EP0175914A1 - Projectile for counteracting freely moving objects - Google Patents

Abstract

A projectile is proposed which is moved by a thrusting force in the direction of an object to be engaged. At a certain distance from the object (10) to be engaged, there is ejected from the casing (15) of the projectile an element (40) which is able, for example due to the air resistance, to unfold over a large expanse, such that an intercepting, direction-changing and/or destroying collision of the element which can unfold in the manner of a parachute, tennis net, accordion (leporello) or else octahedron, with the object to be engaged is achieved. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a projectile with a projectile and deployable element for combating targeted and / or freely moving objects.

To combat torpedoes or the like, a towed body is known from US Pat. No. 4,231,311, which is towed by a ship, for example. In the towed body there are provided, among other things, suitable sensors for detecting torpedoes aimed at the ship, for example in order to achieve a destructive collision, and an element arranged in a gathered state, which is ejected from the towed body with suitable means for intercepting the torpedoes and is unfolded and spread out like a parachute.

The invention is based, to improve a projectile of the type mentioned in the sense of a variety of uses and for safe and effective combat of targeted shot and / or free-moving objects the task.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that, in order to achieve an intercepting, direction-changing and / or destructive collision of the projectile by a thrust force, it is moved approximately in the direction of the object to be combated and the element is ejected from the sleeve body at a specific distance from the object in such a way that the shock-absorbing organs with the sleeve body or the individual sleeve body parts, the element that is operatively connected is deployed over a large area. Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following description in conjunction with the drawing and the claims.

According to the invention, a projectile is understood to be any device moved by a thrust in the air, in space or under water, which has a sleeve body designed to receive a deployable element, the projectile being fired from cannon tubes or canisters, for example, or by means of its own suitable means generated thrust can be moved in the direction of the object to be controlled. Furthermore, there is the possibility of directing the projectile directed or unguided, ballistically or aerodynamically or hydrodynamically from a suitable launching device onto the object.

• Fig. 1 ein in Schnittansicht dargestelltes Geschoss zur Aufnahme und zum Ausstossen eines entfaltbaren Elements,
• Fig. 2 ein in grösserem Massstab dargestelltes, stossdämpfendes Organ für das entfaltbare Element,
• Fig. 3 ein Teilstück einer ersten Variante des Geschosses
• Fig. 4 eine zweite Variante des Geschosses
• Fig. 5 eine dritte Variante des Geschosses
• Fig. 6 einen Schnitt durch das Geschoss gemäss der Linie VI-VI in Fig. 5,
• Fig. 7 eine vierte Variante des Geschosses,
• Fig. 8 einen Schnitt durch das Geschoss gemäss der Linie VIII-VIII in Fig.7, und
• Fig. 9-13 je ein Anwendungsbeispiel des anhand der Figuren 1 bis 8 beschriebenen Geschosses.

The invention is described below using exemplary embodiments and application examples with reference to the drawing. It shows:

• 1 is a sectional view of a projectile for receiving and ejecting a deployable element,
• 2 shows a shock-absorbing member for the deployable element, shown on a larger scale,
• Fig. 3 shows a section of a first variant of the projectile
• Fig. 4 shows a second variant of the projectile
• Fig. 5 shows a third variant of the projectile
• 6 shows a section through the projectile along the line VI-VI in FIG. 5,
• 7 shows a fourth variant of the projectile,
• 8 shows a section through the projectile along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7, and
• FIGS. 9-13 each show an application example of the projectile described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.

In FIG. 1, 1 denotes a projectile, shown schematically and in a sectional view, which essentially comprises a sleeve body 15, an ignition element 20 and a base part 25. A propellant charge 30 is arranged in the front area of the projectile 1, which is operatively connected to the ignition element 20 in a manner not shown and is separated from the interior 16 of the sleeve body 15 by a film-like separating element 31. In the interior 16 of the sleeve body 15 there is furthermore a schematically shown element 40 which can be unfolded over a large area and is shown in the gathered state. The element 40 is at one end via a schematically illustrated, shock-absorbing member 35 and means 36 not shown on the inside 15 'of the sleeve body 15, and at the other end via a tension member 27 and means 26 not shown on the inside 25 'of the bottom part 25 attached. A corresponding predetermined breaking point 28 is provided on the circumference of the projectile 1 in order to separate the base part 25 from the sleeve body 15.

