EP0155607A1 - Heating assembly for the gasification of solid fuels - Google Patents

Heating assembly for the gasification of solid fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0155607A1
EP0155607A1 EP85102684A EP85102684A EP0155607A1 EP 0155607 A1 EP0155607 A1 EP 0155607A1 EP 85102684 A EP85102684 A EP 85102684A EP 85102684 A EP85102684 A EP 85102684A EP 0155607 A1 EP0155607 A1 EP 0155607A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
boiler
grate
boiler according
combustion chamber
gasification
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EP85102684A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0155607B1 (en
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Manfred Köpke
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solid gasification boiler with a filling shaft and a gasification chamber arranged above a grate, and to a method for operating such a solid gasification boiler.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a solid gasification boiler, which can be used for small businesses and households and with which heat can be generated directly, so that, for example in small industrial companies, agricultural companies, garden centers and households or the like. Not only the elimination of Waste can be carried out sensibly, but heating of the operating systems is also possible at the same time with the energies obtained.
  • coal, peat and other combustible materials can be processed and waste or other residues can be burned at the same time.
  • These different fuels can be gasified and burned at the same time and can be filled into the furnace unsorted.
  • the fuel gas obtained is of high combustion quality and, depending on the gasified substances, has little or no oil or tars in the exhaust gases.
  • the gasification of the different fuels and the subsequent burning of the resulting gas burns out the materials up to 99%. As a result, a particularly high level of energy is achieved.
  • ash is produced to an exceptionally small extent, which is an unmelted, sterile ash in a floury state. The ashes can immediately be fed from the furnace to a corresponding collection container.
  • Fig. 1 denotes a filling shaft of a solid gasification boiler.
  • a rotary valve or a double piston filler can be provided here.
  • a reaction or gasification chamber 2 At the bottom of this filling shaft is a reaction or gasification chamber 2, which is delimited at the bottom by a grate 3, which is shown in the drawing as a swivel grate.
  • a combustion chamber 4 is arranged below the swiveling grate 3 and is delimited at the bottom by an ash extraction 5.
  • a vibrating grate can also be used, which is driven by a vibrating motor drive.
  • a flame tube 6 Provided within the combustion chamber 4 is a flame tube 6, the gas inlet 7 of which is arranged eccentrically to the combustion chamber 4, so that the combustion gases escaping downward through the swiveling grate 3 are forced to enter the flame tube eccentrically, while doing so at a pipe socket 8 arranged support burner 9 must flow past, which is intended to ignite the gases to be burned in the flame tube 6.
  • the pipe socket 8 is closed to the outside by an explosion flap 10 with a draft limiter.
  • a blower which opens into the lower region of the combustion chamber 4 via air lines 12, leads into the swiveling grate 3 via a further air line 14 and mün into the upper region of the reaction chamber 2 via a third air line 15 det, below the filling shaft, and in these three areas for the supply of oxygen-rich fresh air.
  • a pressure compensation tube is shown, which leads from the filling shaft into the reaction chamber 2 and via a bypass line 16a into the combustion chamber 4.
  • An ignition burner 17 which is also arranged in a corresponding pipe socket 18, opens into the reaction chamber 2 above the swivel grate 3.
  • the swiveling grate 3 has a width which is greater than the clear width of the reaction space 2.
  • the swivel grate extends over the entire length of the boiler and has in the areas in which it lies below the projecting wall parts 19 and 20 of the reaction chamber 2, on the swivel grate plane upward protrusions 21, which prevent ungased fuel from the reaction chamber 2 can get into the combustion chamber 4.
  • the wall of the solid gasification boiler can accommodate a heat exchanger 22, for example the heat exchanger of a hot water heater.
  • the solid gasification boiler described above works in the combustion chamber 4 and in the flame tube 6 with a vacuum which extends to the filling shaft 1.
  • the negative pressure in the filling shaft 1 and in the reaction chamber 2 decreases and can come to zero, depending on how the pressure control system is switched on represents is.
  • the natural chimney draft or a built-in flue gas fan ensure the negative pressure in the solid gasification boiler. This negative pressure is guaranteed when the boiler is started up by a pressure control system, so that no excess pressure can arise due to excess gas production.
  • the pressure control system controls the air supply to the boiler. If there is a large amount of gas in the reaction chamber 2 and in the filling shaft 1, as a result of which the vacuum would decrease, the air supply is immediately reduced or completely closed. This can be done using a separate control system or by appropriately controlling the blower 11.
  • the pressure compensation tube 16 leading from the filling shaft 1 into the reaction chamber 2 or into the combustion chamber 4 can be arranged inside or outside the boiler and ensures a constant pressure inside the boiler.
  • the flame tube 6 is, as already described, arranged so that the gas inlet 7 has the effect that the gases emerging downwards through the swiveling grate 3 must pass through a further path to the outlet and are thus guided past the support burner 9. As a result, the gases are burned in the combustion chamber 4 and completely burned out in the flame tube 6.
  • a heat exchanger can also be connected, so that the burnt-out gases in the flame tube 6, which can have a temperature between 500 and 800 ° C, ge in the heat exchanger can be cooled and then discharged through the chimney with a low exhaust gas temperature of approx. 100 °.
  • the flame tube 6 itself is made of a heat-resistant material, for example stainless steel or a quartz melt, this material becoming red-hot and thus ensuring better combustion in the flame tube 6 and in the combustion chamber 4.
  • the shape of the flame tube 6 is irrelevant.
  • the arrangement of an explosion valve 10 with draft limiter has the task that in the event of deflagrations within the boiler, these can be compensated for immediately.
  • the draft limiter closes as soon as the blower 11 is in operation. If the blower 11 turns off or the air supply is completely or partially closed, the draft limiter 10 comes into operation and regulates the draft in the combustion tube, so that the solid gasification boiler in the reaction chamber 2 and in the combustion chamber 4 does not cool down.
  • the swivel grate 3 is driven with a thrust safety device, which has the task of absorbing the force of the motor when materials in the reaction space 2 jam or tilt, so that the swivel grate 3 cannot move freely.
  • the fuel materials prepared in this way are filled into the filling shaft 1.
  • these substances are ignited via the swiveling grate 3 and heated up to 1000 ° C., as a result of which gasification occurs and a fuel gas is produced which is of high fuel gas quality and burned depending on the type Residues have no or only little occurrence of oils and tars.
  • This fuel gas is sucked down by a negative pressure in the lower combustion chamber 4, ignited via the pilot burner 17 and then burned further in the combustion chamber 4 and in the flame tube 6.
  • the burned-out exhaust gases have a temperature of between 500 and 800 ° C and can then be passed through a heat exchanger to obtain the residual energy and can be removed through the chimney, with an exhaust gas temperature in the chimney of approximately 100 ° C then.
  • the solids can also be mixed with flammable liquids, with the boilers according to the invention e.g. the problem-free burning of waste oil is possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Control Of The Air-Fuel Ratio Of Carburetors (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

