EP0193072B1 - Catalytic-emission control device - Google Patents

Catalytic-emission control device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0193072B1
EP0193072B1 EP86102020A EP86102020A EP0193072B1 EP 0193072 B1 EP0193072 B1 EP 0193072B1 EP 86102020 A EP86102020 A EP 86102020A EP 86102020 A EP86102020 A EP 86102020A EP 0193072 B1 EP0193072 B1 EP 0193072B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
ceramic body
catalytically
toxifying
outer housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86102020A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0193072A1 (en
Inventor
Alfons Zachmann
Günter Strüber
Walter Dr. Stoepler
Jürgen Brich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leistritz AG
Original Assignee
Leistritz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19853506219 external-priority patent/DE3506219A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19853509790 external-priority patent/DE3509790A1/en
Application filed by Leistritz AG filed Critical Leistritz AG
Publication of EP0193072A1 publication Critical patent/EP0193072A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0193072B1 publication Critical patent/EP0193072B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2853Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
    • F01N3/2867Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing the mats or gaskets being placed at the front or end face of catalyst body
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2853Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
    • F01N3/2857Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing the mats or gaskets being at least partially made of intumescent material, e.g. unexpanded vermiculite
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2350/00Arrangements for fitting catalyst support or particle filter element in the housing
    • F01N2350/02Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2350/00Arrangements for fitting catalyst support or particle filter element in the housing
    • F01N2350/02Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing
    • F01N2350/06Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing with means preventing gas flow by-pass or leakage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a catalytic exhaust gas detoxification device with at least one honeycomb-like structured monolithic ceramic body with a catalytically active surface coating arranged in a metallic outer housing consisting of two shells with front exhaust gas inlet and outlet connections, with a spring mat interposed between the outer housing and the ceramic body and the areas of the outer housing in front of and behind the ceramic bodies are covered by shields.
  • the housing must be made of a very temperature-resistant material, and in practice the high temperature resistance of the steel sheets that can be used for this purpose can only be achieved with materials that have particularly high thermal expansion coefficients. Fulfilling one of the necessary requirements for the metal housing means that another essential property is not present.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a catalytic exhaust gas detoxification device of the type mentioned in such a way that safe storage of the ceramic body is always guaranteed, even taking into account the large expansion differences, and that the entire device can be formed with the lowest possible molding costs and with simple construction and simple assembly can be made.
  • the shells of the outer housing including the exhaust gas inlet and outlet connections are integral components and that a housing-like holding device which is made of temperature-resistant metal and is optionally provided with recesses or interruptions in the jacket region of the ceramic body is arranged in the supporting outer housing , which runs at least outside the bearing sections for the ceramic body at a distance from the outer housing and (to compensate for different thermal expansions) is held axially freely displaceable at least at one end.
  • an inner housing enables the construction of a converter, in which the risk of blow-out of the spring mats is completely avoided, in particular if it runs at a distance from the outer housing over the entire length of the housing and is therefore pressed tightly against the outer jacket of the ceramic body is because the gap outside the ceramic body, in which these spring mats are arranged, cannot be reached by the exhaust gas flow at all.
  • This blowout prevention is not the sole and the main goal of the continuous inner housing according to the invention.
  • This inner housing enables a structure in which the outer housing consists of a cheaper, less temperature-resistant, yet load-bearing metal sheet which, as has already been mentioned at the beginning, has a considerably smaller coefficient of thermal expansion. This reduces the problems of an absolutely wobble-free fit of the ceramic bodies.
  • the lack or lower temperature resistance of the outer sheet is made possible by the fact that it is shielded very strongly from the high temperature values by the inner casing, and this applies both when an air jacket between the inner and outer casing, as well as in cases where everywhere, in particular, an insulating mat, primarily based on aluminum-silicate fiber or a so-called swelling mat, is also arranged in the inlet and outlet ports.
  • an insulating mat primarily based on aluminum-silicate fiber or a so-called swelling mat
  • Another major advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is the cost-effective production, since the one-piece production of the housing shells is considerably easier both in terms of tool costs and the assembly costs than if the housing is constructed from a plurality of cylindrical intermediate pieces and connecting cone sections to be fastened thereon.
  • the inner housing is constructed in such a way that the inner housing runs continuously at a distance from the outer housing, it has proven to be particularly expedient if the inner housing is provided with recesses spaced from the end faces of the ceramic body, through which the spring mat supported on the outer housing is in direct contact with the outer surface of the ceramic body is.
  • the ring sections of the inner housing comprising the ends of the ceramic bodies are provided with axial slots which form resilient contact tongues and which end from the end faces.
  • both the ceramic body and the inner and outer housing in each case Spring tongues are pressed firmly against the outer jacket of the ceramic body, thus ensuring an absolutely wobble-free fit.
  • a sliding fit of the end of the inner housing to the outer housing should be provided at the end of the inlet and / or outlet funnel.
  • the inlet and / or outlet funnel of the outer housing can both be welded to a connecting flange in order to be able to easily insert such a converter into an exhaust system by screwing it to the counter flange of the other pipelines.
  • a pre-pipe which prevents the risk of scaling should be provided in order to rule out the risk that scale particles settle in front of the input surface of the ceramic body and thus block its continuous channels.
  • the sliding seat can be formed by tapering the front end of this front tube, which with its subsequent enlarged section fits snugly into the end of the outer housing and, if necessary, can also be additionally welded there.
  • the exhaust gases are the spring mats used for storage, with so-called swelling mats being used with particular preference, i.e. Mineral fiber-based mats, which inflate strongly when the temperature rises, cannot reach them, so that the danger of blowing out these mineral fiber mats is completely avoided.
  • swelling mats i.e. Mineral fiber-based mats, which inflate strongly when the temperature rises, cannot reach them, so that the danger of blowing out these mineral fiber mats is completely avoided.
  • this encirclement of the ceramic body there is always a certain stress load and ultimately a certain risk of breakage due to the inner housing.
  • the inner housing only covers the inner surfaces of the exhaust gas inlet and outlet connections and, if necessary, the space between the outer housing between two ceramic bodies lying one behind the other and that the conical or cylindrical shielding plate at least in the area of the gas entry face of a ceramic body includes this at a distance without contact and the gap to the ceramic body is covered by a thin, flexible temperature-resistant film, in particular a metal film, which is pressed by the elastic mounting on the shielding plate and the ceramic body.
  • a simplification of the housing structure in particular in the sense that relatively cheap steel sheets can be used for the actual housing, which are not so temperature-resistant for this purpose, has already been proposed in an earlier application that for shielding in the surface areas of the outer housing not covered by the ceramic body at a distance from these extending shielding plates are provided.
  • the shielding plates do not have to have a supporting function, so that they can consist of relatively thin plates, which can then consist of high-temperature-resistant, expensive materials without too great cost disadvantages and with the advantage of being easy to process. In this case too, however, difficulties still arise either with the blow-out protection of the spring cushion bearing or with the complete use of space in the inner volume of the ceramic body for exhaust gas purification.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing an exhaust gas purification device of the type described in such a way that, with a simple structure and without impairment and narrowing of the inlet end face of the ceramic body, a bearing which is safe and solid and excludes any risk of breakage, even taking into account the large differences in thermal expansion of the components involved of the ceramic body is ensured, so that in particular blowing out of the spring cushion by the pulsating exhaust gases is reliably prevented.
  • the conical or cylindrical shielding plate at least in the area of the gas inlet end face of a ceramic body surrounds it at a distance, and the gap to the ceramic body is covered by a thin, flexible, temperature-resistant film, in particular a metal film, which is covered by the elastic mounting is pressed against the shielding plate and the ceramic body.
  • the optimal sealing of the bearing gap against the exhaust gas flows is achieved in that, as it were, a metal shielding wall is drawn directly to the outer surface of the ceramic body, but the design of the transition section as a flexible metal foil nevertheless ensures that thermal expansion differences do not differ can precipitate in the form of corresponding strong tension, which could lead to the ceramic body shattering.
  • the metal foil can be glued to the elastic mounting or the shielding plate, the gluing to the underside of the spring cushion being particularly advantageous.
  • Such an adhesive bond to the underside of the spring cushion as a result of which the film is simply pressed onto the edge section of the shielding plate, has the great advantage that precisely when such an exhaust gas cleaning device is started up for the first time, i.e. when heating up for the first time, the shielding plate can expand unhindered and thereby slide off on the film, which practically does not shift at the other end due to the pressure on the surface of the ceramic body.
  • the film is pushed together by a fraction of a millimeter, so that a kind of fold is formed, which in the later heating and cooling cycles can easily accommodate the thermal expansion differences regardless of the sliding of the shielding plate can catch on the film itself.
  • the spring cushion is preferably designed and inserted in such a way that strips are inserted into the half-shells of the housing, each covering half of the ceramic body on its circumference.
  • the film should preferably be overlapping in the area of the parting lines.
  • the film can be made of stainless steel with particular advantage, it having been found that film thicknesses of 0.01 to 0.1 mm, preferably approximately between 0.02 mm and 0.05 mm, are particularly favorable in this case.
  • the converter shown in Figure 1 that is, the core of an exhaust gas detoxification device according to the invention, comprising the catalytically coated ceramic body and the funnel-shaped inlet and outlet connections, comprises an outer housing 1 made of a metal sheet which has only a low coefficient of thermal expansion, even if it is not particularly temperature-resistant, and an inner housing 2 made of temperature-resistant, relatively thin sheet metal or metal foil.
  • Both housings each consist of two half-shells welded to one another or connected by nesting, which in turn have been manufactured continuously in a molding tool, so that assembly from individual funnel-shaped sections and connecting cylinder sections, as has hitherto usually been provided in such converters, is avoided.
  • the effort for the production of a correspondingly larger shape is considerably lower than in the case of such a customary single-part production, both in terms of the pure amount of shape, and in particular also in terms of assembly effort.
  • the inner housing 2 runs continuously over the entire length - with the exception of at most the end sections - at a distance from the outer housing 1.
  • the gap in between can be completely filled with an insulating mat, for example made of aluminum silicate fiber be.
  • an air gap is arranged between the two housings in the area of the inlet funnel 3 and the outlet funnel 4, which in most cases also ensures adequate thermal decoupling.
  • the outer housing On the input side, the outer housing is welded into a mounting flange 5, the inner housing supported by a sealing ring 6 having a sliding seat guaranteed by the retracted pipe section 7, so that the strong thermal expansion differences between the different materials of the inner and outer housing by unimpeded displacement of the Tail pipe section 8 of the inner housing in the surrounding pipe section 9 of the outer housing can be compensated.
  • the inner housing In the bearing section of the two honeycomb-structured monolithic ceramic bodies 10 and 11, the inner housing is provided with a recess 12 and 12 ', respectively, the recess 12 in the region of the first ceramic body 10 comprising two sections which, viewed in the circumferential direction, extend over an angle of less than 180 ° extend so that the inner housing is still continuously connected in the area of the side strips 14.
  • the recess is formed all round, so that the inner housing is interrupted at this point by a cylindrical section.
  • These cutouts 12 and 12 servee to ensure that the spring mat 13 supported on the outer housing is in direct contact with the outer surface of the ceramic bodies 10, 11 in the area of the cutouts 12 and 12'. So there is an immediate resilient mounting of the ceramic body in the outer housing.
  • the ring sections 15 and 15 'comprising the ceramic bodies 10 and 11, the latter being arranged at a distance from one another, are provided with axial slots 16 which form resilient contact tongues 17.
  • the slots 16 are of course kept in their dimensions so that they end in front of the respective ends 18, 19, 20 and 21 of the ceramic bodies 10, 11.
  • the resilient contact tongues 17 are pressed against the outer surface of the ceramic body 10, 11 by the spring mat 13 extending over them and thus absorb both the tolerance differences and the thermal expansion differences. This design results in a sealing of the gap between the two housings, so that the spring mat 13 cannot be blown out by exhaust gases.
  • the completely all-round design of the recess 12 ' that is to say the cutting out of an intermediate piece from the inner housing, has the advantage that the ring portions 15 'are arranged in a sliding seat on the ceramic body, so that the sliding seat does not have to be formed on the input side between the inner and outer housing, but instead - as shown in the area of the output connection flange 22 - the inside - And outer housing can also be welded to one another, since the thermal longitudinal expansion differences can be compensated for by the sliding fit of the ring sections 15 '.
  • the design of a converter shown in FIG. 1 with an inner housing 2, which is continuously at a distance from the outer housing, has the considerable advantage that the entire cross section of the ceramic bodies 10, 11 is available for exhaust gas detoxification, since the edges of the end faces 18 to 21 drawn additional sealing rings, which are intended to prevent the spring mat 13 from blowing out, are not required.
  • a scaling-free front pipe 23 is provided instead of a fastening flange 5, which is provided with retracted ring sections 24 and 25 in such a way that the ring section 24 press-fits into the end section 9 of the outer housing (possibly there can also be welded), while the spaced end portion 25 serves to form the sliding fit of the inner housing 2, ie the function of the pipe section 7 in Figure 1 takes over.
  • the shells of the inner housing 2 and the outer housing 1 including the inlet funnel 3 and the outlet funnel 4 are made as one-piece parts and that the inner housing 2 is preferably made of temperature-resistant material, while the Outer housing 1 is formed from a possibly less temperature-resistant material, which, however, has a lower coefficient of expansion, so that the surface pressure on the monolith does not decrease so much even with the strong temperature differences.
  • the particularly advantageous embodiment variant according to FIG. 1 has the advantage that the spring mat 13, which generally consists of individual strips placed axially against one another, can be applied to the fit of the strips much more easily and without problems. Because of the risk of the exhaust gases blowing through in the gap filled by the spring mat, it has hitherto been necessary for the individual spring mat strips to be connected to one another exactly and as gap-free as possible when folded over the ceramic body. For this purpose it is often even provided that an end recess is provided in one, in which a corresponding tongue of the opposite engages. Under no circumstances should these parts overlap. Due to the complete sealing of the gap between the inner housing according to the invention and an outer housing, as is achieved in FIG. 1, there is no need for such an additional sealing at all, so that the spring mat may also be placed around the ceramic body with the acceptance of an axial gap can, since such a gap of a few millimeters does not impair the storage of the ceramic body in the housing.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 An embodiment is shown on the basis of FIGS. 4 to 6, in which the inner housing only covers the inner surfaces of the exhaust gas inlet and outlet connections, as well as the intermediate space of the outer housing between two ceramic bodies lying one behind the other.
  • Monolithic, honeycomb-like structured ceramic bodies 103 are held in the essentially cylindrical outer housing 101, which is followed by conically tapering exhaust gas inlet and outlet connections 102, the surface of which is optionally provided with a catalytically active surface coating.
  • So-called swelling mats 104 are provided for holding these ceramic bodies, i.e. Fireproof fiber mats, which expand with increasing temperature, ensure a centered mounting in the outer housing, also taking into account the greatly different expansion during operation of the exhaust gas purification device.
  • the inner surfaces of the exhaust gas supply and discharge ports 102 are covered with thermally insulating mats 105, which in turn are covered by a high-temperature-resistant shielding sheet 106 are covered.
  • a corresponding shielding plate 106a is provided in the transition area between the two ceramic bodies 103 lying one behind the other in order to isolate the outer housing from the hot exhaust gas flow in this area as well.
  • the shielding plates 106 are in welded its outer edge zone 114 to the outer housing 101 and a mounting flange 115, which is used to install the converter in the exhaust pipe.
  • the shielding plates 106 which form an essentially frustoconical structure, are provided with an outwardly concave ring section 116, which surrounds the start of the ceramic body 103 at a distance. The same applies correspondingly to the two ends 116a of the shielding plate 106a between the ceramic bodies 103.
  • metal foils 118 made of stainless steel with a thickness of between about 0.02 and 0.05 mm are provided, which are both attached to the swelling mat 104 the ring portion 116 or 116a and the outer surface of the ceramic body 103 are pressed. These thin metal foils form an absolutely gas-tight seal in the gap space in which the swelling mat 104 is arranged, but - especially if they are glued to the swelling mat 104 but not to the ring section 116 - hinder the thermal expansion of this ring section compared to the practically its diameter maintaining ceramic body 103.
  • the film 118 slides against the section 116 'of the ring section 116 which is inclined to the surface 119 of the ceramic body 103, which can be reflected in the form of a fold 120 indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 5, all of which Subsequent temperature changes regardless of a sliding of the film 118 on the ring section 116 intercepts the expansion differences between the ring section 116 and the ceramic body 103.
  • the foil should be up to max. extend to the apex 121 of the ring portion 116.
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlarged partial cross section along the line VI-VI in FIG. 4, from which the structure of the housing 101 from two half-shells can be seen. Accordingly, the individual strips of the swelling mat 104 are butted at this interface 122. In order to nevertheless achieve the desired seal along this edge, the metal foil is designed to overlap in this area.
  • the variant of the invention according to FIGS. 4 to 6 is not limited to the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the exhaust gas flow also the outermost edge zones, i.e. can penetrate the outermost honeycombs of the ceramic body 103 - it would also be possible to also cover the gaps in the area of the gas outlet end faces 123 of the ceramic bodies 103 between the shielding plate ring sections 116a and 116 surrounding them with the aid of a film 118, although the problem can be seen there a blow-out risk is considerably smaller than in each case on the gas inlet end face 117.
  • the film 118 need not necessarily be made of metal, although, in the current state of the art, high-temperature-resistant gas-tight films can primarily be produced from metal for the purposes mentioned.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine katakytische Abgasentgiftungseinrichtung mit wenigstens einem in einem aus zwei Schalen bestehendem metallischen Außengehäuse mit stirnseitigen Abgaszu-und -abführstutzen angeordneten wabenartig strukturierten monolithischen Keramikköper mit einer katalytisch wirksamen Oberflächenbeschichtung, wobei dem Außengehäuse und dem Keramikkörper eine Federmatte zwischengeordnet ist und die Bereiche des Außengehäuses vor und hinter den Keramikkörpern von Abschirmungen überdeckt sind.The invention relates to a catalytic exhaust gas detoxification device with at least one honeycomb-like structured monolithic ceramic body with a catalytically active surface coating arranged in a metallic outer housing consisting of two shells with front exhaust gas inlet and outlet connections, with a spring mat interposed between the outer housing and the ceramic body and the areas of the outer housing in front of and behind the ceramic bodies are covered by shields.

