EP0242773A2 - Method for the continuous separation of magnetizable particles, and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for the continuous separation of magnetizable para- and / or diamagnetic particles from a fluid stream (A) loaded with the particles, which is passed through a separation region penetrated by a high gradient magnetic field (H) along a main flow path (z). The particle-laden fluid stream (A) is fed to the separation region in each case via feed zones (6) supplied from the outer periphery of the separation region and through feed openings (4) distributed over the cross section of the separation region in the form of at least one feed perforated field (ZL) as a plurality of partial flows. The partial currents are then conducted within the separation region via at least one separation hole field (TL) over the cross section of the separation region of pole body orifices (1) and associated ferromagnetic pole body wall parts (2), the latter in the direction of their mouth axes from the main magnetic flux (H) be enforced. This results in a division into a first branch stream (p) and a second branch stream (d), to which branch streams from the gradient field of the pole body orifices (1) attractive forces (F _m ) or repulsive forces in one direction or be exercised away from the polar body mouths (1).

The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method with perforated sheet-like fine structures (3, 3) for the flow guide matrix (TL) of the pole bodies (PK) and (5, 5) for the feed perforated fields (ZL) ./

Description

The invention relates to a method for the continuous separation of magnetizable paramagnetic and / or diamagnetic particles from a fluid stream loaded with the particles, which is passed through a separation region penetrated by a high gradient magnetic field along a main flow path, according to the preamble of claim 1.

A non-generic method, which is mainly used for kaolin cleaning, is known, which does not work continuously, but cyclically with high gradient magnetic separators, the magnetizable particles being deposited on the steel wool filling and the latter therefore having to be rinsed cyclically. The processing of substances with a high proportion of magnetizable particles becomes uneconomical due to the short cycle times.

Furthermore, according to a non-generic method, i.e. discontinuous, working high gradient magnetic separators in carousel construction known, which have a complex coil construction and use the volume filled by the magnetic field relatively poorly; In addition, large masses have to be moved through the magnetic coils.

Finally, magnetic separators (OGMS = Open Gradient Magnetic Separation) which do not work according to the generic type (OGMS), which work continuously and in which the field gradients are generated by oppositely excited superconducting coils. However, due to the force densities that are about two orders of magnitude smaller than one generic methods only suitable for the separation of larger, strongly paramagnetic particles.

A method of the generic type is known from US Pat. No. 4,261,815, which operates with high field gradients for continuous magnetic separation. The device of a magnetic separator specified for its implementation consists of a first matrix of wires perpendicular to the magnetic field for generating field gradients and particle deflection and a second grid matrix for separating the particle streams flowing in the wire direction. The first and second matrix form the flow guide matrix, the main problem with this known device in the difficult manufacture of the plurality of thin wires arranged parallel to the axis, the diameter of which is e.g. Is 0.2 mm and their distances from each other e.g. Amount to 2 mm. The high-performance magnetic field passes through the tubular magnetic separator in the transverse direction, the housing of which is accordingly made of non-magnetic material. Due to the difficult arrangement in its interior, a method using such a magnetic separator is relatively dirt-prone and therefore susceptible to failure in continuous operation.

A second variant of a flow guide matrix for the deposition process according to the aforementioned US PS is published in the magazine "IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG 19, 2127 (1983) and also consists of a wire grid matrix, the magnetic field being applied perpendicular to the wire direction and In this second variant, the separation of the particles is also mentioned by means of repulsive magnetic forces. The range of attractive forces is covered by plates made of non-magnetizable material. This system, which has been tried and tested on a laboratory scale, meets the requirements of the first variant according to the mentioned US-PS problems mentioned analogously.

On the basis of the generic method, the object of the invention is to design it in such a way that the problem of the continuous concentration of magnetizable particles in the range of forces of the high gradient magnetic separators can be realized in a more robust and less prone to clogging manner and therefore overall with a better efficiency.

According to the invention, the object is achieved in a generic method according to claim 1 by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

The advantages that can be achieved with this method can be seen primarily in the fact that relatively robust perforated plates can be used for its implementation for the perforated fields. The introduction of the high gradient magnetic field with its force lines aligned with the direction of the main flow path or in the axial direction of the polar body orifices enables the use of cylindrical high-performance solenoid coils with an extremely favorable field introduction into the interior of the separation region. The process can be carried out continuously with high throughput and significantly reduced risk of clogging.

The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, as described in the preamble of claim 2 and known in principle by the aforementioned US Pat. No. 4,261,815. With this device defined in the preamble of claim 1, the object of creating a particularly advantageous, process- and production-friendly and robust device for carrying out the method according to the invention is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 2. Advantageous developments of the subject matter of claim 2 are specified in subclaims 3 to 20.

The method according to the invention and the device for carrying it out are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which several exemplary embodiments are shown.

