EP0236392A1 - Process for adjusting the width of the gap in a cone-type crusher or similar. - Google Patents

Process for adjusting the width of the gap in a cone-type crusher or similar.

Info

Publication number
EP0236392A1
EP0236392A1 EP86905285A EP86905285A EP0236392A1 EP 0236392 A1 EP0236392 A1 EP 0236392A1 EP 86905285 A EP86905285 A EP 86905285A EP 86905285 A EP86905285 A EP 86905285A EP 0236392 A1 EP0236392 A1 EP 0236392A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crushing
cone
reference position
approximation
crusher
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86905285A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0236392B1 (en
Inventor
Hermann Schrodl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fried Krupp AG
Original Assignee
Fried Krupp AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fried Krupp AG filed Critical Fried Krupp AG
Publication of EP0236392A1 publication Critical patent/EP0236392A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0236392B1 publication Critical patent/EP0236392B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2/00Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers
    • B02C2/02Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved
    • B02C2/04Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis
    • B02C2/047Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis and with head adjusting or controlling mechanisms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2/00Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers
    • B02C2/02Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved
    • B02C2/04Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis
    • B02C2/06Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis and with top bearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C25/00Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for setting the gap width of a cone crusher or the like with a wobbling revolving cone that is height-adjustable with respect to a crushing jacket and is moved into a reference position by approaching the crushing jacket, from which the path corresponding to a predetermined gap width starts - Piece is determined by which the crushing cone is distant from the reference position after moving into its working position, the approach to the crushing jacket being detected by a movement measurement and the respective crushing cone position being determined by means of a path measurement.
  • the gap width i.e. the width of the crushing gap between the stationary crushing jacket and the concentric cone located in the interior of this crushing jacket and tumbling during operation is of crucial importance for the crushing effect and performance of a cone crusher or a similar type of crushers: With a smaller crushing gap, the crushing material is comminuted more finely than with a larger crushing gap. As a result of the wear on the crushing cone and crushing jacket occurring during operation, the width of the crushing gap changes, with the result that the crushed product gradually has an increasingly coarse grain. This undesirable development must be taken into account in that the
  • the gap width is set again at least from time to time to a predetermined value.
  • the inclination of the axis of the crushing cone means that, with corresponding transition areas, it has a minimum and a maximum distance from the stationary crushing jacket; the point forming the small bar distance is the width of the crushing gap.
  • Crushing cone is brought away from the crushing jacket. Reaching the reference position is determined by a pressure sensor which is built into the circuit of the hydraulic slide drive for the crushing cone; the distance covered in the working position during the opening movement is determined by measuring a volume of liquid displaced by the opening movement.
  • the width of the crushing gap and the extent of wear can be determined using an inductive displacement measurement; this is carried out by means of a measuring piston engaging more or less far into a coil.
  • the known method can also be carried out automatically according to a predetermined program either after the crushing cone has been stopped or less frequently.
  • a method for detecting and regulating the gap width of a cone crusher by electrical means is also known, for example, from German Offenlegungsschrift 20 51 398.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method (and the components required for its implementation) by means of which the accuracy in setting the width of the crushing gap is improved.
  • the method should be such that, if possible, different signs of wear on the crushing cone and / or crushing jacket are also taken into account when setting the gap.
  • the stated object is achieved by a method which at least essentially has the features of claim 1.
  • the idea of the solution on which the invention is based consists in that, with the refractive cone rotating, several successive approximation cycles (each consisting of the refractive cone approaching the crushing jacket and subsequent opening movement away from the crushing jacket) and the approximation values obtained in each approach cycle for formation to use a reference value that defines the reference position, from which the position of the refractive cone is determined, which the latter should assume in the working position with regard to a desired gap width.
  • the approximation processes taking place within the framework of the approximation cycles can either be carried out in such a way that the revolving crushing cone comes into contact with the crushing jacket for a short time or briefly (in particular over a layer of test material; cf. claim 9) in a small, reproducible distance from the crushing jacket is kept;
  • the determination of the reference position according to the invention can therefore be based on the fact that either a brief touch (when the "zero" Gap width ”) or near contact (when the" almost zero gap width "is reached) between the crushing cone and the crushing jacket.” Movement measurement "in the sense of the method according to the invention (cf.
  • the preamble of claim 1) to understand a measuring or scanning method or the like which reveals whether the crushing cone has in each case completed its approaching process within the predetermined number of approaching cycles, that is (if there is no fault) at the crushing jacket or near the crushing jacket to a standstill
  • the acquisition of the process-relevant variables and the control of the associated components (drives, valves) is expediently carried out via a control unit, in which a computer equipped with sufficient storage capacity is integrated.
  • the completion of the approach of the crushing cone directly to the crushing jacket or indirectly to it via a test material layer can - in particular inductively - via a speed measurement (claim 2) and / or a pressure measurement claim 3) - for example in the printing network a hydraulic shift drive for the crushing cone - be detected;
  • the respective position of the crushing cone with respect to the stationary crushing material can be determined, for example, using the known displacement measuring methods mentioned at the beginning.
  • the method is preferably designed in such a way that an average value is formed from the associated approximate values, which is the Represents reference value (claim 4); the reference value can in particular be calculated from the arithmetic or the quadratic mean of the associated approximate values.
  • the method according to the invention can also be carried out in such a way that a certain approximation value is selected from the related approximation values as the reference value, specifically the one which has the greatest shift in the direction of the crushing ice in the direction determined in the context of the approximation cycles indicates on the crushing jacket (claim 5).
  • the crushing cone is moved into a predetermined opening position, which deviates from the reference position (claim 6), at least after the end of each approximation cycle - possibly also before the first approximation cycle;
  • the distance between the open position and the reference position can be kept constant (claim 7); This can be done, for example, by adapting the position of the open position to the change determined after determining the reference position. If the changing values for the position of the opening position or the reference position are stored and made recognizable in the form of a curve, the development of the wear in the associated time period (to which the can be assigned to individual positions) and also provide an indication of future wear development.
  • the method can be designed in a favorable manner by comparing the stored opening position values or reference position values with a predetermined limit value; reaching this limit value serves - for example as an optical or acoustic - indication that the wearing parts of the cone crusher (crushing jacket, crushing cone) have to be replaced.
  • the setting process runs in such a way that the supply of the crushing material into the cone crusher is first interrupted before the approximation cycles for determining the reference position in question run automatically with a sufficient time delay.
  • the approach cycles and the subsequent shifting of the crushing cone into the operating position are preferably triggered automatically at preselectable time intervals, the first approach cycle starting with a time delay in order to interrupt the supply of crushing material (claim 8).
  • the storage of the reference positions or the opening positions respectively adapted to them is also advantageous insofar as comparison with the stored position values (for example caused by foreign bodies) Incorrect measurements can be found and suppressed as unusable.
  • the approaching processes always assume a constant, known opening position, it can also be checked on the basis of time measurements running in parallel whether the crushing cone has traveled at least a previously known distance to a standstill.
  • the determination of the reference position can also take place in such a way that the crushing cone is only moved into the vicinity of the crushing jacket in the course of the approximation cycles.
  • the individual approximation processes come to a conclusion as soon as the revolving crushing cone is supported on the crushing jacket by a layer of test material with known grain size - that is, only indirectly.
  • the layer involved in the formation of the reference position can be produced by introducing a sufficient amount of test material into the crushing gap instead of the crushing material, at least during the approximation processes (claim 9).
  • the process variant in question is advantageous in that the determination of the reference position takes place without contact between the rotating crushing cone and the stationary crushing jacket.
  • the housing of the cone crusher 1, on which the method according to the invention is used, is set are composed of an upper housing part 2a with a feed opening 2b and an outlet opening 2c, a subsequent, only partially illustrated housing middle part 2d and a lower housing part 2e with an upward thrust bearing 2f.
