EP0187904A2 - Method of heat treating pearlitic rail steels - Google Patents

Method of heat treating pearlitic rail steels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0187904A2
EP0187904A2 EP85113653A EP85113653A EP0187904A2 EP 0187904 A2 EP0187904 A2 EP 0187904A2 EP 85113653 A EP85113653 A EP 85113653A EP 85113653 A EP85113653 A EP 85113653A EP 0187904 A2 EP0187904 A2 EP 0187904A2
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rail
rail head
temperature
cooled
stage
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EP85113653A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0187904A3 (en
EP0187904B1 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Dr.-Ing. Heller
Jürgen Dr.-Ing. Flügge
Gerhard Ratz
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Voestalpine Turnout Technology Germany GmbH
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Vereinigte Weichenbau GmbH
Krupp Stahl AG
Butzbacher Weichenbau GmbH
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Priority to AT85113653T priority Critical patent/ATE56226T1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of pearlitic rail steels according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • the usual austenitisia in these procedures is temperature of 850 to 900C.
  • the heating takes place in an oven, inductively or by burner.
  • the accelerated cooling is achieved by quenching in oil or blowing with water vapor, a water spray or compressed air.
  • the hardness values achieved with these processes are between 320 and 380 HV on the running surface.
  • the hardness towards the middle of the rail head drops gradually or with a steep transition to 280 to 300 HV.
  • Such heat-treated rails are used in routes with high traffic volumes, tight curve radii and / or with axle loads over 200 kN as well as in switches.
  • the strength and wear properties of the above are sufficient for particularly extreme loads. heat-treated splints.
  • An increase in strength while maintaining the desired fine pearlitic structure, which is favorable for the wear properties, by adding strength-increasing alloy elements such as chromium, manganese, nickel and molybdenum is not possible, since in the heat treatment described, when these alloy elements are added instead of a transformation in the lower pearlite stage, the transformation partly. takes place in the bainite and martensite stage, thus creating structures that have an unfavorable effect on the wear properties and break resistance.
  • High-strength pearlitic rail steels are known from the literature reference DE-Z Technische Mitteilungen Krupp, Werkberichte, Vol. 37 (1979), H. 3, pages 79 - 87 and 89 - 94, which have a fine-grained structure with a small lamella spacing and a small thickness Cementite and ferrite lamellae after adding max. 1.4% chromium and max. 2% nickel, based on a steel with approx. 0.75% carbon and approx. 1% manganese tensile strengths up to 1350 N / mm 2 in the naturally hard - air-cooled - state.
  • an increase in this strength through heat treatment for example accelerated cooling into the region of the lower pearlite stage, leads to the undesirable fractions of bainite and martensite in the structure mentioned above.
  • vanadium of the order of 0.05 to 0.20% in conjunction with the envisaged nitrogen content of 0.010 to 0.025% ensures that after the heat treatment in the ferrite lamellae of the finely streaked perlite finely dispersed precipitates of vanadium nitrides or Vanadium carbonitrides are present. These finely dispersed precipitations result in an increase in strength (precipitation hardening), which overlaps the phase boundary hardening by setting a small lamella spacing.
  • the hardness of the rails heat-treated according to the invention is thereby increased compared to a vanadium-free steel.
  • the decisive factor for the success according to the invention in the process steps is, in particular, the combination of the austenitizing temperature of 950 to 1050 ° C., which is higher than in the prior art, in conjunction with the renewed heating of the rail head to 600 to 650 ° C. after completion of the pearlite transformation.
  • the reheating of the rail head leads to a complete separation of the finest vanadium carbonitride particles from the supersaturated solution, in which vanadium, nitrogen and carbon are after austenitizing to 950 to 1050 ° C.
  • the elimination of the vanadium carbonitride particles can only take place incompletely; therefore the desired increase in strength will only partially occur.
  • the rail head is then quickly cooled to a temperature below 100 ° C using water or other suitable quenching media.
  • the reheating of the rail head to 600 to 650 ° C thus causes a complete hardening by excretion of the finest vanadium carbides or vanadium carbonitrides.
  • the previous cooling of the rail head to approx. 400 ° C ensures that the conversion in the pearlite stage is complete and that the subsequent curing can proceed with a high germ density.
  • niobium of the order of 0.02 to 0.10% provided according to the invention hardly brings about any additional precipitation hardening. It is designed to prevent grain growth in combination with the intended aluminum additives from 0.010 to 0.070% during austenitizing heating.
  • liquid media such as water or steam, can be added to the compressed air, in particular in the first cooling stage.
  • Thermoforming heat can be treated at final roll temperatures of 950 to 1000 ° C.
  • heating of the cooled rail to the austenitizing temperature is eliminated, which saves energy costs.
  • the rail head is first brought onto fine-lamellar pearlitic structure by blowing with compressed air, whereupon after the pelite conversion has ended at 400 ° C, the rail head is again heated to 600 to 650 ° C and then the entire rail (head, bridge and foot) by means of water or other suitable quenching media is rapidly cooled to a temperature below 100 ° C.
  • 1 shows the temperatures to be set when the method according to the invention is carried out in ° C during certain process steps A to G as a function of the time in minutes for a rail steel with a chemical composition of 0.75% C, 0.46% Si, 1 , 05% Mn, 0.10% V, 0.04% Nb, 0.020% Al, 0.015% N, balance iron and usual impurities.
  • the hardness HV in the rail head as a function of the distance in mm from the rail running surface, in the form of a scattering band for rails heat-treated according to the invention with the following directional analysis:
  • the lower area of the scatter band applies to
  • the upper area of the scatter band applies to