• Fig. 1 einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt der im Innern eines Trenn­rohres angeordneten Trennstruktur mit einer aus Polkör­per-Mündungen, Polkörper-Wandteilen sowie verbindenden Lochblech-Wandteilen bestehenden Strömungsleit-Matrix und mit korrespondierenden Zufuhr-Lochfeldern;
• Fig. 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Fig. 1 ent­sprechenden Darstellungsweise, wobei die Polkörper-Mün­dungen nicht als Düsenkörper, sondern als Öffnungen in ebenen Lochblechen ausgeführt sind;
• Fig. 3 perspektivisch und in verkürzter Darstellung ein Trenn­rohr, welches eine Trennstruktur nach Fig.1 aufweist;
• Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt durch das Trennrohr nach Fig.3 mit eingetragenen Maßangaben zur Verdeutlichung der Größen­verhältnisse;
• Fig. 5 ein aus einer Vielzahl von Trennrohren nach Fig. 3 und 4 aufgebauten Trenn-Kanister, perspektivisch, mit zum Teil weggebrochenen Wandteilen;
• Fig. 6 in entsprechender Darstellung zu Fig. 5, jedoch ver­größert eine geringfügig modifizierte Ausführung des Trenn-Kanisters nach Fig. 5;
• Fig. 7 einen vergrößerten Querschnitt durch den Trenn-Kanister nach Fig. 6 und
• Fig. 8 eine Kaskadenschaltung für kontinuierlich arbeitende Hochgradienten-Magnetscheider unter Verwendung dreier unterschiedlich langer Trenn-Kanister nach Fig. 5 bzw. 6.

It shows in a partially simplified, schematic representation:

• 1 shows an enlarged section of the separating structure arranged in the interior of a separating tube with a flow guide matrix consisting of pole body openings, pole body wall parts and connecting perforated plate wall parts and with corresponding feed perforated fields;
• FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment in a representation corresponding to FIG. 1, the pole body orifices not being designed as a nozzle body but as openings in flat perforated plates;
• 3 is a perspective and shortened representation of a separating tube which has a separating structure according to FIG. 1;
• 4 shows a cross section through the separating tube according to FIG. 3 with entered dimensions to clarify the size relationships;
• 5 shows a separating canister constructed from a plurality of separating pipes according to FIGS. 3 and 4, in perspective, with wall parts broken away in part;
• FIG. 6 in a representation corresponding to FIG. 5, but enlarged a slightly modified embodiment of the separating canister according to FIG. 5;
• Fig. 7 is an enlarged cross section through the separating canister according to Fig. 6 and
• 8 shows a cascade circuit for continuously operating high gradient magnetic separators using three separating canisters of different lengths according to FIGS. 5 and 6.

The device shown in Figures 1 to 8 implements a method according to claim 1. The core of this device of a continuous magnetic separator is a perforated plate-like fine structure, which serves both for the formation of the magnetic field gradients required for the separation and also leads the partial currents enriched and depleted in magnetizable material.

1, the fine structure of the flow guide matrix has separating perforated fields designated as a whole and feed perforated fields ZL arranged therebetween in the direction of the main flow path z. The pole body orifices 1 and the pole body wall parts 2 delimiting them are formed by a perforated plate-like fine structure with hollow cone-shaped, projecting nozzles in the hole area. The pole body wall parts 2 consist of ferromagnetic material, the remaining wall parts 3 of the perforated sheet-like fine structure made of non-magnetizable or diamagnetic or weakly paramagnetic material. Another perforated plate-like fine structure for the feed perforated fields ZL has pairs of perforated plates 5 spaced plane-parallel to one another and arranged with their feed openings 4 congruent to the pole body orifices 1, the gap 6 between the paired perforated plates 5, 5 serving as the feed zone for the particle-laden fluid flow A.

Also in the flow guide matrix from the separating perforated fields TL, the perforated plates 3 are stacked in pairs, in particular mirror images of one another, so that the pole body openings 1 and the pole body wall parts 2 each lie on a common axis. The left upper pole body arrangement shows schematically the field constriction generated by the pole body designated as a whole by PK, the magnetic field designated as a whole by H, the main direction of flow of which points in the direction of the arrow f 1. Because of the local rotational symmetry, the field is narrowed even more than shown in Fig. 1, namely two-dimensionally. To the right of the schematically represented field course, the flow direction of the incoming particle-laden fluid stream A is shown schematically by broken lines. The magnetic forces acting on paramagnetic particles are indicated by arrows F _m and bring about a concentration of the paramagnetic particles in the core current flowing into the pole body orifices, while that between the perforated plate 5 and the separating perforated field TL or the associated pole bodies PK and perforated plates 3 remaining partial stream d is depleted of paramagnetic particles. This partial stream d is referred to as the second branch stream and the branch stream p directed into the pole body orifices 1 is referred to as the first branch stream. For diamagnetic particles, the magnetic forces (see arrows F _m ), which coincide with the corresponding gradient field, act in the opposite direction, so that there is a depletion of diamagnetic particles in the core stream or first branch stream p.

The perforated plates 5 of the feed perforated fields ZL, like the perforated plate wall parts 3, consist of non-magnetic or diamagnetic or weakly paramagnetic material. They are arranged at a distance a1 from one another and form the feed zone A1 between them. The perforated plates 3 of the flow guide matrix, designated as a whole by PK / 3, are likewise arranged at a distance from one another, which is designated by a2. This spacing gap forms the first collection chamber SK1 for the first branch flows p, which are designated M in the collected form. The flow zone arranged between the perforated plate 5 and the flow guide matrix PK / 3 is a second collecting chamber SK2 for the fraction d (second branch flow) depleted of paramagnetic particles p, and the second branch flows give the total flow NM in the second collecting chamber SK2.

1 shows a variant of the fine structure shown in FIG. 1, which does not work with attractive forces for paramagnetic particles, but with repulsive forces. It consists of Two pairs of perforated plates 3ʹ, 3ʹ stacked on top of each other, the particle-laden fluid flow A being fed between the thin pairs of perforated plates 5ʹ, 5ʹ made of non-magnetizable material and the fraction d depleted in paramagnetic particles between the stronger perforated plates 3ʹ, 3ʹ made of ferromagnetic material (collection chamber SK1) is discharged, however, the fraction enriched in paramagnetic particles within the collection chamber SK2.

