EP0191730A1 - Door-actuating device to open or close a door automatically - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Drive mechanism for fully-automatic opening and closing of at least one sliding door (1), which is movable by means of a motor or motors with a greater speed on the prevailing partial opening and closing path than on the last part, and which is movable by means of a coupling device (11, 21), characterized by at least one main motor (2) driving a main shaft (5, 20) to provide the high speed, and by a low-output motor (6) driving an auxiliary shaft (8) to transmit the low speed of the door (1), and whereby both shafts act onto the same follower (11, 21).

Description

The invention relates to a door drive for fully automatic opening and closing at least one sliding door, which on the predominant part of the opening and closing path with a

greater speed is guided than on the last section, and which is movable by a driver.

For the movement of sliding doors, it is known to execute the major part of the push path at a higher speed than the rest of the path.

The reason for this different movement of the

Door is that the door opens quickly and,

what is particularly important in the cold season should also close quickly. So that the wings of a double door do not collide or a single door does not hit the opposite wall too hard, the speed on the last section is reduced.

Different types of drives are used to apply such different speeds, but they have considerable disadvantages. The use of air pistons (pneumatic drive) or oil pistons (hydraulic drive) naturally requires the provision of compressed air or pressure oil, which requires a considerable amount of effort. In the former case, noise from the required compressor is to be expected, with pressure oil it must also be taken into account that in the event of an accident, no one can be contaminated by dripping 01.

Various mechanical drives are also known. For example, an electric motor drives a link chain or a rubber chain that extends over the entire stroke of the door. extends.

Switching the engine to a slow speed and even down to zero requires a considerable amount of expensive electronic components. In the event of a failure of the electronic control, which is prone to failure, a specialist must first be called from outside, since the maintenance personnel hardly ever have the knowledge necessary to repair the damage.

The invention has for its object to provide a door drive of the type mentioned, which enables the application of different speeds with simple mechanical means and is therefore inexpensive to carry out.

This object is achieved by a main shaft driven by a main motor for the application of a high speed and by a secondary shaft driven by a small motor for the application of a low speed of the door, both shafts acting on the same driver.

The functional separation of the application of the different speeds through the use of two motors ensures a high operational readiness of the great safety and different combinations to meet different operating conditions are easily possible. Apart from a few, commonly used switching devices, no additional complicated and expensive equipment is necessary and in the event of a malfunction, any reasonably trained tradesman can repair the damage.

• Fig. 1 einen Antrieb für eine einzelne Schiebetüre;
• Fig. 2 einen Antrieb für eine Doppeltüre;
• tig. 3 ein Detail eines Antriebes.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with the aid of the attached schematic drawing. Show it:

• 1 shows a drive for a single sliding door.
• 2 shows a drive for a double door;
• tig. 3 shows a detail of a drive.

1, the single-wing sliding door 1 is moved by two electric motors in order to apply the required different door speeds in this simple manner. The main motor 2 drives the gear 3 and, via the bevel gear 4, the main shaft, which is designed here as a threaded spindle 5. The transmission 3 also includes a slip clutch, for example a rubber or plastic drive belt interposed for the transmission. The threaded spindle 5 is arranged horizontally and parallel to the direction of movement of the door. The small motor 6 drives the auxiliary shaft via the worm gear 7, which is designed as a profile rod 8 and is arranged in synchronism with the main shaft.

On the threaded spindle 5 sits the gear 9, which has a nut thread matching the thread of the spindle. The displaceably arranged pinion 10 sits on the profile rod 8. The profile rod 8 is to be selected appropriately, for example as a round shaft with a groove, with a spline profile or similar, so that they transfer the torque from the small motor 6 to the pinion without difficulty or even deformation

10 can transfer, the easy displaceability must always be preserved.

Gear 9 and pinion 10 are surrounded by the box-like slide 11, which on the one hand serves as a driver for the movement of the door. on the other hand, ensures that the gears 9 and 1C remain in constant engagement with every displacement and rotary movement. In this embodiment, the carriage 11 is not connected directly to the door, but takes it with it via the articulated pawl 12, which engages in a socket 13 fastened to the door. The door expediently runs in a track (not shown) on rollers.

The drive according to the invention offers various options for opening and closing the door. One of them is described below for the closing process.

The main motor 2 is switched on, the threaded spindle 5 rotates, but the gear 9 is prevented from rotating by the stationary pinion 10. So both gears, held by the slide 11, only move axially and guide the door over the slide 11 and the pawl 12 at a relatively high speed to the right (in the drawing).