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for thermal treatment of pearlitic rail steel. For increasing strength and wear resistance steels with the claimed composition are produced with a fine lamellar pearlite structure by heat treatment. During the first cycle the rail head portion is heated in a sufficient depth of up to 50 mm by means of a burner or an inductive system to an austenitization temperature of about 950 DEG to 1050 DEG C. Thereafter the heated head portion is cooled by means of compressed air in such a way that in a first step by blowing a large amount of air the temperature of the rail head portion is cooled within 10 to 20 s to 650 DEG to 600 DEG C. before the area of the pearlitic transformation. In a second step with throttled blowing compared to the first step in the area of the pearlitic transformation the rail head portion is cooled within 2 to 4 minutes to about 400 DEG C. until finishing the pearlitic transformation. Then the rail head portion is again heated for 4 to 6 minutes to a temperature of about 600 DEG to 650 DEG C. and then rapidly cooled by means of water or other appropriate quenching media to a temperature of less than 100 DEG C.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung perlitischer Schienenstähle gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs.The invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of pearlitic rail steels according to the preamble of the main claim.

Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Schienenstählen, bei denen die gesamte Schiene oder nur der Schienenkopf auf Austenitisierungstemperatur erwärmt und anschließend derartig beschleunigt abgekühlt werden, daß durch Umwandlung in der unteren Perlitstufe sich ein feinlamellares perlitisches Gefüge einstellt, sind aus der Druckschrift DE-Z "Stahl und Eisen", 1970, Nr. 17, Seite 926 ff., bekannt. Ziel derartiger Wärmebehandlungsverfahren ist es, insbesondere bei Schienen mit Richtanalysen gemäß der Güte 90 A nach UIC-Merkblatt 860-V bzw. gemäß der Standardgüte nach AREA (0,60 bis 0,75 % Kohlenstoff, 0,80 bis 1,30 % Mangan, max. 0,50 % Silizium) an der Fahrfläche der Schiene bis zu einer.Tiefe von mindestens 10 mm ein feinperlitisches Gefüge einzustellen, wobei sich durch dieses feinperlitische Gefüge ein erhöhter Widerstand gegen Verschleiß und eine vier- bis sechsfach höhere Lebensdauer gegenüber nichtwärmebehandelten Schienen ergibt.Processes for the heat treatment of rail steels, in which the entire rail or only the rail head are heated to the austenitizing temperature and then accelerated in such a way that a fine-lamellar pearlitic structure results from conversion in the lower pearlite stage, are steel and iron from the publication DE-Z ", 1970, No. 17, page 926 ff., Known. The aim of such heat treatment processes is, in particular for rails with directional analyzes according to quality 90 A according to UIC leaflet 860-V or according to the standard quality according to AREA (0.60 to 0.75% carbon, 0.80 to 1.30% manganese , max. 0.50% silicon) on the running surface of the rail to a depth of at least 10 mm to set a fine pearlitic structure, whereby this fine pearlitic structure offers increased resistance to wear and a four to six times longer service life compared to non-heat-treated rails results.

