EP0185719A1 - Micro-opto-audio-magneto-chromo electronic compass - Google Patents

Abstract

New means of communication that is used while traveling. Personal and portable receivers (2) in the format of a credit card display and broadcast, automatically or by selection, information from waves (3) from microwave or laser transmitters (1) and FM transmitters (4 ). The transmitters (1) cover sensitive areas and sequentially send a flow of information transmitted by a digital signal with a rate equal to approximately 900,000 bits / second. At the same time, the transmitters (4) are used to cover 95% of a territory with audio. New information-directional media which is of public utility, new personal guide which changes the signage discourse, new regional memory which gives the messages to the card, new advertising medium which offers the service "before-sales", new instrument which allows the selective identification, this "new compass", which takes stock with a single transmitter and gives you "the pole" of the goal you are looking for, meets all the requirements of urban, rural and interior localization and can be used with all means of locomotion.

Description

 The present invention is in the field of techniques grouped under the term telematics, that is to say techniques having as their object the remote transmission of information and its processing.

Its preferred embodiments are described for orientation, direction, identification, guidance and assistance applications. In general, the invention widens the horizon of communication and corresponds to a real need:

- NEW "CLASS MEDIA" which is of public utility, - NEW GUIDE which changes the signage discourse,

- NEW MEMORY which gives a la carte messages,

- NEW SUPPORT that offers advertising as a service,

- NEW TOOL which allows selective identification,

- NEW COMPASS which "takes stock" automatically, the present invention meets all the requirements of urban, rural and interior location - and is used with all means of locomotion in all atmospheric environments.

- "MEDIA INFO-DIRECTIONNEL", the invention improves driving aids and road safety, it optimizes the use of road and motorway networks as it can change the relationships between public services, administration and users. ..

- "PERSONAL GUIDE", it tells you the direction and the distance to find a locality, a street, a business, a service, a hotel, help, a meeting, a management, a show, a job or leisure ... As it guides you towards a company at the bottom of an industrial zone, a working ATM bank, an open petrol station, a stand in the labyrinth of an exhibition, an office in the three-dimensional maze of a new city ...

- "REGIONAL MEMORY", it gives you during your trips and when it interests you sports results, local news, weather, advice ... As it communicates traffic congestion on your route and how divert ...

- "ADVERTISING SUPPORT", it gives you the best price on a sought-after product and takes you to the nearest point of sale, as it touts the region crossed and guides you to its specialties ...

- "PROFESSIONAL TOOL", it classifies and gives the possibility of finding the goods in the best conditions, as it is suitable for value analysis, telemetry, telediagnosis ...

- "NEW COMPASS" This XXI ^"new century it connects without the cable, the individual to the community, the environment and the individual people between them. If there are to date various guidance, guidance, signaling and recognition systems; static, mechanical or electronic, none is comparable to the present invention.

In fact, the invention exploits the propagation of electromagnetic radiation between transmitters and receivers with different and complementary transmission and measurement methods:

1) A unidirectional transmission of digitized information with a periodic displacement of the carrier frequency which also authorizes the telemetry function by phase dispersion. 2) A new thin-film compass which determines the direction of the earth's magnetic field and gives the orientation function.

3) Standardized frequency modulation transmission according to the means known from the prior art.

U-band microwave transmitters or lasers are installed on sites suitably chosen to cover well-defined sensitive areas. These transmitters sequentially send all the records in a database. This flow of information is transmitted by a digital signal with a bit rate equal to approximately 900,000 bits / second. At the same time, a network of frequency modulation transmitters is installed to cover 95% of a territory. These transmitters traditionally broadcast on FM. (For the national territory, the current public and / or private network could be used by controlling the periodicity of the priority emissions) Individual and portable electronic receivers, of the format of a credit card are used by the users. They display on their screens and broadcast through their speakers:

- automatically, information of public utility such as that dealing with traffic and road safety. This information comes either from the nearby sequential transmitter or from the local FM transmitter validated by the receiver when they transmit driving aid information.

- by programming them, directional, administrative, professional, commercial, tourist, cultural, sporting, leisure information, etc. This information also comes from either the nearby sequential transmitter or the local FM transmitter validated by the receiver when transmitting the requested information.

- The receiver only needs a single transmitting source to determine the local mapping and "take stock". It ^'has no external antenna and weighs less than 100 grams. - the receiver selects information which may prove to be vital for all users, for a professional category, as for a single individual, without embarrassment for others.

- This information is optional, very extensive if we are looking for specific applications, or limited by automatic selection of information of public utility or by pre-programming of priority data for those who do not wish to worry about manipulation.

- The receiver is autonomous, as it can be connected to the car radio, the on-board computer, the digital counter of a vehicle as well as most computer equipment.

- The present invention also leads to a multitude of applications related to the interior circulation of a building, to coastal navigation, to rail traffic ...

The invention easily fits into a perspective of public, commercial and professional utility in the following way:

- The first objective of this new compass is to improve road safety, driving aids and the relationships between public services, administration and user-citizens.