2 shows, as a schematically represented variant, a shock-absorbing member 45, which essentially consists of a tension member 46 and is meandered and laid and glued to a set of layers lying parallel to one another and designated 47 in its entirety. The adhesive located between the individual layers and surrounding the complete layer package 47 is denoted by 48 and by the hatching shown. The organ 45 is fastened to the sleeve body 15 or the like with the one tension member end 46 ′ and the means 36 ′ and with the other tension member end 46 ″ to the deployable element 40 (not shown in more detail). In the case of the shock-absorbing member 45 according to FIG 2, when the element 40 is ejected in the direction of the arrow 51 from the sleeve body 15 (not shown in FIG. 2), layer by layer of the tension member 46 is pulled apart in the direction of the arrow 50 by separating the individual adhesive layers. It is important here that the tensile strength of the Adhesive 48 is less than the tensile strength of the tension member 46 or the element 40 attached thereto.

In FIG. 3, according to a first variant, the front section of a floor 2, which differs from the floor 1 according to FIG. 1, is shown and the sleeve body 15, the ignition element 20, the partially shown, expandable element 40 with the shock-absorbing element 35 can be seen as well as the propellant charge 30. In this variant, the propellant charge 30 is separated from the interior 16 of the sleeve body 15 by a disk-like wall 55 with openings 56, 56 '. The organ 35, which is operatively connected to the element 40, is fastened to the wall 55 with the means 36 ″ not shown in detail.

4 shows, on a smaller scale, a projectile 3 according to a second variant and one recognizes the sleeve body 15, the ignition element 20, the deployable element 40 with the shock-absorbing element 35 and the base part 25 with the predetermined breaking point 28. Deviating from the projectile 1 according to FIG Fig. 1 is the floor 3 in this variant provided with an explosive charge 60 in addition to the propellant charge 30 'separated from the interior 16 by a separating element 31'.

5 shows a projectile 4 according to a third variant and one recognizes the sleeve body 15, the ignition element 20, the propellant charge 30, the partially shown, unfoldable element 40 ', 40 "and a schematically illustrated clamping part 41, 41' with a shock-absorbing element 35, 35 '. In this variant, the sleeve body 15 is provided on the inside 15' of the interior 16 with a circumferential, schematically illustrated predetermined breaking point 18 by means of which the sleeve body 15 can be separated into two identical sleeve parts 14, 14 ' Variant the element 40 ', 40 "by means of the schematically represented parts 35, 35' and 41, 41 'separately attached to the sleeve part 14 or 14' by means 36 ', 36". In FIG the predetermined breaking point 18 separable sleeve parts 14, 14 'shown in section along the line VI-VI in Fig.5.

The fourth variant of a projectile 5 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 essentially corresponds to the third variant described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. Deviating from the floor 4 according to FIGS. 5 and 6, a further predetermined breaking point 19 is provided on the floor 5 according to FIGS. 7 and 8, through which the sleeve body 15 is divided into four sleeve parts 12, 12 'and 13,13 'is separable. In this variant, the ignition element 20 and the base part 25 are separated from the sleeve body 15 at the predetermined breaking points 28, 28 ', the unfoldable element 140 being shown on the one hand by means of schematically illustrated, shock-absorbing elements 35 Sleeve parts 12, 12 ', 13, 13' and, on the other hand, are fastened to the ignition element 20 and to the base part 25. At this point it should be pointed out that, to simplify the illustration in FIG. 7, the predetermined breaking point 19 lying in the sectional plane is not shown.

The individual projectile 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 described above, for example, shot down by a gun, not shown, in the direction of an object to be combated. However, a rocket, a drone or an unmanned aircraft can also be used as a receiving and transport device for the deployable element.