Bei diesen Verfahren beträgt die übliche Austenitisierungstemperatur 850 bis 900C. Die Erwärmung erfolgt in einem Ofen, induktiv oder durch Brenner. Die beschleunigte Abkühlung wird durch Abschrecken in öl oder Anblasen mit Wasserdampf, einem Wassersprühnebel oder Preßluft erreicht.The usual austenitisia in these procedures is temperature of 850 to 900C. The heating takes place in an oven, inductively or by burner. The accelerated cooling is achieved by quenching in oil or blowing with water vapor, a water spray or compressed air.

Die bei diesen Verfahren erzielten Härtewerte liegen zwischen 320 und 380 HV an der Fahrfläche. Zur Schienenkopfmitte hin fällt die Härte je nach Wärmebehandlungsverfahren allmählich oder mit steilem Übergang auf 280 bis 300 HV ab.The hardness values achieved with these processes are between 320 and 380 HV on the running surface. Depending on the heat treatment process, the hardness towards the middle of the rail head drops gradually or with a steep transition to 280 to 300 HV.

Derartig wärmebehandelte Schienen werden eingesetzt in Strecken mit hohem Verkehrsaufkommen, engen Kurvenradien und/oder bei Achslasten über 200 kN sowie in Weichen.Such heat-treated rails are used in routes with high traffic volumes, tight curve radii and / or with axle loads over 200 kN as well as in switches.

Für besonders extreme Belastungen reichen jedoch die Festigkeits- und Verschleißeigenschaften der o.a. wärmebehandelten Schienen nicht aus. Eine Festigkeitssteigerung unter Beibehaltung des angestrebten, für die Verschleißeigenschaften günstigen feinperlitischen Gefüges durch Zusatz von festigkeitssteigernden Legierungselementen wie Chrom, Mangan, Nickel und Molybdän ist nicht möglich, da bei der beschriebenen Wärmebehandlung bei Zugabe dieser Legierungselemente anstelle einer Umwandlung in der unteren Perlitstufe die Umwandlung z.T. in der Bainit- und Martensitstufe erfolgt und somit Gefüge entstehen, die sich ungünstig auf die Verschleißeigenschaften und die Bruchsicherheit auswirken.However, the strength and wear properties of the above are sufficient for particularly extreme loads. heat-treated splints. An increase in strength while maintaining the desired fine pearlitic structure, which is favorable for the wear properties, by adding strength-increasing alloy elements such as chromium, manganese, nickel and molybdenum is not possible, since in the heat treatment described, when these alloy elements are added instead of a transformation in the lower pearlite stage, the transformation partly. takes place in the bainite and martensite stage, thus creating structures that have an unfavorable effect on the wear properties and break resistance.