- The second objective of this new medium aims to create a new promotional, advertising and commercial support which brings in particular "the pre-sales service".

- The third objective of this new means of communication is to make it a new professional tool suitable in particular for telemetry, teleclassification and remote diagnosis. This triple component allows:

- With the State, the establishment of a national network with a "de facto standard" which is the basis for standardizing the system.

- With advertising, amortization of initial expenses and funding for the maintenance of national transmitters. - With the fully achievable interdependence of the different application sectors, mass production.

- In addition, the color language for establishing dialogue between the user and the invention is a concept usable in all languages. The main operating device of the invention is based on the use of a unidirectional link modulated by pulse coding (PCM) and at a frequency which allows the telemetry function as well as to the system which determines the direction of the Earth's magnetic field.

Traditionally, the methods implementing the propagation of electromagnetic radiation are of two kinds: 1) telecommunications systems, in which a beam of electromagnetic radiation, modulated according to a standardized process (AM, FM, SSB, PM, PCM, FSK, PSK etc.) serves as a vector for a sequence of information, transmitted from the transmitting source to the receiver (s). Alternatively, two or more different modulation methods can be applied to the same beam of radiation in order to simultaneously transmit multiple independent information sequences.

2) diagnostic systems, in which a beam of electromagnetic radiation passing through or emitted by a substrate subjected to the diagnosis is analyzed by the measurement system, which makes it possible to deduce one or more physical characteristics of the substrate.

The diagnostic function requires the comparison of the energy spectrum (amplitude A and phase Phi as a function of the wavelength

Lambda) received by the receiver with the reference spectrum emitted by the source, which is known.

At an instant t, the complex amplitude of the wave received by the receiver is:

! ω ≈ oa ω iG. (ω) A (ω) ee dω ω = 0 Due to the different propagation velocities of different pulsation components, the broadband beams, ie whose spectrum extends over a wide range of omega pulsations are not usually used in telecommunications, but only in close diagnosis. The present invention exploits the phase dispersion of a beam of electromagnetic radiation passing through a material medium, which may be the Earth's atmosphere separating the emitter from the receiver or a substrate separating a radiation applicator from the receiver or the material of the substrate itself if the said substrate constitutes an emitter. According to the prior art, the absorption, that is to say the amplitude attenuation, of an electromagnetic wave beam through the atmosphere has been exploited, to our knowledge, only in two cases:

1) measurement of the water vapor concentration of the upper atmosphere.

2) confidentialization of short-range radiotelephony exploiting the absorption by the rho 3 sigma band of oxygen from the U band (60 Ghz) in order to limit the possibilities of interception of messages outside the beam.

According to the present invention, the differential absorption of the radiation at at least two different frequencies of the spectrum of the transmitting source and / or the phase dispersion of the composite signal emitted by the transmitting source is exploited and analyzed by each of the receivers of so as to measure at least one characteristic of the medium crossed such as its length, which in this case is the distance separating each of the receivers from the emitting source.

Since the radiation emitted by the source must be partially absorbed and / or dispersed by the atmosphere crossed, the frequency of the emitting source must be chosen from one of the following bands:

1) triplet 3 rho sigma absorption band of oxygen at 60 + 6 Ghz (U band)

2) infra-red and red oxygen absorption bands at 6.426, 0.7624 and 0.688 microns.

3) absorption bands in the ultraviolet of oxygen and nitrogen from 0.145 to 0.204 microns.

Among the radiation sources that can be used as emitters are U-band microwave oscillators with Gunn diode, Impatt diode, traveling wave tube and excimer lasers such as the Argon fluoride laser (ArF) emitting at 0.193 microns.

The transmitting source is modulated according to one of the methods known as being suitable for the transmission of a stream of sequential information in digital form representing inter alia the cartography of the place - geographical in which the user of the receiver moves relative to the transmitter.

Angular information is available at the receiver to allow it to locate itself in relation to an absolute geographic frame of reference. This can be done in two distinct and possibly complementary ways:

1) coding at the level of the radiation beam itself of the angle of rotation imposed by each reference by a mirror. This requires the use of a linearly or circularly polarized beam as well as a mirror whose surface structure is anisotropic with respect to the electromagnetic wave that it reflects.

2) determination at the receiver of its own angular orientation with respect to the earth's magnetic field, using a new magneto-electronic thin-film compass.