When the door has covered the major part of the way, the nose 14 attached to the slide 11 hits the switch 15. This switches off the main motor 2 and at the same time the small motor 6, which now transports the door 1 at a low speed over the last one Part of the way takes over until it is closed. The profile rod 8, the speed of which is greatly reduced by the worm gear 7, also rotates the pinion 10. D _H this meshes with the gear 9, the gear 9 is displaced in the closing direction of the door on the stationary threaded spindle 5 and takes the door with it via the slide 11 and the pawl 12. The movement is ended as soon as the nose 14 hits the limit switch 16, which switches off the small motor 6. To protect the closing edge 17 of the door from possible damage when the door hits the wall 18, the elastic protective strip 19 is attached.

Such a protective strip can of course also be provided on the opposite door edge.

The opening process proceeds in the same way. For example, by actuating a foot switch under the floor covering, the reversible main motor 2 is initially switched on. He leads the door at greater speed over the major part of the door path until the nose 14 of the slide 11 meets the switch 15 which is also provided on the other side and which switches off the main motor 2 and switches on the reversible small motor 6. This leads the door at a lower speed than before over the last section of the path until it has reached its end position with the largest opening width and the small motor is switched off by the limit switch 16 also provided here. -Usually, the door should only remain open for a limited period of time and then automatically close again. This can be carried out in a simple manner with the aid of a time relay which switches on the main motor 2 after a previously adjustable time and thus initiates the closing process.

With the circuit type described can also

the so-called Realize pharmacy circuit easily

where for security reasons - e.g. during night duty - the door should only be opened a small gap to pass on the recipe and the money. In this case, the main motor 2 remains switched off, which is easiest to carry out with an on-off switch in the power supply to the main switch, and the small motor 6 takes over,

On the last section of the opening path, which can form a sufficiently wide gap for the intended purpose, both the opening and the closing movement. These door movements can be initiated by a hand switch; the switch 15 and the limit switch 16 can be used for the stroke limitation.

In particular in the case of this pharmacy circuit, it is advantageous if at least some of the drive elements for the door are designed to be self-locking, so that the door cannot be forced open even when there is strong pressure on the closing edge 17. For this purpose, for example, the threaded spindle 5 with the gear 9 or the worm gear 7 come into question, and other elements can also be constructed to be self-locking. Friction, inertia and other resistances of all gear parts including the drive motors 2 and 6 support the effect of self-locking.

Another type of circuit of the door drive according to the invention is that the motors 2 and 6 are switched on simultaneously on the predominant part of the door path.

The gear 9 is now not only shifted axially on the threaded spindle 5, but also experiences a rotary movement from the pinion 10, which results in an overall speed resulting from the two individual motor drives for the slide 11 and thus also for the door. After covering the major part of the door path, the switch 15 switches the main motor 2 off

the small motor 6 alone continues the door over the last section until the limit switch 16 switches off the small motor. If the main motor should fail, the small motor can move the door along the entire opening and closing path, of course at a correspondingly lower speed.

A variant of this circuit is that the small motor 6 remains switched on continuously, even after the end positions of the door have been reached, as a result of which it keeps the door open on one side and exerts a closing pressure on the closed door on the other side. However, the engine is stalled.

It must therefore be designed for a 100% duty cycle or be switched down to a lower voltage using an appropriate device. Another possibility is to provide a known type of slip clutch between the small motor 6 and the worm gear 7.

A disadvantage of these couplings is that

they either have to be of a voluminous design or they are subject to severe heating and great wear and tear if they are used for a long time, as is the case in particular when the door remains closed for a long time. A better solution results from a magnetic slip clutch, as shown in Fig. 3 and described below.

A combination of the two main circuit types described is also conceivable, in that the door is conveyed by the main motor on the predominant section of the closing path and by the small motor on the last section, but first by the two motors together and only on the last section by the small motor alone. This means that the door reaches a higher speed on the opening path than on the closing path.

The elastic protective strip 19 protects the closing edge 17 of the door 1, which is usually made of glass, from damage, but it also serves to protect passers-by who come into contact with it.

An advantageous further development is that the protective strip is hollow and is connected to a membrane switch (not shown) via a hose line. When the protective strip is pressed, the membrane switch is actuated and

an opening movement of the door initiated.

This is primarily a security measure,

to prevent a person from getting caught. Of course, the membrane switch must immediately before the door reaches the closed position

be turned off to keep opening and closing

To prevent the door from closing.

The membrane switch can also perform another function. overnight, when the door is closed, it remains on, but the mechanism for opening the door is off. If you try to open the door by force, this will certainly happen with breaking tools that are inserted into the protective strip. The increasing pressure in the bar acts on the membrane switch - another switch of this type can also be provided for this purpose - which now

triggers an alarm.