Bei diesem üblichen Aufbau katalytischer Abgasentgitftungseinrichtungen, wobei ggf. im Bereich der Ein- und Ausgangstrichter des Gehäuses eine zusätzliche Innenabschirmung vorgesehen ist, ergibt sich die Schwierigkeit einer absolut sicheren wackelfreien Halterung des Keramikkörpers, da ein Schlagen des Keramikkörpers in einer lockergewordenen Halterung in allerkürzester Zeit zum Zerbrechen der doch recht porösen Keramik führen müßte.With this customary construction of catalytic exhaust gas purification devices, with additional internal shielding possibly being provided in the area of the inlet and outlet funnels of the housing, there is the difficulty of absolutely secure, wobble-free mounting of the ceramic body, since the ceramic body strikes in a loosened mounting in the shortest possible time Breaking the quite porous ceramics should result.

Dabei ergibt sich zum einen die Schwierigkeit, daß sehr unterschiedliche Ausdehnungskoeffizienten zwischen der Keramik und dem Metallgehäuse bestehen, die angesichts der hohen im Betrieb auftretenden Temperaturdifferenzen sich besonders stark auswirken. Diese Temperaturdifferenzen lassen sich zwar durch die bekannten Federmatten weitestgehend ausgleichen, wobei jedoch auf der anderen Seite wiederum das Problem besteht, daß die Federmatten, insbesondere in ihrer bevorzugten Ausführungsform aus Aluminium-Silikat-Fasern oder einer ähnlichen Mineralfaserbasis, dazu tendieren, durch den Abgasstrom aus dem Spalt zwischen Keramikkörper und Gehäuse herausgerissen zu werden. Selbst unter Verwendung bauaufwendiger zusätzlicher Dichtstreifen oder Armierungen aus Metalldrahtgewebe - man vergl. beispielsweise EP-A 0 176 722 (Stand der Technik gemäß Art. 54.3 der EPÜ) - lässt sich dieses Ausblasen meist nur unvollständig verhindern, wobei ein vollständiges Ersetzen einer Mineralfaser-Federmatte durch ein Metallgestrick den Nachteil mit sich bringt, daß zum einen ein By-Pass entsteht, in welchem eine Entgiftung nicht stattfindet und zum anderen derartige Metallgestrickschläuche die hohen Temperaturdehnungsunterschiede nur ungenügend abfangen können.On the one hand, there is the difficulty that there are very different expansion coefficients between the ceramic and the metal housing, which have a particularly strong effect in view of the high temperature differences that occur during operation. These temperature differences can be largely compensated for by the known spring mats, but on the other hand there is again the problem that the spring mats, in particular in their preferred embodiment made of aluminum silicate fibers or a similar mineral fiber base, tend to be emitted by the exhaust gas flow to be torn out of the gap between the ceramic body and the housing. Even when using additional sealing strips or reinforcements made of metal wire mesh - see, for example, EP-A 0 176 722 (state of the art according to Art. 54.3 of the EPC) - this blow-out can usually only be prevented incompletely, with a complete replacement of a mineral fiber spring mat by means of a metal knitted fabric has the disadvantage that, on the one hand, a by-pass arises, in which detoxification does not take place and, on the other hand, such metal knitted fabric hoses can only insufficiently absorb the high temperature expansion differences.

