EP0211133A1 - Method and device for the transmission of thermal energy to a space filled with matter - Google Patents
Method and device for the transmission of thermal energy to a space filled with matter Download PDFInfo
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- EP0211133A1 EP0211133A1 EP86102234A EP86102234A EP0211133A1 EP 0211133 A1 EP0211133 A1 EP 0211133A1 EP 86102234 A EP86102234 A EP 86102234A EP 86102234 A EP86102234 A EP 86102234A EP 0211133 A1 EP0211133 A1 EP 0211133A1
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- electrode
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- plasma
- thermal energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P23/00—Other ignition
- F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P3/00—Other installations
- F02P3/01—Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for introducing thermal energy into a space filled with a medium and a device therefor.
- the invention is based on the object of proposing a method and a device suitable for carrying out the method, with which a very high temperature can be achieved very quickly in the medium of a room, at least to a limited extent locally, by introducing thermal energy.
- this object is achieved in that a plasma is ignited in the medium itself by means of a high-frequency field and its energy is regulated via the energy and / or frequency of the high-frequency field. It only takes a very short time to ignite a plasma because only the almost massless electrons have to be accelerated. A certain high-frequency power is required for this, which depends on the medium to be ionized. If this high-frequency power is emitted, the plasma is produced, provided that the necessary field strength is reached to cause the plasma to self-ignite.
- the temperature of the plasma depends on the power supplied and on the frequency of the alternating field. In this way, a desired amount of heat can also be introduced into the medium of the space mentioned, and can be easily reached, and a desired temperature can be achieved.
- a method for introducing thermal energy into a space filled with a medium is particularly advantageously applicable, e.g. B. to initiate a combustion process in a fuel-powered carpeting machine or an engine.
- at least to initiate the The combustion process of the fuel or the fuel mixture can be brought to a reactive temperature by means of a high-frequency field of sufficient energy.
- the plasma state ie the state in which a gas becomes electrically conductive, does not necessarily have to be reached. Insofar as the reaction temperature is reached below this temperature threshold, this can also be regulated easily via the high-frequency field. If necessary, however, the energy of the high-frequency field can of course also be increased to such an extent that the plasma is produced.
- a temperature level below the plasma temperature can also be reached in a first stage and then the limit to the plasma temperature can be exceeded by appropriate control of the high-frequency field. In this way, the time course of the temperature rise and the energy content can be controlled in any way. A high-frequency excitation ignition is thus achieved (energy light level motion).
- a method for operating a motor requiring thermal energy is further proposed, a plasma being ignited in a medium used in the motor by means of a high-frequency field and the energy of which is regulated via the energy and / or frequency of the high-frequency field as a function of that into the medium thermal energy to be introduced.
- this method it is possible, for example, to operate an air motor in which only air under atmospheric pressure is admitted into a cylinder space, which air is then ignited in a very short time Plasma is heated to a very high temperature, so that this air expands more or less quickly depending on the energy introduced and can, for example, drive a piston in front of it.
- the method according to the invention be designed to ignite an internal combustion engine, in which case the plasma in the combustion chamber of the engine is ignited at the desired ignition point with a temperature and duration necessary for the desired combustion quality.
- the plasma With the plasma, a selectable large volume of the combustion mixture can be ignited at the same time, so that a very homogeneous combustion is achieved and knocking of the engine is avoided.
- the lifetime of the plasma can be chosen arbitrarily. Afterburning can even be carried out via the plasma.
- the previous difficulties with the usual spark plugs are eliminated. It is no longer necessary to pay attention to the correct electrode spacing or the correct heat value of the spark plugs and there is no more spark plug wear.
- an electrode matched with a directly coupled resonator protrude into the space to be supplied with thermal energy, the electrode and resonator being connected to a high-frequency generator connected by a circuit breaker.
- the necessary power can be easily radiated via the electrode.
- the resonator must be coupled directly to the electrode in order to prevent the formation of a plasma in the wrong place.
- the device according to the invention is used as the ignition device of an internal combustion engine, it is proposed that the electrode protrude into the combustion chamber. This will make the necessary Radiated energy where the plasma to ignite the combustion mixture is to be generated.
- an electrode be assigned to each combustion chamber, all electrodes and the associated resonators being connected to a common high-frequency generator. This is the simplest design, but it must be accepted that a plasma is generated on each electrode each time the high-frequency generator is switched, so that the cylinders that do not work in the clock sequence are ignited. If this is not desired or is inadmissible because of the design of the engine, it is proposed as a supplement to the invention that a switchable separating device is provided between the resonator and the electrode on the one hand and the high-frequency generator on the other hand, the respective separating device being provided by the control device for the ignition and the firing sequence as well as the circuit breaker for the high frequency generator is switched. In this way it is achieved that only the electrode radiates its energy for generating the plasma, which is assigned to the respective cylinder with a working cycle.
