise unnecessary reinforcement of the supporting structure.
- a water impervious membrane is employed below a layer of of pebbles the pebbles often breach the water right integrity of such membrane due to sharp edges and/or excessive weight.
- the conventional system as lastmentioned furthermore makes no provision for the deployment of conduits for water or power through the drainage area particularly where such conduits are to be laid after the drainage system is in existence.
- the present invention seeks to ameliorate one or more of the lastmentioned disadvantages with the prior art or at least provide the consumer with a choice.
- a rigid cell structure comprising first and second parallel perforate planar members maintained in a fixed spaced relationship from each other by means of a plurality of spacer members of adequate strength to ensure that either one of the perforate planar surfaces has a load bearing capability of at least twenty kilograms per square metre when the opposing perforate planar surface is supported by a rigid planar surface; the perforate nature of both surfaces and the disposition of spacer members being such that gases or liquids may freely pass through the cell structure around the spacer means in any direction.
- the present invention also teaches a method of providing drainage utilising the lastmentioned apparatus.
- the invention may be of use to provide drainage under roadways, under embankments and elsewhere where surface erosion would otherwise be a problem.
- Figure 1 depicts a drainage cell comprising a first planar perforate surface 1 and a second planar perforate surface 2 maintained in parallel spaced relationship to each other by a plurality of upright spacer members 3.
- FIG. 1 The nature of perforations in the embodiment of figures 1 and 2 may best be observed from figure 2 which clearly depicts substantially square perforate areas 4 in the first planar surface 1. It will be noted that the square perforate areas are interposed with substantially square load bearing sections 5 such that the resulting configuration of the first planar surface 1 is checkered.
- the second perforate planar surface is of the same configuration as the first perforate planar surface except that the square perforate sections are out of register with each other such that directly beneath each square perforate section of the first perforate planar surface lies a square load bearing section of the second planar perforate surface.
- the spacer members 3 are rectangular in confighration and are (when viewed in transverse section)are oriented diagonally of the square pattern associated with the planar surfaces so that the ends of such spacer members 6 form bridges between adjacent load bearing surfaces thereby tying in adjacent load bearing surfaces to each other and ensuring a coherent rigid structure.
- Some bracing of the spacer members 3 is achieved by low upstanding walls 7 inwardly directed from the planar perforate surfaces running between adjacent spacer members and extending along the edges defining the square load bearing surfaces.
- these small upstanding walls 7 define shallow areas 8 which are capable of holding small amounts of pooled liquid. This is an important feature where the cell is used for drainage of say a roof-top garden as during periods where no water flow is present the water in such areas may evaporate thereby assisting to maintain the roots of any plants or grass above the drainage cell in a moist condition conducive to plant life.
- the primary function of the drainage cell will be to accept water through its first and upper perforate planar surface and to allow free percolation of the water through the cell towards a drain(not shown)beneath the cell it should be appreciated that the cell additionally assists in maintaining oxygen adjacent the roots of any plants above the upper planar surface.
- the nature of the spacer members permits free flow of water and oxygen mary horizontal direction within the cell and therefore it is usually not necessary to orient the cell in any particular direction with respect to the fall of the surface over which it is installed.
- the relatively open nature of the area between the two planar surfaces additionally may provide space through which conduits may be passed for various services which may be associated with a building.
- Lines 8 depicts the possible directions for flow of water entering the upper surface of the cell and flowing through the cell.
- the cell may advantageously be fabricated from one of a number of plastic materials in a unitary configuration and in this regard polypropelyene has been found to be appropriate.
- the multiplicity of spacer members 3 together with walls 7 results in a relatively rigid structure which is capable of supporting substantial loads and for example where the spacer members are approximately thirty millimetres in length and three millimetres by three millimetres in cross-section the load bearing capabilities of the upper planar surface where the lower planar surface is supported on a concrete slab is approximately 38,000 kilograms per square metre.
- the embodiment of figure 1 is approximately three hundred millimetres by three hundred millimetres square and in order to cover a large surface a number of drainage cells may be laid beside each other.
- the present invention provides a light drainage cell which permits large volumes of water to be drained beneath a variety of surfaces and may furthermore enhanced growth of vegetation above the cell.
- the edges of the drainage cell are not perfectly straight but comprise a series of tongues 10 and grooves 11. These tongues and grooves in the edges of one cell member facilitate a fairly precise location of adjacent cells where cells are placed side by side so as to form a large mat. This is due ot the fact that the tongues 10 of one cell will fit into the grooves 11 of an adjacent cell thereby preventing relative horizontal movement between adjacent cells provided they are urged towards each other. DATED this 3rd day of March, 1987.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to the provision of adequate drainage by artificial means and has particular application in the area of landscape gardening.