Schließlich besteht auch noch die Problematik, daß das Gehäuse aus einem sehr temperaturfesten Material bestehen muß, wobei in der Praxis die hohe Temperaturfestigkeit der hierfür einsetzbaren Stahlbleche nur mit Materialien erzielbar ist, die besonders hohe Wärmedehnungskoeffizienten aufweisen. Die Erfüllung einer der notwendigen Forderungen an das Metallgehäuse führt also dazu, daß eine andere wesentliche Eigenschaft nicht vorhanden ist.Finally, there is also the problem that the housing must be made of a very temperature-resistant material, and in practice the high temperature resistance of the steel sheets that can be used for this purpose can only be achieved with materials that have particularly high thermal expansion coefficients. Fulfilling one of the necessary requirements for the metal housing means that another essential property is not present.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine katalytische Abgasentgiftungseinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art so auszugestalten, daß auch unter Berücksichtigung der starken Ausdehnungsunterschiede stets eine sichere Lagerung der Keramikkörper gewährleistet ist und daß sich die gesamte Einrichtung mit möglichst geringen Formkosten und bei einfachem Aufbau und einfacher Montage herstellen läßt.The invention is therefore based on the object of designing a catalytic exhaust gas detoxification device of the type mentioned in such a way that safe storage of the ceramic body is always guaranteed, even taking into account the large expansion differences, and that the entire device can be formed with the lowest possible molding costs and with simple construction and simple assembly can be made.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß die Schalen des Außengehäuses einschließlich der Abgaszu- und -abführstutzen einstückig durchgehende Bauteile sind und daß im tragenden Außengehäuse eine aus temperaturfestem Metall bestehende, im Mantelbereich der Keramikkörper ggf. mit Aussparungen oder Unterbrechungen versehene gehäuseartige Haltevorrichtung angeordnet ist, die zumindest außerhalb der Lagerabschnitte für die Keramikkörper in Abstand vom Außengehäuse verläuft und (zum Ausgleich unterschiedlicher thermischer Ausdehungen) zumindest an einem Stirnende axial frei verschiebbar gehaltert ist.To achieve this object, it is provided according to the invention that the shells of the outer housing including the exhaust gas inlet and outlet connections are integral components and that a housing-like holding device which is made of temperature-resistant metal and is optionally provided with recesses or interruptions in the jacket region of the ceramic body is arranged in the supporting outer housing , which runs at least outside the bearing sections for the ceramic body at a distance from the outer housing and (to compensate for different thermal expansions) is held axially freely displaceable at least at one end.

Das erfindungsgemässe Vorsehen eines Innengehäuses ermöglicht - insbesondere dann, wenn es über die gesamte Länge des Gehäuses in Abstand vom Außengehäuse verläuft und somit seinerseits dicht an dem Außenmantel der Keramikkörper angepreßt wird - den Aufbau eines Konverters, bei welchem die Gefahr eines Ausblasens der Federmatten völlig vermieden ist, da der Spaltraum außerhalb der Keramikkörper, in welchem diese Federmatten angeordnet sind, dann vom Abgasstrom überhaupt nicht erreicht werden kann.The provision of an inner housing according to the invention enables the construction of a converter, in which the risk of blow-out of the spring mats is completely avoided, in particular if it runs at a distance from the outer housing over the entire length of the housing and is therefore pressed tightly against the outer jacket of the ceramic body is because the gap outside the ceramic body, in which these spring mats are arranged, cannot be reached by the exhaust gas flow at all.

Dabei ist allerdings diese Ausblasverhinderung nicht das alleinige und das hauptsächliche Ziel des erfindungsgemäßen durchgehenden Innengehäuses. Dieses Innengehäuse ermöglicht nämlich einen Aufbau, bei dem das Außengehäuse aus einem billigerem weniger temperaturfesten, und dennoch tragfähigen Metallblech besteht, das, worauf bereits eingangs hingewiesen worden ist, einen erheblich kleineren Wärmedehungskoeffizienten aufweist. Dadurch sind die Probleme eines absolut wackelfreien Sitzes der Keramikkörper verringert. Die fehlende oder geringere Temperaturfestigkeit des Außsenbleches wird dadurch aber problemlos ermöglicht, daß es durch das Innengehäuse von den hohen Temperaturwerten sehr stark abgeschirmt ist und zwar gilt dies sowohl wenn zwischen Innen- und Außengehäuse ein Luftmantel, als auch in den Fällen, in denen überall, insbesondere auch in den Ein-und Auslaßstutzen, eine Isoliermatte, vornehmlich auf Aluminium-Silikat-Faserbasis oder eine sog. Quellmatte angeordnet ist.However, this blowout prevention is not the sole and the main goal of the continuous inner housing according to the invention. This inner housing enables a structure in which the outer housing consists of a cheaper, less temperature-resistant, yet load-bearing metal sheet which, as has already been mentioned at the beginning, has a considerably smaller coefficient of thermal expansion. This reduces the problems of an absolutely wobble-free fit of the ceramic bodies. The lack or lower temperature resistance of the outer sheet is made possible by the fact that it is shielded very strongly from the high temperature values by the inner casing, and this applies both when an air jacket between the inner and outer casing, as well as in cases where everywhere, in particular, an insulating mat, primarily based on aluminum-silicate fiber or a so-called swelling mat, is also arranged in the inlet and outlet ports.

Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung ist die kostengünstige Fertigung, da die einstückige Fertigung der Gehäuseschalen sowohl von den Werkzeugkosten als auch den Montagekosten her erheblich einfacher ist, als wenn man das Gehäuse aus einer Mehrzahl von zylindrischen Zwischenstücken und jeweils daran zu befestigenden Verbindungskonusabschnitten aufbaut.Another major advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is the cost-effective production, since the one-piece production of the housing shells is considerably easier both in terms of tool costs and the assembly costs than if the housing is constructed from a plurality of cylindrical intermediate pieces and connecting cone sections to be fastened thereon.

Bei einem Aufbau der Anordnung derart, daß das Innengehäuse im Lagerabschnitt der Keramikkörper an der Innenfläche des Außengehäuses anliegt, so daß also an dieser Stelle die direkt aneinanderliegenden Innen- und Außengehäuse sich über die Quellmatte oder eine Aluminium-Silikat-Fasermatte am Mantel des Keramikkörpers abstützen, ist es an sich bekannterweise zweckmäßig, einen zusätzlichen Ausblasschutz vorzusehen, der beispielsweise durch stirnseitige Dichtringe gebildet sein kann.With a structure of the arrangement such that the inner housing in the bearing section of the ceramic body rests against the inner surface of the outer housing, so that at this point the inner and outer housings which lie directly against one another extend over the swelling mat or an aluminum silicate fiber mat Support on the jacket of the ceramic body, it is known to be useful to provide an additional blowout protection, which can be formed for example by end seals.

Beim Aufbau des Gehäuses derart, daß das Innengehäuse durchgehend in Abstand vom Außengehäuse verläuft, hat es sich dabei als besonders zweckmäßig erwiesen, wenn das Innengehäuse mit von den Stirnflächen der Keramikkörper beabstandeten Ausnehmungen versehen ist, durch welche die am Außengehäuse abgestützte Federmatte direkt im Kontakt mit der Mantelfläche der Keramikkörper steht. Um dabei dennoch auch die thermischen Ausdehnungsunterschiede abfangenden festen Sitz des Innengehäuses auf dem Keramikkörper zu gewährleisten, ist in Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß die die Stirnenden der Keramikkörper umfassenden Ringabschnitte des Innengehäuses mit von den Stirnflächen endenden, federnde Anlagezungen bildenden axialen Schlitzen versehen sind.When the housing is constructed in such a way that the inner housing runs continuously at a distance from the outer housing, it has proven to be particularly expedient if the inner housing is provided with recesses spaced from the end faces of the ceramic body, through which the spring mat supported on the outer housing is in direct contact with the outer surface of the ceramic body is. In order to nevertheless ensure that the thermal expansion differences are firmly seated on the inner housing on the ceramic body, it is provided in an embodiment of the invention that the ring sections of the inner housing comprising the ends of the ceramic bodies are provided with axial slots which form resilient contact tongues and which end from the end faces.

Durch Vorziehen der Federmatte derart, daß sie zumindest die geschlitzten Abschnitte des Innengehäuses unter federnder Anpressung der Anlagezungen an die Mantelfläche des Keramikkörpers übergreift, ist dabei sichergestellt, daß unter Einrechnung auch unvermeidbarer Fertigungstoleranzen sowohl der Keramikkörper als auch des Innen-und Außengehäuses in jedem Fall die Federzungen fest an den Außenmantel des Keramikkörpers angepreßt werden und somit ein absolut wackelfreier Sitz gegeben ist. Es besteht in diesem Fall sowohl eine Sicherung gegen ein Rütteln des Keramikkörpers im Innenrohr als auch im Außenrohr, das infolge der Ausnehmungen des Innenrohrs über die Federmatte direkt gegenüber dem Keramikkörper abgestützt ist.By pulling the spring mat in such a way that it overlaps at least the slotted sections of the inner housing with resilient pressure of the contact tongues on the outer surface of the ceramic body, it is ensured that including the unavoidable manufacturing tolerances, both the ceramic body and the inner and outer housing in each case Spring tongues are pressed firmly against the outer jacket of the ceramic body, thus ensuring an absolutely wobble-free fit. In this case, there is both a safeguard against shaking of the ceramic body in the inner tube and in the outer tube, which is supported directly against the ceramic body as a result of the recesses in the inner tube via the spring mat.

Dabei ergibt sich der zusätzliche Vorteil, daß durch das Anpressen des stirnseitigen Ringabschnittes des Innengehäuses an dem Keramikkörpermantel ein By-Pass über dem Lagerspalt zwischen Keramikkörper und Außengehäuse sicher abgeschirmt ist, was wiederum zur Folge hat, daß es nicht notwendig ist, durch zusätzliche Dichtringe od. dgl. den äußeren Umfangsabschnitt der Stirnfläche des Keramikkörpers abzuschirmen. Eine solche Abschirmung bewirkt nämlich, daß dieser äußere Ringabschnitt für die Abgasentgiftung nicht wirksam ist, da die Randzone des Keramikkörpers nicht vom Abgas durchströmt wird und somit quasi nutzlos ist.This gives the additional advantage that a by-pass over the bearing gap between the ceramic body and the outer housing is securely shielded by pressing the end-face ring portion of the inner housing on the ceramic body jacket, which in turn means that it is not necessary to od by additional sealing rings To shield the outer peripheral portion of the end face of the ceramic body. Such a shield has the effect that this outer ring section is not effective for the exhaust gas detoxification, since the edge zone of the ceramic body is not flowed through by the exhaust gas and is therefore virtually useless.