• According to a first practical aspect of the present invention, a system for transmitting and receiving information by means of electromagnetic waves (3), of the type comprising at least one emitter of microwave or laser waves (1) and at least a portable individual receiver (2), and its application mainly in the fields of communication, guidance, telemetry, coding, programming and advertising, is generally characterized in that the system mainly uses a broadband beam, and in that the transmission frequency of said transmitter (1) varies over a certain frequency range covering at least partially an absorption band from the Earth's atmosphere, and in that the differential absorption of radiation at at least two different frequencies of the spectrum of the emitting source and / or the phase dispersion of the composite signal emitted by the source transmitter is exploited and analyzed by the receiver (2) so as to determine a quantitative of a characteristic of the medium crossed, which can be the terrestrial atmosphere or a substrate separating an applicator from the radiation of the receiver or the material of the substrate itself if said substrate constitutes an emitter, and in that the receiver (2) takes account of the earth's magnetic field. It follows from these provisions:

Let the receiver (2) analyze with the system the magnetic dipole absorption of oxygen from the Earth's atmosphere.

That through this analysis the receiver (2) measures the distance L separating it from the transmitter (1).

That the receiver (2) takes stock with only wine transmitter (1) according to this measurement and the earth's magnetic field. According to another aspect of the present invention, it is characterized in that the direction of the earth's magnetic field constitutes one of the n measures necessary for the receiver to determine its position in a space with n dimensions (n being equal to two for a displacement on the surface of the earth), and that the receiver (2) determines the direction of the terrestrial magnetic field by means of a micro-electronic device with thin layer (19) made up of generators with effect "Hall" (30 ).

It follows from these provisions that the receiver (2) determines its exact geographic position with these two measurements.

According to another aspect of the present invention, it is characterized in that the receiver (2) comprises for the collection of waves emitted by at least one of the electromagnetic sources (3) an antenna with a dielectric lens (8) adapted at the wavelength of said electromagnetic source (3) and in that this lens focuses the electromagnetic wave (3) incident on a semiconductor detector (11) and selective by the interposition, either of a interference filter, or a resonant power line (10) which is of the trapped inverted microstrip type in order to obtain the highest overvoltage coefficient. It follows from these provisions that the receiver (2) has no prominent antenna and that it is used as it is without an external antenna, even on board a vehicle. According to another aspect of the present invention, it is characterized in that said electromagnetic waves are transmitted in the form of wave trains modulated by pulse coding and that said receiver (2) comprises means of digital type for processing and displaying the information received, and in that the receiver (2) also comprises analog-type means performing the telemetric function and an analog-to-digital converter (15) digitizing the telemetry signal which allow it to be situated in relation to the '' transmitter (1).

It follows from these provisions that the said receiver (2) which calculates the distance L separating it from the transmitter (1) and which also displays this distance is a new measuring instrument.

According to another aspect of the present invention, this is characterized in that the digital computer of the receiver determines, from the binary information modulated by pulse coding and from the telemetric information digitized by the analog converter (15 ) and with the four-pole sensor (19) which has 2 reference X and Y axes in the receiver's own plane and the electrical signal given by the quadrupole detector, the precise distance and a measure of the angle between the axis north / south of the Earth's magnetic field and the receiver's own axes (2).

It follows from these provisions that the receiver (2), which also displays a memorized directional signal (31) which is readjusted during the movement towards a site, a habitat, an object sought and listed other than the transmitter (1) and by even there permanently gives direction to the desired goal, is a new compass.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a system for transmitting and receiving information by means of electromagnetic waves (3), of the type comprising at least two transmitters of different waves (1) and (4) and at least a portable individual receiver (2), and its application in the fields of communication, guidance, telemetry and advertising, is characterized in that the system mainly uses a broadband beam and in that it also uses a beam of electromagnetic radiation according to the standardized frequency modulation process, and that said receiver comprises means of digital type, of analog type and of radio type for processing, displaying and broadcasting the information received.

It follows from these arrangements that the receiver which simultaneously selects information coming from two transmitting sources of different types, microwave or digital laser (1) and frequency modulation (4), displays them on its screen and broadcasts them by his speaker is a new "media".

According to another aspect of the present invention, it is characterized in that the receiver (2) is provided with a plurality of micro-sensitive keys (23 + 24) making it possible to select from a plurality of programs a treatment program of the information received, and in that these keys are either colorimetric, alphabetic, numeric or symbolic, or combine these qualities partially or all at the same time, and that these attributions depend either on the nature of the emitting sources, or the type of program, or the creative will of the user.

It follows from these provisions that the keys can represent, according to mnemonic techniques and / or vector tactile rules and / or pre-established codifications according to standards, letters or words, numbers or numbers, musical notes or chords, symbols or formulas, as well as objects, properties, relations, states, actions, events, scenarios, inferences, computer languages, also cardinal points and which one can thus choose information displayed or broadcast from a plurality of possible information. According to another aspect of the invention, it is characterized in that the receiver (2) cannot include any apparent function or programming key.

It follows from this arrangement that the receiver (2) is preprogrammed for a goal or several identical goals and that the receiver (2) is used as such as a "compass", with instead of the wording of the keys an advertising image. .

According to another aspect of the invention, it is characterized in that the receiver (2) is a portable and individual card, using micro-opto-magneto-chromo-electronic means to "take stock" by programming or preprogramming.