- Known methods of draining relatively large surface areas where the funnelling of water directly into narrow diameter pipes is impractical or impossible involve the use of a layer of stone or gravel capable of supporting the surface to be drained. Water from this "gravel" layer may then be allowed to percolate into the ground below, follow the lie fo the land through said gravel to further conventional drainage channels or pipes or otherwise evacuated. In the case of a roof-top garden for example a concrete roof-top may be provided with a water impervious membrane opening into conventional channels, gutters or drains; a layer of pebbles may the be provided over such membrane followed by a filter membrane over such layer of pebbles over which filter membrane a layer of soil is laid in which vegetation may be grown.
- The filter membrane prevents the soil clogging the layer of pebbles thereby preventing drainage; the layer of pebbles facilitates drainage of the soil and hence adequate oxygen for the roots of vegetation. The lower impervious membrane in turn prevents the ingress of moisture to the building or structure below.
- Such a system as lastmentioned involving pebbles, gravel or stone has been found to have various defects particularly in roof-top applications. The lastmentioned conventional system may be expensive insofar as stones or pebbles are heavy thus presenting transportation problems to high or inaccessible locations, the weight also may dictate otherwise unnecessary reinforcement of the supporting structure. It has been further found that where a water impervious membrane is employed below a layer of of pebbles the pebbles often breach the water right integrity of such membrane due to sharp edges and/or excessive weight. The conventional system as lastmentioned furthermore makes no provision for the deployment of conduits for water or power through the drainage area particularly where such conduits are to be laid after the drainage system is in existence. The present invention seeks to ameliorate one or more of the lastmentioned disadvantages with the prior art or at least provide the consumer with a choice.
- According to the present invention there is provided a rigid cell structure comprising first and second parallel perforate planar members maintained in a fixed spaced relationship from each other by means of a plurality of spacer members of adequate strength to ensure that either one of the perforate planar surfaces has a load bearing capability of at least twenty kilograms per square metre when the opposing perforate planar surface is supported by a rigid planar surface; the perforate nature of both surfaces and the disposition of spacer members being such that gases or liquids may freely pass through the cell structure around the spacer means in any direction.
- The present invention also teaches a method of providing drainage utilising the lastmentioned apparatus. In addition to roof-top garden applications it is envisaged that the invention may be of use to provide drainage under roadways, under embankments and elsewhere where surface erosion would otherwise be a problem.
- One example of an article in accordance with the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
- Figure 1 is a part perspective view of a cell in accordance with the present invention;
- Figure 2 is a further part perspective view of the cell of figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a side elevation of the cell depicted in figures 1 and 2.
- Figure 1 depicts a drainage cell comprising a first planar
perforate surface 1 and a second planarperforate surface 2 maintained in parallel spaced relationship to each other by a plurality ofupright spacer members 3. - The nature of perforations in the embodiment of figures 1 and 2 may best be observed from figure 2 which clearly depicts substantially square
perforate areas 4 in the firstplanar surface 1. It will be noted that the square perforate areas are interposed with substantially squareload bearing sections 5 such that the resulting configuration of the firstplanar surface 1 is checkered. In this embodiment the second perforate planar surface is of the same configuration as the first perforate planar surface except that the square perforate sections are out of register with each other such that directly beneath each square perforate section of the first perforate planar surface lies a square load bearing section of the second planar perforate surface. - It will be appreciated that a configuration as above described results in planar surfaces having approximately fifty per cent of their surface area devoted to perforations and the remaining fifty per cent devoted to a surface which is capable of load bearing. In say a roof-top application where a membrane may be employed above the cell adjacent the first perforate planar surface and possibly additionally beneath the cell it is important that the load bearing surfaces comprise a significant proportion of the planar surfaces in order that loads may be distributed. If this were not the case then the cell might perforate adjacent membranes thereby destroying their effectiveness. Where the cell is laid directly for example on a bitumenised roof (not shown) this feature is particularly important as it would not be appropriate for the
spacer members 3 to bear directly on the bitunenised surface thereby allowing perforation of the bitumenised surface when a load was applied to the upper surface of the cell - It will be appreciated that the
spacer members 3 are rectangular in confighration and are (when viewed in transverse section)are oriented diagonally of the square pattern associated with the planar surfaces so that the ends ofsuch spacer members 6 form bridges between adjacent load bearing surfaces thereby tying in adjacent load bearing surfaces to each other and ensuring a coherent rigid structure. - Some bracing of the
spacer members 3 is achieved by lowupstanding walls 7 inwardly directed from the planar perforate surfaces running between adjacent spacer members and extending along the edges defining the square load bearing surfaces. - It will be noted that these small
upstanding walls 7 defineshallow areas 8 which are capable of holding small amounts of pooled liquid. This is an important feature where the cell is used for drainage of say a roof-top garden as during periods where no water flow is present the water in such areas may evaporate thereby assisting to maintain the roots of any plants or grass above the drainage cell in a moist condition condusive to plant life. - Whilst it is envisaged that the primary function of the drainage cell will be to accept water through its first and upper perforate planar surface and to allow free percolation of the water through the cell towards a drain(not shown)beneath the cell it should be appreciated that the cell additionally assists in maintaining oxygen adjacent the roots of any plants above the upper planar surface. It should be noted that the nature of the spacer members permits free flow of water and oxygen mary horizontal direction within the cell and therefore it is usually not necessary to orient the cell in any particular direction with respect to the fall of the surface over which it is installed. The relatively open nature of the area between the two planar surfaces additionally may provide space through which conduits may be passed for various services which may be associated with a building.