Durch den auch unter Einrechnung der Temperaturausdehnungsunterschiede sicheren Klemmsitz der geschlitzten stimseitigen Ringabschnitte des Innengehäuses auf den Keramikkörpem ist es möglich, die Aussparungen rundumlaufend auszubilden, so daß ein Gleitsitz der dadurch entstehenden Stirnenden des Innengehäuses gegeben ist. Dieser Gleitsitz, der zum Abfangen der unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungsunterschiede zwischen Innen- und Außengehäuse in jedem, zumindest an einer Stirnseite, aber vorzugsweise an zwei Enden erforderlich ist, braucht auf diese Art und Weise nicht in den Anschlußbereich auf der Ein- und Auslaßseite verlegt zu werden, so daß es dort möglich ist, das Innen- und Außengehäuse unmittelbar miteinander zu verschweißen.Due to the secure clamping fit of the slotted face-side ring sections of the inner housing on the ceramic body, even taking into account the differences in temperature expansion, it is possible to form the recesses all around, so that the resulting front ends of the inner housing are sliding. This sliding fit, which is necessary to intercept the different expansion differences between the inner and outer housing in each, at least on one end face, but preferably on two ends, does not need to be moved in this way into the connection area on the inlet and outlet sides, so that it is possible to weld the inner and outer housing directly together.

Ggf. zusätzlich, insbesondere aber dann, wenn ein solcher Schiebesitz durch rundumlaufende Ausbildung der Ausnehmung des Innengehäuses über dem Keramikkörper nicht gegeben ist, soll jeweils ein Gleitsitz des Endes des Innengehäuses zum Außengehäuse am Ende des Ein- und/oder Ausgangstrichters vorgesehen sein.Possibly. in addition, but especially if such a sliding fit is not provided by the all-round design of the recess in the inner housing above the ceramic body, a sliding fit of the end of the inner housing to the outer housing should be provided at the end of the inlet and / or outlet funnel.

In diesem Fall ist es darüber hinaus auch zweckmäßig, zusätzlich einen Dichtring zwischen Innen-und Außengehäuse im Bereich des Gleitsitzes vorzusehen, um von vorne herein zu vermeiden, daß an dieser Stelle Abgas zwischen die beiden Gehäuse gelangen kann und um auf der anderen Seite auch eine stärkere thermische Entkopplung zwischen Innen- und Außengehäuse zu erzielen. Der Ein- und/oder Ausgangstrichter des Außengehäuses können sowohl mit einem Anschlußflansch verschweißt sein, um das Einbringen eines derartigen Konverters in eine Abgasanlage durch Verschrauben mit dem Gegenflansch der übrigen Rohrleitungen sehr einfach bewerkstelligen zu können. Darüber hinaus wäre es aber auch möglich, den Ein-und/oder Ausgangstrichter durch Einstecken ggf. durch zusätzliches Verschweißen mit einem Rohr der Abgasrohrleitung zu verbinden. Im Falle des insbesonders katalytischen Eingangstrichters eines solchen Abgaskonverters soll dabei ein, die Gefahr einer Verzunderung verhinderndes Vorrohr vorgesehen sein, um die Gefahr auszuschließen, daß Zunderpartikel sich vor die Eingangsfläche des Keramikkörpers setzen und damit seine durchgehenden Kanäle zusetzen können. Bei direkter Verbindung mit einem solchen Vorrohr kann der Gleitsitz durch verjüngte Ausbildung des Stirnendes dieses Vorrohrs gebildet sein, welches mit seinem anschließenden erweiterten Abschnitt mit Paßsitz in das Ende des Außengehäuses eingesteckt und ggfs. auch dort noch zusätzlich verschweißt sein kann.In this case, it is also expedient to additionally provide a sealing ring between the inner and outer housing in the area of the sliding seat, in order to avoid from the outset that exhaust gas can get between the two housings at this point and also on the other side Achieve stronger thermal decoupling between the inner and outer housing. The inlet and / or outlet funnel of the outer housing can both be welded to a connecting flange in order to be able to easily insert such a converter into an exhaust system by screwing it to the counter flange of the other pipelines. In addition, however, it would also be possible to connect the inlet and / or outlet funnel to a pipe of the exhaust pipe by inserting it, if necessary by additional welding. In the case of the catalytic inlet funnel of such an exhaust gas converter in particular, a pre-pipe which prevents the risk of scaling should be provided in order to rule out the risk that scale particles settle in front of the input surface of the ceramic body and thus block its continuous channels. In the case of a direct connection to such a front tube, the sliding seat can be formed by tapering the front end of this front tube, which with its subsequent enlarged section fits snugly into the end of the outer housing and, if necessary, can also be additionally welded there.

Bei den vorstehend beschriebenen durchgehenden oder aber zumindest teilweise den Randbereich der Keramikkörper noch umfassenden Innengehäusen besteht der Vorteil, daß die Abgase die der Lagerung dienenden Federmatten, wobei mit besonderem Vorzug sog. Quellmatten verwendet werden, d.h. Matten auf Mineralfaserbasis, die bei Temperaturerhöhung sich stark aufblähen, nicht erreichen können, so daß die Gefahr eines Ausblasens dieser Mineralfasermatten völlig vermieden ist. Auf der anderen Seite ergibt sich bei dieser Umfassung der Keramikkörper durch die Innengehäuse immer eine gewisse Spannungsbeanspruchung und letztendlich eine gewisse Bruchgefahr.In the case of the continuous housings described above or at least partially encompassing the edge region of the ceramic body, there is the advantage that the exhaust gases are the spring mats used for storage, with so-called swelling mats being used with particular preference, i.e. Mineral fiber-based mats, which inflate strongly when the temperature rises, cannot reach them, so that the danger of blowing out these mineral fiber mats is completely avoided. On the other hand, with this encirclement of the ceramic body, there is always a certain stress load and ultimately a certain risk of breakage due to the inner housing.

Um diese zu vermeiden und gleichwohl der Gefahr eines Ausblasens der als Federkissen verwendeten Mineralfasermatte wirksam entgegenzuwirken, kann in Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgesehen sein, daß das Innengehäuse lediglich die Innenflächen der Abgaszu- und -abführstutzen sowie ggfs. den Zwischenraum des Außengehäuses zwischen zwei hintereinanderliegenden Keramikkörpern überdeckt und daß das konische bzw. zylindrische Abschirmblech zumindest im Bereich der Gaseintrittsstirnfläche eines Keramikkörpers diesen mit Abstand berührungsfrei umfaßt und der Spalt zum Keramikkörper durch eine dünne, flexible temperaturfeste Folie, insbes. eine Metallfolie, überdeckt ist, die von der elastischen Lagerung an das Abschirmblech und den Keramikkörper angepreßt wird.In order to avoid this and nevertheless effectively counteract the risk of blowing out the mineral fiber mat used as a spring cushion, in a further development of the invention it can be provided that the inner housing only covers the inner surfaces of the exhaust gas inlet and outlet connections and, if necessary, the space between the outer housing between two ceramic bodies lying one behind the other and that the conical or cylindrical shielding plate at least in the area of the gas entry face of a ceramic body includes this at a distance without contact and the gap to the ceramic body is covered by a thin, flexible temperature-resistant film, in particular a metal film, which is pressed by the elastic mounting on the shielding plate and the ceramic body.

Zu diesem Zweck sind zwar bereits eine Vielzahl von Vorschlägen gemacht worden, die in den meisten Fällen darauf beruhen, daß zusätzliche Abdichtringe die Stirnfläche des Keramikkörpers teilweise übergreifen, um eine Abschirmung des Lagerspalts vor den pulsierenden Abgasströmen - sicherzustellen. Abgesehen von den Schwierigkeiten, hierbei wirklich eine exakte Abdichtung erreichen zu können, und dem relativ hohen Aufwand, verbunden mit der weiteren Gefahr, daß durch das Angreifen dieser Dichtringe am Keramikkörper wiederum die Gefahr einer Beschädigung aufgrund der temperaturbedingten Ausdehnungsunterschiede gegeben ist, ergibt sich bei einer solchen Art der Spaltabdichtung der Nachteil, daß ein Teil der Eintrittsoberfläche des Keramikkörpers durch einen von außen eingreifenden Dichtringrand überdeckt wird und somit ein nicht unerheblicher Teil der für die Entgiftungswirkung oder die Rußnachverbrennung wirksamen inneren Oberfläche des Keramikkörpers blockiert ist.A large number of proposals have already been made for this purpose, which in most cases are based on the fact that additional sealing rings partially overlap the end face of the ceramic body in order to ensure that the bearing gap is shielded from the pulsating exhaust gas flows. Apart from the difficulties of being able to achieve an exact seal here, and the relatively high outlay associated with the further risk that attacking these sealing rings on the ceramic body again results in the risk of damage due to the temperature-related expansion differences Such a type of gap sealing has the disadvantage that a part of the entry surface of the ceramic body is covered by a sealing ring edge which engages from the outside and thus a not inconsiderable part of the inner surface of the ceramic body which is effective for the detoxification effect or the soot afterburning is blocked.

Dieser Nachteil besteht entsprechend auch bei einer bereits vorgeschlagenen Lagerung, bei der das Federkissen über die Stirnkanten des Keramikkörpers übersteht und durch eine eingezogene Formgebung des Gehäuses als umgebogener Wulst die Stirnkante übergreift. Daneben ist im übrigen auch nach wie vor die Schwierigkeit des Ausblasens durch diese überstehende Wulstlagerung in keiner Weise beseitigt oder auch nur verbessert.This disadvantage correspondingly also exists in the case of an already proposed bearing arrangement in which the spring cushion protrudes beyond the end edges of the ceramic body and engages over the end edge through a drawn-in shape of the housing as a bent bead. In addition, the difficulty of blowing out by this protruding bead bearing is in no way eliminated or even improved.