Zwar sind aus der Literaturstelle DE-Z Technische Mitteilungen Krupp, Werksberichte, Bd. 37 (1979), H. 3, Seiten 79 - 87 und 89 - 94 hochfeste perlitische Schienenstähle bekannt, die bei einem feinkörnigen Gefüge mit geringem Lamellenabstand und geringer Dicke der Zementit- und Ferritlamellen nach Zusatz von max. 1,4 % Crom und max. 2 % Nickel, bezogen auf einen Stahl mit ca. 0,75 % Kohlenstoff und ca. 1 % Mangan Zugfestigkeiten bis 1350 N/mm2 im naturharten - luftabgekühlten - Zustand aufweisen. Eine Steigerung dieser Festigkeit durch eine Wärmebehandlung, z.B. beschleunigte Abkühlung in das Gebiet der unteren Perlitstufe, führt jedoch zu den obenerwähnten unerwünschten Anteilen an Bainit und Martensit im Gefüge.High-strength pearlitic rail steels are known from the literature reference DE-Z Technische Mitteilungen Krupp, Werkberichte, Vol. 37 (1979), H. 3, pages 79 - 87 and 89 - 94, which have a fine-grained structure with a small lamella spacing and a small thickness Cementite and ferrite lamellae after adding max. 1.4% chromium and max. 2% nickel, based on a steel with approx. 0.75% carbon and approx. 1% manganese tensile strengths up to 1350 N / mm 2 in the naturally hard - air-cooled - state. However, an increase in this strength through heat treatment, for example accelerated cooling into the region of the lower pearlite stage, leads to the undesirable fractions of bainite and martensite in the structure mentioned above.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Schienenstählen der eingangs genannten Art so weiterzuentwickeln, daß unter Beibehaltung des feinlamellaren perlitischen Gefüges an der Schienenfahrfläche Härtewerte von 2: 380 HV erreicht werden, wobei die Härte auch noch in einer Tiefe von 15 mm unter der Fahrfläche oberhalb 360 HV liegen soll.It is therefore an object of the present invention to further develop processes for the heat treatment of rail steels of the type mentioned at the outset such that hardness values of 2: 380 HV are achieved on the rail running surface while maintaining the fine-lamellar pearlitic structure, the hardness also being at a depth of 15 mm below the driving surface should be above 360 HV.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe dadurch, daß Schienenstähle mit der im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Analyse wärmebehandelt werden, wobei die Wärmebehandlung selbst bestimmten Austenitisierungs- und Abkühlbedingungen, wie im Kennzeichen des Hauptanspruches niedergelegt, folgt.This object is achieved in that rail steels are heat-treated with the analysis specified in the main claim, the heat treatment itself following certain austenitizing and cooling conditions, as set out in the characterizing part of the main claim.

Durch den erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Zusatz von Vanadium in der Größenordnung von 0,05 bis 0,20 % in Verbindung mit dem vorgesehenen Stickstoffgehalt von 0,010 bis 0,025 % wird insbesondere erreicht, daß nach Abschluß der Wärmebehandlung in den Ferritlamellen des feinstreifigen Perlits feindisperse Ausscheidungen von Vanadiumnitriden bzw. Vanadiumcarbonitriden vorliegen. Diese feindispersen Ausscheidungen bewirken eine Festigkeitssteigerung (Ausscheidungshärtung), die sich der Phasengrenzenhärtung durch Einstellung eines geringen Lamellenabstandes überlagert. Die Härte der erfindungsgemäß wärmebehandelten Schienen wird dadurch gegenüber einem Vanadium-freien Stahl erhöht.The addition of vanadium of the order of 0.05 to 0.20% in conjunction with the envisaged nitrogen content of 0.010 to 0.025%, in particular, ensures that after the heat treatment in the ferrite lamellae of the finely streaked perlite finely dispersed precipitates of vanadium nitrides or Vanadium carbonitrides are present. These finely dispersed precipitations result in an increase in strength (precipitation hardening), which overlaps the phase boundary hardening by setting a small lamella spacing. The hardness of the rails heat-treated according to the invention is thereby increased compared to a vanadium-free steel.

Entscheidend für den erfindungsgemäßen Erfolg ist bei den Verfahrensschritten insbesondere die Kombination der gegenüber dem Stand der Technik erhöhten Austenitisierungstemperatur von 950 bis 1050°C in Verbindung mit dem erneuten Erwärmen des Schienenkopfes auf 600 bis 650°C nach Beendigung der Perlitumwandlung. Das erneute Erwärmen des Schienenkopfes führt zu einer vollständigen Ausscheidung feinster Vanadiumcarbonitridteilchen aus der übersättigten Lösung, in der sich Vanadium, Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff nach Austenitisieren auf 950 bis 1050°C befinden. Bei der beschleunigten Abkühlung auf Temperaturen von etwa 400°C kann die Ausscheidung der Vanadiumcarbonitridteilchen nur unvollständig ablaufen; deshalb wird dabei die gewünschte Festigkeitssteigerung nur teilweise eintreten.The decisive factor for the success according to the invention in the process steps is, in particular, the combination of the austenitizing temperature of 950 to 1050 ° C., which is higher than in the prior art, in conjunction with the renewed heating of the rail head to 600 to 650 ° C. after completion of the pearlite transformation. The reheating of the rail head leads to a complete separation of the finest vanadium carbonitride particles from the supersaturated solution, in which vanadium, nitrogen and carbon are after austenitizing to 950 to 1050 ° C. With the accelerated cooling to temperatures of approximately 400 ° C., the elimination of the vanadium carbonitride particles can only take place incompletely; therefore the desired increase in strength will only partially occur.