- An alternative can also consist, according to the invention, in that for each resonator / electrode unit a high-frequency generator is provided with an associated circuit breaker, each circuit breaker being switched by a control pulse from the control device for the ignition and sequence.
- the method according to the invention it is possible to very quickly transport large amounts of thermal energy into closed rooms.
- the amount of energy can be regulated in a simple manner.
- the device required to carry out the method is relatively simple and essentially consists of known components and assemblies.
- the device according to the invention is particularly well suited as an ignition device for internal combustion engines: when used, it eliminates the difficulties associated with conventional spark plugs and produces an improved exhaust gas.
- a device Used as an ignition device for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, for example, a voltage converter is supplied with the on-board voltage of the on-board electrical system. The voltage converter supplies the energy for a connected high-frequency generator, which in turn is switched via a circuit breaker. Connected to the high-frequency generator is an electrode which projects into the combustion chamber of the engine like a spark plug, a resonator being placed directly on the electrode. This is necessary because a cable connection at the output of the resonator is not possible, since the field strength is so high at this point that the plasma would arise there. In order to create a plasma, the high-frequency generator is switched on by the circuit breaker, the circuit breaker receiving a control pulse, for. B. from the setup of the machine, which has also given the impetus for the ignition.
- the voltage converter increases the usually lower on-board voltage to higher values. In the case shown, it is a freely oscillating push-pull converter.
- this DC voltage is only supplied to the high-frequency generator at the moment of ignition. This is done by a power transistor (circuit breaker in the illustration), which is switched by a control pulse.
- the control impulse comes from the device already contained in the motor vehicle for the conventional ignition.
- the high frequency generator works as a power oscillator. It can be constructed in such a way that it increases the power itself by increasing the feedback in the unmatched load case (shortly before the plasma ignites) and thus accelerates the plasma ignition. However, this output voltage obtained from the high-frequency generator is not sufficient to start the ionization.
- the downstream resonator therefore takes on the task of bringing this voltage to the necessary high level. For this, the resonator must have a high quality. It should be noted here that the size of a resonator becomes smaller as the frequency increases. So if a small resonator is desired, a high frequency must be used.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Einbringung thermischer Energie in einen mit einem Medium gefüllten Raum sowie eine Einrichtung hierzu.The invention relates to a method for introducing thermal energy into a space filled with a medium and a device therefor.
Verfahren der o.gen. Art sind in vielfältiger Form bekannt. So kann z. B. über eine Heizplatte thermische Energie in einen Kochtopf transportiert werden. Bei einem Verbrennungsmotor wird thermische Energie durch die Einbringung und Zündung des Treibstoffs in den Zylinderraum eingebracht. Weiter ist es möglich, thermische Energie in einem bestimmten Raum über Hochfrequenzfelder zu erzeugen. Letztgenannter Effekt wird z. B. bei modernen Backöfen ausgenUtzt.Procedure of the above. Kinds are known in various forms. So z. B. thermal energy can be transported into a saucepan via a hotplate. In an internal combustion engine, thermal energy is introduced into the cylinder space by introducing and igniting the fuel. It is also possible to generate thermal energy in a specific room using high-frequency fields. The latter effect is e.g. B. in modern ovens.
Es sind weiterhin mit der US-PS 4,455,989 und 4,122,816 ZUndeinrichtungen für Verbrennungsmotoren bekannt geworden, die dort als "Plasma-ZUndsysthem" bezeichnet werden. Es handelt sich jedoch um herkömmliche Zündeinrichtungen, bei denen der ZUndfunke zwischen zwei Elektroden entsteht und durch einen Induktionsvorgang erzeugt wird. Die elektrische Entladung wird durch eine entsprechend hohe Spannung erzwungen und es erfolgt nicht ein Entladungsvorgang, verursacht durch ein Hochfrequenzfeld. Die räumliche Lage des bei dem Entladungsvorgang nach dem Stand der Technik entstehenden Funkens ist unmittelbar an die räumliche Lage der entsprechenden Elektroden gebunden.Furthermore, US Pat. Nos. 4,455,989 and 4,122,816 ignite devices for internal combustion engines have become known, which are referred to there as "plasma igniter system". However, these are conventional ignition devices in which the ignition spark arises between two electrodes and is generated by an induction process. The electrical discharge is forced by a correspondingly high voltage and there is no discharge process caused by a high-frequency field. The spatial position of the spark generated during the discharge process according to the prior art is directly linked to the spatial position of the corresponding electrodes.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete Vorrichtung' vorzuschlagen, mit welchem im Medium eines Raumes mindestens eng begrenzt örtlich durch Einbringung thermischer Energie sehr rasch eine sehr hohe Temperatur erzielt werden kann.The invention is based on the object of proposing a method and a device suitable for carrying out the method, with which a very high temperature can be achieved very quickly in the medium of a room, at least to a limited extent locally, by introducing thermal energy.