It follows from these provisions that with this "new compass" it is possible to navigate in a precise manner, on foot or on board a vehicle, without traffic signs, towards one or more determined goals, by display on its dial of directional signals and alphanumeric data and by diffusion by its loudspeaker of information on this or these goals programmed or preprogrammed.

According to another aspect of the present invention, it is characterized in that the receiver (2) is a portable and individual card, using micro-opto-magneto-chromo-electronic means to select during its movement of information . tteb .. It follows from these provisions that with this "new media" one can receive during his travels, either automatically public utility information such as road safety instructions, or by programming various information when it is longed for. According to another aspect of the present invention, it is characterized in that the receiver (2) is a portable and individual card, using micro-opto-magneto-chromo-electronic means to receive during its movements pre- selected.

It follows from these provisions that with this "new media" one can receive during his travels automatically and without manipulation of the system of public utility information as well as various pre-programmed information.

These aims and others, as well as the features and advantages of the present invention, are the subject in the following description of practical embodiments given by way of examples, in correlation with the attached drawings:

- Figure 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the invention ,, in which a receiver (2) measures the distance L separating it from a sequential and digital transmitting source (1).

- Figure 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the invention in the more general case where the sites of exploitability of the signal emitted by this emitting source (1) are not aligned. The beam (3) being returned by mirrors (25) on the receiver (2). - Figure 3 is a diagram of a practical embodiment of the invention with a Gunn or Impatt transmitter (5) where the direct radiation connection by horn (6) to the focus of a parabolic reflector (7) of the beam (3 ) reached, the diopter (8) of the receiver (2).

- Figure 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention in the case of a receiver (2) receiving two separate transmissions at the same time. A wave (3) from a microwave or laser transmitter (1) and a wave (3) from an FM transmitter (4).

- Figure 5 is a diagram of the receiver (2) with its various components: The diopter or the dielectric antenna (8) composed of the lens (9), the microstrip (10) and the sensing diode (11). A differential amplifier (12), a logarythmic amplifier (13), summing amplifier wine (14), an analog / digital converter (15), a decoder (16), a microprocessor (17) equipped with a non-volatile memory (18 ), the magnetic sense sensor (19), the LCD display (20), the backup battery (21), the trigger comparator (22), the keyboard (23 + 24). - Figure 6 is a perspective diagram of the diopter (8) which is a dielectric antenna composed of a polyethylene or TPX lens in semi-cylindrical or elliptical profile (9), of an inverted microband resonant trapped gold / copper (10 ) and a metal box (34). - Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of said diopter (8) with the return connection (26), the output connection (27), the gallium arsenide detector diode (11), the tuning screw (28) .

- Figure 8 is a diagram seen from above of the magnetic direction sensor (19) with the anisotropic ferrite pole pieces (29) and the quadrupole Hall effect magneto-diodes (30).

- Figure 9 is a longitudinal section of said magnetic sense sensor.

PRACTICAL REALIZATION with magnetic dipole absorption of oxygen at 62.4 Ghz: TRANSMITTER (1) according to figure 3. Gunn or Impatt oscillator (5), 30 mW effective, U band. PCM modulation (max data 10 Mbits / s currently extensible), modulation managed by a microcomputer with a clock frequency of 10 MHz (simple structure because it is limited to a sequential transmission of preprogranimized information; a memory capacity of 16 Kbytes is sufficient for sequential transmission of a file 600 sites with their geographic location) and FSK by frequency shift (+ 150 Mhz), (the telemetric transmission FSK does not alter the PCM information).

Connection by waveguide or direct radiation by horn (6) to the focal point of a parabolic reflector (7) under a plastic radome. Propagation of the beam in a straight line with references by slightly concave mirrors (25) as in Figure 2.

RECEIVER (2) according to FIG. 5. (the reception head is the only part to be changed for the possible use of a laser as an information vector). The dielectric antenna (8) functions as a waveguide - Fresnel lens and concentrates the electromagnetic radiation (3) intercepted on its surface on a gold / copper microstrip line (10) resonating in U-band, with detection by a Schottky diode (11) (60/75 Ghz diode), connected to the input of a logarythmic amplifier (13).

The output of the amplifier (13), consisting of pulse trains of variable amplitude, is connected on the one hand to a Schmidt trigger comparator (22) and to a shift register (16), connected according to the means known from the prior art to a digital logical processing unit (MPU CMOS If memory PR0M (18); Keyboard (23 + 24) + LCD display (20)). The shift register is controlled by the CPU clock (17) and synchronized to the FSK pulses, the data acquisition being asynchronous. The extraction of telemetric information consists in solving the equation V = 2.34 V e, where V is the amplitude of a binary element such as information rr at the output of logarythmic amplifier (i.e. whose output voltage is proportional to InV). i At the output of the log amplifier, a blocking sampler, controlled by a comparator with automatic threshold adjustment, directs the FSK V pulses to an analog summator (op amp). Phone

Then: L = In V - In V - In 2.34. tel r The electrical signal (voltage or current) proportional to L is converted into digital number, for example by an A / D converter in technology I, or by an algorithm for counting integration time under CPU control.