For separation, the magnetic field lines are locally greatly diluted, which leads to repulsive forces on paramagnetic particles, which are correspondingly depleted in the core current d. In contrast, diamagnetic particles are enriched in the core stream. The advantage of this separation structure is the even lower risk of clogging if there is a certain proportion of ferro- or strongly paramagnetic particles in the incoming fluid stream A. This separation structure is also easier to manufacture.

According to FIG. 3, the perforated plates 3 provided with the pole bodies PK or PKʹ and the perforated plates 5 having the feed openings 4 can be combined to form modules and stacked to form a separating tube TR. The separating tube TR is slotted in segments to supply the incoming particle-laden fluid streams (fluid streams can in principle not only be understood to mean liquid streams but also gas streams) and to discharge the magnetic and non-magnetic fractions. The feed openings 4 and the polar body orifices 1 or nozzles are each one above the other in a hexagonal grid arrangement.

FIG 4 shows, for example, favorable dimensions for a single separating tube (in millimeters).

A large number of separating tubes of the type shown in FIG. 3 can be combined to form a separating canister, as is shown in FIG. 5 or is shown in perspective in FIG. 6, which together with the solenoid surrounding the separating canister and the supply units (not shown in detail) forms the magnetic separator.

According to FIG. 5, the particle-laden fluid stream is fed to the separating canister TK via the pipe socket 11 of a main feed line and fed to each separating pipe TR from three sides via a flow inlet plate 10 and the pipe interspaces 20, while the non-magnetic fraction is discharged separately from one another via the other pipe interspaces. The intermediate plate 30 (flow guide plate) separates the two fractions in such a way that the channels leading the magnetic fraction end above and the channels leading the non-magnetic fraction below the intermediate plate 30. The first and second main collecting lines 60 and 70 for discharging the two fractions are welded into the intermediate plate 30 and into the base plate 40 with their corresponding pipe connections.

The six filling bodies 50 resulting from the hexagonal arrangement of the separating tubes TR can be used as pipeline in a cascade connection, compare FIG. 8, the magnetic separator consisting of several separating canisters in the magnetic field of a solenoid S.

The cross section according to FIG. 7 shows the separating pipes TR arranged in a hexagonal grid within the separating canister, an individual separating pipe being shown in more detail.

Both the separating pipe TR shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and the separating canister TK shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 with their main flow paths z can be regarded as separator containers in the sense of the invention. First in detail for the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1, 3 and 4. Formed by the stacking in the direction z of the modules MO1 and MO2 (see FIG. 1) th slots are divided into three groups of slots by the radially-axially extending bulkheads 9 attached to the outer circumference 7 of the separating tube TR: first slots 8.1 for supplying the fluid flow to the feed zones A0 of the modules from a feed line. The feed line function take over the line volumes v₁, v₂ and v₃, which have the shape of columns with a ring-shaped cross section and are each limited between two successive circumferential bulkhead walls 9. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the bulkhead walls 9 are arranged hexagonally, ie they lie on radii which span sectors with a sector angle of 60 ° between them. The three line volumes v₁, v₂ and v₃ are evenly distributed over the circumference of the separating tube. Between the line volumes v₁ and v₂, the line volume v₄ is directly adjacent and communicating with or with the second slots 8.2 for discharging the first branch flows M collected in the first collecting chambers SK1 of the modules (FIG. 1). In the case of the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 the first branch flows are designated NM by definition, but this will be dealt with later. The dashed line indicates within the line volume v₄ the exit of the first partial flows M collected in the respective modules. Seen in the clockwise direction follows the line volume v₂, the line volume v₅, then the line volume v₃ and then the line volume v₆. The line volumes v₅ and v₆ are arranged adjacent to and communicating with the third slots 8.3, that is, they serve as a collecting line for the radially emerging second partial flows NM emerging from the respective modules, as indicated by the dashed flow line in the right part of FIG. 3. These manifolds v₅ and v₆ therefore communicate with the second manifolds SK2 (see FIG 1).

Returning to the detailed illustration according to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the incoming particle-laden fluid flow A pro via the feed zone A0 and the respective feed hole field ZL Hole 4 is divided into the partial currents d + p, which each contain para- and diamagnetic particles. The main flow direction z and the main field direction of the high gradient magnetic field H coincide or run parallel to one another; The local gradient fields H1 already mentioned are then generated by the polar bodies PK because the magnetic field lines preferably enter these ferromagnetic bodies, so that the constrictions and field line densifications shown in FIG. 1 result. For the sake of simplicity, for the following considerations, the first paramagnetic particle group as well as the partial stream enriched with it are denoted by p and the second diamagnetic particle group as well as the partial stream enriched with it are designated by d. If one assigns the first particle group p a first magnetic susceptibility κ₁ and the second particle group d a second magnetic susceptibility κ₂, which differ from one another and also with respect to the magnetic susceptibility κ _{F of} the fluid or carrier fluid, then one can use the local gradient fields H1 of the polar body PK exert different magnetic deflection forces on the two groups of particles due to different magnetic dipole moments. To achieve this deflection process, which has already been explained, the flow guide matrix PK / 3 is now formed by at least one separating hole field TL over the cross section of the separating region of pole body orifices 1 and associated ferromagnetic pole body wall parts 2 of a flow guide body. The main magnetic flux H runs, as mentioned, in the axial direction 1.0 of the pole body orifices 1 and thus parallel to the main flow path or the main flow direction z. Upstream and at a distance a3 from the flow guide matrix PK / 3 there is at least one perforated feed plate ZL of a further flow guide body, the feed openings 4 of which correspond to the pole body mouths 1 and in particular are arranged coaxially with them. The acting as a flow guide perforated perforated plate ZL divides it from the outer periphery of the separation region via feed zones v₁, v₂, v₃ (compare (FIG 3) inflowing fluid flow A in the polar body orifices 1 inflowing partial flows p + d. On the outlet side, at least one first collecting chamber SK1 communicates with the pole body orifices 1. The flow volume between the feed perforated plate ZL of the diamagnetic flow guide body and the separating perforated field TL of the pole body wall parts 3 serves as a second collecting chamber SK2. The first manifold SK1 is connected to a manifold v₄ (FIG 3), and the second manifold SK2 is connected to the other manifold v₅, v₆. At least two collecting lines, one each for the first branch stream p and the second branch stream d, are therefore required. As will be explained further below, the first manifolds v₄ are then connected to the first main manifold 60 and the second manifolds v₅, v₆ are connected to the second main manifold 70 as part of the combination of a plurality of separating pipes TR according to FIG. communicate with these main lines.