Sind die Vanadiumcarbide bzw. Vanadiumcarbonitride feindispers ausgeschieden, wird anschließend der Schienenkopf mittels Wasser oder anderer geeigneter Abschreckmedien schnell auf eine Temperatur unter 100°C abgekühlt.If the vanadium carbides or vanadium carbonitrides are finely dispersed, the rail head is then quickly cooled to a temperature below 100 ° C using water or other suitable quenching media.

Die Wiedererwärmung des Schienenkopfes auf 600 bis 650°C bewirkt somit eine vollständige Aushärtung durch Ausscheidung feinster Vanadiumcarbide bzw. Vanadiumcarbonitride. Die vorherige Abkühlung des Schienenkopfes auf ca. 400°C stellt sicher, daß die Umwandlung in der Perlitstufe abgeschlossen ist und daß die nachfolgende Aushärtung mit einer hohen Keimdichte ablaufen kann.The reheating of the rail head to 600 to 650 ° C thus causes a complete hardening by excretion of the finest vanadium carbides or vanadium carbonitrides. The previous cooling of the rail head to approx. 400 ° C ensures that the conversion in the pearlite stage is complete and that the subsequent curing can proceed with a high germ density.

Der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Zusatz von Niob in der Größenordnung von 0,02 bis 0,10 % bewirkt kaum eine zusätzliche Ausscheidungshärtung. Er Ist dazu bestimmt, während der austenitisierenden Erwärmung das Kornwachstum in Verbindung mit den vorgesehenen Aluminiumzusätzen von 0,010 bis 0,070 % zu verhindern.The addition of niobium of the order of 0.02 to 0.10% provided according to the invention hardly brings about any additional precipitation hardening. It is designed to prevent grain growth in combination with the intended aluminum additives from 0.010 to 0.070% during austenitizing heating.

Die Merkmale der Unteransprüche stellen vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung dar.The features of the subclaims represent advantageous embodiments of the invention.

So empfiehlt es sich, gemäß Anspruch 2 eine in den einzelnen Elementen eingeschränkte Stahlanalyse zu verwenden. Zur beschleunigten Abkühlung können gemäß Anspruch 3 der Preßluft, insbesondere in der ersten Abkühlstufe, weitere flüssige Medien, wie Wasser oder Wasserdampf beigemischt werden.So it is advisable to use a limited steel analysis in the individual elements according to claim 2. For accelerated cooling, further liquid media, such as water or steam, can be added to the compressed air, in particular in the first cooling stage.

Eine wirtschaftliche Verfahrensvariante stellen die Merkmale des Anspruches 5 dar, nach dem die Schienen aus derAn economical process variant are the features of claim 5, according to which the rails from the

Warmverformungshitze heraus bei Walzendtemperaturen von 950 bis 1000°C behandelt werden. Bei dieser Verfahrensvariante entfällt das Erwärmen der erkalteten Schiene auf die Austenitisierungstemperatur, wodurch Energiekosten eingespart werden. Bei dieser Verfahrensabwandlung wird zunächst der Schienenkopf durch Anblasen mit Preßluft auf feinlamellares perlitisches Gefüge gebracht, worauf nach Beendigung der Pelitumwandlung bei 400°C der Schienenkopf erneut auf 600 bis 650°C erwärmt und anschließend die gesamte Schiene (Kopf, Steg und Fuß) mittels Wasser oder anderer geeigneter Abschreckmedien auf eine Temperatur unter 100°C schnell abgekühlt wird.Thermoforming heat can be treated at final roll temperatures of 950 to 1000 ° C. In this variant of the method, heating of the cooled rail to the austenitizing temperature is eliminated, which saves energy costs. In this modification of the process, the rail head is first brought onto fine-lamellar pearlitic structure by blowing with compressed air, whereupon after the pelite conversion has ended at 400 ° C, the rail head is again heated to 600 to 650 ° C and then the entire rail (head, bridge and foot) by means of water or other suitable quenching media is rapidly cooled to a temperature below 100 ° C.