  • a crushing cone 3 is held rotatably and vertically adjustable within the housing, the exchangeable cone shell 3a of which forms a crushing gap 5 with a frustoconical crushing shell 4 which is exchangeably fastened to the upper housing part 2a.
  • the crushing cone 3 is immovably supported on a shaft 7 by means of a fastening ring 6, which in turn is supported by a pendulum bearing 8 on the upper housing part 2a, by a radial bearing 9 in the form of a rotating drive housing on the middle housing part 2d and by means of its downward direction End face 7a on the height-adjustable piston 10a of a stationary hydraulic cylinder 10.
  • the drive housing 9 which is equipped with a ring gear, rests on the axial bearing 2f and is connected to the pinion 12a of a three-phase motor 12 via a drive element in the form of a toothed belt 11. Due to the eccentric support of the shaft 7 in the drive housing 9, when the three-phase motor 12 is put into operation, the crushing cone 3 performs a wobbling movement within the crushing shell 4, the narrowest point between the parts 3a and 4 - the crushing gap 5 - rotating with respect to the crushing shell 4.
  • the feed opening 2b is preceded by a conveyor unit 13 which consists of a hopper 13a, a conveyor driven by a conveyor motor 13b. derschnecke 13c and a in the feed opening 2b opening conveyor trough 13d.
  • the conveyor motor 13b is connected via a control line 14 to a control unit 15, in which a computer 15a with sufficient storage capacity is integrated and which has a time control unit 15b for monitoring and controlling procedural steps in terms of time.
  • the energy network for the hydraulic cylinder 10 consists of a motor-driven hydraulic pump 16, two remote-controlled valves 17 and 18, which are installed in the pressure line 19 or return line 20 of the hydraulic cylinder 10, and an oil tank 21, in which the lines 19 and 20 and the return line 17a of the valve 17 open.
  • a pressure sensor 22 is connected upstream of the valve 17 in the direction of the hydraulic cylinder 10 and is connected to the control unit 15 via a measuring line 23.
  • Components 16 to 18 are also connected to control unit 15 via control lines 24, 25 and 26, respectively.
  • the respective position of the crushing cone 3 with respect to the stationary environment is detected by means of a displacement measuring unit which consists of a measuring part 27a attached to the shaft 7 and a stationary displacement measuring sensor 27b which is connected to the control device 15 via a measuring line 28 .
  • a current measuring device 29 is assigned to the drive mentioned, the measured values of which are fed into the Control unit 15 can be entered and processed there.
  • Certain data stored in the computer 15a can, if necessary, be made visible by means of a screen 31 connected to the control device 15.
  • the control device has a manual switch 32.
  • the conveyor motor 13b is first stopped via the control unit 15 and the control line 14 and the supply of crushing material into the area of the feed opening 2b of the cone crusher 1 is interrupted, while the crushing cone 3 continues to tumble and the crushing material still present is crushed.
  • the measured value corresponding to the working position of the crushing cone 3 and detected by the displacement sensor 27b has already been stored in the memory 15a during the previous setting of the crushing cone in the current working position.
  • the crushing cone 3 into a through the memory is, with a predetermined, adjustable time delay for actuating the manual switch 32 by closing the valve 17 and opening the valve 18 15a predetermined opening position lowered; the time delay is chosen so that the cone crusher 1 with sufficient security in the area of the components 3 and 4 no crushing material contains more, so it is empty.
  • the crushing cone is briefly brought into contact with the crushing jacket 4 by suitable switching of the hydraulic pump 16 and the valves 17 and 18 in several successive approximation cycles and then returned to the predetermined opening position.
  • the approximate values corresponding to the system on the crushing cone 4 are each detected by the displacement sensor 27b and stored in the computer 15a.
  • the arithmetic mean value is formed from the determined approximation values, which represents the reference value that defines the reference position of the crushing cone and that is also stored.
  • Gap distance corresponding distance determined by which the crushing cone must be located from the reference position is in turn - monitored by the displacement sensor 27b - effected by suitable adjustment of the piston 10a, which is locked in the position assumed after reaching the working position.
  • the distance measurement corresponding to the working position is also saved.
  • the approach of the crushing cone to the crushing jacket 4 is determined when the valve 18 is closed via the pressure sensor 22, which causes the pressure increase occurring in the energy network of the hydraulic cylinder 10 via the measuring line 23 into the control unit 15 inputs; this then, by suitable actuation of the valves 17 and 18, causes the crushing cone to return to the opening position already mentioned.
  • the time control unit 15b can be used to assign the stored values for the reference position and / or the working position to the associated time intervals. In this way it is possible, for example, to display the stored values for the working position of the crushing cone, plotted over time, on the screen 31 and to obtain a statement about the wear that has previously occurred on the components 3a and 4 .
  • the timing control unit 15b can also be used in cooperation with the distance measuring parts 27a, 27b to monitor the approaching processes during the approaching cycles. Insofar as there is no incorrect measurement, the crushing cone can only touch the crushing jacket 4 when the approximation process has ended, that is to say the distance measurement value detected by the displacement sensor 27b no longer changes with the time specified by the time unit 15b. By means of the interaction of the components 27a, b and 15b, erroneous measurements can be ruled out if it is checked at the same time by comparison with already stored approximate values whether the crushing cone has covered a minimum distance in the direction of the crushing jacket 4.
  • the checking and setting of the gap width under the action of the time unit 15b can also be automated. triggered and carried out table.
  • the time unit can be set so that it triggers the method according to the invention automatically once a day.
  • the method according to the invention can in particular also be designed in such a way that, in addition to or instead of the pressure measurement by means of the pressure sensor 23, an inductive measurement method is used, as is known, for example, from the aforementioned German published application.
  • an inductive measurement method is used, as is known, for example, from the aforementioned German published application.
  • the displacement of the crushing cone into a predetermined working position can, however, also be carried out on the basis of a reference position in which the tumbling revolving crushing cone 3 only almost touches the crushing jacket 4.
  • test material with known grain size is introduced into the feed opening 2b at least during the approach cycles of the cone crusher 1 after the approach cycles.
  • the test material forms a layer in the gap area, over which the crushing cone is only supported indirectly on the crushing jacket after completion of the approach processes. This procedure is associated with additional effort; however, it has the advantage that a reference position of the crushing cone 3 can be determined via reference values without the latter having to touch the crushing jacket 4 during the successive approximation cycles.
  • the position of the opening position is adapted to the changing reference position and the associated values are saved, a comparison can be made of the stored values with a limit value for the opening position to determine the extent of wear or whether the interacting wear parts 3a are replaced and 4 is required.
  • the main advantage of the method according to the invention lies in the fact that the reference value, from which a predetermined working position of the crushing cone is controlled, is determined over several approximation cycles which represent tactile operations, specifically with the revolving crushing cone. Since several reference values are determined in chronological succession, non-uniform wear of the two interacting wear parts is also included in the reference value and thus influences the setting of the width of the crushing gap.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP86/00519 Sec. 371 Date May 11, 1987 Sec. 102(e) Date May 11, 1987 PCT Filed Sep. 9, 1986 PCT Pub. No. WO87/01305 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 12, 1987.A method and apparatus for adjusting the gap width between a rotatable crusher cone and a crusher housing includes determining a reference position of the crusher cone relative to the crusher housing, storing a first quantity representative of the reference position, rotating the crusher cone, moving the crusher cone to the reference position, moving the crusher cone from the reference position toward the crusher housing until a limit is reached and measuring the distance of the crusher cone from the reference position, storing a second quantity representative of the distance, repeating the preceding three steps a plurality of times while separately storing each of the second quantities, obtaining a new reference position based on each of the second quantities, and determining an operating position of the cone crusher based on the new reference position. The apparatus includes a control device, a memory, a position detecting device for detecting the position of the crusher cone, and an apparatus for detecting whether the crusher cone is moving.