Diese Aufgabe ist verfahrensmäßig dadurch gelöst, daß im Medium selbst mittels eines Hochfrequenzfeldes ein Plasma gezündet und dessen Energie über die Energie und/oder Frequenz des Hochfrequenzfeldes geregelt wird. Um ein Plasma zu zünden, benötigt man nur sehr kurze Zeit, weil ja nur die fast masselosen Elektronen beschleunigt werden müssen. Hierzu ist eine bestimmte Hochfrequenzleistung nötig, die abhängig von dem zu ionisierenden Medium ist. Wird diese Hochfrequenzleistung abgestrahlt, entsteht das Plasma, sofern gleichzeitig die notwendige Feldstärke erreicht wird, um eine Selbstzündung des Plasmas zu bewirken. Die Temperatur des Plasmas ist hierbei abhängig von der zugeführten Leistung und von der Frequenz des Wechselfeldes. Auf diese Art und Weise kann, zudem leicht regelbar, eine gewünschte Wärmemenge in das Medium des genannten Raumes eingebracht werden und eine gewünschte Temperatur erreicht werden.In terms of the method, this object is achieved in that a plasma is ignited in the medium itself by means of a high-frequency field and its energy is regulated via the energy and / or frequency of the high-frequency field. It only takes a very short time to ignite a plasma because only the almost massless electrons have to be accelerated. A certain high-frequency power is required for this, which depends on the medium to be ionized. If this high-frequency power is emitted, the plasma is produced, provided that the necessary field strength is reached to cause the plasma to self-ignite. The temperature of the plasma depends on the power supplied and on the frequency of the alternating field. In this way, a desired amount of heat can also be introduced into the medium of the space mentioned, and can be easily reached, and a desired temperature can be achieved.
Ein Verfahren zur Einbringung thermischer Energie in einen mit einem Medium gefüllten Raum ist besonders vorteilhaft anwendbar, z. B. zur Einleitung eines Verbrennungsvorganges in einer mit Brennstoff betriebenen Karftmaschine oder einem Triebwerk. Hierbei kann erfindungsgemäß mindestens zur Einleitung des Verbrennungsvorganges der Brennstoff oder das Brennstoffgemisch mittes eines Hochfrequenzfeldes ausreichender Energie auf reaktionsfähige Temperatur gebracht werden. Dabei ist zu beachten, daß hierzu nicht unbedingt der Plasmazustand, d. h. der Zustand, in dem ein Gas elektrisch leitfähig wird, erreicht werden muß. Soweit die Reaktionstemperatur unterhalb dieser genannten Temperaturschwelle erreicht wird, ist auch dies problemlos über das Hochfrequenzfeld einregelbar. Bei Bedarf kann jedoch natürlich die Energie des Hochfrequenzfeldes auch soweit gesteigert werden, daß das Plasma entsteht. Soweit dies verfahrenstechnisch erwünscht ist, kann auch in einer ersten Stufe ein Temperaturniveau unterhalb der Plasmatemperatur eingefahren und anschließend die Grenze zur Plasmatemperatur durch entsprechende Steuerung des Hochfrequenzfeldes überschritten werden. Hierdurch kann in beliebiger Weise der zeitliche Verlauf des Temperaturanstiegs und des Energieinhaltes gesteuert werden. Es wird also eine HochfrequenzanregungszUndung erreicht (Energie light Level Motion).A method for introducing thermal energy into a space filled with a medium is particularly advantageously applicable, e.g. B. to initiate a combustion process in a fuel-powered carpeting machine or an engine. Here, according to the invention, at least to initiate the The combustion process of the fuel or the fuel mixture can be brought to a reactive temperature by means of a high-frequency field of sufficient energy. It should be noted that the plasma state, ie the state in which a gas becomes electrically conductive, does not necessarily have to be reached. Insofar as the reaction temperature is reached below this temperature threshold, this can also be regulated easily via the high-frequency field. If necessary, however, the energy of the high-frequency field can of course also be increased to such an extent that the plasma is produced. Insofar as this is desired from a procedural point of view, a temperature level below the plasma temperature can also be reached in a first stage and then the limit to the plasma temperature can be exceeded by appropriate control of the high-frequency field. In this way, the time course of the temperature rise and the energy content can be controlled in any way. A high-frequency excitation ignition is thus achieved (energy light level motion).