The latch 12 allows an emergency opening of the door and thus represents an additional safety device. By loosening the latch, the door is separated from the slide and is now easy to move. The release can be done with a solenoid or, if there is a power failure, by hand. In the event of a fire in a department store or theater, for example, it can no longer happen that panic breaks out because the door is only half open or even closed.

The release device can also be connected to the fire protection system of such a house.

Fig. 2 shows an example of the Antri.eb a double door. Setup and operation are practically the same as in the embodiment according to Fig. 1. In order not to have to provide two separate drive mechanisms, the smooth interaction of which would hardly be guaranteed in the long run, the threaded spindle 20 has a left-hand thread for one and a right-hand thread for the other Provided door. As a result, when the threaded spindle rotates, the two doors are opened or closed in opposite directions, ie symmetrically to one another.

In this embodiment, the doors 1 are directly connected to the associated driver, which is also designed here as a box-like carriage 21 including pinion 9 and pinion 10.

This type of fastening can be designed in such a way that the doors are not merely guided, but rather are suspended on the threaded spindle 20. The threads of the spindle are expediently designed as flat or trapezoidal threads.

To protect the two door edges 17, the shock absorber 22 is provided to destroy the residual energy inherent in the doors. Such is usually also arranged at the end of the opening path of each door, as can of course also be used with the protective strip shown in FIG. 1.

The profile rod 8 is also driven in Fig. 2 by the worm gear 7, which is arranged in the middle. Of course, a gear transmission could also be provided for the reduction of the speed of the small motor 6. The same applies to the drive of the threaded spindle 20. The main motor and the small motor could also be arranged next to or in the extension of the threaded spindle.

The use of the bevel gear 4 is advantageous, for example, if the doors are on the ground floor and the main motor is to be housed in the basement.

In particular, equipping the threaded spindle with a flat or trapezoidal thread allows an additional device to be attached in order to brake the door more quickly when approaching an end position. The door 1 hangs on the rollers 31, which are on the level line 32 - e.g. a (not shown) running track - move. The brake member 33 attached to the door and comprising the threaded spindle 20 runs freely with it. The level line 32 is inclined somewhat downwards towards its ends. As soon as the rollers 31 come on the inclined end parts 34, the door sinks, the brake member 33 is actuated and acts on the rotating threaded spindle 20. The kinetic energy of the moving parts is converted into heat, similar to a car brake. This braking process is of great advantage compared to the use of elastic protective strips or shock absorbers, as they are commonly used and also described above.

A similarly similar design results if the end parts of the level line 32 have a slight bend upwards. When the rollers run onto the end parts, the door is raised. The necessary work is done by the kinetic energy of the moving parts. Compared to the previous example, these are therefore not only braked by the braking member, but additionally, ie more quickly.

Another possibility is to use a guide roller which runs on a special level line and is connected directly to the door or to the driver 11, 21 via a lever. Before the door reaches its end position, the lever releases a brake, e.g. similar to the brake member 33 or a disc brake operated.

A braking effect on the door approaching its end position is achieved with the aid of a spring. It can be a compression or tension spring, which counteracts the movement of the door, as well as a helical or spiral spring surrounding the threaded spindle, which is wound by the spindle and thus brakes the same. Combinations of these options are also conceivable. The energy stored in the spring when the threaded spindle is at a standstill is released as soon as the door begins its movement in the opposite direction. The spring force thus supports the work of the motor in the initial phase of the door movement, but it can also work on its own, which is particularly important in the event of an emergency opening, e.g. in the event of a power failure, is very desirable.

All the braking devices described can be applied to both a single and a double door.

Fig. 3 shows a motor drive for the auxiliary shaft with an interposed magnetic driver clutch. The small motor 6 has the synchronous motor 23 for the forward run and the synchronous motor 24 for the reverse run, which sit on the common shaft 26 and are combined in the housing 25. The rotor 27 of the magnetic rotating element 28, to which the driver part 29 comprising the rotor 27 at a short distance also belongs, sits on the same shaft 26. This is connected to the gear transmission 30, which greatly reduces the speed of the profile rod 8 connected on the output side.

There is no mechanical connection between the driver part 29 and the rotor 27, one or both of which consist of a natural magnet; The torque is only transmitted via the magnetic field of the rotating element. When the door arrives in an end position, a limit switch is not necessary to switch off the engine, but it can continue to run without overheating. The slip between the driving and the driven machine set is limited to the magnetic rotating element 28, in which no frictional heat is generated due to the absence of contact between the two corresponding parts 27 and 28. The desired closing pressure, so that the door seals, takes place according to the motor drive described in FIG. 3.

It should also be noted that all circuit types and structural details described for FIG. 1 can in principle also be used for the embodiment according to FIG. 2, which also applies to the reverse case.