Description

Verfahren zur Einstellung der Spaltweite eines Ke¬ gelbrechers oder dergleichenMethod for setting the gap width of a keel calculator or the like
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Einstel¬ lung der Spaltweite eines Kegelbrechers oder der- gleichen mit taumelnd umlaufendem, bezüglich eines Brechmantels höhenverstellbarem Brechkegel, der durch Annäherung an den Brechmantel in eine Bezugs¬ stellung verfahren wird, von der ausgehend das einer vorgegebenen Spaltweite entsprechende Weg- stück festgelegt wird, um welches der Brechkegel nach Bewegen in seine Arbeitsstellung von der Be¬ zugsstellung entfernt liegt, wobei die Annäherung an den Brechmantel über eine Bewegungsmessung er¬ faßt und die jeweilige Brechkegel-Lage über eine Wegmessung ermittelt wird.The invention relates to a method for setting the gap width of a cone crusher or the like with a wobbling revolving cone that is height-adjustable with respect to a crushing jacket and is moved into a reference position by approaching the crushing jacket, from which the path corresponding to a predetermined gap width starts - Piece is determined by which the crushing cone is distant from the reference position after moving into its working position, the approach to the crushing jacket being detected by a movement measurement and the respective crushing cone position being determined by means of a path measurement.
Die Spaltweite, d.h. die Weite des Brechspalts zwi¬ schen dem ortsfesten Brechmantel und dem etwa kon¬ zentrisch im Inneren dieses Brechmantels befindli¬ chen, im Betrieb taumelnd umlaufenden Brechkegel ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Zerkleine¬ rungswirkung und -leistung eines Kegelbrechers bzw. eines Brechers ähnlicher Bauart: Bei kleinerem Brechspalt wird das Brechmaterial feiner zerklei¬ nert als bei größerem Brechspalt. Infolge des während des Betriebes auftretenden Ver¬ schleißes am Brechkegel und Brechmantel ändert sich die Weite des Brechspalts mit der Folge, daß das Brecherzeugnis nach und nach eine immer gröbere Körnung aufweist. Dieser unerwünschten Entwicklung muß dadurch Rechnung getragen werden, daß dieThe gap width, i.e. the width of the crushing gap between the stationary crushing jacket and the concentric cone located in the interior of this crushing jacket and tumbling during operation is of crucial importance for the crushing effect and performance of a cone crusher or a similar type of crushers: With a smaller crushing gap, the crushing material is comminuted more finely than with a larger crushing gap. As a result of the wear on the crushing cone and crushing jacket occurring during operation, the width of the crushing gap changes, with the result that the crushed product gradually has an increasingly coarse grain. This undesirable development must be taken into account in that the
Spaltweite zumindest von Zeit zu Zeit erneut auf einen vorgegebenen Wert eingestellt wird. Die Neigung der Achse des Brechkegels hat zur Fol¬ ge, daß dieser mit entsprechenden Übergangsberei¬ chen von dem ortsfesten Brechmantel einen Kleiπst- und einen Größtabstand aufweist; die den Kleinstab- stand bildende Stelle gilt dabei als Weite des Brechspalts.The gap width is set again at least from time to time to a predetermined value. The inclination of the axis of the crushing cone means that, with corresponding transition areas, it has a minimum and a maximum distance from the stationary crushing jacket; the point forming the small bar distance is the width of the crushing gap.
Bei einem bekannten gattungsgemäßen Verfahren - be¬ schrieben in der britischen Patentschrift 1 080 085 - wird die Spaltweite bei stillstehendem Brechkegel über eine Bewegungsmessung in Form einer Druckmessung und über eine Wegmessung dadurch eingestellt, daß der Brechkegel zunächst bis zur Anlage am Brechmaπ- tel an diesen angenähert und ausgehend von der da¬ bei gewonnenen Bezugsstellung eine der vorgege- benen Spaltweite entsprechende Verschiebung desIn a known generic method - described in British Patent 1,080,085 - the gap width when the crushing cone is at a standstill is adjusted by means of a movement measurement in the form of a pressure measurement and by means of a path measurement in such a way that the crushing cone initially touches the crushing material Approximately and based on the reference position obtained, a displacement of the
Brechkegels vom Brechmantel weg herbeigeführt wird. Das Erreichen der Bezugsstellung wird über einen Druckfühler festgestellt, welcher in den Kreislauf des hydraulischen Verschiebeantriebs für den Brech- kegel eingebaut ist; das bei der Öffnungsbewegung in die Arbeitsstellung zurückgelegte Wegstück wird dabei über die Messung eines mit der Öffπungsbewe- guπg verdrängten Flüssigkeitsvolumens ermittelt. Die Weite des Brechspalts und der Verschleißumfang lassen sich über eine induktive Wegmessung erfassen; diese wird mittels eines mehr oder weniger weit in eine Spule eingreifenden Meßkolbens ausgeführt. Das bekannte Verfahren kann auch nach einem vorge¬ gebenen Programm automatisch entweder nach jedem Stillsetzen des Brechkegels oder weniger häufig ausgeführt werden.Crushing cone is brought away from the crushing jacket. Reaching the reference position is determined by a pressure sensor which is built into the circuit of the hydraulic slide drive for the crushing cone; the distance covered in the working position during the opening movement is determined by measuring a volume of liquid displaced by the opening movement. The width of the crushing gap and the extent of wear can be determined using an inductive displacement measurement; this is carried out by means of a measuring piston engaging more or less far into a coil. The known method can also be carried out automatically according to a predetermined program either after the crushing cone has been stopped or less frequently.