It can be seen from FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 that the polar body orifices 1 and wall parts 3 of the respective separating perforated field TL are formed by a perforated plate-like fine structure with hollow-cone-shaped, projecting nozzles PK in the perforated area and the field line compression in the area of the nozzle orifices 1 local Gradient fields H1 result which exert attractive forces on paramagnetic particles flowing in the direction of the nozzle axis 1.0, see arrows F _m , and repulsive forces on correspondingly flowing diamagnetic particles d, so that the core branch flow p entering paramagnetic through the nozzles PK or polar body Particles is enriched, on the other hand, the other or second branch stream d flowing past the nozzles PK is depleted of paramagnetic particles and enriched on diamagnetic particles. The boundary edges 1.1 of the pole body or nozzle orifices 1 are, as shown, rounded, which is favorable in relation to the field line and the flow resistance and thus improves the degree of separation. The feed openings 4 of the feed perforated plate ZL are to the Pole body mouths 1 of the separating perforated field TL are each arranged coaxially. In particular, a perforated sheet-like fine structure is provided for the pole body orifices 1 and the pole body wall parts 3 of the flow guide matrix PK / 3, each in pairs with a plane-parallel spaced apart (distance a2) and congruent arrangement of the two paired perforated sheets 3-3, the space between the paired perforated plates 3-3 serve as a collecting chamber SK1 of the first branch flows p and the space lying outside the perforated plates and adjacent to the feed perforated fields ZL serves as a second collecting chamber SK2 for the second branch flows d. According to FIG. 1, the flow guide body for the feed perforated field ZL is also designed as a perforated plate-like fine structure, specifically with a spaced plane-parallel spacing (distance a1) and congruent arrangement of the two paired perforated plates 5-5, the space between the paired perforated plates 5-5. 5 serves as feed zone A0.

In itself, a separating effect can already be achieved if a feed perforated field ZL with a single perforated plate 5 is assigned to a separating perforated field TL with a single perforated plate 3 with pole bodies PK on its pole body side. Here as in the following, however, the separation module should be understood to mean the smallest, satisfactorily functioning basic unit MO1, which is arranged axially in the main flow direction z in the context of a separation tube TR. Each of these separating modules MO1 consists of a perforated plate pair 3-3 for the flow guide matrix PK / 3 and a perforated plate 5 for the feed perforated fields ZL, which is arranged on both sides of this perforated plate pair at a distance a3 in mirror image. These modules M01, one of which can be seen in full in FIG. 1, are stacked at intervals a1 such that the feed-in zones A0 are formed by the perforated plates 5 of the feed perforated fields ZL of the successive modules which are adjacent to one another. The separation module MO2 can also be regarded as the smallest module unit that repeats itself several times or repeatedly in the stacking direction, each of which be standing from a perforated plate pair 5-5 for the feed zones A0 and one perforated plate 5 arranged on both sides of this perforated plate pair at a distance a3 for the separating perforated fields TL. These modules MO2 are stacked analogously to the modules MO1 at intervals a2 such that the first collecting chambers SK1 are formed by the perforated plates 3-3 of the perforated panels TL of the successive modules which are adjacent to one another. This stacked arrangement of the individual modules MO1 and MO2 results in the double-flow inflow in direction z and in direction -z and also a double-flow outflow in these two directions, which results in very good utilization of the volume of a separating tube TR (FIG. 3). Such a separating pipe TR preferably has a circular cross section, so that the perforated fields or perforated plates ZL, TL, as can be seen from FIG. 3, also have a circular plan. 3, the separation modules MO1 or MO2 are stacked one above the other in the direction z and mechanically firmly connected to one another to form the separation tube TR (corresponding screw or welded connections are not shown in detail), the separation modules being separated from the tube wall 7 on their outer circumference are surrounded, this tube wall 7 being provided with the slots 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, as already explained.