The extraction of directional information consists in solving the equation Q_ = A tan (V / V) as a function of the 2 axes X and Y of yx reference of the quadrupole detector (19) compared to the north / south axis of Earth's magnetic field and the receiver's own axes.

Then, the CPU calculates the relative distance and the relative direction of the searched site whose coordinates were extracted from the train of pulses scrolling in the shift register. The receiver comprises, among other things, a resonant line of the trapped inverted microstrip type (10), itself coupled to a Schottky detector (11). In the case of the use of an ArF laser emitter, the resonant antenna would consist of a fluorescent dielectric diopter coupled to at least one photodiode.

The following elements of the receiver structure, FIG. 5, are independent of the nature of the radiation emitted by the source: a logarythmic amplifier LA (13), a summing amplifier Amp (14) and an analog / digital converter CAN (15), a PCD decoder (16), a microprocessor CPU (17) equipped with a non-volatile memory RAM (18) (either of the CMOS type with backup battery, or of the EAR0M type, or of the magnetic bubble type), receiving the sequential information from the PCD decoder (16), the telemetry information from the ADC / ADC, the user program from the keyboard (in the case of programmable cards) and managing the LCD liquid crystal display (20)

The active circuits are installed in the form of "chips" or in the form of micro-boxes on a printed circuit, the lower face of which comprises a set of silicon photocells, ensuring the supply of the set. When using a RAMCM0S, a backup battery (21) (lithium, mercury or silver oxide) is placed in the thickness of the circuit. The LCD display (20) and the keyboard (23 + 24) are located on the active circuits side and connected by solder or strip conductive elastomer. For angular guidance by magneto-electronic compass in thin layer, the magnetic field direction sensor (19) is connected to the analog / digital ADC converter (15) using a differential amplifier (12). The design of the diopter (8) depends on the emitting source (3) used:

In the case of a laser source, its function is that of a semi-cylindrical or Fresnel lens (9) which concentrates the light received on one or more photodiodes (11) added to the circuit.

In the case of using a U-band microwave source its role is more complex since it constitutes both a dielectric lens (9) and a dielectric resonator resonating in U-band with the suspended line (10) formed by metallization under empty, and terminated by a Schottky diode (11) gallium arsenide, and the grooved metal part (25) attached to the printed circuit, comprising a tuning screw (28), the whole constituting a trapped inverted microstrip resonator.

ERGONOMIC ACHIEVEMENTS according to Figures 10, 11. 12 and 13.

The previously described and other feasibilities of the present invention can be realized in several aspects and have a multitude of applications. This is the subject in the description which follows of ergonomic embodiments of the invention given by way of example, in correlation with the attached drawings:

These individual and portable receivers are boxes of the order of ten centimeters long, half a dozen centimeters wide and a few millimeters thick.

Figure 10 - The "standard" programmable card, receiver (2) in an 86 x 54 mm format. On the front: an LCD display (20) with a movable directional sign (31), a keyboard provided with sensitive programming (23) and function (24) keys. (On the back see figure 13)

Its size gives it good handling and storage compatibility with the cards currently on the market. The main users would be tourists, travelers, motorists, residents, consumers ... Figure 11 - The pre-programmed "standard" card, receiver (2) in an 86 x 54 mm format. On the front an LCD display (20) with a movable directional sign (31). It has no apparent function or programming keys. It is pre-programmed for one or more identical goals. It can be used without manipulation with an advertising image instead of the keyboard label (23 + 24). (On the back see figure 13) Figure 12 - The "company" card, receiver (2) its larger 125 x 65 mm format (reversible for specific applications and always pocket-sized), gives it a larger screen for professional use. On the front an LCD display (20) on which letters, numbers and / or directional symbols (31) can appear. (In the lower part, a space is reserved for displaying the manipulations) Reprogrammable sensitive keys on which colors and / or operational indications can appear, a) These keys are for programming (23) or for function (24). b) The set of keys forms a sensitive surface which allows the "finger writing" function in order to trace characters and words with a finger (function for programming in plain text) (On the back see Figure 13) Figure 13 - The back of all the cards. The diopter (8) has the function of collecting the wave coming from the digital sequential transmitter. The function of the FM receiver (32) is to collect the wave coming from the FM transmitter. (for example between 10-4-108 MHz) The loudspeaker (33) broadcasts the programs in frequency modulation.

The main characteristic of color is its universality, not only geographic, but also at all levels of being and knowledge. Indeed, if certain colors symbolize the elements, like red = fire, green = plant kingdom and water. They also symbolize space, like blue verticale the vertical dimension, red = the horizontal dimension, gray = the center of this space.

If in general black symbolizes time and white timeless, these two opposite colors also represent the intrinsic dualism of being. So let's admit that the man is gray in the center of the chromatic force field, between all the opposite colors, between yellow and blue, red and green, white and black ...