Ein Verfahren zur Erfassung und Regelung der Spalt¬ weite eines Kegelbrechers auf elektrischem Wege ist beispielsweise auch aus der deutschen Offenlegungs- schrift 20 51 398 vorbekannt. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Ver¬ fahren (und die zu seiner Ausführung erforderlichen Bestandteile) anzugeben, durch welches die Genauig¬ keit bei der Einstellung der Weite des Brechspalts verbessert wird. Das Verfahren soll insbesondere so beschaffen sein, daß nach Möglichkeit auch unter¬ schiedliche Verschleißerscheinungen am Brechkegel und/oder Brechmantel bei der Spalteinstellung mit berücksichtigt werden.A method for detecting and regulating the gap width of a cone crusher by electrical means is also known, for example, from German Offenlegungsschrift 20 51 398. The invention is based on the object of specifying a method (and the components required for its implementation) by means of which the accuracy in setting the width of the crushing gap is improved. In particular, the method should be such that, if possible, different signs of wear on the crushing cone and / or crushing jacket are also taken into account when setting the gap.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren ge¬ löst, welches zumindest im wesentlichen die Merk¬ male des Anspruchs 1 aufweist. Der der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Lösungsgedanke besteht danach darin, bei umlaufendem Brechkegel nacheinander je- weils mehrere Annäheruπgszykleπ (bestehend jeweils aus Annäherung des Brechkegels an den Brechmantel und sich anschließender Öffnungsbewegung vom Brech¬ mantel weg) auszuführen und die bei jedem Annähe¬ rungszyklus gewonnenen Annäherungswerte zur Bildung eines die Bezugsstelluπg festlegenden Bezugswertes heranzuziehen, von dem ausgehend die Lage des Brechkegels festgelegt wird, die dieser mit Rück¬ sicht auf eine gewünschte Spaltweite in der Ar¬ beitsstellung einnehmen soll. Die im Rahmen der Annäherungszyklen ablaufenden An- näheruπgsvorgänge können dabei entweder so ausge¬ führt werden, daß der umlaufende Brechkegel allen¬ falls kurzzeitig am Brechmantel zur Anlage kommt oder kurzzeitig (insbesondere über eine Schicht aus Prüfmaterial; vgl. Anspruch 9) in einem geringen, reproduzierbaren Abstand vom Brechmantel gehalten wird; die Ermittlung der Bezugsstellung kann erfin¬ dungsgemäß also darauf beruhen, daß entweder eine kurzzeitige Berührung (bei Erreichen der "Null- Spaltweite") oder Beinahe-Berührung (bei Erreichen der "Beinahe-Null-Spaltweite") zwischen Brechkegel und Brechmantel herbeigeführt wird. Unter "Beweguπgsmessung" im Sinne des erfindungsge- mäßen Verfahrens (vgl. den Oberbegriff des An¬ spruchs 1) ist dabei ein Meß- bzw. Abtastverfahren oder dergleichen zu verstehen, welches erkennbar werden läßt, ob der Brechkegel jeweils seinen An¬ näherungsvorgang im Rahmen der vorgegebenen Anzahl Annäherungszyklen abgeschlossen hat, also (sofern keine Störung vorliegt) am Brechmantel oder in der Nähe des Brechmantels zum Stillstand gekommen ist. Die Erfassung der verfahrenswesentlichen Größen und die Steuerung der zugehörigen Bestandteile (Antrie¬ be, Ventile) erfolgt zweckmäßig über eine Steuer¬ einheit, in welche ein mit ausreichender Spei¬ cherkapazität ausgestatteter Rechner integriert ist.The stated object is achieved by a method which at least essentially has the features of claim 1. The idea of the solution on which the invention is based consists in that, with the refractive cone rotating, several successive approximation cycles (each consisting of the refractive cone approaching the crushing jacket and subsequent opening movement away from the crushing jacket) and the approximation values obtained in each approach cycle for formation to use a reference value that defines the reference position, from which the position of the refractive cone is determined, which the latter should assume in the working position with regard to a desired gap width. The approximation processes taking place within the framework of the approximation cycles can either be carried out in such a way that the revolving crushing cone comes into contact with the crushing jacket for a short time or briefly (in particular over a layer of test material; cf. claim 9) in a small, reproducible distance from the crushing jacket is kept; The determination of the reference position according to the invention can therefore be based on the fact that either a brief touch (when the "zero" Gap width ") or near contact (when the" almost zero gap width "is reached) between the crushing cone and the crushing jacket." Movement measurement "in the sense of the method according to the invention (cf. the preamble of claim 1) to understand a measuring or scanning method or the like which reveals whether the crushing cone has in each case completed its approaching process within the predetermined number of approaching cycles, that is (if there is no fault) at the crushing jacket or near the crushing jacket to a standstill The acquisition of the process-relevant variables and the control of the associated components (drives, valves) is expediently carried out via a control unit, in which a computer equipped with sufficient storage capacity is integrated.
Der Abschluß der Annäherung des Brechkegels unmit¬ telbar an den Brechmantel oder mittelbar an diesen über eine Prüfmaterial-Schicht kann - insbesondere auf induktivem Wege - über eine Geschwindigkeitsmes¬ sung (Anspruch 2) und/oder über eine Druckmessung Anspruch 3) - beispielsweise im Drucknetz eines hy¬ draulischen Verschiebeantriebs für den Brechkegel - erfaßt werden; die jeweilige Lage des Brechkegels bezüglich des ortsfesten Brechmaπtels läßt sich beispielsweise über die eingangs erwähnten, be- kannten Wegmeßverfahren feststellen.The completion of the approach of the crushing cone directly to the crushing jacket or indirectly to it via a test material layer can - in particular inductively - via a speed measurement (claim 2) and / or a pressure measurement claim 3) - for example in the printing network a hydraulic shift drive for the crushing cone - be detected; The respective position of the crushing cone with respect to the stationary crushing material can be determined, for example, using the known displacement measuring methods mentioned at the beginning.
Vorzugsweise ist das Verfahren in der Weise ausge¬ staltet, daß aus den zusammengehörigen Annäherungs¬ werten ein Mittelwert gebildet wird, welcher den Bezugswert darstellt (Anspruch 4) ; der Bezugswert kann dabei insbesondere aus dem arithmetischen oder dem quadratischen Mittel der zusammengehörigen An¬ näherungswerte berechnet werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann jedoch auch in der Weise ausgeführt werden, daß aus den zusammen¬ gehörigen Annäherungswerten als Bezugswert ein be¬ stimmter Annäherungswert ausgewählt wird, und zwar derjenige, welcher die weiteste im Rahmen der An- näherungszyklen ermittelte Verschiebung des Brech- kegeis in Richtung auf den Brechmantel anzeigt (An¬ spruch 5) .The method is preferably designed in such a way that an average value is formed from the associated approximate values, which is the Represents reference value (claim 4); the reference value can in particular be calculated from the arithmetic or the quadratic mean of the associated approximate values. However, the method according to the invention can also be carried out in such a way that a certain approximation value is selected from the related approximation values as the reference value, specifically the one which has the greatest shift in the direction of the crushing ice in the direction determined in the context of the approximation cycles indicates on the crushing jacket (claim 5).
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des Verfah¬ rens wird der Brechkegel zumindest nach Abschluß jedes Anπäherungszyklus - ggf. auch vor dem ersten Annäherungszyklus - in eine vorgegebene Öffnungs¬ stellung verfahren, die von der Bezugsstellung ab¬ weicht (Anspruch 6); der Vorteil dieser Vorgehens¬ weise ist darin zu sehen, daß jeder Annäherungszy- klus - d.h. die Annäherung des Brechkegels an denIn an advantageous embodiment of the method, the crushing cone is moved into a predetermined opening position, which deviates from the reference position (claim 6), at least after the end of each approximation cycle - possibly also before the first approximation cycle; The advantage of this procedure is that each approximation cycle - i.e. the approach of the crushing cone to the
Brechmantel und die sich anschließende Rückstellung in die vorgegebene Öffnungsstellung - unter gleich¬ artigen Bedingungen abläuft. Zusätzlich kann erforderlichenfalls der Abstand zwischen der Öffnungsstellung und der Bezugsstel¬ lung konstant gehalten werden (Anspruch 7) ; dies kann beispielsweise dadurch geschehen, daß die Lage der Öffnungsstellung nach Ermittlung der Bezugs- stelluπg an die dabei festgestellte Änderung ange- paßt wird. Falls man die sich ändernden Werte für die Lage der Öffnungsstellung bzw. der Bezugsstel¬ lung speichert und in Form einer Kurve erkennbar macht, läßt sich daraus die Entwicklung des Ver¬ schleißes in dem zugehörigen Zeitabschnitt (dem die einzelnen Stellungen zuzuordnen sind) ablesen und auch ein Anhaltspunkt für die zukünftige Ver¬ schleißentwicklung gewinnen.Crushing jacket and the subsequent return to the specified opening position - takes place under similar conditions. In addition, if necessary, the distance between the open position and the reference position can be kept constant (claim 7); This can be done, for example, by adapting the position of the open position to the change determined after determining the reference position. If the changing values for the position of the opening position or the reference position are stored and made recognizable in the form of a curve, the development of the wear in the associated time period (to which the can be assigned to individual positions) and also provide an indication of future wear development.
Das Verfahren kann in diesem Zusammenhang dadurch in günstiger Weise ausgestaltet werden, daß die gespei¬ cherten Öffnungsstellungswerte oder Bezugsstel¬ lungswerte mit einem vorgegebenen Grenzwert vergli¬ chen werden; das Erreichen dieses Grenzwertes dient - beispielsweise als optisches oder akustisches - Anzeichen dafür, daß die Verschleißteile des Kegel¬ brechers (Brechmantel, Brechkegel) ausgewechselt werden müssen.In this context, the method can be designed in a favorable manner by comparing the stored opening position values or reference position values with a predetermined limit value; reaching this limit value serves - for example as an optical or acoustic - indication that the wearing parts of the cone crusher (crushing jacket, crushing cone) have to be replaced.