-
Lines 8 depicts the possible directions for flow of water entering the upper surface of the cell and flowing through the cell. The cell may advantageously be fabricated from one of a number of plastic materials in a unitary configuration and in this regard polypropelyene has been found to be appropriate. - The multiplicity of
spacer members 3 together withwalls 7 results in a relatively rigid structure which is capable of supporting substantial loads and for example where the spacer members are approximately thirty millimetres in length and three millimetres by three millimetres in cross-section the load bearing capabilities of the upper planar surface where the lower planar surface is supported on a concrete slab is approximately 38,000 kilograms per square metre. - The embodiment of figure 1 is approximately three hundred millimetres by three hundred millimetres square and in order to cover a large surface a number of drainage cells may be laid beside each other.
- It should be appreciated that the present invention- provides a light drainage cell which permits large volumes of water to be drained beneath a variety of surfaces and may furthermore enhanced growth of vegetation above the cell.
- Although it is not depicted herein those skilled in the art of drainage will note that a filter membrane should be utilised above a cell in accordance with the present invention due to the large apertures in the upper perforate planar surface and in this regard"terraferma" brand polyester membranes are appropriate.
- From figure 2 it may be observed that the edges of the drainage cell are not perfectly straight but comprise a series of tongues 10 and grooves 11. These tongues and grooves in the edges of one cell member facilitate a fairly precise location of adjacent cells where cells are placed side by side so as to form a large mat. This is due ot the fact that the tongues 10 of one cell will fit into the grooves 11 of an adjacent cell thereby preventing relative horizontal movement between adjacent cells provided they are urged towards each other. DATED this 3rd day of March, 1987.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87105051T ATE65815T1 (en) | 1986-04-09 | 1987-04-06 | CELLULAR STRUCTURE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPH538286 | 1986-04-09 | ||
AU5382/86 | 1986-04-09 | ||
AU70742/87A AU593085B2 (en) | 1986-04-09 | 1987-03-27 | Drainage cell |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0244651A2 true EP0244651A2 (en) | 1987-11-11 |
EP0244651A3 EP0244651A3 (en) | 1988-01-20 |
EP0244651B1 EP0244651B1 (en) | 1991-07-31 |
Family
ID=25636393
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19870105051 Expired EP0244651B1 (en) | 1986-04-09 | 1987-04-06 | Cell like structure |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0244651B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3771771D1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2237170A (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1991-05-01 | Peter Rolin Heal | Ground water retention units |
GB2266647A (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1993-11-10 | Yugen Kaisha Clean Up System | Drainage box |
DE9412093U1 (en) * | 1994-07-26 | 1994-10-13 | Ritter, Frank Georg, 86836 Untermeitingen | Flat drainage system, especially for landfills |
DE4400183A1 (en) * | 1994-01-05 | 1995-07-06 | Juergen Dipl Phy Almanstoetter | Hexagonal drainage elements assembled as drainage lining for open refuse tip |
WO2000050142A2 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2000-08-31 | Humberto Urriola | Sub-soil drainage cell |
WO2001053608A1 (en) * | 2000-01-17 | 2001-07-26 | Elmich Australia Pty Ltd | Structural modular interconnectable subsoil drainage cell |
AU765117B2 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2003-09-11 | Astral Property Pty Limited | Sub-soil drainage cell |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2521374A1 (en) * | 1975-05-14 | 1976-12-02 | Rosemeier Kg | Element for draining, irrigating, ventilating and heating - with light wt. low structural height and resistance to press. and rotting |
WO1983002790A1 (en) * | 1982-02-05 | 1983-08-18 | Gemmell, Daniel, Paterson | A drainage device |
EP0124500A2 (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-11-07 | Monsanto Company | Elongated bendable drainage mat |
-
1987
- 1987-04-06 EP EP19870105051 patent/EP0244651B1/en not_active Expired
- 1987-04-06 DE DE8787105051T patent/DE3771771D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2521374A1 (en) * | 1975-05-14 | 1976-12-02 | Rosemeier Kg | Element for draining, irrigating, ventilating and heating - with light wt. low structural height and resistance to press. and rotting |
WO1983002790A1 (en) * | 1982-02-05 | 1983-08-18 | Gemmell, Daniel, Paterson | A drainage device |
EP0124500A2 (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-11-07 | Monsanto Company | Elongated bendable drainage mat |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2237170A (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1991-05-01 | Peter Rolin Heal | Ground water retention units |