symbolisiert, so daß der durch die Polkörper-Mündungen 1ʹ strömende Kern-Zweigstrom d an dia­magnetischen Partikeln angereichert ist, dagegen der vor den Polkörper-Mündungen 1ʹ vorbeiströmende Zweigstrom p an diamag­ netischen Partikeln verarmt bzw. an paramagnetischen Partikeln angereichert ist. Sinngemäß zum ersten Ausführungsbeispiel nach FIG 1 ist es auch hierbei vorteilhaft, die Lochbegrenzungskan­ten 1.1ʹ, wie dargestellt, auf der Zu- und auf der Abströmseite abzurunden. Die zu FIG 1 analogen Trenn-Module sind hier mit MO1ʹ bzw. MO2ʹ bezeichnet. Aus diesen einzelnen Trenn-Modulen kann dann wieder ein Trennrohr TR sinngemäß zur Anordnung nach FIG 3 aufgebaut werden. Der Vorteil eines solchen Trennrohres aus den Modulen MO1ʹ bzw. MO2ʹ ist insbesondere der, daß die Herstellung der Strömungsleit-Matrix PK/3ʹ preiswerter ist als diejenige der Strömungsleit-Matrix nach FIG 1, weil als Polkör­per PKʹ lediglich die stehenbleibenden Partien eines ferromag­netischen Lochbleches dienen und besondere Düsenkörper hier nicht vorgesehen sind.The basic principle of the perforated plate arrangement explained with reference to FIG. 1 has also been retained in the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. There, the pole body orifices 1ʹ and wall parts 3ʹ of a separating perforated field TL are each formed by a perforated plate-like fine structure in such a way that the field line thinning in the perforated area results in local gradient fields H2, which cause repulsive forces and para-magnetic particles p flowing in the direction of the perforated axis 1.0 exert attractive forces on correspondingly flowing diamagnetic particles, as shown by arrows F

symbolizes so that the core branch stream d flowing through the polar body orifices 1ʹ is enriched with diamagnetic particles, whereas the branch stream p flowing past the pole body orifices 1ʹ is enriched with diamag netic particles are depleted or enriched in paramagnetic particles. Analogously to the first exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, it is also advantageous in this case to round off the hole boundary edges 1.1ʹ, as shown, on the inflow and outflow sides. The separation modules analogous to FIG. 1 are designated here as MO1ʹ or MO2ʹ. A separating tube TR can then be constructed from these individual separating modules in a manner corresponding to the arrangement according to FIG. 3. The advantage of such a separating tube from the modules MO1ʹ or MO2ʹ is, in particular, that the production of the flow guide matrix PK / 3ʹ is cheaper than that of the flow guide matrix according to FIG. 1, because only the remaining parts of a ferromagnetic perforated plate serve as the polar body PKʹ and special nozzle bodies are not provided here.

As already indicated, a single separation tube TR is shown in FIG. 3 if it is provided with a suitable housing for supplying the particle-laden fluid streams A and for discharging the two fractions M (enriched in paramagnetic particles p) and NM (enriched in diamagnetic particles), already functional, but more for laboratory or experimental use. For commercial purposes, it is recommended, according to FIGS. 5 to 7, that a plurality of separating pipes TR are combined in an axially parallel arrangement to form a separating pipe field and together with a container 100 surrounding the separating pipe field, which has at least one common main feed line 11 on the top side and first and bottom side has second main manifolds 60, 70, is combined to form a separating canister TK. The designs according to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are almost identical except for the fact that the main feed line 11 in FIG. 5 is connected centrally to the separating canister, but according to FIG. 6 is eccentric to its axis of rotation. 5 to 7, a high-performance solenoid or magnet MM is not shown; it is understood that such a high-performance magnet, arranged separating canister, also around a single one Separating canister according to FIGS. 5 to 7 can be arranged around so that its field lines enforce the multiple arrangement of the separating pipes TR inside the separating canister TK essentially in the axial direction.

It can be seen in particular from FIGS. 6 and 7 that the separating pipes TR are arranged in a hexagonal grid and that the gusset alleys remaining free between these separating pipes are divided into feed or collecting lines 20 by the bulkheads 9, the feed lines being v 1 to through the line volumes v₃ are formed and the first collecting lines through the line volumes v₄ and the second collecting lines through the line volumes v₅, v₆ (see FIG 3). The loaded fluid flow A is via the main feed line 11 on the cover side of a prechamber 12 of the separating canister TK and from there via feed openings 10.1 provided in a correspondingly perforated flow guide plate 10, the outline of which corresponds to the cross section of the gusset spaces 20 between the separating pipes TR and bulkheads 9, all feed lines v₁, v₂, v₃ fed in parallel. At the bottom of the separating canister TK, two further, axially adjacent secondary switching chambers 13, 14 are provided (FIG. 6), which via the gusset-shaped outlet openings 30.1 and 31.1 of the perforated flow deflection plates 30, 31 with the first and second manifolds v₄ and v₅, v₆ communicate and open into the first and second main manifold 60 for fraction M and 70 for fraction NM.

The outer support structure for the separating canister TK according to FIG 5 to 7 has been omitted for reasons of clarity.

This also applies to the schematic representation according to FIG. 8 of a separator cascade with three separating canisters TK1, TK2 and TK3, which are arranged one above the other in axial alignment and are surrounded by a high-performance magnet MM with magnet coil S. In this fifth embodiment, the particle loaded, to be prepared partial fluid stream A1 fed to the first canister TK1 as a mixture of the fresh fluid stream A and a fluid stream M2 + NM3 returned from the outlet of the cascade. The collected second branch flows NM1 from this first canister TK1 are fed via line nm12 from the pump P12 as feed fluid stream A2 to the downstream second canister TK2. The collected first branch flows M1 from the first canister TK1, on the other hand, are fed to the third canister TK3 via line m13 through the pump P13 as feed fluid flow A3. The collected second branch streams NM2 from the second canister TK2 and the collected first partial streams M3 from the third canister TK3 are fed via the lines nm2 or m2 as waste stream NM or as useful stream M to their utilization. The collected first branch flows M2 from the second canister TK2 and the collected second branch flows NM3 from the third canister TK3 are brought together via the two lines m2 and nm3, respectively, and fed into the return line nmm31, and this feedback flow is pumped as a mixed flow M2 + by the pump P31 NM3 fed into line 11 and admixed with the raw feed current A.