Im folgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durch zwei grafische Darstellungen näher erläutert.The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below by means of two graphic representations.

Es zeigenShow it

  • Fig. 1 den Temperatur-Zeit-Ablauf des Wärmebe- handlungsverfahrens für einen Stahl mit definierter Analyse,Fig. 1 shows the temperature-time sequence of the Wärmebe- h andlungsverfahrens for a steel with a defined analysis
  • Fig. 2 den Härteverlauf erfindungsgemäß wärmebehandelter Schienen im Schienenkopf in bestimmten Abständen von der Lauffläche.Fig. 2 shows the course of hardness according to the invention heat-treated rails in the rail head at certain distances from the tread.

In Fig. 1 sind die bei Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens einzustellenden Temperaturen in °C während bestimmter Verfahrensschritte A bis G in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit in Minuten für einen Schienenstahl mit einer chemischen Zusammensetzung von 0,75 % C, 0,46 % Si, 1,05 % Mn, 0,10 % V, 0,04 % Nb, 0,020 % Al, 0,015 % N, Rest Eisen und übliche Verunreinigungen aufgetragen.1 shows the temperatures to be set when the method according to the invention is carried out in ° C during certain process steps A to G as a function of the time in minutes for a rail steel with a chemical composition of 0.75% C, 0.46% Si, 1 , 05% Mn, 0.10% V, 0.04% Nb, 0.020% Al, 0.015% N, balance iron and usual impurities.

Es bedeutenMean it

Verfahrensschritte

  • A - Erwärmen auf Austenitisierungstemperatur
  • B - Halten bei Austenitisierungstemperatur
  • C - Schnelle Abkühlung bis zum Beginn der Perlitumwandlung
  • D - Gedrosselte Abkühlung auf rd. 400°C
  • E - Wiedererwärmen auf rd. 600°C
  • F - Halten bei etwa 600°C
  • G - Abkühlung auf etwa 100°C.
Procedural steps
  • A - heating to austenitizing temperature
  • B - Hold at austenitizing temperature
  • C - Rapid cooling until pearlite transformation begins
  • D - Reduced cooling to approx. 400 ° C
  • E - reheating to approx. 600 ° C
  • F - Hold at around 600 ° C
  • G - cooling to about 100 ° C.

In Fig. 2 ist die Härte HV im Schienenkopf in Abhängigkeit des Abstandes in mm von der Schienenlauffläche aufgetragen, und zwar in Form eines Streubandes für erfindungsgemäß wärmebehandelte Schienen mit folgender Richtanalyse:

Figure imgb0001
Der untere Bereich des Streubandes gilt für
Figure imgb0002
Der obere Bereich des Streubandes gilt für
Figure imgb0003
Durch die neben der Härteskala gezeichnete Zugfestigkeitsskala ist die Umrechnung der Härte HV (Härtewerte nach Vickers) in Festigkeitswerte N/mm2 (N = Newton) gegeben.2 shows the hardness HV in the rail head as a function of the distance in mm from the rail running surface, in the form of a scattering band for rails heat-treated according to the invention with the following directional analysis:
Figure imgb0001
The lower area of the scatter band applies to
Figure imgb0002
The upper area of the scatter band applies to
Figure imgb0003
The tensile strength scale drawn next to the hardness scale shows the conversion of the hardness HV (Vickers hardness values) into strength values N / mm 2 (N = Newton).

Innerhalb der o.a. Richtanalyse werden bei Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmebehandlungsverfahrens an der Schienenfahrfläche Härtewerte von 400 bis 445 HV entsprechend einer Festigkeit von 1350 bis 1500 N/mm2 erreicht.Within the above-mentioned directional analysis, when the heat treatment method according to the invention is carried out, hardness values of 400 to 445 HV corresponding to a strength of 1350 to 1500 N / mm 2 are achieved on the rail running surface.