According to a first practical and ergonomic aspect of the present invention, the manipulation method for establishing the dialogue between the receiver and its user comes from a syllogism which brings together a chromatic flowchart A appearing on the receiver and the exteroceptive sensitivity of the user, in order to develop and then use a new language capable of identifying selective orientation, information and classification. This is generally characterized in that the receiver includes a flexible keyboard provided with sensitive keys (23 + 24) ^ t that on these keys appear for example the seven primary colors, VIOLET, dark BLUE (indigo), CYAN (light blue), GREEN, YELLOW, 1 ^» ORANGE and RED as well as BLACK, GRAY and WHITE.

It follows from these provisions that by defining assertions dependent on colors as well as tactile rules, on, from and towards; one or more fixed colorimetric markers, we obtain a new abbreviated declarative language to orient, inform and classify. This amounts to building a mini vector expert system.

Next, this manipulation process is developed, then a new language specific to codification is used.

This is characterized in that the basic organization chart takes into account an organization of the colors and the natural order of the figures by giving for example the organization chart n ° Al according to r

It follows from these provisions that colorimetric and / or digital names (in black and white) can be produced by combining the tones and thus codifying information able to be received and interpreted by the receiver as well as by the user. (The telephone and videotex keys could have these same colors)

The manipulation process also uses the color symbolism of the basic flowchart for orientation.

This is characterized in that the four cardinal points are represented by the four fundamental tones: BLUE and YELLOW, RED and GREEN, opposite colors whose center is GRAY and in that the table is completed with other points directional next to the other colors (except black), the application of this process gives 1Organigram n ° A2 as follows:

It follows from these provisions that the receiver has a compass function with nine directions, the four cardinal points, the four intermediaries and the center (that is to say, as the case may be: the city center, the center of interest, the center of attraction, the center of activity, the center of its preoccupations, "the ego"). Inside the four cardinal points which can signify the top, the bottom, the left and the right.

The manipulation process and its applications to chromatic programming is characterized in that it takes account of basic human activities and states of consciousness.

It is carried out with two manipulations of the basic organization chart, one divergent and the other convergent. The following organizational chart No. A3 diverges:

INFORMATION OBTAIN CONTACT (VIOLET-1) (BLUE-2) (CYAN-3)

BUY-L0UER MAN WANT (RED-4) (GRAY-5) (GREEN-6)

PRODUCT REACH GOAL (ORANGE-7) (YELLOW-8) (WHITE-9)

It follows from this provision, that with the organization chart n ° A3 the fact of pressing first on the GRAY key "I want" triggers a voluntary intention. Several practical routes are available, the peripheral colors being either the representation of the reason for the action or of deliberation, and the flow chart n ^β A4 converges as follows:

It follows from this arrangement, that with the organization chart n ° A4 the concentration of the peripheral colors towards the GRAY center gives eight executable manipulations going from the intention or the desire towards "the ego".

According to another aspect of the invention, a reprogramming of the keys of the flowchart is characterized in that it can be carried out from the transmission.

It follows that the redistribution of the assertions according to the colors can give and correspond according to the needs to letters or words, numbers or numbers, musical notes or chords, symbols or formulas, as well as objects, properties ^, relationships, states, actions, events, scenarios, inferences, programs, etc.

It also follows that an adaptation of the system for chromatic definitions of objects in companies then participates, in the same way as other functions (IT, administration, production, standardization, communication, circulation, etc.). creation or complementarity of an automated global management system.

The colorimetric and / or numerical designations would be displayed next to the traditional indications of the tables or synoptic panels, would appear on the plans, the guides, the directories, the files ..- As well as on the catalogs, the messages and the commercials of the products and would be made from mnemonic landmarks and classifications.

These colorimetric designations also taking into account existing chromatic codifications, a standardized classification would organize all of the services sought by users of the invention. A basic codification planned at the national level would give the same colors to each Town Hall, each Pharmacy ...

A basic chromatic normalization planned on a larger scale would allow, without the language barrier, each individual in any country to find, routes, places, accommodation, catering, services, shops, correspondents ... Places private, covered or enclosed use the color combinations according to their own criteria.

The basic color chart is, in a way, a chromatic palindrome and the assertions which have been assigned to it have been defined with a directional and informational aim for tourists, motorists, consumers and residents.

Although particular purposes have been described and particular embodiments of a system for transmitting and receiving information according to the invention have been described, it should be understood that the present invention is in no way limited to these forms and goals. Thus it includes in this transmission and reception system in which the functions would not only be directional, informational and classifying but also to carry out diagnostics. This is characterized in that the differential absorption of electromagnetic radiation in U-band also detects an anomaly of percolation of oxygen, from which it follows that the receiver and the transmitter forming applicator (2 + 5 + 6 + 7) in U-band can be used for

- diagnose, in primary form through the body of a living being irradiated by the said applicator, an abnormality of oxygen percolation clinical symptom of a cancerous tumor or pulmonary edema.