Returning to the two exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 3, in which the essence of the invention is shown, it becomes clear that the invention realizes a method according to which the particle-laden fluid stream A of the separation region is supplied in each case via feed zones supplied from the outer periphery of the separation region A0 and through the cross-section of the separation region in the form of at least one feed perforated field ZL, feed openings 4 of flow guide bodies are supplied as a plurality of particle streams d + p. The partial currents d + p are then conducted within the separation region via at least one separation hole field TL from pole body orifices 1 and 1ʹ distributed over the cross section of the separation region and associated wall parts 2 and 3ʹ of ferromagnetic pole bodies PK and PKʹ as a flow guide matrix. These polar bodies are in the direction of their mouth axes 1.0 from the main magnetic flux H penetrates, and with their pole body orifices 1 and 1ʹ corresponding to the respectively adjacent feed openings 4, they divide the partial streams containing at least two groups of particles into the at least two branch streams:

- A first branch flow p (FIG 1) or d (FIG 2), on which from the gradient field of the pole body PK (FIG 1) or PKʹ (FIG 2) exerted attractive forces in the direction of the pole body orifices 1 and 1ʹ will,
- And in a second branch flow d (FIG 1) or p (FIG 2), on which from the gradient field H1 the pole body PK (FIG 1) or from the gradient field H2 the pole body PKʹ (FIG 2) repulsive forces in one direction be exercised away from the respective polar body mouth 1 or 1ʹ.

The first branch streams p (FIG. 1) or d (FIG. 2) flowing through the pole body orifices 1 or 1, and enriched on the first group of particles are fed to first collection chambers SK1 communicating with the pole body orifices 1 and 1ʹ on the outlet side . The second branch flows d (FIG. 1) and p (FIG. 2), deflected by the polar body orifices 1 and 1ʹ and enriched on the second group of particles, are each fed to second collecting chambers SK2, which each contain the flow volume in the separation region between the feed -Hole field ZL and the separating hole field TL without the first branch flows p (FIG. 1) or d (FIG. 2) entering the pole body orifices 1 or 1ʹ. Finally, the first and second branch flows M and NM brought together in the first and second collecting chambers SK1, SK2 are supplied to the at least one first and at least one second collecting line v₄ or v₅, v₆.

The method according to the invention and the device for carrying it out are suitable, inter alia, for kaolin purification, ore processing, concentration of gold, uranium and Cobalt from tailings piles, pyrite separation from coal (also siderite and calcite), for coal cleaning in liquefaction, for the recovery of catalyst material in hydrogenation plants, for the recovery of steel particles from waste water and process dust in steel plants, to name just a few applications.

The production of the perforated plates 3, 5, 3ʹ, 5ʹ for the separation perforated fields TL and feed perforated fields ZL is possible with very good precision through material processing using laser beams.

Claims (20)

1. Method for the continuous separation of magnetizable para- and / or diamagnetic particles from a fluid stream (A) loaded with the particles, which is passed through a separation region penetrated by a high gradient magnetic field (H) along a main flow path (z),

wherein the high gradient magnetic field (H) is generated by a plurality of ferromagnetic pole bodies (2), which are arranged within the separation region in a flow guide matrix and penetrated by the magnetic flux of an external high-performance magnet, and thereby the main magnetic flux of the external high-performance magnet in one of their number and Form the arrangement of a corresponding number of partial flows with an inhomogeneous field distribution,

and wherein the fluid stream (A) contains at least two groups of particles, the respective magnetic susceptibilities κ₁ and κ₂, based on that κ _{F of} the fluid, are so different from one another that due to different magnetic dipole moments of the particles in the fluid stream of the separation region the one Group of particles is deflected in a first branch stream (p or d) in the direction of increasing field gradients and the other group is deflected in a second branch stream (d or p) in the direction of falling field gradients or at least one group is deflected as a first branch stream (p) is deflected more strongly than the other group as a second branch current (d) in the direction of increasing or decreasing field gradients,