Eine Vereinfachung des Gehäuseaufbaus, insbesondere in dem Sinne, daß für das eigentliche Gehäuse relativ billige Stahlbleche verwendet werden können, die dafür nicht so temperaturfest sind, ist bereits in einer älteren Anmeldung vorgeschlagen worden, daß zur Abschirmung in den nicht vom Keramikkörper überdeckten Flächenbereichen des Außengehäuses in Abstand zu diesen verlaufende Abschirmbleche vorgesehen sind. Die Abschirmbleche brauchen keine Tragfunktion aufzuweisen, so daß sie aus relativ dünnen Blechen bestehen können, die dann auch ohne allzu große Kostennachteile und mit dem Vorteil einfacher Verarbeitbarkeit aus hochtemperaturfesten teuren Werkstoffen bestehen können. Auch in diesem Fall ergeben sich jedoch nach wie vor Schwierigkeiten entweder mit der Ausblassicherheit der Federkissenlagerung oder aber mit der vollkommenen Raumausnützung des inneren Volumens des Keramikkörpers zur Abgasreinigung.A simplification of the housing structure, in particular in the sense that relatively cheap steel sheets can be used for the actual housing, which are not so temperature-resistant for this purpose, has already been proposed in an earlier application that for shielding in the surface areas of the outer housing not covered by the ceramic body at a distance from these extending shielding plates are provided. The shielding plates do not have to have a supporting function, so that they can consist of relatively thin plates, which can then consist of high-temperature-resistant, expensive materials without too great cost disadvantages and with the advantage of being easy to process. In this case too, however, difficulties still arise either with the blow-out protection of the spring cushion bearing or with the complete use of space in the inner volume of the ceramic body for exhaust gas purification.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung der eingangs beschriebenen Art so auszugestalten, daß bei einfachem Aufbau und ohne Beeinträchtigung und Einengung der Eintrittsstirnfläche der Keramikkörper eine auch unter Berücksichtigung der starken unterschiedlichen thermischen Ausdehnungen der beteiligten Bauteile eine sichere feste und jede Bruchgefährdung ausschließende Lagerung des Keramikkörpers sichergestellt ist, bei der also insbesondere auch ein Ausblasen des Federkissens durch die pulsierenden Abgase sicher verhindert ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of designing an exhaust gas purification device of the type described in such a way that, with a simple structure and without impairment and narrowing of the inlet end face of the ceramic body, a bearing which is safe and solid and excludes any risk of breakage, even taking into account the large differences in thermal expansion of the components involved of the ceramic body is ensured, so that in particular blowing out of the spring cushion by the pulsating exhaust gases is reliably prevented.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß das konische bzw. zylindrische Abschirmblech zumindest im Bereich der Gaseintrittsstirnfläche eines Keramikkörpers diesen mit Abstand umfaßt, und der Spalt zum Keramikkörper durch eine dünne, flexible temperaturfeste Folie, insbes. eine Metallfolie, überdeckt ist, die von der elastischen Lagerung an das Abschirmblech und den Keramikkörper angepreßt wird.To achieve this object, it is provided according to the invention that the conical or cylindrical shielding plate at least in the area of the gas inlet end face of a ceramic body surrounds it at a distance, and the gap to the ceramic body is covered by a thin, flexible, temperature-resistant film, in particular a metal film, which is covered by the elastic mounting is pressed against the shielding plate and the ceramic body.

Durch diese erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung ist zum einen die optimale Abdichtung des Lagerspalts gegen die Abgasströme dadurch erzielt, daß quasi eine Metallabschirmwandung direkt an die Mantelfläche des Keramikkörpers gezogen ist, wobei jedoch durch die Ausbildung des Übergangsabschnittes als flexible Metallfolie gleichwohl sichergestellt ist, daß thermische Ausdehnungsunterschiede sich nicht in Form von entsprechenden starken Verspannungen niederschlagen können, die zum Zerspringen des Keramikkörpers führen könnten.With this design according to the invention, on the one hand, the optimal sealing of the bearing gap against the exhaust gas flows is achieved in that, as it were, a metal shielding wall is drawn directly to the outer surface of the ceramic body, but the design of the transition section as a flexible metal foil nevertheless ensures that thermal expansion differences do not differ can precipitate in the form of corresponding strong tension, which could lead to the ceramic body shattering.

Die Metallfolie kann dabei mit der elastischen Lagerung oder dem Abschirmblech verklebt sein, wobei die Verklebung an der Unterseite des Federkissens besonders vorteilhaft ist. Durch eine solche Verklebung mit der Unterseite des Federkissens, wodurch die Folie an den Randabschnitt des Abschirmblechs einfach angedrückt wird, ergibt sich der große Vorteil, daß gerade beim erstmaligen Anlaufen einer solchen Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung, d.h. beim ersten Aufheizen, das Abschirmblech sich ungehindert nach außen ausdehnen kann und dabei an der Folie abgleitet, die ja durch das Anpressen an die Oberfläche des Keramikkörpers sich am anderen Ende praktisch nicht verschiebt. Wird die Vorrichtung außer Betrieb gesetzt und kühlt sich das Außengehäuse wieder ab, so wird allenfalls die Folie um Bruchteile eines Millimeters zusammengeschoben, so daß sich eine Art Falte bildet, die bei den späteren Aufheiz- und Abkühlzyklen problemlos die thermischen Ausdehnungsunterschiede auch unabhängig von dem Abgleiten des Abschirmblechs an der Folie selbst auffangen kann.The metal foil can be glued to the elastic mounting or the shielding plate, the gluing to the underside of the spring cushion being particularly advantageous. Such an adhesive bond to the underside of the spring cushion, as a result of which the film is simply pressed onto the edge section of the shielding plate, has the great advantage that precisely when such an exhaust gas cleaning device is started up for the first time, i.e. when heating up for the first time, the shielding plate can expand unhindered and thereby slide off on the film, which practically does not shift at the other end due to the pressure on the surface of the ceramic body. If the device is put out of operation and the outer housing cools down again, the film is pushed together by a fraction of a millimeter, so that a kind of fold is formed, which in the later heating and cooling cycles can easily accommodate the thermal expansion differences regardless of the sliding of the shielding plate can catch on the film itself.

Dabei hat es sich als besonders günstig erwiesen, das den Keramikkörper umgebende Ende des Abschirmrings als nach außen konkav gewölbten Ringabschnitt auszubilden, so daß also der der freien Kante benachbarte Abschnitt schräg zur Keramikkörperoberfläche hin geneigt ist.It has proven to be particularly expedient to design the end of the shielding ring surrounding the ceramic body as an outwardly concavely curved ring section, so that the section adjacent to the free edge is inclined towards the ceramic body surface.

In Verbindung mit einer Anordnung und Abmessung der Folie derart, daß sie sich maximal bis zum Scheitel des Ringabschnitts erstreckt, ist das vorstehend beschriebene Aneinanderabgleiten von Abschirmblech und Folie bzw. das genannte Zusammenschieben unter Bildung einer Ausdehnungstoleranzfalte sicher möglich.In connection with an arrangement and dimension of the film such that it extends up to the apex of the ring section, the above-described sliding of the shielding plate and film or the aforementioned pushing together is reliably possible with the formation of an expansion tolerance fold.

Bei einer Ausfüllung des Zwischenraums zwischen den Abschirmblechen und dem Außengehäuse durch eine Mineralfasermatte od. dgl., wobei in diesem Fall bevorzugt keine Quellmatte verwendet wird, da zwischen den beiden metallischen Gehäuseteilen keine derartig starken Ausdehnungsunterschiede bestehen, ist es dabei zweckmäßig, die Ausbildung so zu treffen, daß diese isolierende Matte etwa im Bereich des genannten gewölbten Ringabschnitts mit der das Federkissen bildenden Quellmatte zur Lagerung des Keramikkörpers zusammenstößt.When the space between the shielding plates and the outer housing is filled with a mineral fiber mat or the like, in which case no swelling mat is preferably used, since between the two metallic housings share no such strong differences in expansion, it is expedient to make the training so that this insulating mat collides with the swelling mat forming the spring cushion for storing the ceramic body approximately in the area of the curved ring section mentioned.

Bevorzugt erfolgt die Ausbildung und Einbringung des Federkissens in der Weise, daß in die Halbschalen des Gehäuses jeweils Streifen eingelegt werden, die den Keramikkörper auf seinem Umfang zur Hälfte umfassen. In diesem Fall sollte bevorzugt die Folie im Bereich der Trennfugen überlappend ausgebildet sein.The spring cushion is preferably designed and inserted in such a way that strips are inserted into the half-shells of the housing, each covering half of the ceramic body on its circumference. In this case, the film should preferably be overlapping in the area of the parting lines.

Mit besonderem Vorteil kann die Folie aus Edelstahl bestehen, wobei es sich gezeigt hat, daß in diesem Fall Foliendicken von 0,01 bis 0,1 mm, vorzugsweise etwa zwischen 0,02 mm und 0,05 mm, besonders günstig sind.The film can be made of stainless steel with particular advantage, it having been found that film thicknesses of 0.01 to 0.1 mm, preferably approximately between 0.02 mm and 0.05 mm, are particularly favorable in this case.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung einiger Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der Zeichnung. Dabei zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine teilweise aufgebrochene Seitenansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines sog. Konverters einer katalytischen Abgasentgiftungseinrichtung,
  • Fig. 2 einen vergrößerten Teillängsschnitt durch eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform, bei der anstelle eines Anschlußflansches ein Vorrohranschluß vorgesehen ist,
  • Fig. 3 einen Teilschnitt durch eine Anordnung, bei der das Innengehäuse durchgehend ausgebildet im Lagerabschnitt des Keramikkörpers am Außengehäuse anliegt,
  • Fig. 4 einen Teil-Längsschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Konverters, bei der das Innengehäuse die Keramikkörper berührungsfrei umfaßt,
  • Fig. 5 eine Vergrößerung des stirnseitien Lagerbereichs des Keramikkörpers entsprechend dem Ausschnitt V in Fig. 4, und
  • Fig. 6 einen vergrößerten Teilschnitt längs der Linie VI-VI in Fig. 4.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of some exemplary embodiments and from the drawing. Show:
  • 1 is a partially broken side view of a first embodiment of a so-called converter of a catalytic exhaust gas detoxification device,
  • 2 shows an enlarged partial longitudinal section through a modified embodiment, in which a front pipe connection is provided instead of a connecting flange,
  • 3 shows a partial section through an arrangement in which the inner housing is in continuous contact with the outer housing in the bearing section of the ceramic body,
  • 4 shows a partial longitudinal section through a further embodiment of a converter, in which the inner housing comprises the ceramic body without contact.
  • Fig. 5 is an enlargement of the front bearing area of the ceramic body corresponding to the section V in Fig. 4, and
  • 6 is an enlarged partial section along the line VI-VI in Fig. 4th