In einer Tiefe von 15 mm unter der Schienenlauffläche (= Fahrfläche) liegen die Härtewerte in einem Bereich von 380 bis 425 HV weit oberhalb der geforderten Werte von 360 HV.At a depth of 15 mm below the rail running surface (= running surface), the hardness values in a range from 380 to 425 HV are far above the required values of 360 HV.

Der Härteverlauf der nach Fig. 1 wärmebehandelten Schiene mit der dort vorgegebenen chemischen Zusammensetzung trifft ungefähr die Mittelwerte des Streubandes nach Fig. 2.r The hardness profile of the splint heat-treated according to FIG. 1 with the chemical composition given there roughly meets the mean values of the scattering band according to FIG. 2. r

Claims (5)

1. Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung perlitischer Schienenstähle, bei dem zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit und der Verschleißbeständigkeit zumindest der Kopf der Schienen auf Austenitisierungstemperatur erwärmt und anschliessend derart beschleunigt abgekühlt wird, daß durch Umwandlung in der unteren Perlitstufe sich ein feinlamellares perlitisches Gefüge einstellt, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß Stähle mit 0,55 bis 0,82 % Kohlenstoff 0,25 bis 0,50 % Silizium 0,80 bis 1,30 % Mangan ≤ 0,035 % Phosphor ≤ 0,040 % Schwefel ≤ 0,30 % Chrom ≤ 0,10 % Nickel ≤ 0,05 % Molybdän 0,05 bis 0,20 % Vanadium 0,02 bis 0,10 % Niob 0,010 bis 0,025 % Stickstoff 0,010 bis 0,070 % Aluminium
Rest Eisen und übliche erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen, eingesetzt werden, 84/420 W/Ka - wobei der Schienenkopf im Durchlauf in hinreichender Tiefe bis zu 50 mm mittels Brenner oder induktiv auf eine Austenitisierungstemperatur von 950 bis 1050°C erhitzt und - anschließend mit Preßluft derart abgekühlt wird, daß in einer ersten Stufe durch Anblasen mit hoher Luftmenge die Temperatur des Schienenkopfes innerhalb von 10 bis 20 Sekunden auf 650 bis 600°C vor den Bereich der Perlitumwandlung und in einer zweiten Stufe mit gegenüber der ersten Stufe gedrosseltem Anblasen im Bereich der Perlitumwandlung innerhalb von 2 bis 4 Minuten auf ca. 400°C bis zur Beendigung der Perlitumwandlung abgesenkt wird, - wonach der Schienenkopf erneut auf 600 bis 650°C für einen Zeitraum von 4 bis 6 Minuten erwärmt und sodann mittels Wasser oder anderer geeigneter Abschreckmedien schnell auf eine Temperatur unter 100°C abgekühlt wird. 1. A process for the heat treatment of pearlitic rail steels, in which at least the head of the rails is heated to the austenitizing temperature and subsequently cooled to accelerate such that a fine-lamellar pearlitic structure is obtained by conversion in the lower pearlite stage, characterized in that to increase the strength and wear resistance Steels with 0.55 to 0.82% carbon 0.25 to 0.50% silicon 0.80 to 1.30% manganese ≤ 0.035% phosphorus ≤ 0.040% sulfur ≤ 0.30% chromium ≤ 0.10% nickel ≤ 0.05% molybdenum 0.05 to 0.20% vanadium 0.02 to 0.10% niobium 0.010 to 0.025% nitrogen 0.010 to 0.070% aluminum
Remainder iron and usual smelting-related impurities, 84/420 W / Ka - The rail head being heated to a depth of up to 50 mm by means of a burner or inductively to an austenitizing temperature of 950 to 1050 ° C. - Then cooled with compressed air so that in a first stage by blowing with a large amount of air, the temperature of the rail head within 10 to 20 seconds to 650 to 600 ° C before the area of pearlite conversion and in a second stage with throttled compared to the first stage Blowing in the area of the pearlite conversion is reduced to about 400 ° C. within 2 to 4 minutes until the pearlite conversion has ended, - After which the rail head is again heated to 600 to 650 ° C for a period of 4 to 6 minutes and then quickly cooled to a temperature below 100 ° C by means of water or other suitable quenching media. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß Stähle mit einer Analyse von 0,70 bis 0,80 % Kohlenstoff 0,40 bis 0,50 % Silizium 0,90 bis 1,20 % Mangan ≤ 0,035 % Phosphor ≤ 0,040 % Schwefel ≤ 0,30 % Chrom ≤ 0,10 % Nickel ≤ 0,02 % Molybdän 0,08 bis 0,12 % Vanadium 0,02 bis 0,05 % Niob 0,012 bis 0,018 % Stickstoff 0,010 bis 0,050 % Aluminium
Rest Eisen und übliche Verunreinigungen wärmebehandelt werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that steels with an analysis of 0.70 to 0.80% carbon 0.40 to 0.50% silicon 0.90 to 1.20% manganese ≤ 0.035% phosphorus ≤ 0.040% sulfur ≤ 0.30% chromium ≤ 0.10% nickel ≤ 0.02% molybdenum 0.08 to 0.12% vanadium 0.02 to 0.05% niobium 0.012 to 0.018% nitrogen 0.010 to 0.050% aluminum
Remainder iron and common impurities are heat treated. 3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Preßluft, insbesondere in der ersten Abkühlstufe, flüssige Medien, wie Wasser oder Wasserdampf, beigemischt werden.3. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the compressed air, in particular in the first cooling stage, liquid media, such as water or steam, are added. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Austenitisierungstemperatur 950 bis 1000°C beträgt.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the austenitizing temperature is 950 to 1000 ° C. 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Schienen aus der Warmverformungshitze heraus bei Walzendtemperaturen von 950 bis 1000°C behandelt werden, wobei zunächst der Schienenkopf durch Anblasen mit Preßluft ein feinlamellares perlitisches Gefüge erhält, nach Beendigung der Perlitumwandlung bei 400°C der Schienenkopf erneut auf 600 bis 650°C erwärmt und anschließend die gesamte Schiene (Kopf, Steg und Fuß) mittels Wasser oder anderer geeigneter Abschreckmedien schnell auf eine Temperatur unter 100°C abgekühlt wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rails are treated from the hot forming heat at final roll temperatures of 950 to 1000 ° C, the rail head first being given a fine-lamellar pearlitic structure by blowing with compressed air, after completion of the pearlite transformation at 400 ° C the rail head is again heated to 600 to 650 ° C and then the entire rail (head, bridge and foot) is quickly cooled to a temperature below 100 ° C using water or other suitable quenching media.
EP85113653A 1984-12-21 1985-10-26 Method of heat treating pearlitic rail steels Expired - Lifetime EP0187904B1 (en)