and further the two at least two branch streams (p, d) being separated from one another and the first branch stream (p) of a first manifold (60) enriched with the first group of particles and the second branch stream of a second manifold enriched with the second group of particles ( 70) is supplied,
characterized,
- That the particle-laden fluid flow (A) of the separation region each via supply zones supplied from the outer periphery of the separation region (AO) and through the cross-section of the separation region in the form of at least one feed hole field (ZL) distributed feed openings (4) of flow guide bodies as a plurality of partial flows (d + p) is fed in,
- That the partial currents (d + p) then within the separation region via at least one separation hole field (TL) over the cross section of the separation region distributed pole body orifices (1; 1ʹ) and associated wall parts (2) ferromagnetic pole body (PK; PKʹ) as Flow guide matrix are passed, which are penetrated in the direction of their mouth axes (1.0) by the main magnetic flux (H) and which, with their polar body orifices (1; 1ʹ) corresponding to the respectively adjacent feed openings (4), contain the at least two groups of particles-containing partial flows each divide into the at least two branch streams:
a first branch flow (p or d), on which attractive forces are exerted by the gradient field of the pole body (PK) in the direction of the pole body mouths (1; 1ʹ),
- And in a second branch flow (d or p), on which the gradient field of the pole body (PK) repulsive forces are exerted in a direction away from the respective pole body mouth (1; 1ʹ) and
- That the through the pole body orifices (1; 1ʹ) flowing, enriched on the first group of particles, first branch flows (p or d) first, with the pole body orifices (1; 1ʹ) communicating on the outlet side communicating chambers (SK1)
- And that the deflected from the polar body orifices (1; 1ʹ), enriched on the second group of particles, second branch flows (d or p) are each fed to second collecting chambers (SK2), each of which the flow volume in the separation region between the feed - Hole field (ZL) and the separating hole field (TL) without the in the polar body mouths (1; 1ʹ) include incoming first branch flows (p or d),
- And that finally in the first and second collecting chambers (SK1, SK2) merged first and second branch flows (M and NM) of the at least one first and at least one second manifold (v₄ or v₅, v₆) are supplied. 2. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1,
with at least one separator container (TR, TK) through which the fluid stream Ptd) loaded with particles of at least a first and a second group can flow continuously along a main flow path (z), at least one connection (11) at one end of the flow path for feeding the fluid stream and at the other end of the flow path has a fluid stream outlet divided into at least two manifolds (v₄ or v₅, v₆; 60 or 70), the one manifold (v₄; 60) being the fluid stream enriched in a particle group Fraction (M) and the other manifold (v₅, v₆; 70) transports the fluid stream fraction (NM) enriched on the other particle group, with at least one separation region inside the container (TR; TK); with a plurality of ferromagnetic pole bodies (PK; PKʹ) arranged within the separation region in a flow guide matrix (PK / 3; Pkʹ / 3ʹ) for generating a high gradient magnetic field (H) and with one with the pole bodies (PK; PKʹ) for flow control Matrix belonging arrangement of flow guide walls (3; 3ʹ) for dividing the at least two branch streams (p or d) deflected to different degrees at the gradient fields of the polar bodies (PK; PKʹ) onto the associated collecting lines, furthermore with one on the outer circumference of the separator container (TR, TK) arranged high-performance magnets (MN), whose main magnetic flux penetrates the separation region and the pole bodies (PK; PKʹ) therein, generating inhomogeneous partial flows on the individual pole bodies, the first group of particles (p or d) having a first magnetic susceptibility κ₁ and the second particle group (d or p) is one second magnetic susceptibility κ₂, which susceptibilities κ₁, κ₂, based on the magnetic susceptibility κ _{F of} the fluid are so different that from the gradient fields (H) of the polar body (PK; PKʹ) on the two groups of particles differently strong magnetic deflection forces due different magnetic dipole moments are exerted, characterized in that
- That the flow guide matrix (PK / 3; PKʹ / 3ʹ) through at least one separating perforated field (TL) over the cross section of the separating region of distributed polar body orifices (1; 1ʹ) and associated ferromagnetic polar body wall parts (2; 3ʹ) one Flow guide body is formed
- that the main magnetic flux is oriented in the axial direction (1.0) of the pole body orifices (1; 1ʹ),
- That upstream and at a distance (a3) to the flow guide matrix at least one feed perforated plate (ZL) of a further flow guide body is arranged, the feed openings (4) of which correspond to the pole body orifices (1; 1ʹ), and which the him from the outer circumference divides the separating region into the partial flow (p + d) flowing into the polar body orifices (1; 1ʹ) via the incoming fluid flow (A),
- That communicates with the pole body orifices (1; 1ʹ) on the outlet side at least a first collecting chamber (SK1),
- That the flow volume between the feed perforated plate (ZL) of the diamagnetic flow guide body and the separating perforated field (TL) of the pole body wall parts (3; 3ʹ) serves as a second collecting chamber (SK2),
- And that the first collecting chamber (SK1) to one and the second collecting chamber (SK2) to the other of the at least two collecting lines (v₄ / 60 or v₅, v₆, 70) is connected. 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the polar body orifices (1') and -wandteile (3 ') of a separation hole field (TL) are each formed by a perforated plate-like fine structure and the field line thinning in the hole region local gradient fields (H2) results in which on Paramagnetic particles flowing in the direction of the hole axis (1.0) exert repulsive forces and attractive forces on correspondingly flowing diamagnetic particles, so that the core branch flow (d) flowing through the polar body orifices (1ʹ) is enriched with diamagnetic particles, whereas that in front of the polar body Mouths (1ʹ) flowing past branch stream (p) is depleted in diamagnetic particles or enriched in paramagnetic particles. 4. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the hole limiting edges (1, 1 ') are rounded on the inlet and on the downstream side. 5. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the polar body orifices (1) and wall parts (3) of a separating perforated field (TL) of a perforated sheet-like fine structure with hollow cone-shaped, projecting nozzles (PK) are formed in the perforated area and the field line compression In the region of the nozzle orifices there are local gradient fields (H1) which exert attractive and repulsive forces on paramagnetic particles flowing in the direction of the nozzle axis (1.0) and repulsive forces on diamagnetic particles flowing in accordingly, so that the core branch flow entering through the nozzles (PK) (p) enriched in paramagnetic particles, whereas the other or second branch stream (d) flowing past the nozzles is depleted in paramagnetic particles and enriched in diamagnetic particles. 6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the boundary edges (1.1) of the nozzle mouths (1) are rounded. 7. Device according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the feed openings (4) of the feed perforated plate (ZL) to the pole body mouths (1; 1ʹ) of the separating perforated field (TL) are arranged coaxially. 8. Device according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that a perforated sheet-like fine structure for the pole body mouths (1; 1ʹ) and wall parts (3; 3ʹ) of the flow guide matrix (PK / 3; PKʹ) each in pairs A mutually plane-parallel and congruent arrangement of the two paired perforated sheets (3 - 3 or 3ʹ - 3ʹ) is provided and that the space between the paired perforated sheets serves as a collecting chamber (SK1) of the first branch streams (p or d) and that outside the perforated sheets lying space adjacent to the feed hole fields (ZL) serves as a second collecting chamber (SK2) for the second branch flows (d or p). 9. Device according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the flow guide body for the feed perforated field (ZL) is a perforated sheet-like fine structure. 10. Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that a perforated plate-like fine structure for the feed perforated field (ZL) is provided in pairs with a plane-parallel spaced apart and congruent arrangement of the two paired perforated plates (5-5 or 5ʹ - 5ʹ) and that the space between the paired perforated plates serves as a feed zone (AO). 11. Device according to one of claims 8 or 10, characterized in that a plurality of similar separation modules (Mo 1), each consisting of a perforated plate pair (3 - 3 or 3ʹ - 3ʹ) for the flow guide Ma-trix (PK / 3 or PKʹ / 3ʹ) and one arranged on both sides of this perforated plate pair (5 or 5ʹ) perforated plate for the feed perforated fields (ZL), so stacked at intervals (a1) that through the adjacent perforated plates Infeed perforated fields (ZL) of the successive modules, the feed zones (AO) are formed. 12. Device according to one of claims 8 or 10, characterized in that a plurality of similar separation modules (Mo 2), each consisting of a perforated plate pair (5 - 5 or 5ʹ - 5ʹ) for the feed zones (AO) and one perforated plate arranged on both sides of this perforated plate pair for the separating perforated fields, are stacked at intervals (a2) such that through the adjacent perforated plates (3 or 3ʹ) of the separating perforated fields (TL) of the successive modules first collecting chambers (SK1) are formed. 13. Device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the outer periphery of the stacked separation modules is surrounded by a tube wall (7) to form a separation tube (TR). 14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the perforated fields or perforated plates (ZL, TL) have a circular plan. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the jacket (7) of the separating tube (TR) according to the number and arrangement of the modules contained in it (Mo 1 or Mo 2) is provided segment-wise with circumferential slots (8) :