On floors 1, 2, 3 and / or 5, after firing, ie before reaching the object to be combated by igniting the ignition device 20 and by the effect of the ignited propellant charge 30, the base part 25 is removed from the sleeve body 15 at the predetermined breaking point 28 separated and at the same time the deployable element is ejected or pulled out of the sleeve body 15. In the case of the projectile 4, the sleeve body 15 is separated into two symmetrical sections together with the base part and the ignition element 20.

• Gemäss Fig.9 findet zur Bekämpfung von gezielt abgeschossenen und mit 10 bezeichneten Objekten, wie zum Beispiel von abgeschossenen Raketen, Torpedos oder dergleichen, das Geschoss 1,2, oder 3 Anwendung, wobei gemäss Fig.10 zur Bekämpfung von Objekten 10' das Geschoss 4 gemäss Fig.5,6 Anwendung findet.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the ignited propellant charge 30 first causes explosion gases to escape through the openings 56, 56 'into the interior 16 and builds up an overpressure here, as a result of which the bottom part 25 (not shown) is separated from the sleeve body 15 and pulling the deployable element 40 out of the sleeve body 15 is achieved. Application example I:

• According to FIG. 9, the projectile 1, 2 or 3 is used to combat objects that have been specifically fired and labeled 10, such as, for example, missiles, torpedoes or the like, the projectile being used to combat objects 10 ′ 4 according to Fig. 5,6 applies.

FIG. 9 shows the projectile 1, 2 or 3 shot in the direction of arrow A and one can see the sleeve body 15, the organ 35 shown in a partially stretched state, the element 40, which is unfolded over a large area by air resistance and parachute-shaped, and the tension member 27 with the fastener attached to it Bottom part 25.

10 shows, in an oblique view from above, at a short distance above sea or sea level, the sleeve parts 14, 14 'of object 10' of the projectile 4 according to FIG. 10, not shown in FIG. 5, 6 and one recognizes the tennis net-like element 40 'which is fastened at the ends to the respective sleeve part 14, 14' essentially by means of the clamping part 41, 41 'and the shock-absorbing member 35, 35'. Due to the predetermined firing direction and the effect of the propellant charge 30, the two sleeve parts 14, 14 'are steered approximately in the direction indicated by arrows B, B', such that the element 40 'has a relatively large span, as in FIG. 10 in part shown, flying towards the object 10 '. The clamping part 41, 41 'arranged at the ends of the element 40' is designed for the correct, large-area deployment of the element 40 'and essentially comprises a relatively stiff one Bridge 37, 37 'oriented perpendicular to the water surface and ropes labeled 38, 38' and 39, 39 '. The element shown schematically in FIGS. 9 and 10 and designated 40.40 'consists, for example, of a network 42 formed by linking a large number of wires, ropes, threads or the like, which on the one hand has a low weight and on the other hand has a high tensile strength. In the application example I described above, the unfolded element 40, 40 'either totally intercepts or at least deflects the object 10, 10' from the targeted firing direction.

In order to clarify the tennis net-like element 40 ', which is shown partially spanned in FIG. 10, 42' denotes the lower edge facing the water surface and 42 "the upper edge of the element 40 'essentially facing the sky. Furthermore, it should be noted that at the inside of the part lying at the top in the drawing plane and the outside of the element 40 'can be seen at the part lying below in the drawing plane.