Erfindungsgemäß wird weiter ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines thermische Energie benöti'genden Motors vorgeschlagen, wobei in einem im Motor benutzten Medium mittels eines Hochfrequenzfeldes ein Plasma gezündet und dessen Energie über die Energie und/oder Frequenz des Hochfrequenzfeldes geregelt wird in Abhängigkeit von der in das Medium einzubringenden thermischen Energie. Mit diesem Verfahren ist es beispielsweise möglich, einen Druckluftmotor zu betreiben, bei dem in einen Zylinderraum lediglich Luft unter atmosphärischem Druck eingelassen wird, die dann in sehr kurzer Zeit über ein in der Luft gezündetes Plasma auf sehr hohe Temperatur erhitzt wird, so daß sich diese Luft in Abhängigkeit von der eingebrachten Energie mehr oder weniger rasch ausdehnt und dabei z.B. einen Kolben vor sich her treiben kann. Hierdurch ist einerseits die Einbringung eines Verbrennungsmediums und dessen Verbrennung mit allen Belastungen für die Umwelt nicht mehr erforderlich und es gelingt andererseits die notwendige thermische Energie nahezu beliebig schnell einzubringen.According to the invention, a method for operating a motor requiring thermal energy is further proposed, a plasma being ignited in a medium used in the motor by means of a high-frequency field and the energy of which is regulated via the energy and / or frequency of the high-frequency field as a function of that into the medium thermal energy to be introduced. With this method it is possible, for example, to operate an air motor in which only air under atmospheric pressure is admitted into a cylinder space, which air is then ignited in a very short time Plasma is heated to a very high temperature, so that this air expands more or less quickly depending on the energy introduced and can, for example, drive a piston in front of it. On the one hand, this means that the introduction of a combustion medium and its combustion with all environmental pollution are no longer necessary and, on the other hand, the necessary thermal energy can be introduced almost as quickly as desired.
Es wird weiter noch vorgeschlagen, daß erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auszugestalten zur Zündung eines Verbrennungsmotors, wobei dann das Plasma im Verbrennungsraum des Motors zum gewünschten Zündzeitpunkt mit einer für die gewünschte Verbrennungsqualität notwendigen Temperatur und Dauer gezündet wird. Mit dem Plasma läßt sich ein wählbar großes Raumvolumen des Verbrennungsgemisches gleichzeitig entzünden, so daß eine sehr homogene Verbrennung erreicht und ein Klopfen des Motors vermieden wird. Hierbei kann die Standzeit des Plasmas beliebig gewählt werden. Es kann sogar eine Nachverbrennung über das Plasma vorgenommen werden. Bei Verwendung eines Plasmas zur Zündung des Verbrennungsgemisches sind die bisherigen Schwierigkeiten mit den üblichen Zündkerzen beseitigt. Es muß nicht mehr auf richtigen Elektrodenabstand oder auf richtigen Wärmewert der Zündkerzen geachtet werden und es tritt kein Zündkerzenverschleiß mehr ein. Auch die Gefahr einer umweltbelastenden schlechten Verbrennung durch fehlerhafte Zündkerzen ist beseitigt. Bei Verwendung einer Plasmazündung tritt ein weiterer positiver Effekt dadurch ein, daß Ruß oder Verbrennungsrückstände im Motor eine höhere Dielektrizitätskonstante als das Verbrennungsgemisch, in dem das Plasma gezündet werden soll, aufweisen und dadurch mehr Hochfrequenzenergie absorbieren und somit verbrennen. Es kann nun sogar nach abklingender Verbrennung die PlasmazUnderhergie aufgeregelt werden, damit alle Restbestände des Verbrennungsgemisches mit verbrennen. Bleizusätze beim Treibstoff können entfallen, da Klopfgefahr nicht mehr besteht. Bei Dieselmotoren kann das VorglUhen entfallen, da bei Verwendung einer PlasmazUndung schon nach einigen Millisekunden die notwendige Zündtemperatur erreicht ist. DarUber hinaus können Abgase von Verbrennungsmaschinen durch die hohe Reaktionstemperatur des Plasmas in andere Stoffe Überführt werden. Es entstehen Verbindungen, die normalerweise nicht erzeugbar wären, da es keine geeigneten Katalysatoren gibt, bzw. die nötige Reaktionstemperatur nicht erreicht werden kann.It is further proposed that the method according to the invention be designed to ignite an internal combustion engine, in which case the plasma in the combustion chamber of the engine is ignited at the desired ignition point with a temperature and duration necessary for the desired combustion quality. With the plasma, a selectable large volume of the combustion mixture can be ignited at the same time, so that a very homogeneous combustion is achieved and knocking of the engine is avoided. The lifetime of the plasma can be chosen arbitrarily. Afterburning can even be carried out via the plasma. When using a plasma to ignite the combustion mixture, the previous difficulties with the usual spark plugs are eliminated. It is no longer necessary to pay attention to the correct electrode spacing or the correct heat value of the spark plugs and there is no more spark plug wear. The risk of