Der in Figur 1 gezeigte Konverter, d.h. das die katalytisch beschichteten Keramikkörper und die trichterförmigen Ein- und Auslaßstutzen umfassende Kernstück einer erfindungsgemäßen Abgasentgiftungseinrichtung, umfaßt ein Außengehäuse 1 aus einem Metallblech, welches nur einen geringen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweist, selbst wenn es nicht besonders temperaturfest ist, sowie ein Innengehäuse 2 aus temperaturfestem relativ dünnen Metallblech oder Metallfolie. Beide Gehäuse bestehen aus jeweils zwei miteinander verschweißten oder durch Schachtelung verbundenen Halbschalen, die ihrerseits durchgehend in einem Formwerkzeug gefertigt worden sind, so daß eine Montage aus einzelnen trichterförmigen Abschnitten und verbindenden Zylinderabschnitten, wie sie bisher bei solchen Konvertern meist vorgesehen sind, vermieden wird. Der Aufwand für die Herstellung einer entsprechenden größeren Form ist dabei sowohl vom reinen Formaufwand, insbesondere auch zusätzlich noch vom Montageaufwand her erheblich geringer als bei einer derartigen üblichen Einzelteilfertigung. Das Innengehäuse 2 verläuft durchgehend über die gesamte Länge - mit Ausnahme allenfalls der stirnseitigen Endabschnitte - in Abstand vom Außengehäuse 1. Der dazwischenliegende Spalt kann dabei abweichend von der Darstellung in Figur 1 zur Gänze von einer isolierenden Matte, beispielsweise aus Aluminium-Silikat-Faser ausgefüllt sein. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist im Bereich des Eingangstrichters 3 und des Ausgangstrichters 4 ein Luftspalt zwischen den beiden Gehäusen angeordnet, der in den meisten Fällen ebenfalls eine ausreichende thermische Entkopplung gewährleistet. Auf der Eingangsseite ist das Außengehäuse in einen Befestigungsflansch 5 eingeschweißt, wobei das durch einen Dichtring 6 demgegenüber abgestützte Innengehäuse einen durch den eingezogenen Rohrabschnitt 7 gewährleisteten Schiebesitz aufweist, so daß die starken thermischen Ausdehnungsunterschiede zwischen den unterschiedlichen Materialien des Innen- und Außengehäuses durch unbehindertes Verschieben des Endrohrabschnittes 8 des Innengehäuses im umgebenden Rohrabschnitt 9 des Außengehäuses ausgeglichen werden kann. Im Lagerabschnitt der beiden wabenartig strukturierten monolithischen Keramikkörper 10 und 11 ist das Innengehäuse mit einer Aussparung 12 bzw. 12' versehen, wobei die Aussparung 12 im Bereich des ersten Keramikkörpers 10 zwei Abschnitte umfaßt, die in Umfangsrichtung gesehen sich über einen Winkel von weniger als 180° erstrecken, so daß das Innengehäuse also im Bereich der seitlichen Streifen 14 noch durchgehend zusammenhängen. Im Bereich des zweiten Keramikkörpers 11 ist die Aussparung rund umlaufend ausgebildet, so daß das Innengehäuse an dieser Stelle also durch einen zylindrischen Abschnitt unterbrochen ist. Diese Aussparungen 12 bzw. 12' dienen dazu, damit die am Außengehäuse abgestützte Federmatte 13 im Bereich der Aussparungen 12 und 12' direkt in Kontakt mit der Mantelfläche der Keramikkörper 10, 11 steht. Es besteht also eine unmittelbare federnde Lagerung der Keramikkörper im Außengehäuse. Die die Keramikkörper 10 und 11 umfassenden Ringabschnitte 15 und 15', wobei die letzteren völlig voneinander getrennt beabstandet angeordnet sind, sind mit axialen Schlitzen 16 versehen, die federnde Anlagezungen 17 bilden. Die Schlitze 16 sind dabei selbstverständlich in ihren Abmessungen gehalten, daß sie vor den jeweiligen Stirnenden 18,19,20 und 21 der Keramikkörper 10, 11 enden. Die federnden Anlagezungen 17 werden durch die sich über sie hinweg erstreckende Federmatte 13 an die Mantelfläche des Keramikkörpers 10, 11 angepreßt und fangen damit sowohl die Toleranzunterschiede als auch die thermischen Ausdehnungsunterschiede ab. Durch diese Ausbildung ergibt sich eine Abdichtung des Spaltes zwischen den beiden Gehäusen, so daß die Federmatte 13 nicht durch Abgase ausgeblasen werden kann.The converter shown in Figure 1, that is, the core of an exhaust gas detoxification device according to the invention, comprising the catalytically coated ceramic body and the funnel-shaped inlet and outlet connections, comprises an outer housing 1 made of a metal sheet which has only a low coefficient of thermal expansion, even if it is not particularly temperature-resistant, and an inner housing 2 made of temperature-resistant, relatively thin sheet metal or metal foil. Both housings each consist of two half-shells welded to one another or connected by nesting, which in turn have been manufactured continuously in a molding tool, so that assembly from individual funnel-shaped sections and connecting cylinder sections, as has hitherto usually been provided in such converters, is avoided. The effort for the production of a correspondingly larger shape is considerably lower than in the case of such a customary single-part production, both in terms of the pure amount of shape, and in particular also in terms of assembly effort. The inner housing 2 runs continuously over the entire length - with the exception of at most the end sections - at a distance from the outer housing 1. In contrast to the illustration in FIG. 1, the gap in between can be completely filled with an insulating mat, for example made of aluminum silicate fiber be. In the illustrated embodiment, an air gap is arranged between the two housings in the area of the inlet funnel 3 and the outlet funnel 4, which in most cases also ensures adequate thermal decoupling. On the input side, the outer housing is welded into a mounting flange 5, the inner housing supported by a sealing ring 6 having a sliding seat guaranteed by the retracted pipe section 7, so that the strong thermal expansion differences between the different materials of the inner and outer housing by unimpeded displacement of the Tail pipe section 8 of the inner housing in the surrounding pipe section 9 of the outer housing can be compensated. In the bearing section of the two honeycomb-structured monolithic ceramic bodies 10 and 11, the inner housing is provided with a recess 12 and 12 ', respectively, the recess 12 in the region of the first ceramic body 10 comprising two sections which, viewed in the circumferential direction, extend over an angle of less than 180 ° extend so that the inner housing is still continuously connected in the area of the side strips 14. In the area of the second ceramic body 11, the recess is formed all round, so that the inner housing is interrupted at this point by a cylindrical section. These cutouts 12 and 12 'serve to ensure that the spring mat 13 supported on the outer housing is in direct contact with the outer surface of the ceramic bodies 10, 11 in the area of the cutouts 12 and 12'. So there is an immediate resilient mounting of the ceramic body in the outer housing. The ring sections 15 and 15 'comprising the ceramic bodies 10 and 11, the latter being arranged at a distance from one another, are provided with axial slots 16 which form resilient contact tongues 17. The slots 16 are of course kept in their dimensions so that they end in front of the respective ends 18, 19, 20 and 21 of the ceramic bodies 10, 11. The resilient contact tongues 17 are pressed against the outer surface of the ceramic body 10, 11 by the spring mat 13 extending over them and thus absorb both the tolerance differences and the thermal expansion differences. This design results in a sealing of the gap between the two housings, so that the spring mat 13 cannot be blown out by exhaust gases.

Die völlig rundumlaufende Ausbildung der Ausnehmung 12', d.h. quasi das Ausschneiden eines Zwischenstücks aus dem Innengehäuse hat dabei den Vorteil, daß die Ringabschnitte 15' in einem Schiebesitz auf dem Keramikkörper angeordnet sind, so daß der Schiebesitz nicht auf der Eingangseite zwischen Innen- und Außengehäuse ausgebildet sein muß, sondern statt dessen - wie es im Bereich des Ausgangsverbindungsflansches 22 dargestellt ist - das Innen- und Außengehäuse auch miteinander verschweißt sein können, da die thermischen Längsausdehnungsunterschiede über den Gleitsitz der Ringabschnitte 15' ausgeglichen werden können.The completely all-round design of the recess 12 ', that is to say the cutting out of an intermediate piece from the inner housing, has the advantage that the ring portions 15 'are arranged in a sliding seat on the ceramic body, so that the sliding seat does not have to be formed on the input side between the inner and outer housing, but instead - as shown in the area of the output connection flange 22 - the inside - And outer housing can also be welded to one another, since the thermal longitudinal expansion differences can be compensated for by the sliding fit of the ring sections 15 '.

Um Mißverständnisse zu vermeiden, sei an dieser Stelle darauf hingewiesen, daß man selbstverständlich einen Konverter nicht wie in Figur 1 mit verschiedenartigen Ausnehmungen 12, 12' des Innengehäuses im Bereich der Keramikkörper 10, 11 und verschiedenartigen Verbindungen zu den Eingangsflanschen 5 und dem Ausgangsflansch 22 ausbilden wird, sondern in den meisten Fällen eine gleichartige Konstruktion. Die unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltungen sind lediglich der Einfachheit halber in Figur 1 alle in eine Zeichnung eingetragen worden, um nicht die verschiedenen Varianten jeweils durch eine gesonderte Zeichnung wiedergeben zu müssen.In order to avoid misunderstandings, it should be pointed out at this point that, of course, a converter is not designed as in FIG. 1 with various recesses 12, 12 'of the inner housing in the area of the ceramic body 10, 11 and various connections to the input flanges 5 and the output flange 22 but in most cases a similar construction. The different configurations have all been entered in a drawing for the sake of simplicity, in order not to have to represent the different variants in each case by a separate drawing.

Die in Figur 1 gezeigte Ausbildung eines Konverters mit einem Innengehäuse 2, welches durchgehend einen Abstand zum Außengehäuse aufweist, hat den erheblichen Vorzug, daß der gesamte Querschnitt der Keramikkörper 10, 11 für die Abgasentgiftung zur Verfügung steht, da über die Ränder der Stirnflächen 18 bis 21 gezogene zusätzliche Dichtringe, die ein Ausblasen der Federmatte 13 verhindern sollen, nicht erforderlich sind.The design of a converter shown in FIG. 1 with an inner housing 2, which is continuously at a distance from the outer housing, has the considerable advantage that the entire cross section of the ceramic bodies 10, 11 is available for exhaust gas detoxification, since the edges of the end faces 18 to 21 drawn additional sealing rings, which are intended to prevent the spring mat 13 from blowing out, are not required.

Bei der in Figur 2 ausschnittsweise dargestellten geänderten Ausbildung des Eingangsabschnittes ist anstelle eines Befestigungsflansches 5 ein verzunderungsfreies Vorrohr 23 vorgesehen, welches mit eingezogenen Ringabschnitten 24 und 25 derart versehen ist, daß der Ringabschnitt 24 mit Preßsitz in den Endabschnitt 9 des Außengehäuses eingreift (ggf. dort auch verschweißt sein kann), während der in Abstand dazu liegende Endabschnitt 25 zur Bildung des Schiebesitzes des Innengehäuses 2 dient, d.h. die Funktion des Rohrabschnittes 7 in Figur 1 übernimmt.In the case of the modified configuration of the input section shown in FIG. 2, a scaling-free front pipe 23 is provided instead of a fastening flange 5, which is provided with retracted ring sections 24 and 25 in such a way that the ring section 24 press-fits into the end section 9 of the outer housing (possibly there can also be welded), while the spaced end portion 25 serves to form the sliding fit of the inner housing 2, ie the function of the pipe section 7 in Figure 1 takes over.