First slots (8.1) for supplying the fluid flow to the feed zones (AO) of the modules from a feed line,

second slots (8, 2) for discharging the first branch flows (M or NM) collected in the first collecting chambers (SK1) of the modules to the first collecting line and

third slots (8.3) for removing the second branch flows (NM or, respectively, collected in the second collecting chambers (SK 2) of the modules M) to a second manifold. 16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that the first to third slots (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) are each distributed in a plurality of slot groups over the circumference of the separating tube (TR) in a hexagonal arrangement, the slots of each slot group lying one above the other and about 1 / 6 of the circumference of the separator tube. 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that according to the inflowing or outflowing amounts of fluid flow the first slots (8.1) are assigned three sector elbows distributed over the circumference of the separating tube and that of the remaining sector elbows the second slots (8.2) one sector arc piece and the third slots (8.3) two sector arc pieces are assigned. 18. Device according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that on the outer periphery of the separating tube (TR) in radially-axially extending planes bulkheads (9) are sealingly attached, which according to the hexagonal slot arrangement, an annulus volume on the outer periphery of the separating tube divide into six different line volumes (v₁ - v₆), three of which line volumes (v₁ - v₃) communicate with the first slots (8.1) and form feed lines,
a line volume (v₄) communicates with the second slots (8.2) and forms a first collecting line and two further line volumes (v₅, v₆) communicate with the third slots (8.3) and form second collecting lines. 19. Device according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that a plurality of separating tubes (TR) is combined in an axially parallel arrangement to form a separating tube field and together with a container (100) surrounding the separating tube field, which cover side has at least one ge common main feed line (11) and bottom and first and second main manifolds (60, 70), is combined to form a separating canister (TK) which is used by a high-performance solenoid (MM) to generate the high gradient magnetic field (H) is surrounded, the gusset alleys remaining free between the separating tubes (TR) arranged in a hexagonal grid being divided by the bulkhead walls (9) into feed or collecting lines (20) and the loaded fluid stream (A) the top-side main feed line (11) of a prechamber (12) of the canister and from this via a correspondingly perforated flow inlet plate (10) all feed lines (v₁ - v₃) are supplied in parallel, whereas on the bottom side of the canister two further, axially adjacent secondary switching chambers (13, 14) are provided, which communicate with the first or second manifolds (V₄ or v₅, v₆) via perforated flow diversion plates (30, 31) and into the first or second main S branch line (60 or 70) open. 20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that a plurality of separation canisters (TK) are connected to form a separator cascade,
wherein the collected second branch streams (NM 1) from a first canister (TK 1) can be fed as feed fluid stream (A2) to a second canister (TK 2), the collected first branch streams (M1) from the first canister (TK 1) third canister (TK 3) can be fed as feed fluid stream (A3), the collected second branch streams (NM 2) from the second canister and the collected first partial streams (M3) from the third canister can be used as waste stream or as useful stream and where finally, the collected first branch streams (M2) from the second canister (TK 2) and the collected second branch streams (NM 3) from the third canister (TK 3) are combined and as the feed fluid stream (A1) of the main feed line of the first canister ( TK 1) are fed again.

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