bad combustion that is harmful to the environment due to faulty spark plugs has also been eliminated. When using plasma ignition, another positive effect occurs in that soot or combustion residues in the engine have a higher dielectric constant than the combustion mixture in which the Plasma should be ignited, and thereby absorb more radio frequency energy and thus burn. Now, even after the combustion has subsided, the plasma thermal energy can be adjusted so that all remaining stocks of the combustion mixture also burn. Lead additives in the fuel can be omitted because there is no longer a risk of knocking. Preheating can be omitted for diesel engines, since the required ignition temperature is reached after a few milliseconds when using a plasma ignition. In addition, exhaust gases from internal combustion engines can be converted into other substances due to the high reaction temperature of the plasma. Compounds are formed which would normally not be able to be produced since there are no suitable catalysts or the required reaction temperature cannot be reached.
Bei einer Einrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird vorgeschlagen, daß in den mit thermischer Energie zu versorgenden Raum eine mit einem unmittelbar angekoppelten Resonator abgestimmte Elektrode hineinragt, wobei Elektrode und Resonator mit einem von einem Leistungsschalter geschalteten Hochfrequenzgenerator verbunden sind. Über die Elektrode kann auf einfache Weise die notwendige Leistung abgestrahlt werden. Hierbei muß allerdings der Resonator unmittelbar mit der Elektrode gekoppelt sein, um das Entstehen eines Plasmas am falschen Ort zu verhindern.In a device for carrying out the method according to the invention, it is proposed that an electrode matched with a directly coupled resonator protrude into the space to be supplied with thermal energy, the electrode and resonator being connected to a high-frequency generator connected by a circuit breaker. The necessary power can be easily radiated via the electrode. Here, however, the resonator must be coupled directly to the electrode in order to prevent the formation of a plasma in the wrong place.
Sofern die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung als ZUndeinrichtung eines Verbrennungsmotor Anwendung findet, wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Elektrode in den Verbrennungsraum hineinragt. Hierdurch wird die notwendige Energie dort abgestrahlt, wo das Plasma zur Zündung des Verbrennungsgemisches entstehen soll.If the device according to the invention is used as the ignition device of an internal combustion engine, it is proposed that the electrode protrude into the combustion chamber. This will make the necessary Radiated energy where the plasma to ignite the combustion mixture is to be generated.
Sofern es sich um einen Mehrzylinderverbrennungsmotor handelt, wird vorgeschlagen, daß jedem Verbrennungsraum eine Elektrode zugeordnet ist, wobei alle Elektroden und die zugeordneten Resonatoren mit einem für alle gemeinsamen Hochfrequenzgenerator verbunden sind. Dies ist die einfachste Bauart, bei der allerdings hingenommen werden muß, daß bei jeder Schaltung des Hochfrequenzgenerators an jeder Elektrode ein Plasma entsteht, so daß in den in der Taktfolge nicht arbeitenden Zylindern eine Blindzündung erfolgt. Ist dies nicht erwünscht oder wegen der Bauart des Motors unzulässig, so wird als Ergänzung nach der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, daß zwischen Resonator und Elektrode einerseits und Hochfrequenzgenerator andererseits eine schaltbare Trenneinrichtung vorgesehen ist, wobei von der Steuereinrichtung für die Zündung und die Zündfolge sowohl die jeweilige Trenneinrichtung als auch der Leistungsschalter für den Hochfrequenzgenerator geschaltet wird. Auf diese Art und Weise wird erreicht, daß immer nur die Elektrode ihre Energie zur Erzeugung des Plasmas abstrahlt, die dem jeweiligen Zylinder mit Arbeitstakt zugeordnet ist.If it is a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, it is proposed that an electrode be assigned to each combustion chamber, all electrodes and the associated resonators being connected to a common high-frequency generator. This is the simplest design, but it must be accepted that a plasma is generated on each electrode each time the high-frequency generator is switched, so that the cylinders that do not work in the clock sequence are ignited. If this is not desired or is inadmissible because of the design of the engine, it is proposed as a supplement to the invention that a switchable separating device is provided between the resonator and the electrode on the one hand and the high-frequency generator on the other hand, the respective separating device being provided by the control device for the ignition and the firing sequence as well as the circuit breaker for the high frequency generator is switched. In this way it is achieved that only the electrode radiates its energy for generating the plasma, which is assigned to the respective cylinder with a working cycle.