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AT85113653T ATE56226T1 (en) 1984-12-21 1985-10-26 PROCESS FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT OF PEARLITIC RAIL STEELS.

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DE3446794 1984-12-21
DE3446794A DE3446794C1 (en) 1984-12-21 1984-12-21 Process for the heat treatment of pearlitic rail steel

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EP0187904A3 EP0187904A3 (en) 1989-07-19
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CN112410648A (en) * 2020-10-13 2021-02-26 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 High-density pearlite steel rail and preparation method thereof

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CN112011680A (en) * 2020-07-28 2020-12-01 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 Intermittent quenching method for railway wheels
CN112011680B (en) * 2020-07-28 2022-04-26 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 Intermittent quenching method for railway wheels
CN112410648A (en) * 2020-10-13 2021-02-26 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 High-density pearlite steel rail and preparation method thereof
CN112410648B (en) * 2020-10-13 2021-12-28 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 High-density pearlite steel rail and preparation method thereof

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CA1256004A (en) 1989-06-20
DE3446794C1 (en) 1986-01-02
ATE56226T1 (en) 1990-09-15
EP0187904A3 (en) 1989-07-19
JPS61157636A (en) 1986-07-17
EP0187904B1 (en) 1990-09-05
DE3579578D1 (en) 1990-10-11
US4714500A (en) 1987-12-22

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