• Zum Bekämpfen von Kampf-Hubschraubern findet gemäss Fig.11 das Geschoss 4 gemäss Fig.5 und 6 mit speziell ausgebildetem Element 40" oder aber nach Fig.12 das Geschoss 3 gemäss Fig.4 mit dem Element 40 und der zusätzlichen Sprengladung 60 Anwendung. Fig.11 zeigt die in einer etwa schräg von oben betrachteten Ansicht dem Hubschrauber 11 entgegenfliegenden Hülsenteile 14,14' des an den Sollbruchstellen in dieser Phase bereits gesprengten Geschosses 4 gemäss Fig.5. Auch bei diesem Anwendungsbeispiel werden die beiden Hülsenteile 14,14' durch die Wirkung der Treibladung annähernd in die mit Pfeilen B,B' bezeichnete Richtung gelenkt, wodurch das in diesem Beispiel ziehharmonikaartig (leporelloartig) ausgebildete Element 40" grossflächig ausgebreitet wird. Das hierbei in der Luft in Pfeilrichtung A' dem Hubschrauber 11 entgegenschwebende, netzartige Element 40" wird dabei durch den mit C,C' bezeichneten Sog des mit 11' bezeichneten Rotors in Pfeilrichtung D angesogen und verfängt sich dadurch in den Rotorblättern und bewirkt den Absturz des Hubschraubers 11. Das Element 40" ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel mit Seilen 43,43' und dem stossdämpfenden Organ 35,35' an dem jeweiligen Hülsenkörper 14,14' in nicht näher dargestellter Weise befestigt. Das Element 40" besteht ebenfalls aus einem aus einer Vielzahl von Drähten, Seilen, Fäden oder dergleichen gebildeten Netzwerk 42.

Example II:

• To combat combat helicopters, the projectile 4 according to FIGS. 5 and 6 with a specially designed element 40 ″ or, according to FIG. 12, the projectile 3 according to FIG. 4 with the element 40 and the additional explosive charge 60 is used according to FIG. 11 shows the sleeve parts 14, 14 'of the projectile 4, already blown up at the predetermined breaking points in this phase, according to FIG. 5, in an approximately obliquely viewed view from above, the helicopter 11. Also in this application example, the two Sleeve parts 14, 14 'are steered approximately in the direction indicated by arrows B, B' by the action of the propellant charge, as a result of which the element 40 ", which is designed like an accordion (leporello-like) in this example, is spread out over a large area. This in the air in the direction of the arrow A ' Helicopter 11 floating against it, net-like element 40 "is sucked in by the suction denoted by C, C 'of the rotor denoted by 11' in the direction of arrow D and thereby gets caught in the rotor blades and causes the helicopter 11 to fall. The element 40" is in this embodiment with ropes 43, 43 'and the shock-absorbing member 35, 35' attached to the respective sleeve body 14, 14 'in a manner not shown in detail. The element 40 "also consists of a plurality of wires, ropes, threads or the like formed network 42.

FIG. 12 shows the projectile 3 according to FIG. 4 for combating combat helicopters 12 hovering behind a cover and one can see the element 40, ropes 43 ″ and the shock-absorbing element 35 in the area of the helicopter 12 braked by means of the parachute-like element Soil-set sleeve body 15. In this variant, the bottom part 25 (FIG. 4) is blown off the sleeve body 15 so that the element 40, as shown in FIG. 12, spans a large area in the area of the helicopter 12 and hovers in the air and only through the effect of the suction C, C 'caused by the rotor 12' is sucked in the direction of arrow D and wound up by the rotor 12 '. As soon as the sleeve body 15 hits hard on an element of the helicopter 12, the explosive charge 60 (in FIG. 12 not shown) for the explosion and there crashed by the helicopter 12.

• Gemäss Fig.13 findet zur Bekämpfung von hier nicht dargestellten, aus unterschiedlichen Richtungen abgeschossenen oder heranfliegenden Objekten das Geschoss 5 gemäss
• Fig.7 und 8 Anwendung.
• Fig.13 zeigt in einer schräg von oben betrachteten Ansicht das durch die Treibladung 30 an den vorgegebenen Sollbruchstellen 18,19,28 und 28' in mehrere Einzelteile zerlegte Geschoss 5 und man erkennt das als Zündorgan ausgebildete und in Abschussrichtung E fliegende Kopfstück 20, das nachgezogene Bodenteil 25, die durch die Wirkung der Treibladung 30 in Peilrichtung F,F' und G,G' bewegten Hülsenteile 12,12' und 13,13' sowie das aufgespannte Element 140.

Example III:

• According to FIG. 13, the projectile 5 according to FIG
• Fig. 7 and 8 application.
• Fig. 13 shows, in an oblique view from above, the projectile 5, which is broken down into several individual parts by the propellant charge 30 at the predetermined breaking points 18, 19, 28 and 28 ', and the head piece 20, which is designed as an ignition element and is flying in the firing direction E, can be seen trailed bottom part 25, the sleeve parts 12, 12 'and 13, 13' moved in the direction of bearing F, F 'and G, G' by the action of the propellant charge 30, and the clamped element 140.