Eine Alternative kann aber nach der Erfindung auch darin bestehen, daß für jede Resonator/Elektrode-Einheit ein Hochfrequenzgenerator mit -einem zugeordneten Leistungsschalter vorgesehen ist, wobei jeder Leistungsschalter über einen Steuerimpuls von der Steuereinrichtung für die Zündung und Zündfolge geschaltet wird.An alternative, however, can also consist, according to the invention, in that for each resonator / electrode unit a high-frequency generator is provided with an associated circuit breaker, each circuit breaker being switched by a control pulse from the control device for the ignition and sequence.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gelingt es, sehr rasch hohe thermische Energiemengen in geschlossene Räume hineinzutransportieren. Hierbei läßt sich die Menge der Energie auf einfache Art und Weise regeln. Die zur Durchführung des Verfahrens notwendige Einrichtung ist relativ einfach und besteht im wesentlichen aus bekannten Bauelementen und Baugruppen. Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung ist insbesondere als Zündeinrichtung für Verbrennungsmotoren gut geeignet: Bei ihrer Anwendung eleminiert sie die mit den herkömmlichen Zündkerzen verbundenen Schwierigkeiten und bewirkt ein verbessertes Abgas.With the method according to the invention, it is possible to very quickly transport large amounts of thermal energy into closed rooms. The amount of energy can be regulated in a simple manner. The device required to carry out the method is relatively simple and essentially consists of known components and assemblies. The device according to the invention is particularly well suited as an ignition device for internal combustion engines: when used, it eliminates the difficulties associated with conventional spark plugs and produces an improved exhaust gas.
Eine Einrichtung nach der Erfindung ist als Schaltbild dargestellt. Eingesetzt als Zündeinrichtung für einen Verbrennungsmotor eines Kraftfahrzeuges beispielsweise wird ein Spannungswandler mit der Bordspannung des Bordnetzes versorgt. Der Spannungswandler liefert die Energie für einen angeschlossenen Hochfrequenzgenerator, der seinerseits über einen Leistungsschalter geschaltet wird. Am Hochfrequenzgenerator angeschlossen ist eine Elektrode, die wie eine Zündkerze in den Verbrennungsraum des Motors hineinragt, wobei direkt auf die Elektrode ein Resonator aufgesetzt ist. Dies ist erforderlich, weil ein Kabelanschluß am Ausgang des Resonators nicht möglich ist, da an dieser Stelle so hohe Feldstärke herrscht, daß dort das Plasma entstehen würde. Um ein Plasma entstehen zu lassen, wird der Hochfrequenzgenerator vom Leistungsschalter eingeschaltet, wobei der Leistungsschalter einen Steuerimpuls erhält z. B. von der Einrichtung der Maschine, die auch bisher den Impuls für die Zündung gegeben hat.A device according to the invention is shown as a circuit diagram. Used as an ignition device for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, for example, a voltage converter is supplied with the on-board voltage of the on-board electrical system. The voltage converter supplies the energy for a connected high-frequency generator, which in turn is switched via a circuit breaker. Connected to the high-frequency generator is an electrode which projects into the combustion chamber of the engine like a spark plug, a resonator being placed directly on the electrode. This is necessary because a cable connection at the output of the resonator is not possible, since the field strength is so high at this point that the plasma would arise there. In order to create a plasma, the high-frequency generator is switched on by the circuit breaker, the circuit breaker receiving a control pulse, for. B. from the setup of the machine, which has also given the impetus for the ignition.
Es ist zur Erreichung eines günstigen Wirkungsgrades günstig, den Hochfrequenzgenerator mit hoher Spannung zu betreiben, weil hierdurch einerseits die Verlustwärme verringert wird und hierdurch andererseits eine höhere Hochfrequenz-Ausgangsspannung am Ausgang des Generators erreicht wird, die ja durch den Resonator auf noch höhere Werte transformiert werden muß. Hierbei setzt der Spannungswandler die ja meist niedrigere Bordspannung auf höhere Werte hinauf. Im dargestellten Fall handelt es sich um einen frei schwingenden Gegentacktwandler.In order to achieve a favorable efficiency, it is favorable to operate the high-frequency generator with high voltage, because on the one hand this reduces the heat loss and on the other hand it achieves a higher high-frequency output voltage at the output of the generator, which are transformed by the resonator to even higher values got to. The voltage converter increases the usually lower on-board voltage to higher values. In the case shown, it is a freely oscillating push-pull converter.