GB2237170B (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1994-07-27 | Peter Rolin Heal | Ground water retention unit |
GB2266647A (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1993-11-10 | Yugen Kaisha Clean Up System | Drainage box |
GB2266647B (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1996-09-18 | Yugen Kaisha Clean Up System | Structural drainage boxes |
DE4400183A1 (en) * | 1994-01-05 | 1995-07-06 | Juergen Dipl Phy Almanstoetter | Hexagonal drainage elements assembled as drainage lining for open refuse tip |
DE9412093U1 (en) * | 1994-07-26 | 1994-10-13 | Ritter, Frank Georg, 86836 Untermeitingen | Flat drainage system, especially for landfills |
WO2000050142A2 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2000-08-31 | Humberto Urriola | Sub-soil drainage cell |
WO2000050142A3 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2001-02-22 | Humberto Urriola | Sub-soil drainage cell |
AU765117B2 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2003-09-11 | Astral Property Pty Limited | Sub-soil drainage cell |
US6779946B1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2004-08-24 | Humberto Urriola | Drainage structures |
WO2001053608A1 (en) * | 2000-01-17 | 2001-07-26 | Elmich Australia Pty Ltd | Structural modular interconnectable subsoil drainage cell |
GB2374268A (en) * | 2000-01-17 | 2002-10-16 | Alan Sian Ghee Lee | Structural modular interconnectable subsoil drainage cell |
GB2374268B (en) * | 2000-01-17 | 2003-10-01 | Alan Sian Ghee Lee | Interconnectable structural module |
US6736569B2 (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2004-05-18 | Alan Sian Ghee Lee | Structural modular interconnectable subsoil drainage cell |
AU774813B2 (en) * | 2000-01-17 | 2004-07-08 | Alan Sian Ghee Lee | Structural modular interconnectable subsoil drainage cell |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0244651A3 (en) | 1988-01-20 |
DE3771771D1 (en) | 1991-09-05 |
EP0244651B1 (en) | 1991-07-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5030343A (en) | Drainage cell | |
US7056058B2 (en) | Transport corridor drainage systems | |
CA2286336C (en) | Subsurface fluid drainage and storage systems | |
US9085887B2 (en) | Integrated tree root and storm water system | |
US5810510A (en) | Underground drainage system | |
EP0244651B1 (en) | Cell like structure | |
US4463529A (en) | Combined landscaping and foundation wall protective article | |
JPH0426648B2 (en) | ||
AU593085B2 (en) | Drainage cell | |
JPH0523061A (en) | Protection material for creeping plant | |
AU2003204302B2 (en) | Transport corridor drainage system | |
KR100349557B1 (en) | Structure of Roof Top Greening System and Construction Method Thereof | |
JPH05284857A (en) | Floor structure for planting of building structure | |
AU704302B2 (en) | Underground drainage system | |
JPH0118682Y2 (en) | ||
JP2002235327A (en) | Greening system, greening method thereby and corner member used therefor | |
JP3465206B2 (en) | Floor structure for greening building structures | |
JP2002360058A (en) | Method for greening artificial ground | |
KR200310028Y1 (en) | A kitchen garden unit and a simple frame building using the unit as a wall against inclined planes | |
AU765117B2 (en) | Sub-soil drainage cell | |
AU2006201697C1 (en) | Effluent Dispersal System | |
JPS62107722A (en) | Groove member for vegetation | |
DE29808400U1 (en) | Sound absorbing component for noise barriers | |
CZ3142U1 (en) | Cultivation cassette | |
RU94004207A (en) | ROOF-AGROPLANTATION SYSTEM MAMIRIN |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19880701 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19890530 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19910731 Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19910731 Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19910731 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19910731 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19910731 Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19910731 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19910731 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 65815 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19910815 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: ING. A. GIAMBROCONO & C. S.R.L. |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3771771 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19910905 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19911111 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19920430 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20000927 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20001002 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Effective date: 20010430 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020201 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20020412 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030406 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20030406 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050406 |