Für eine Reihe von Anwendungsfällen ist es bereits ausreichend, die Überprüfung und Einstellung der Spaltweite nach Leerfahren des Kegelbrechers zu einem geeignet erscheinenden Zeitpunkt von Hand auszulösen. Das Einstellverfahren läuft dabei in der Weise ab, daß zunächst die Zufuhr des Brechma¬ terials in den Kegelbrecher unterbrochen wird, be- vor mit ausreichender zeitlicher Verzögerung selbsttätig die Annäheruπgszyklen zur Ermittlung der in Frage kommenden Bezugsstellung ablaufen. Vorzugsweise werden die Annäherungszyklen und die sich anschließende Verschiebung des Brechkegels in die Betriebsstellung in vorwählbaren Zeitabständen automatisch ausgelöst, wobei der erste Annäherungs¬ zyklus zeitlich verzögert zur Unterbrechung der Brechmaterial-Zufuhr einsetzt (Anspruch 8) .For a number of applications, it is sufficient to manually check and adjust the gap width after the cone crusher has been emptied at an appropriate time. The setting process runs in such a way that the supply of the crushing material into the cone crusher is first interrupted before the approximation cycles for determining the reference position in question run automatically with a sufficient time delay. The approach cycles and the subsequent shifting of the crushing cone into the operating position are preferably triggered automatically at preselectable time intervals, the first approach cycle starting with a time delay in order to interrupt the supply of crushing material (claim 8).
Die bereits erwähnte Speicherung der Bezugsstellun- gen bzw. der jeweils an diese angepaßten Öffnungs¬ stellungen ist auch insofern von Vorteil, als durch Vergleich mit den gespeicherten Stellungswerten (beispielsweise durch Fremdkörper hervorgerufene) Fehlmessungen aufgefunden und als nicht verwertbar unterdrückt werden können.The storage of the reference positions or the opening positions respectively adapted to them is also advantageous insofar as comparison with the stored position values (for example caused by foreign bodies) Incorrect measurements can be found and suppressed as unusable.
Falls die Annäherungsvorgänge stets von einer gleichbleibenden, bekannten Öffnungsstellung aus- gehen, kann auch anhand parallel verlaufender Zeit¬ messungen überprüft werden, ob der Brechkegel bis zum Stillstand zumindest eine bis dahin bekannte Wegstrecke zurückgelegt hat.If the approaching processes always assume a constant, known opening position, it can also be checked on the basis of time measurements running in parallel whether the crushing cone has traveled at least a previously known distance to a standstill.
Die Ermittlung der Bezugsstellung kann auch in der Weise vor sich gehen, daß der Brechkegel im Verlau¬ fe der Annäherungszyklen lediglich bis in die Nähe des Brechmantels verfahren wird. Die einzelnen An¬ näherungsvorgänge kommen dabei zum Abschluß, so¬ bald der umlaufende Brechkegel sich über eine Schicht aus Prüfmaterial mit bekannter Körnung - also nur mittelbar - an dem Brechmantel ab¬ stützt. Die bei der Bildung der Bezugsstellung mitwirkende Schicht läßt sich dabei dadurch her¬ stellen, daß an Stelle des Brechmaterials zumiπ- dest während der Anπäherungsvorgänge Prüfmaterial in ausreichender Menge in den Brechspalt eingelei¬ tet wird (Anspruch 9). Die in Rede stehende Verfah¬ rensvariante ist insofern von Vorteil, als die Er¬ mittlung der Bezugsstellung ohne Berührung zwi- sehen dem umlaufenden Brechkegel und dem orts¬ festen Brechmantel stattfindet.The determination of the reference position can also take place in such a way that the crushing cone is only moved into the vicinity of the crushing jacket in the course of the approximation cycles. The individual approximation processes come to a conclusion as soon as the revolving crushing cone is supported on the crushing jacket by a layer of test material with known grain size - that is, only indirectly. The layer involved in the formation of the reference position can be produced by introducing a sufficient amount of test material into the crushing gap instead of the crushing material, at least during the approximation processes (claim 9). The process variant in question is advantageous in that the determination of the reference position takes place without contact between the rotating crushing cone and the stationary crushing jacket.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung im einzelnen erläutert, in welcher stark schematisiert ein Kegelbrecher mit verfah- renswesentlichen Bestandteilen dargestellt ist.The invention is explained in detail below with reference to the drawing, in which a cone crusher with process-essential components is shown in a highly schematic manner.
Das Gehäuse des Kegelbrechers 1, an dem das erfin¬ dungsgemäße Verfahren zur Anwendung kommt, setzt sich zusammen aus einem Gehäuseoberteil 2a mit einer Zuführöffnung 2b und einer Auslauföffnung 2c, einem sich anschließenden, nur teilweise darge¬ stellten Gehäusemittelteil 2d und einem Gehäuse- unterteil 2e mit einem nach oben gerichteten Axial¬ lager 2f.The housing of the cone crusher 1, on which the method according to the invention is used, is set are composed of an upper housing part 2a with a feed opening 2b and an outlet opening 2c, a subsequent, only partially illustrated housing middle part 2d and a lower housing part 2e with an upward thrust bearing 2f.
Innerhalb des Gehäuses ist drehbar und höhenver¬ stellbar ein Brechkegel 3 gehalten, dessen auswech¬ selbarer Kegelmantel 3a mit einem am Gehäuseober- teil 2a auswechselbar befestigten, kegelstumpfför- migen Brechmantel 4 einen Brechspalt 5 bildet. Der Brechkegel 3 stützt sich über einen Befesti¬ gungsring 6 unbeweglich an einer Welle 7 ab, die ihrerseits über ein Pendellager 8 am Gehäuseober- teil 2a, über ein Radiallager 9 in Form eines um¬ laufenden Antriebsgehäuses am Gehäusemittelteil 2d und über ihre nach unten gerichtete Stirnfläche 7a an dem höhenverstellbaren Kolben 10a eines orts¬ festen Hydraulikzylinders 10 ab. Das mit einem Zahnkranz ausgestattete Antriebsgehäuse 9 liegt auf dem Axiallager 2f auf und steht über ein Antriebselement in Form eines Zahnriemens 11 mit dem Ritzel 12a eines Drehstrommotors 12 in Ver¬ bindung. Bedingt durch die exzentrische Abstützung der Welle 7 im Antriebsgehäuse 9 führt der Brechkegel 3 bei in Betriebnahme des Drehstrommotors 12 innerhalb des Brechmaπtels 4 eine Taumelbewegung aus, wobei die engste Stelle zwischen den Teilen 3a und 4 - der Brechspalt 5 - bezüglich des Brechmantels 4 umläuft.A crushing cone 3 is held rotatably and vertically adjustable within the housing, the exchangeable cone shell 3a of which forms a crushing gap 5 with a frustoconical crushing shell 4 which is exchangeably fastened to the upper housing part 2a. The crushing cone 3 is immovably supported on a shaft 7 by means of a fastening ring 6, which in turn is supported by a pendulum bearing 8 on the upper housing part 2a, by a radial bearing 9 in the form of a rotating drive housing on the middle housing part 2d and by means of its downward direction End face 7a on the height-adjustable piston 10a of a stationary hydraulic cylinder 10. The drive housing 9, which is equipped with a ring gear, rests on the axial bearing 2f and is connected to the pinion 12a of a three-phase motor 12 via a drive element in the form of a toothed belt 11. Due to the eccentric support of the shaft 7 in the drive housing 9, when the three-phase motor 12 is put into operation, the crushing cone 3 performs a wobbling movement within the crushing shell 4, the narrowest point between the parts 3a and 4 - the crushing gap 5 - rotating with respect to the crushing shell 4.