Similarly in the directional case, it is also forward-looking, that is to say that the goal to be achieved according to established criteria is not essentially geographic but also physical.

Still relates to the invention an information transmission system of the aforementioned type in which the vector waves of the information are either light of the laser type, or electromagnetic of the microwave and frequency modulation types, or resulting from a combination of all or in parts of the transmissions of these waves.

It should also be understood that the system of the invention is not limited to the sole case where the receivers are provided with only functions for receiving and processing information, but that it also extends to the case where the receivers would themselves be transmitters allowing an interrogation and possibly a dialogue with the transmitters or with other users.

It is also apparent from the invention that if the four variations presented from the basic flowchart were developed to establish a simple and rapid dialogue for the majority of individuals to obtain information while on the move, it will be that the system allows other variations on the same theme and / or on professional applications and that on this organization chart may appear more or less colors or none.

It should thus be understood that the scope of the invention is defined by the content of the description of its general means and that any technical, ergonomic or aesthetic equivalence can be made in its constituent elements without going beyond the ambit of the invention.

Claims

1.- Apparatus for transmitting and receiving information by means of electromagnetic waves (3), of the type comprising at least one transmitter (1) of waves and at least one individual portable receiver (2), and its application mainly in the fields of communication, orientation, identification, telemetry, teleclassification, remote diagnosis, coding and programming, characterized: in that the apparatus uses wide beams band, and in that the emission frequency of said emitter (1) varies over a certain frequency range covering at least partially an absorption band of the terrestrial atmosphere, and in that the differential absorption of the radiation at at least two different frequencies of the spectrum of the transmitting source and / or the phase dispersion of the composite signal transmitted by the transmitting source is analyzed and analyzed by the receiver (2) so as to determine a char ristic of the medium crossed, which can be the Earth's atmosphere or a substrate separating an applicator from the radiation of the receiver or the material of the substrate itself even if the said substrate constitutes an emitter, and in that the receiver analyzes the magnetic dipole absorption of the oxygen of the terrestrial atmosphere and / or detects an anomaly of percolation of the oxygen of the medium crossed, and in that through the analysis of the magnetic dipolar absorption of the oxygen the receiver (2) measures the distance L separating it from the transmitter (1), and in that as a function of this measurement and of the earth's magnetic field, the receiver (2) determines its exact geographical position and "takes stock" with a single material transmitter;

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized: in that the direction of the terrestrial magnetic field constitutes one of the n measures necessary for the receiver to determine its position in a space in dimensions, n being equal to two for displacement over the surface of the earth, and in that the receiver (2) determines the direction of the earth's magnetic field by means of a thin-film micro-electronic device (19) made up of Hall effect generators (30) and / or semiconductor magnetodiodes;

3.- Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized: in that the receiver (2) comprises for the collection of waves emitted by at least one of the electromagnetic sources (3) an antenna with dielectric lens ( 8) adapted to the wavelength of said electromagnetic source (3), and in that this lens (9) focuses the electromagnetic wave

(3) incident on a semiconductor detector and selective by the interposition, either of an interference filter, or of a resonant electrical line (10) which is of the inverted microstrip type trapped in order to obtain the highest coefficient overvoltage, and in that by these provisions the receiver (2) does not have a prominent antenna and that it is used as it is without an external antenna even on board a vehicle;

4.- Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized: in that said electromagnetic waves (3) are transmitted in the form of wave trains modulated by pulse coding, and in that said receiver (2) comprises digital type means for processing and displaying the information received, and in that the receiver (2) comprises analog type means fulfilling the telemetric function and an analog digital converter (15) digitizing the telemetry signal which it allow to be located in relation to the transmitter (1), and in that the said receiver (2), which calculates the distance L separating it from the transmitter (1) and / or from all points listed by the transmitter (1) and which displays these distances, is a new measuring instrument;

5.- Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized: 'in that the digital computer of the receiver (2) determines, from the binary information coming from the microwave or laser transmitter ( 1) modulated by pulse coding and telemetric information digitized by the analog converter (15) and with the four-pole sensor (19) which has 2 axes X and Y of reference in the proper plane of the receiver and the signal electric given by the quadrupole detector, for a programmed or pre-programmed geographical point its precise distance and the measurement of the angle between the north / south axis of the Earth's magnetic field and the own axes of the receiver (2), and in that the receiver (2), which also displays a memorized directional signal (31) which is readjusted during the movement towards a site, a habitat, an object sought and listed other than the transmitter (1) and thereby gives permanently the direction of the determined goal, is a new compass which gives "the pole" of all geographic points sought and listed;