Um den Leistungsbedarf gering zu halten, wird diese Gleichspannung dem Hochfrequenzgenerator nur im Moment der Zündung zugeführt. Dies übernimmt ein Leistungstransistor (Leistungsschalter in der Darstellung), der von einem Steuerimpuls geschaltet wird. Der Steuerimpuls kommt von der bereits im Kraftfahrzeug für die herkömmliche Zündung enthaltenen Einrichtung.In order to keep the power requirement low, this DC voltage is only supplied to the high-frequency generator at the moment of ignition. This is done by a power transistor (circuit breaker in the illustration), which is switched by a control pulse. The control impulse comes from the device already contained in the motor vehicle for the conventional ignition.
Der Hochfrequenzgenerator arbeitet als Leistungsoszylator. Er läßt sich so konstruieren, daß er selbst die Leistung durch erhöhte Mittkopplung im nicht angepaßten Lastfall (kurz bevor das Plasma zündet) erhöht und somit die Plasmazündung beschleunigt. Diese aus dem Hochfrequenzgenerator gewonnene Ausgangsspannung reicht jedoch nicht aus, um die Ionisation in Gang zu setzen. Der nachgeschaltete Resonator übernimmt daher die Aufgabe, diese Spannung auf den notwendigen hohen Pegel zu bringen. Dazu muß der Resonator eine hohe Güte aufweisen. Es ist hierbei zu beachten, daß die Größe eines Resonators mit höher werdender Frequenz kleiner wird. Wird also ein kleiner Resonator angestrebt, so muß mit hoher Frequenz gearbeitet werden.The high frequency generator works as a power oscillator. It can be constructed in such a way that it increases the power itself by increasing the feedback in the unmatched load case (shortly before the plasma ignites) and thus accelerates the plasma ignition. However, this output voltage obtained from the high-frequency generator is not sufficient to start the ionization. The downstream resonator therefore takes on the task of bringing this voltage to the necessary high level. For this, the resonator must have a high quality. It should be noted here that the size of a resonator becomes smaller as the frequency increases. So if a small resonator is desired, a high frequency must be used.
Zur besseren Verständlichkeit des Schaltbildes sind dort einzelne Bauelemente mit Bezugszahlen versehen, wobei in der beigefügten Bezugszahlenliste die Bennung der entsprechenden Bauteile aufgeführt ist.To make the circuit diagram easier to understand, individual components are provided with reference numerals, the names of the corresponding components being listed in the attached list of reference numbers.
- 1 Entstördrossel1 suppression choke
- 2 Ansteuertrafo für Spannungswandler2 control transformer for voltage transformers
- 3 Leistungstrafo vom Spannungswandler3 power transformer from the voltage converter
- 4 Schalttransistoren vom Spannungswandler4 switching transistors from the voltage converter
- 5 Schalttransistoren vom Spannungswandler5 switching transistors from the voltage converter
- 6 Gleichrichter6 rectifiers
- 7 Schalttransistoren, die den Hochfreqenzgenerator einschalten7 switching transistors that turn on the high frequency generator
- 8 Hochfrequenzleistungstransistor8 high frequency power transistor
- 9 Drehkondensator (dient zur Anpassung)9 variable capacitor (used for adjustment)
- 10 Hochfrequenz-Drossel10 high frequency choke
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT86102234T ATE53894T1 (en) | 1985-07-27 | 1986-02-20 | METHOD OF INTRODUCING THERMAL ENERGY INTO A MEDIUM-FILLED SPACE AND EQUIPMENT THEREFORE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3527041 | 1985-07-27 | ||
| DE19853527041 DE3527041A1 (en) | 1985-07-27 | 1985-07-27 | METHOD FOR INPUTING THERMAL ENERGY IN A SPACE FILLED WITH A MEDIUM, AND DEVICE THEREFORE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0211133A1 true EP0211133A1 (en) | 1987-02-25 |
| EP0211133B1 EP0211133B1 (en) | 1990-05-02 |
Family
ID=6277024
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP86102234A Expired - Lifetime EP0211133B1 (en) | 1985-07-27 | 1986-02-20 | Method and device for the transmission of thermal energy to a space filled with matter |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0211133B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE53894T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3527041A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19644514A1 (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-04-30 | Pinkalla Reiner | Procedure for combusting fuel in IC engine by e.g. magnetron |
| DE10239410A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device for igniting an air-fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine |
| EP1588048A1 (en) | 2003-01-06 | 2005-10-26 | Paul Douglas Freen | System and method for generating and sustaining a corona electric discharge for igniting a combustible gaseous mixture |
| EP1910669A1 (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2008-04-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Plasma ignition system and method for the operation thereof |
| WO2010105784A1 (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2010-09-23 | Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh | Method and system for igniting a fuel/air mixture of a combustion chamber, in particular in a combustion engine by creating a corona discharge |