Der Zuführöffπung 2b ist eine Fördereinheit 13 vorgelagert, die aus einem Fülltrichter 13a, einer mittels eines Fördermotors 13b angetriebenen För- derschnecke 13c und einer in die Zuführöffnung 2b einmündenden Förderrinne 13d besteht. Der Förder¬ motor 13b steht über eine Steuerleitung 14 mit einem Steuergerät 15 in Verbindung, in das ein Rechner 15a mit ausreichender Speicherkapazität integriert ist und welches eine Zeitsteuereinheit 15b zur Überwachung und Steuerung von Verfahrens¬ schritten in zeitlicher Hinsicht aufweist.The feed opening 2b is preceded by a conveyor unit 13 which consists of a hopper 13a, a conveyor driven by a conveyor motor 13b. derschnecke 13c and a in the feed opening 2b opening conveyor trough 13d. The conveyor motor 13b is connected via a control line 14 to a control unit 15, in which a computer 15a with sufficient storage capacity is integrated and which has a time control unit 15b for monitoring and controlling procedural steps in terms of time.
Das Energienetz für den Hydraulikzylinder 10 be- steht aus einer motorisch angetriebenen Hydraulik¬ pumpe 16, zwei ferngesteuerten Ventilen 17 und 18, die in die Druckleitung 19 bzw. Rücklaufleitung 20 des Hydraulikzylinders 10 eingebaut sind, und einem Öltank 21, in den die Leitungen 19 und 20 sowie die Rückführleitung 17a des Ventils 17 einmünden.The energy network for the hydraulic cylinder 10 consists of a motor-driven hydraulic pump 16, two remote-controlled valves 17 and 18, which are installed in the pressure line 19 or return line 20 of the hydraulic cylinder 10, and an oil tank 21, in which the lines 19 and 20 and the return line 17a of the valve 17 open.
Dem Ventil 17 ist in Richtung auf den Hydraulikzy¬ linder 10 ein Druckfühler 22 vorgeschaltet, der über eine Meßleitung 23 mit dem Steuergerät 15 in Verbindung steht. Die Bestandteile 16 bis 18 sind über Steuerleitungen 24, 25 bzw. 26 ebenfalls an das Steuergerät 15 angeschlossen.A pressure sensor 22 is connected upstream of the valve 17 in the direction of the hydraulic cylinder 10 and is connected to the control unit 15 via a measuring line 23. Components 16 to 18 are also connected to control unit 15 via control lines 24, 25 and 26, respectively.
Die jeweilige Lage des Brechkegels 3 bezüglich der ortsfesten Umgebung wird mittels einer Wegmeßein¬ heit erfaßt, die aus einem an der Welle 7 befestig- ten Meßteil 27a und einem ortsfesten Wegmeßfühler 27b besteht, der über eine Meßleitung 28 an das Steuer¬ gerät 15 angeschlossen ist.The respective position of the crushing cone 3 with respect to the stationary environment is detected by means of a displacement measuring unit which consists of a measuring part 27a attached to the shaft 7 and a stationary displacement measuring sensor 27b which is connected to the control device 15 via a measuring line 28 .
Um ggf. aus der Leistungsaufnahme des Drehstrom¬ motors 12 Schlußfolgerungen auf den Betriebszustand des Kegelbrechers 1 ziehen zu können, ist dem ge¬ nannten Antrieb ein Strommeßgerät 29 zugeordnet, dessen Meßwerte über eine Meßleitung 30 in das Steuergerät 15 eingegeben und dort verarbeitet werden können.In order to be able to draw conclusions on the operating state of the cone crusher 1 from the power consumption of the three-phase motor 12, a current measuring device 29 is assigned to the drive mentioned, the measured values of which are fed into the Control unit 15 can be entered and processed there.
Bestimmte im Rechner 15a gespeicherte Daten können erforderlichenfalls mittels eines an das Steuerge- rät 15 angeschlossenen Bildschirms 31 sichtbar ge¬ macht werden.Certain data stored in the computer 15a can, if necessary, be made visible by means of a screen 31 connected to the control device 15.
Um die Überprüfung und Einstellung der Weite des Brechspalts ggf. von Hand einleiten zu können, weist das Steuergerät einen Handschalter 32 auf.In order to be able to initiate the checking and setting of the width of the crushing gap by hand, the control device has a manual switch 32.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läuft folgendermaßen ab:The method according to the invention proceeds as follows:
Durch Drücken des Handschalters 32 wird über das Steuergerät 15 und die Steuerleitung 14 zunächst der Fördermotor 13b stillgesetzt und die Zufuhr von Brechmaterial in den Bereich der Zuführöffnung 2b des Kegelbrechers 1 unterbrochen, während der Brechkegel 3 weiterhin taumelnd umläuft, und das noch vorhandene Brechmaterial zerkleinert. Der der Arbeitsstellung des Brechkegels 3 entsprechende, vom Wegmeßfühler 27b erfaßte Meßwert ist bereits bei der vorausgehenden Einstellung des Brechkegels in die augenblickliche Arbeitsstellung im Speicher 15a abgespeichert worden. Über ein nicht dargestelltes Verzögerungsglied, welches einen Bestandteil des Steuergeräts 15 bil¬ det, wird mit vorgegebener, einstellbarer zeitli¬ cher Verzögerung zur Betätigung des Handschalters 32 durch Schließen des Ventils 17 und Öffnen des Ventils 18 der Brechkegel 3 in eine durch den Spei¬ cher 15a vorgegebene Öffnungsstellung abgesenkt; die Zeitverzögerung ist dabei so gewählt, daß der Kegelbrecher 1 mit ausreichender Sicherheit im Be¬ reich der Bestandteile 3 und 4 kein Brechmaterial mehr enthält, also leergefahren ist. Nach Erreichen der Öffnungsstellung wird der Brech¬ kegel durch geeignete Schaltung der Hydraulikpumpe 16 sowie der Ventile 17 und 18 in mehreren aufein- anderfolgenden Annäherungszyklen jeweils kurzzeitig am Brechmantel 4 zur Anlage gebracht und danach in die vorgegebene Öffnungsstellung zurückgefahren. Die der Anlage am Brechkegel 4 entsprechenden An¬ näherungswerte werden jeweils vom Wegmeßfühler 27b erfaßt und im Rechner 15a gespeichert. Nach dem letzten Annäherungszyklus, der mit dem Rückfahren des Brechkegels in die erwähnte Öffnungsstellung endet, wird im Rechner aus den ermittelten Annähe¬ rungswerten der arithmetische Mittelwert gebildet, welcher den die Bezugsstellung des Brechkegels festlegenden Bezugswert darstellt und der ebenfalls gespeichert wird.By pressing the hand switch 32, the conveyor motor 13b is first stopped via the control unit 15 and the control line 14 and the supply of crushing material into the area of the feed opening 2b of the cone crusher 1 is interrupted, while the crushing cone 3 continues to tumble and the crushing material still present is crushed. The measured value corresponding to the working position of the crushing cone 3 and detected by the displacement sensor 27b has already been stored in the memory 15a during the previous setting of the crushing cone in the current working position. Via a delay element, not shown, which forms part of the control unit 15, the crushing cone 3 into a through the memory is, with a predetermined, adjustable time delay for actuating the manual switch 32 by closing the valve 17 and opening the valve 18 15a predetermined opening position lowered; the time delay is chosen so that the cone crusher 1 with sufficient security in the area of the components 3 and 4 no crushing material contains more, so it is empty. After the opening position has been reached, the crushing cone is briefly brought into contact with the crushing jacket 4 by suitable switching of the hydraulic pump 16 and the valves 17 and 18 in several successive approximation cycles and then returned to the predetermined opening position. The approximate values corresponding to the system on the crushing cone 4 are each detected by the displacement sensor 27b and stored in the computer 15a. After the last approximation cycle, which ends with the return of the crushing cone to the above-mentioned opening position, the arithmetic mean value is formed from the determined approximation values, which represents the reference value that defines the reference position of the crushing cone and that is also stored.