Furthermore, other possible uses for the fully automatic drive described are also conceivable, e.g. for machines for the rapid exact positioning and guidance of the workpiece.

Label list

• 1) Single-leaf sliding door
• 2) Main engine
• 3) Gear
• 4) Bevel gear
• 5) lead screw
• 6) Small engine
• 7) worm gear
• 8) Profile bar
• 9) gear
• 10) Pinion slidable
• 11) Sledge box-like
• 12) jack
• 13) Version
• 14) nose
• 15) switch
• 16) Limit switch
• 17) closing edge
• 18) Wall
• 19) Protective strip
• 20) lead screw
• 21) sledge
• 22) Shock absorber
• 23) Forward motor synchronous motor
• 24) Reverse running synchronous motor
• 25) Housing
• 26) wave
• 27) rotor
• 28) Rotating element
• 29) Driver part
• 30) Gear transmission
• 31) end position
• 32) Role
• 33) Lowering the level line
• 34) Braking device

Claims (22)

1.Door drive for fully automatic opening and closing of at least one sliding door, which is guided on the predominant section of the opening and closing path at a greater speed than on the last section, and which can be moved by a driver, characterized by one of a main motor ( 2) driven main shaft (2, 20) for the application of a high speed and by means of a secondary shaft (8) driven by a small motor (6) for the application of a low speed of the door (1), both shafts on the same driver (11 , 21) act. 2. Door drive according to claim 1, characterized in that on the predominant section of each door path, the two motors (2, 6) work together, while on the last section only the small motor (6) is switched on. 3. Door drive according to claim 2, characterized in that the small motor (6) is switched on continuously, even after the end positions of the door (1) have been reached. 4. Door drive according to claim 1, characterized in that on the predominant section of each door path only the main motor (2) and on the last section only the small motor (6) is switched on. 5. Door drive according to claim 4, characterized in that for opening and closing a narrow door gap, the small motor (6) on the last section of the closing path of the door (1) with the main motor (2) switched off can be switched on and off by itself. 6. Door drive according to claim 2 or 4, characterized by a switch (15) for the opening and for the closing path to switch to the lower speed as soon as the door (1) has covered the major part of the way. 7. Door drive according to claim 1, characterized in that on the main shaft designed as a threaded spindle (5) is provided with a nut-provided gear (9) which is arranged with a pinion (10) which is displaceably arranged on the auxiliary shaft designed as a profile rod (8) Engagement is, and gear and pinion are arranged in a box-shaped carriage (11) which serves as a driver for moving the door (1). 8. Door drive according to claim 7, characterized in that the drive elements acting on the gear (9) and on the pinion (10) are at least partially self-locking with respect to a movement starting from the door. 9. Door drive according to claim 7, characterized in that the door (1) is connected to the slide (11) by a detachable pawl (12). 10. Door drive according to claim 7, characterized in that the threaded spindle (5), which has a flat or a trapezoidal thread, serves as a guide for the door (1) suspended from it. 11. Door drive according to claim 7 for a double door, characterized in that the main shaft designed as a threaded spindle (20) has a right-hand and a left-hand thread and a slide (21) for the opposite movements of the doors (1). 12. Door drive according to claim 1, characterized in that both motors (2, 6) are reversible. 13. Door drive according to claim 1, characterized in that a slip clutch is provided between the main motor (2) and the main shaft driven by it (5, 20). 14. Door drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the small motor (6) comprises a motor (23) for forward running and a motor (24) for reverse running, which are assembled in a common housing (25). 15. Door drive according to claim 1, characterized in that between the small motor (6) and the auxiliary shaft driven by it (8), a magnetic rotating element (27, 28) is provided as a clutch, which via a magnetic field, the forward and reverse running of the motor (6) transmits to the auxiliary shaft without mechanical connection. 16. Door drive according to claim 1, characterized by a shock absorber (22) at the end of each door path for the destruction of the door (1) remaining inherent kinetic energy. 17. Door drive according to claim 1, characterized in that an elastic protective strip (19) is attached to each vertical edge (17) of the door (1). 18. Door drive according to claim 17, characterized in that a pressure on the hollow protective strip (19) on the closing edge (17) of the door (1) actuates a membrane switch which initiates an opening movement of the door (1). 19. Door drive according to claim 18, characterized in that the membrane switch can be put out of function immediately before closing the door (1). 20. Door operator according to claim 1, characterized in that a level line (32), on which the weight of the door (1) carrying rollers (31) move, is slightly bent near its end parts (34), and a brake member (33) exerts a braking effect on the main shaft (5, 20) as soon as the rollers (31) reach the end parts (34). 21. Door drive according to claim 1, characterized by a spring which can be loaded by braking the door (1) approaching an end position.

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