In Figur 3 ist schließlich eine abgewandelte Anordnung in einem Teilschnitt dargestellt, bei der das Innengehäuse 2 im Lagerbereich der Keramikkörper 10, 11 unmittelbar an der Innenseite des Außengehäuses 1 anliegt, so daß also die Federmatte 13' gänzlich innerhalb des Innengehäuses liegt. In diesem Fall ist es dann zweckmäßig, wie in Figur 3 beim rechten Stimende des Keramikkörpers dargestellt, einen zusätzlichen Dichtring 26 vorzusehen, um der bereits mehrfach beschriebenen Gefahr eines Ausblasens der Federmatte 13 entgegenzuwirken. In jedem Fall ist aber auch bei der Ausführungsvariante nach Figur 3 vorgesehen, daß die Schalen des Innengehäuses 2 und des Außengehäuses 1 einschließlich der Einlaßtrichter 3 und der Auslaßtrichter 4 als einstückige Teile gefertigt sind und daß bevorzugt das Innengehäuse 2 aus temperaturfestem Material besteht, während das Außengehäuse 1 aus einem ggf. weniger temperaturfesten Material gebildet ist, welches aber dafür einen geringeren Ausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweist, so daß auch bei den starken Temperaturunterschieden der Flächenpreßdruck auf den Monolith nicht so stark nachläßt.In Figure 3, a modified arrangement is finally shown in a partial section, in which the inner housing 2 in the storage area of the ceramic body 10, 11 rests directly on the inside of the outer housing 1, so that the spring mat 13 'lies entirely within the inner housing. In this case, it is then expedient, as shown in FIG. 3 for the right end of the ceramic body, to provide an additional sealing ring 26 in order to counteract the risk of the spring mat 13 blowing out, which has already been described several times. In any case, it is also provided in the embodiment variant according to Figure 3 that the shells of the inner housing 2 and the outer housing 1 including the inlet funnel 3 and the outlet funnel 4 are made as one-piece parts and that the inner housing 2 is preferably made of temperature-resistant material, while the Outer housing 1 is formed from a possibly less temperature-resistant material, which, however, has a lower coefficient of expansion, so that the surface pressure on the monolith does not decrease so much even with the strong temperature differences.

Die besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsvariante gemäß Figur 1 hat dabei den Vorteil, daß die Federmatte 13, die im allgemeinen aus einzelnen axial aneinandergesetzten Streifen besteht, wesentlich einfacher und ohne Probleme an die Paßgenauigkeit der Streifen aufgebracht werden kann. Infolge der Gefahr eines Durchblasens der Abgase in dem durch die Federmatte ausgefüllten Spalt ist es nämlich bisher erforderlich, daß die einzelnen Federmattenstreifen beim Umlegen um den Keramikkörper exakt und möglichst spaltfrei aneinanderanschlie- ßery. Zu diesem Zweck ist es häufig sogar vorgesehen, daß im einen eine stirnseitige Aussparung vorgesehen ist, in welche eine entsprechende Zunge des Gegenteils eingreift. Auf keinen Fall aber dürfen sich diese Teile überlappen. Durch die völlige Abdichtung des Spaltes zwischen dem erfindungsgemäßen Innengehäuse und einem Außengehäuse, wie es in Figur 1 erreicht ist, besteht eine derartige Notwendigkeit der zusätzlichen Abdichtung überhaupt nicht, so daß die Federmatte ggf. auch unter in Kaufnahme eines axialen Spaltes um den Keramikkörper gelegt werden kann, da ein solcher einige Millimeter betragender Spalt die Lagerung des Keramikkörpers im Gehäuse nicht beeninträchtigt.The particularly advantageous embodiment variant according to FIG. 1 has the advantage that the spring mat 13, which generally consists of individual strips placed axially against one another, can be applied to the fit of the strips much more easily and without problems. Because of the risk of the exhaust gases blowing through in the gap filled by the spring mat, it has hitherto been necessary for the individual spring mat strips to be connected to one another exactly and as gap-free as possible when folded over the ceramic body. For this purpose it is often even provided that an end recess is provided in one, in which a corresponding tongue of the opposite engages. Under no circumstances should these parts overlap. Due to the complete sealing of the gap between the inner housing according to the invention and an outer housing, as is achieved in FIG. 1, there is no need for such an additional sealing at all, so that the spring mat may also be placed around the ceramic body with the acceptance of an axial gap can, since such a gap of a few millimeters does not impair the storage of the ceramic body in the housing.

Bei 27 sind im Querschnitt verminderte Abschnitte des Innengehäuses dargestellt, die dafür sorgen, daß das Innengehäuse möglichst wenig thermischen Kontakt mit dem Außengehäuse hat.At 27, cross sections of reduced sections of the inner housing are shown, which ensure that the inner housing has as little thermal contact with the outer housing.

Anhand der Figuren 4 bis 6 ist eine Ausführungsform dargestellt, bei der das Innengehäuse lediglich die Innenflächen der Abgaszu- und -abführstutzen, sowie den Zwischenraum des Außengehäuses zwischen zwei hintereinanderliegenden Keramikkörpern überdeckt.An embodiment is shown on the basis of FIGS. 4 to 6, in which the inner housing only covers the inner surfaces of the exhaust gas inlet and outlet connections, as well as the intermediate space of the outer housing between two ceramic bodies lying one behind the other.

In dem im wesentlichen zylinderförmigen Außengehäuse 101, an welches konisch sich verjüngende Abgaszu- und -abführstutzen 102 sich anschließen, sind monolitische, wabenartig strukturierte Keramikkörper 103 gehaltert, deren Oberfläche ggfs. mit einer katalytisch wirksamen Oberflächenbeschichtung versehen ist. Zur Halterung dieser Keramikkörper sind sog. Quellmatten 104 vorgesehen, d.h. mit steigender Temperatur expandierende feuerfeste Fasermatten, die für eine zentrierte Halterung im Außengehäuse auch unter Berücksichtigung der stark unterschiedlichen Ausdehnung im Betrieb der Abgaseinigungsvorrichtung sorgen.Monolithic, honeycomb-like structured ceramic bodies 103 are held in the essentially cylindrical outer housing 101, which is followed by conically tapering exhaust gas inlet and outlet connections 102, the surface of which is optionally provided with a catalytically active surface coating. So-called swelling mats 104 are provided for holding these ceramic bodies, i.e. Fireproof fiber mats, which expand with increasing temperature, ensure a centered mounting in the outer housing, also taking into account the greatly different expansion during operation of the exhaust gas purification device.

Um für das Außengehäuse 101 und die anschließenden Abgaszu- und -abführstutzen 102 billigere, einfache Stahlbleche verwenden zu können, ist zunächst vorgesehen, daß die Innenflächen der Abgaszu- und -abführstutzen 102 mit thermisch isolierenden Matten 105 überdeckt sind, die ihrerseits von einem hochtemperaturfesten Abschirmblech 106 überdeckt werden. Ein entsprechendes Abschirmblech 106a ist im Übergangsbereich zwischen den beiden hintereinanderliegenden Keramikkörpern 103 vorgesehen, um auch in diesem Bereich das Außengehäuse gegenüber dem heißen Abgasstrom zu isolieren. Die Abschirmbleche 106 sind in ihrer äußeren Randzone 114 mit dem Außengehäuse 101 und einem Befestigungsflansch 115 verschweißt, der zum Einbau des Konverters in die Abgasrohrleitung dient. Am inneren Ende, d.h. dem der Stirnfläche eines Keramikkörpers 103 zugewandten Ende, sind die ein im wesentlichen kegelstumpfförmigen Gebilde bildenden Abschirmbleche 106 mit einem nach außen konkav gewölbten Ringabschnitt 116 versehen, welcher den Anfang des Keramikkörpers 103 mit Abstand umfaßt. Entsprechend das Gleiche gilt für die beiden Enden 116a des Abschirmblechs 106a zwischen den Keramikkörpern 103.In order to be able to use cheaper, simple steel sheets for the outer housing 101 and the subsequent exhaust gas supply and discharge ports 102, it is initially provided that the inner surfaces of the exhaust gas supply and discharge ports 102 are covered with thermally insulating mats 105, which in turn are covered by a high-temperature-resistant shielding sheet 106 are covered. A corresponding shielding plate 106a is provided in the transition area between the two ceramic bodies 103 lying one behind the other in order to isolate the outer housing from the hot exhaust gas flow in this area as well. The shielding plates 106 are in welded its outer edge zone 114 to the outer housing 101 and a mounting flange 115, which is used to install the converter in the exhaust pipe. At the inner end, ie the end facing the end face of a ceramic body 103, the shielding plates 106, which form an essentially frustoconical structure, are provided with an outwardly concave ring section 116, which surrounds the start of the ceramic body 103 at a distance. The same applies correspondingly to the two ends 116a of the shielding plate 106a between the ceramic bodies 103.

Um ein Ausblasen der gegenüber pulsierenden Abgasströmen besonders empfindlichen Quellmatte 104 zu verhindern, sind zumindest im Bereich der Gaseintrittsstirnflächen 117 der Keramikkörper 103 Metallfolien 118 aus Edelstahl mit einer Dicke zwischen etwa 0,02 und 0,05 mm vorgesehen, die durch die Quellmatte 104 sowohl an den Ringabschnitt 116 bzw. 116a als auch die Außenfläche des Keramikkörpers 103 angepreßt werden. Diese dünnen Metallfolien bilden einen absolut gasdichten Abschluß des Spaltraums, in welchem die Quellmatte 104 angeordnet ist, behindern aber - insbesondere wenn sie allenfalls mit der Quellmatte 104, nicht aber mit dem Ringabschnitt 116 verklebt sind - die thermischen Ausdehnungen dieses Ringabschnitts gegenüber dem praktisch seinen Durchmesser beibehaltenden Keramikkörper 103 nicht. Wie bereits weiter oben ausführlich beschrieben worden ist, ergibt sich bei der ersten Ausdehnung, d.h. bei der ersten Aufheizung einer solchen Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung, ein Abgleiten der Folie 118 gegegenüber dem zur Oberfläche 119 des Keramikkörpers 103 geneigten Abschnitt 116' des Ringabschnitts 116, die beim Wiederabkühlen sich in Form einer in Fig. 5 gestrichelt angedeuteten Falte 120 niederschlagen kann, die bei allen nachfolgenden Temperaturwechseln unabhängig von einem Aneinanderabgleiten der Folie 118 am Ringabschnitt 116 die Ausdehnungsunterschiede zwischen dem Ringabschnitt 116 und dem Keramikkörper 103 abfängt. Um diese Ausbildung der Falte oder das jeweilige Nachrutschen durch Abgleiten von Metallfolie 118 und Ringabschnitt 116 zu gewährleisten, soll sich die Folie bis max. zum Scheitel 121 des Ringabschnitts 116 erstrecken.In order to prevent the swelling of the swelling mat 104, which is particularly sensitive to pulsating exhaust gas flows, at least in the area of the gas inlet end faces 117 of the ceramic body 103, metal foils 118 made of stainless steel with a thickness of between about 0.02 and 0.05 mm are provided, which are both attached to the swelling mat 104 the ring portion 116 or 116a and the outer surface of the ceramic body 103 are pressed. These thin metal foils form an absolutely gas-tight seal in the gap space in which the swelling mat 104 is arranged, but - especially if they are glued to the swelling mat 104 but not to the ring section 116 - hinder the thermal expansion of this ring section compared to the practically its diameter maintaining ceramic body 103. As has already been described in detail above, the first expansion, i.e. when such an exhaust gas purification device is heated for the first time, the film 118 slides against the section 116 'of the ring section 116 which is inclined to the surface 119 of the ceramic body 103, which can be reflected in the form of a fold 120 indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 5, all of which Subsequent temperature changes regardless of a sliding of the film 118 on the ring section 116 intercepts the expansion differences between the ring section 116 and the ceramic body 103. In order to ensure this formation of the fold or the respective slipping by sliding off metal foil 118 and ring section 116, the foil should be up to max. extend to the apex 121 of the ring portion 116.