Durch Vergleich zwischen dem Bezugswert und einem in den Rechner eingegebenen, der Betriebsstellung entsprechenden Wert wird die einer bestimmtenBy comparing the reference value and a value entered into the computer and corresponding to the operating position, that of a particular one is determined
Spaltweite entsprechende Wegstrecke ermittelt, um die der Brechkegel von der Bezugsstellung entfernt liegen muß; die erforderliche Verstellbewegung wird wiederum - überwacht vom Wegmeßfühler 27b - durch geeignete Verstellung des Kolbens 10a bewirkt, der nach Erreichen der Arbeitsstellung in der dabei eingenommenen Lage verriegelt wird. Der der Arbeitsstellung entsprechende Wegmeßwert wird ebenfalls gespeichert.Gap distance corresponding distance determined by which the crushing cone must be located from the reference position; the required adjustment movement is in turn - monitored by the displacement sensor 27b - effected by suitable adjustment of the piston 10a, which is locked in the position assumed after reaching the working position. The distance measurement corresponding to the working position is also saved.
Die Annäherung des Brechkegels an den Brechmantel 4 wird bei geschlossenem Ventil 18 über den Druckfüh¬ ler 22 festgestellt, welcher den dabei im Energie¬ netz des Hydraulikzylinders 10 auftretenden Druck¬ anstieg über die Meßleitung 23 in das Steuergerät 15 eingibt; dieses veranlaßt daraufhin durch geeig¬ nete Betätigung der Ventile 17 und 18 das Rückfah¬ ren des Brechkegels in die bereits erwähnte Öff¬ nungsstellung.The approach of the crushing cone to the crushing jacket 4 is determined when the valve 18 is closed via the pressure sensor 22, which causes the pressure increase occurring in the energy network of the hydraulic cylinder 10 via the measuring line 23 into the control unit 15 inputs; this then, by suitable actuation of the valves 17 and 18, causes the crushing cone to return to the opening position already mentioned.
Die Zeitsteuereinheit 15b kanrt dazu eingesetzt werden, die gespeicherten Werte für die Bezugs¬ stellung und/ oder die Arbeitsstellung den zugehö¬ rigen Zeitabständen zuzuordnen. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, beispielsweise die gespeicherten Werte für die Arbeitsstellung des Brechkegels, auf¬ getragen über der Zeit, auf dem Bildschirm 31 sichtbar zu machen und daraus eine Aussage über den bisher an den Bestandteilen 3a und 4 aufgetre¬ tenen Verschleiß zu gewinnen.The time control unit 15b can be used to assign the stored values for the reference position and / or the working position to the associated time intervals. In this way it is possible, for example, to display the stored values for the working position of the crushing cone, plotted over time, on the screen 31 and to obtain a statement about the wear that has previously occurred on the components 3a and 4 .
Die Zeitsteuereinheit 15b kann im Zusammenwirken mit den Wegmeßteilen 27a, 27b jedoch auch dazu eingesetzt werden, die Annäherungsvorgänge während der Annähe¬ rungszyklen zu überwachen. Soweit keine Fehlmessung vorliegt, kann der Brechkegel den Brechmantel 4 erst dann berühren, wenn der Annäherungsvorgang be¬ endet ist, also der vom Wegmeßfühler 27b erfaßte Wegmeßwert sich mit der von der Zeiteinheit 15b vorgegebenen Zeit nicht mehr ändert. Durch Zusam¬ menwirken der Bestandteile 27a, b und 15b lassen sich also Fehlmessungen ausschließen, falls gleich¬ zeitig durch Vergleich mit bereits gespeicherten Annäherungswerten überprüft wird, ob der Brechkegel eine Mindeststrecke in Richtung auf den Brechmantel 4 zurückgelegt hat.The timing control unit 15b can also be used in cooperation with the distance measuring parts 27a, 27b to monitor the approaching processes during the approaching cycles. Insofar as there is no incorrect measurement, the crushing cone can only touch the crushing jacket 4 when the approximation process has ended, that is to say the distance measurement value detected by the displacement sensor 27b no longer changes with the time specified by the time unit 15b. By means of the interaction of the components 27a, b and 15b, erroneous measurements can be ruled out if it is checked at the same time by comparison with already stored approximate values whether the crushing cone has covered a minimum distance in the direction of the crushing jacket 4.
Abweichend von dem soeben beschriebenen Verfahren kann die Überprüfung und Einstellung der Spaltweite unter Einwirkung der Zeiteinheit 15b auch automa- tisch ausgelöst und durchgeführt werden. Beispiels¬ weise kann die Zeiteinheit so eingestellt sein, daß sie einmal pro Tag selbsttätig das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auslöst.Deviating from the method just described, the checking and setting of the gap width under the action of the time unit 15b can also be automated. triggered and carried out table. For example, the time unit can be set so that it triggers the method according to the invention automatically once a day.
Das erfindungsgemäβe Verfahren kann insbesondere auch in der Weise ausgestaltet sein, daß zusätzlich zu oder an Stelle der Druckmessung mittels des Druck¬ fühlers 23 ein induktives Meßverfahren zur Anwendung kommt, wie es beispielsweise aus der eingangs er- wähnten deutschen Offenlegungsschrift bekannt ist. Durch Verwendung eines Meßkolbens, der abhängig von einer Bewegung des Brechkegels mehr oder weni¬ ger weit in eine ortsfeste Spule eingreift, läßt sich nicht nur eine Wegänderung, sondern auch eine Bewegungsänderung erfassen; es kann also beispiels¬ weise festgestellt werden, ob der Brechkegel mit der Berührung des Brechmantels zum Stillstand ge¬ kommen ist.The method according to the invention can in particular also be designed in such a way that, in addition to or instead of the pressure measurement by means of the pressure sensor 23, an inductive measurement method is used, as is known, for example, from the aforementioned German published application. By using a measuring piston, which engages more or less depending on a movement of the crushing cone in a stationary coil, not only a change in path but also a change in movement can be detected; it can thus be determined, for example, whether the crushing cone has come to a standstill when the crushing jacket has come into contact with it.
Die Verschiebung des Brechkegels in eine vorgege- bene Arbeitsstellung kann jedoch auch anhand einer Bezugsstellung vorgenommen werden, bei welcher der taumelnd umlaufende Brechkegel 3 den Brechmantel 4 nur beinahe berührt.The displacement of the crushing cone into a predetermined working position can, however, also be carried out on the basis of a reference position in which the tumbling revolving crushing cone 3 only almost touches the crushing jacket 4.