| CN102777928A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2012-11-14 | 咸阳西燃机电设备有限公司 | Low-power plasma ignition circuit and device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD261290A3 (en) * | 1986-11-11 | 1988-10-26 | Freiberg Brennstoffinst | COMBINED FUTURE AND MONITORING DEVICE FOR BURNERS |
| DD261289A3 (en) * | 1986-11-11 | 1988-10-26 | Freiberg Brennstoffinst | DEVICE FOR COMBINED ENGAGEMENT AND MONITORING OF BURNERS |
| GB9021444D0 (en) * | 1990-10-02 | 1990-11-14 | Delco Electronic Overseas Corp | Light mask |
| DE19723784C1 (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 1998-08-20 | Daimler Benz Ag | Circuit for ignition system of IC engine supplying high voltage to spark plug electrodes |
| DE19747701C2 (en) * | 1997-10-29 | 1999-12-23 | Volkswagen Ag | Plasma jet ignition for internal combustion engines |
| DE19747700C2 (en) * | 1997-10-29 | 2000-06-29 | Volkswagen Ag | Ignition device with an ignition electrode |
| DE19852652A1 (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2000-05-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Ignition device for high-frequency ignition |
| DE10061673A1 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2002-06-13 | Volkswagen Ag | Engine spark plug element for coupling energy into volume filled with defined medium has electrode with end region with elongated, mutually separated electrode sections, each coupled to electrode connection |
| DE10143194B4 (en) * | 2001-09-04 | 2013-02-07 | Volkswagen Ag | High-frequency ignition for internal combustion engines |
| DE10157029A1 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-06-05 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | High frequency ignition for an internal combustion engine |
| DE10243271A1 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2003-12-04 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Device for igniting air-fuel mixture in internal combustion engine, has circuit for producing and/or amplifying HF energy with feedback network for power matching of circuit to variable load impedance |
| EP2012004A1 (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-07 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | High frequency ignition device and method for its operation |
| EP2238223B1 (en) | 2008-01-28 | 2015-08-26 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process to start-up a coal gasification reactor |
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| DE2611596C2 (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1985-06-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Method and device for generating ignition sparks when there is a high ignition voltage requirement for ignition systems of internal combustion engines |
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1985
- 1985-07-27 DE DE19853527041 patent/DE3527041A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-02-20 DE DE8686102234T patent/DE3670887D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-02-20 AT AT86102234T patent/ATE53894T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-20 EP EP86102234A patent/EP0211133B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| US2617841A (en) * | 1949-01-03 | 1952-11-11 | Rca Corp | Internal-combustion engine ignition |
| US4138980A (en) | 1974-08-12 | 1979-02-13 | Ward Michael A V | System for improving combustion in an internal combustion engine |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19644514A1 (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-04-30 | Pinkalla Reiner | Procedure for combusting fuel in IC engine by e.g. magnetron |
| DE10239410A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device for igniting an air-fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine |
| DE10239410B4 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-12-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device for igniting an air-fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine |
| EP1588048A1 (en) | 2003-01-06 | 2005-10-26 | Paul Douglas Freen | System and method for generating and sustaining a corona electric discharge for igniting a combustible gaseous mixture |
| EP2067986A2 (en) | 2003-01-06 | 2009-06-10 | Etatech Inc. | System and method for generating and sustaining a corona electric discharge for igniting a combustible gaseous mixture |
| EP1910669A1 (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2008-04-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Plasma ignition system and method for the operation thereof |
| WO2010105784A1 (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2010-09-23 | Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh | Method and system for igniting a fuel/air mixture of a combustion chamber, in particular in a combustion engine by creating a corona discharge |
| CN102777928A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2012-11-14 | 咸阳西燃机电设备有限公司 | Low-power plasma ignition circuit and device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE53894T1 (en) | 1990-06-15 |
| DE3670887D1 (en) | 1990-06-07 |
| DE3527041A1 (en) | 1987-02-05 |
| EP0211133B1 (en) | 1990-05-02 |
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