In Fig. 6 erkennt man vergrößert einen Teilquerschnitt längs der Linie VI-VI in Fig. 4, aus der der Aufbau des Gehäuses 101 aus zwei Halbschalen erkennbar ist. Entsprechend sind die einzelnen Streifen der Quellmatte 104 an dieser Nahtstelle 122 gestoßen. Um gleichwohl auch längs dieser Kante die gewünschte Abdichtung zu erzielen, ist die Metallfolie in diesem Bereich überlappend ausgebildet.FIG. 6 shows an enlarged partial cross section along the line VI-VI in FIG. 4, from which the structure of the housing 101 from two half-shells can be seen. Accordingly, the individual strips of the swelling mat 104 are butted at this interface 122. In order to nevertheless achieve the desired seal along this edge, the metal foil is designed to overlap in this area.

Die Erfindungsvariante nach den Figuren 4 bis 6 ist nicht auf das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. Neben einer Ausbildung, bei der das Abschirmblech 106, 106a noch weiter außen liegt, so daß es völlig außerhalb des Mantels 119 des Keramikkörpers liegt - abgleich auch bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform der Abgasstrom auch die äußersten Randzonen, d.h. die randäußersten Waben des Keramikkörpers 103 durchsetzen kann - wäre es auch noch möglich, im Bereich der Gasaustrittsstirnflächen 123 der Keramikkörper 103 die Spalte zwischen den sie dort umfassenden Abschirmblech-Ringabschnitten 116a bzw. 116 ebenfalls mit Hilfe einer Folie 118 abzudecken, obgleich dort ersichtlich das Problem einer Ausblasgefahr erheblich kleiner ist als jeweils an der Gaseintrittsstirnfläche 117. Darüber hinaus bräuchte selbstverständlich die Folie 118 nicht unbedingt aus Metall zu bestehen, wobei jedoch beim derzeitigen Stand der Technik hochtemperaturfeste gasdichte Folien für die angesprochenen Zwecke in erster Linie aus Metall realisierbar sind.The variant of the invention according to FIGS. 4 to 6 is not limited to the exemplary embodiment shown. In addition to a design in which the shielding plate 106, 106a is located further outside, so that it lies completely outside the jacket 119 of the ceramic body - also in the embodiment shown, the exhaust gas flow also the outermost edge zones, i.e. can penetrate the outermost honeycombs of the ceramic body 103 - it would also be possible to also cover the gaps in the area of the gas outlet end faces 123 of the ceramic bodies 103 between the shielding plate ring sections 116a and 116 surrounding them with the aid of a film 118, although the problem can be seen there a blow-out risk is considerably smaller than in each case on the gas inlet end face 117. In addition, of course, the film 118 need not necessarily be made of metal, although, in the current state of the art, high-temperature-resistant gas-tight films can primarily be produced from metal for the purposes mentioned.

Die Anordnung nach den Figuren 4 bis 6 ist außerordentlich einfach im Aufbau und leicht montierbar, da sie auf spezielle Stützringe verzichten kann. Darüber hinaus vermeidet sie durch die fehlende Berührung des Keramikkörpers mit Metaliringen jegliche Bruchgefahr, die bisher an diesen Abdichtstellen aufgetreten sind. Es erfolgt keine Temperaturübertragung des abgasführenden Innenteils zum tragenden Außengehäuse 101, so daß ein zusätzliches Temperaturabschirmgehäuse, wie es bisher häufig um das Außengehäuse 101 gelegt werden mußte, entfallen kann. Schließlich geht die schwimmende Lagerung der Keramikkörper, die eine Bruchgefahr ausschließt, einher mit einer völligen Abdichtung des Bereichs zwischen dem abgasführenden Innenteil und dem tragenden Gehäuse, wodurch auch jede Gefahr eines Ausblasens einer Quellmatte vermieden wird.The arrangement according to Figures 4 to 6 is extremely simple in construction and easy to assemble, since it can do without special support rings. In addition, due to the missing contact of the ceramic body with metal rings, it avoids any risk of breakage that previously occurred at these sealing points. There is no temperature transmission of the exhaust gas-carrying inner part to the supporting outer housing 101, so that an additional temperature shielding housing, as had previously had to be placed around the outer housing 101, can be omitted. Finally, the floating mounting of the ceramic body, which eliminates the risk of breakage, is accompanied by a complete sealing of the area between the exhaust-gas-carrying inner part and the supporting housing, which also avoids any risk of blowing out a swelling mat.

Claims (14)

1. A device for catalytically de-toxifying exhaust gas, with at least one monolithic ceramic body (10, 11; 103) having a honeycomb structure and having a catalytically active surface coating, disposed in a metal outer housing (1) consisting of two shells with exhaust gas inlet and outlet nozzles on the end face, a resilient matting (13; 13'; 104) being interposed between the outer housing (1) and the ceramic body (10, 11; 103) and the regions of the outer housing in front of and behind the ceramic bodies being covered with screens, characterised in that the shells of the outer housing (1), including the exhaust gas inlet and outlet nozzles, are integrally continuous components and in that a housing-like holding device (inner housing) (2) consisting of temperature-resistant metal, optionally provided with recesses or gaps in the casing region of the ceramic bodies, is disposed in the carrying outer housing (1) and extends, at least outside the sections for storing the ceramic bodies (10, 11), at a distance from the outer housing (1) and is so fixed, at least at one end (18, 19, 20, 21) as to be freely displaceable in the axial direction in order to equalise different thermal expansions.
2. A device for catalytically de-toxifying exhaust gas according to claim 1, characterised in that the gap between the inner and outer housings (2, 1) is filled, at least in sections, by an insulating matting (13) having a base of, in particular aluminium silicate fibres or a so-called swelling matting.
3. A device for catalytically de-toxifying exhaust gas according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the inner housing (2) abuts the inner face of the outer housing (1) in the section carrying the ceramic bodies (10, 11).
4. A device for catalytically de-toxifying exhaust gas according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the inner housing (2) extends continuously at a distance from the outer housing (1) and is provided with recesses (12, 12') spaced from the end faces (18, 19, 20, 21) of the ceramic bodies (10, 11), by means of which recesses (12, 12') the resilient matting (13) bearing against the outer housing (1) is directly in contact with the casing surface of the ceramic bodies (10,11).
5. A device for catalytically de-toxifying exhaust gas according to claim 4, characterised in that the annular sections (15, 15') of the inner housing (2) surrounding the ends of the ceramic bodies (10, 11) are provided with axial slots (16) forming resilient bearing tongues (17) ending in front of the end faces (18,19, 20,21).
6. A device for catalytically de-toxifying exhaust gas according to claim 5, characterised in that the resilient matting (13) covers at least the slotted sections of the inner housing (2) whilst pressing the bearing tongues (17) yieldingly against the casing surface of the ceramic body (10, 11).
7. A device for catalytically de-toxifying exhaust gas according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the recess (12, 12') of the inner housing (2) is formed so as to be fully rotatable, forming a sliding fit of the ends formed.
8. A device for catalytically de-toxifying exhaust gas according to claim 1, characterised in that, the inner housing only covers the inner surfaces of the exhaust gas inlet and outlet nozzles and optionally the space of the outer housing between two consecutive ceramic bodies and in that the conical or cylindrical sreening plate (106, 106a) surrounds a ceramic body (10) without contact and with clearance at least in the region of the gas inlet end face (117) of a ceramic body (103) and in that the gap with respect to the ceramic body (103) is covered by a thin, flexible, temperature-resistant foil (118), in particular a metal foil, which is pressed on to the screening plate (106, 106') and the ceramic body (107) by the elastic mounting (104).
9. A device for catalytically de-toxifying exhaust gas according to claim 8, characterised in that the foil (118) is adhered to the elastic mounting (104) or the screening plate (106a).
10. A device for catalytically de-toxifying exhaust gas according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the end of the screening plate (106) surrounding the ceramic body (103) is formed as an annular section (116, 116') which is bowed in a concave manner with respect to the outside.
. 11. A device for catalytically de-toxifying exhaust gas according to claim 10, characterised in that the foil (118) extends at the most as far as the apex (121) of the annular section (116, 116').
12. A device for catalytically de-toxifying exhaust gas according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterised in that the foil (118) in the region of the separating joints of the elastic mounting (104) placed around the ceramic body (103) is formed so as to overlap.
13. A device for catalytically de-toxifying exhaust gas according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterised in that the foil (118) consists of high-grade steel.
14. A device for catalytically de-toxifying exhaust gas according to claim 13, characterised in that the high-grade steel has a thickness of 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.02 mm to 0.05 mm.
EP86102020A 1985-02-22 1986-02-18 Catalytic-emission control device Expired EP0193072B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3506219 1985-02-22
DE19853506219 DE3506219A1 (en) 1985-02-22 1985-02-22 Catalytic exhaust gas detoxification device
DE3509790 1985-03-19
DE19853509790 DE3509790A1 (en) 1985-03-19 1985-03-19 Exhaust emission control device for motor vehicles

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EP0193072A1 EP0193072A1 (en) 1986-09-03
EP0193072B1 true EP0193072B1 (en) 1989-04-12

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DE3908887A1 (en) * 1989-03-17 1990-09-20 Eberspaecher J DEVICE FOR CATALYTIC DETOXIFICATION OR THE LIKE OF COMBUSTION ENGINE EXHAUST WITH TWO EXHAUST TREATMENT BODIES AND A PROTECTIVE RING BETWEEN
DE3929205A1 (en) * 1989-09-02 1991-03-21 Leistritz Ag EXHAUST APPARATUS, IN PARTICULAR. EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION DEVICE
IT220490Z2 (en) * 1990-04-13 1993-09-24 Gilardini Spa CATALYTIC CONVERTER FOR VEHICLES, IN PARTICULAR VEHICLES
DE4109626A1 (en) * 1991-03-23 1992-09-24 Eberspaecher J MOUNTING A CARRIER BODY IN VEHICLE EXHAUST SYSTEMS
US5980837A (en) * 1997-12-03 1999-11-09 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Exhaust treatment device for automotive vehicle having one-piece housing with integral inlet and outlet gas shield diffusers
DE19910020A1 (en) * 1999-03-08 2000-09-14 Delphi Tech Inc Tail for a catalytic converter
JP4325565B2 (en) * 2005-02-10 2009-09-02 日産自動車株式会社 Exhaust gas purification device and exhaust gas purification method for internal combustion engine
GB2568900B (en) * 2017-11-29 2020-09-02 Perkins Engines Co Ltd Exhaust gas treatment assembly comprising a gas permeable block and a housing, and method of assembly
FR3082235B1 (en) * 2018-06-06 2020-05-15 Faurecia Systemes D'echappement OPTIMIZED EXHAUST PURIFICATION BODY

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