6.- Apparatus for transmitting and receiving information by means of electromagnetic waves (3), of the type comprising at least one emitter of microwave or laser type waves (1), at least one emitter of modulation waves frequency (4) and at least one portable individual receiver (2), and its application in the fields of communication, orientation, identification, telemetry, remote classification, remote diagnosis, coding and programming, characterized: according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in that the apparatus uses a broadband beam among the triplet 3 rho sigma absorption bands of oxygen at 60 + 6 GHz or the infrared and red oxygen absorption bands at 6.426, 0.7624 and 0.688 microns or the ultra-violet absorption bands for oxygen and nitrogen from 0.145 to 0.204 microns, and in that the apparatus uses a beam of electromagnetic radiation salt the standardized method of frequency modulation, and in that said receiver comprises means of digital and analog type and traditional radio reception means for receiving and simultaneously processing the information transmitted, and in that the receiver (2 ), which simultaneously selects information from two different types of transmitting sources and simultaneously displays it on its screen and broadcasts it through its loudspeaker, is a new "medium";

7.- Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized: in that the receiver (2) is provided with a plurality of sensitive keys (23 + 24) which make it possible to select p-armi a plurality programs a program for processing the information received, and in that these keys are programming and / or functional and / or colorimetric, alphabetic, numeric, symbolic and / or combine these qualities partially or all at the same time, and in that these attributions depend either on the nature of the emitting sources, either of the type of emission, or of the creative will of the user, and in that the keys represent, according to mnemonic techniques and / or tactile vector rules and / or pre-established codifications according to standards , letters or words, numbers or numbers, musical notes or chords, symbols or formulas, as well as objects, properties, relationships, states, actions, events, scenarios , - inferences, computer languages, also cardinal points and that one can thus choose a displayed or audible information among the diffusion of a plurality of possible information emitted by the transmitters;

8.- Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized: in that the receiver (2) has no apparent function or programming key, and in that the receiver (2), which is pre- progr-ammé for a goal or several identical goals, is used as it is without manipulation with, for example, an advertising image in place of the wording of the keys;

9.— Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized: in that the receiver (2) is a portable and individual card using micro-opto-magneto-chromo-electronic means to select during its movement of information by programming or pre-programming, and in that with this "new compass" we move in a precise manner, on foot or in a vehicle, without traffic signs, towards one or more determined goals, by display on its dial of directional signals and alphanumeric data and by diffusion by its loudspeaker of information on this or these goals programmed or pre-programmed, and in that with this "new media" one receives during his travels, either automatically information of public utility such as road safety instructions and / or pre-programmed information, or by programming various information when desired;

10.- Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized: in that it uses to establish the dialogue between the receiver and the user a syllogism which brings together a flowchart appearing on the programming and function keys of the receiver and the exteroceptive sensitivity of the user to develop and then use a new language suitable for determining programming, coding, orientation, selective information and classification, and in that this flowchart is chromatic or schematic, and in that by defining assertions dependent on colors and / or diagrams as well as graphico-vector rules, on, from and towards one or more fixed colorimetric and / or reference marks schematics we obtain, by tracing with our finger on the flowchart, an abbreviated declarative language suitable for programming, coding, orienting, informing and classifying; _ _*

11.— Apparatus according to any one of claims 7 and 10 and its application to codification, characterized: in that it takes account of an organization of colors and the natural order of the figures, and in that it exhibits colorimetric and / or digital names (in black and white) with the ten tones capable of being perceived and interpreted by the receiver (2) as by the user;

12.- Apparatus according to any one of claims 7, 10 and 11 and its application to orientation and programming with a particular declarative language, characterized: in that the four cardinal points are represented on the basic flowchart by the four fundamental tones: BLUE and YELLOW, RED and GREEN, opposite colors whose center is GRAY, and in that the table is complete with other directional points opposite other colors such as VIOLET, CYAN,

The ORANGE, the WHITE, and in that by pressing each colorimetric key of the flowchart one obtains a compass function with nine directions, with the four cardinal points, the four intermediaries and the center, ie following the cases, the city center, the center of interest, the center of attraction, the center of activity, the center of its preoccupations, "the ego", and in that the organization chart takes account of the activities and the states of human consciousness, and in that the manipulation on this flowchart generates divergent or convergent tactile traces, and in that the first pressing of the GRAY key (the me) triggers a voluntary intention by sliding the finger towards the peripheral colors which represent the reasons for action and _ deliberation where several practical ways are offered, and ~ in that the fact of pressing first on one of the touches of peripheral colors by sliding the finger towards the center GRAY gives eight executable manipulations going from the intention towards "the ego", and in that the concerted movement relating to several fixed references realizes a new programming language chromatico or schematic-vector , and in that the reprogramming of the keys of the receiver (2) for other applications is carried out from the transmission and / or by means of the traditional keyboard of a computer connected to the receiver with an interface and an apparatus peripheral, and in that according to mnemonic techniques and / or vector tactile rules and / or pre-established codifications the redistribution of the keys of the clav ier gives manipulations which concern various activities and that one thus chooses a displayed or audible information among a flood of possible sequential information, and in that an adaptation of the apparatus gives means for classifying and finding products and / or to establish concepts of value analysis and / or to draw up diagnostic tables and / or to develop computer languages and / or to create a tool for handling expert systems.