• 83,83'; 85,85' mit den in verschiedenen Richtungen E, F,F' und G,G' bewegten Teilen 20,25,12,12' und 13,13' wirkverbunden.

The element 140, which is designed as an octahedron in this exemplary embodiment, essentially consists of three large, square net parts 50, 60 and 70, which are arranged approximately perpendicular to one another in the unfolded state (FIG. 13) and intersect in their diagonals, which are not described in any more detail, such that a total of eight pockets 55.55 '; 56.56 '; 57.57 'and 58.58' are formed. For clarification of the octahedron in Fig. 13 with 51,52,53 and 54 are the sides of one power supply 50, with 61,62,63 and 64 the sides of the other power supply 60 and with 71,72,73 and 74 the sides of the designated next power supply 70. Furthermore, the front pockets, which are fully or only partially visible in FIG. 13, are designated 55, 56, 57 and 58 and the rear pockets, which are covered by the corresponding power supply units, are designated 55 ', 56', 57 'and 58'. The power supplies 50, 60 and 70 are, as shown schematically in Fig. 13, with ropes 82, 82 '; 84.84 '; 86.86 'and shock-absorbing organs 81.81';

• 83.83 '; 85, 85 'is operatively connected to the parts 20, 25, 12, 12' and 13, 13 'moving in different directions E, F, F' and G, G '.

The organs 35, 35 '; 81.81 ', 83, 83' and 85.85 'can also be designed as spring elements, for example as a spiral spring element.

At this point, it should be pointed out that the ignition element 20 of the individual projectile 1 to 4 described above is preferably designed as a time fuse which, when approaching the object to be combated, brings about the respective function of the projectile. Furthermore, in the application example according to FIGS. 10 and 11, the spin-stabilized projectile is aligned with respect to the longitudinal axis X-X by means of sensors or the like (not shown) such that the sleeve parts 14, 14 ′ fly apart essentially horizontally.

Claims (8)

1. projectile with ejectable and unfoldable element for combating targeted shot and / or freely movable objects, characterized in that the projectile (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is caused by a to achieve an intercepting, changing direction and / or destructive collision Thrust is moved approximately in the direction of the object to be combated and the element (40, 40 ', 40 ", 140) is ejected from the sleeve body (15) at a certain distance from the object in such a way that the shock-absorbing members (35, 35'; 45 ; 81,81 ', 83,83', 85,85 ') with the sleeve body (15) or the individual sleeve body parts (14,14'; 12,12 ', 13,13', 20, 25) element in operative connection (40.40 ', 40 ", 140) is unfolded over a large area. 2. Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve body (15) can be separated into two sleeve parts (14, 14 ') and the ejected, shock-absorbing element (40'), which is operatively connected to each sleeve part, is designed like a tennis net. 3. Projectile according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the ejected, shock-absorbing element (40 "), which is separately connected to each sleeve part (14, 14 '), is designed to be accordion-like (leporello-like) deployable. 4. Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the ejected, shock-absorbing element (40) with the sleeve body (15) is in operative connection. designed to be parachute-like and an explosive charge (60) is arranged in the sleeve body (15). 5. Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve body (15) can be separated into a plurality of sleeve parts (12, 12 ', 13, 13', 20, 25) and the ejected, shock-absorbing element (140) which is in operative connection with the individual sleeve parts ) is designed to be deployable as an octahedron. 6. Projectile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the shock-absorbing member (15) which is in operative connection with the sleeve body (15) is designed as a spiral spring. 7. Projectile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the shock-absorbing member (15) which is operatively connected to the sleeve body (15) is a tension member (46), which tension member is releasable to one another in several, parallel to one another bonded layer package (47) is formed. 8. Projectile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the deployable element (40, 40 ', 40 ", 140) is designed as a two-dimensional meshwork.

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