Um mit ausreichender Genauigkeit reproduzierbare Annäherungswerte für die Ermittlung einer derarti¬ gen Bezugsstellung gewinnen zu können, wird nach dem Leerfahreπ des Kegelbrechers 1 zumindest wäh¬ rend der Annäherungszyklen über die Fördereinheit 13 Prüfmaterial mit bekannter Körnung in die Zuführ- Öffnung 2b eingeleitet. Das Prüfmaterial bildet im Spaltbereich eine Schicht, über welche der Brechkegel sich nach Abschluß der Annäherungsvor¬ gänge lediglich mittelbar am Brechmantel abstützt. Diese Verfahrensweise ist zwar mit zusätzlichem Aufwand verbunden; sie weist jedoch den Vorteil auf, daß über Bezugswerte eine Bezugsstellung des Brechkegels 3 ermittelt werden kann, ohne daß dieser während der zeitlich aufeinanderfolgenden Annäherungszyklen den Brechmantel 4 berühren muß.In order to be able to obtain reproducible approximate values for determining such a reference position with sufficient accuracy, test material with known grain size is introduced into the feed opening 2b at least during the approach cycles of the cone crusher 1 after the approach cycles. The test material forms a layer in the gap area, over which the crushing cone is only supported indirectly on the crushing jacket after completion of the approach processes. This procedure is associated with additional effort; however, it has the advantage that a reference position of the crushing cone 3 can be determined via reference values without the latter having to touch the crushing jacket 4 during the successive approximation cycles.
Sofern man die Lage der Öffnungsstellung jeweils der sich ändernden Bezugsstellung anpaßt und die zugehörigen Werte speichert, kann durch Vergleich der gespeicherten Werte mit einem Grenzwert für die Öffnungsstellung eine Aussage darüber gewonnen wer¬ den, welcher Verschleißumfang vorliegt bzw. ob ein Austausch der zusammenwirkenden Verschleißteile 3a und 4 erforderlich ist.If the position of the opening position is adapted to the changing reference position and the associated values are saved, a comparison can be made of the stored values with a limit value for the opening position to determine the extent of wear or whether the interacting wear parts 3a are replaced and 4 is required.
Der Hauptvorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens liegt darin, daß der Bezugswert, von dem ausgehend eine vorgegebene Arbeitsstellung des Brechkegels angesteuert wird, über mehrere, Tastvorgänge dar¬ stellende Annäherungszyklen ermittelt wird, und zwar bei umlaufendem Brechkegel. Da in zeitlicher Aufeinanderfolge mehrere Bezugswerte ermittelt werden, geht auch eine ungleichförmige Abnutzung der beiden zusammenwirkenden Verschleißteile in den Bezugswert ein und beeinflußt somit die Einstellung der Weite des Brechspalts. The main advantage of the method according to the invention lies in the fact that the reference value, from which a predetermined working position of the crushing cone is controlled, is determined over several approximation cycles which represent tactile operations, specifically with the revolving crushing cone. Since several reference values are determined in chronological succession, non-uniform wear of the two interacting wear parts is also included in the reference value and thus influences the setting of the width of the crushing gap.

Claims

A n s p r ü c h e Expectations
1. Verfahren zur Einstellung der Spaltweite eines Kegelbrechers oder dergleichen mit taumelnd um¬ laufendem, bezüglich eines Brechmantels höhen¬ verstellbarem Brechkegel, der durch Annäherung an den Brechmantel in eine Bezugsstellung ver¬ fahren wird, von der ausgehend das einer vor¬ gegebenen Spaltweite entsprechende Wegstück festgelegt wird, um welches der Brechkegel nach Bewegen in seine Arbeitsstellung von der Bezugs- Stellung entfernt liegt, wobei die Annäherung an den Brechmantel über eine Bewegungsmessuπg er¬ faßt und die jeweilige Brechkegel-Lage über eine Wegmessung ermittelt wird, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der umlau- fende Brechkegel in zeitlicher Aufeinanderfolge mehrere Annäherungszyklen ausführt, daß die An¬ näherungswerte, welche die Brechkegel-Lage bei Abschluß der einzelnen Annäherungsvorgänge be¬ schreiben, gespeichert werden, und daß aus den Annäherungswerten ein die Bezugsstellung fest¬ legender Bezugswert gebildet wird.1. Method for setting the gap width of a cone crusher or the like with a wobbling revolving cone which is height-adjustable with respect to a crushing jacket and which is moved into a reference position by approaching the crushing jacket, from which the path section corresponding to a given gap width is based It is determined by which the crushing cone is distant from the reference position after moving into its working position, the approach to the crushing jacket being detected by a movement measurement and the respective crushing cone position being determined by means of a path measurement, characterized in that the circumferential If the refractive cone executes several approximation cycles in chronological succession, the approximation values which describe the position of the refractive cone at the end of the individual approximation processes are stored, and that a reference value defining the reference position is formed from the approximation values .
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß die Annäherung an den Brechmaπtel über eine Geschwindigkeitsmessung erfaßt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the approach to the Brechmaπtel is detected by a speed measurement.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, daß die Annäherung an den Brech¬ mantel über eine Druckmessung erfaßt wird. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the approach to the crushing jacket is detected by a pressure measurement.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus den zusammenge¬ hörigen Annäherungswerten ein Mittelwert gebil¬ det wird, welcher den Bezugswert darstellt.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an average value is formed from the together approximate values, which represents the reference value.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus den zusammenge¬ hörigen Annäherungswerten als Bezugswert der¬ jenige Annäherungswert ausgewählt wird, welcher die weiteste ermittelte Verschiebung des Brech- kegeis in Richtung auf den Brechmaπtel anzeigt.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that der¬ that approximate value is selected from the associated approximate values as reference value, which indicates the furthest determined displacement of the crushing ice in the direction of the crushing material.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brechkegel zu¬ mindest nach Abschluß jedes Annäherungszyklus in eine vorgegebene Öffnungsstelluπg verfahren wird, die von der Bezugsstellung abweicht.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the crushing cone is moved at least at the end of each approximation cycle in a predetermined opening position, which differs from the reference position.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß der Abstand zwischen der Öffnungsstel¬ lung und der Bezugsstellung konstant gehalten wird.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the distance between the opening position and the reference position is kept constant.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Annäherungszyklen und die sich anschließende Verschiebung des Brechkegels in die Betriebsstellung in vorwähl¬ baren Zeitabständen automatisch ausgelöst werden, wobei der erste Annäherungszyklus zeit¬ lich verzögert zur Unterbrechung der Brechmate¬ rial-Zufuhr einsetzt. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lage der Bezugs¬ stellung durch Prüfmaterial mit bekannter Kör¬ nung festgelegt wird, welches zumindest während der Annäherungsvorgänge in den Brechspalt ein¬ geleitet wird. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, da¬ characterized in that the approximation cycles and the subsequent displacement of the crushing cone in the operating position are automatically triggered at pre-selectable time intervals, the first approximation cycle being delayed to interrupt the crushing mat ¬ rial feed begins. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the position of the reference position is determined by test material with a known grain size, which is introduced into the crushing gap at least during the approaching processes.
EP86905285A 1985-09-10 1986-09-09 Process for adjusting the width of the gap in a cone-type crusher or similar Expired EP0236392B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2634/85 1985-09-10
AT0263485A AT389653B (en) 1985-09-10 1985-09-10 METHOD FOR ADJUSTING THE SPLIT WIDTH OF A CONE BREAKER OR THE LIKE.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0236392A1 true EP0236392A1 (en) 1987-09-16
EP0236392B1 EP0236392B1 (en) 1989-06-14

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86905285A Expired EP0236392B1 (en) 1985-09-10 1986-09-09 Process for adjusting the width of the gap in a cone-type crusher or similar

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4793560A (en)
EP (1) EP0236392B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63500708A (en)
AT (2) AT389653B (en)
AU (1) AU594369B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3663888D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1987001305A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3663888D1 (en) 1989-07-20
ATE43975T1 (en) 1989-06-15
WO1987001305A1 (en) 1987-03-12
US4793560A (en) 1988-12-27
AT389653B (en) 1990-01-10
AU6288586A (en) 1987-03-24
ATA263485A (en) 1989-06-15
JPS63500708A (en) 1988-03-17
AU594369B2 (en) 1990-03-08
EP0236392B1 (en) 1989-06-14

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