Solid material gasification heating boiler, comprising a filling chamber (1) and a gasification chamber (2) arranged above a grid (3), and under the grid delimiting downardly the gasification and/or reaction chamber there is provided a combustion chamber (4) having a flame tube. A process for operating a solid material gasification heating boiler is also disclosed, such a boiler being vacuum operated so that the pressure is lower in the bottom area of the combustion chamber than in the top area of the heating boiler, i.e. of the reaction chamber or the filling chamber.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel mit einem Füllschacht und einem oberhalb eines Rostes angeordneten Vergasungsraum sowie auf ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Feststoffvergasungsheizkessels.The invention relates to a solid gasification boiler with a filling shaft and a gasification chamber arranged above a grate, and to a method for operating such a solid gasification boiler.

Es ist bekannt, brennbare Abfälle in einem Verbrennungsofen zu trocknen und zu entgasen und die bei der Vergasung der Abfälle entstehenden Brenngase aus dem Ofen abzuziehen und über eine Reinigungsanlage zu reinigen und dann einer Verbrennung zuzuführen.It is known to dry and degas combustible waste in an incinerator and to draw off the fuel gases resulting from the gasification of the waste from the furnace and to clean them via a cleaning system and then to incinerate them.

Solche großtechnischen Anlagen haben den Nachteil, daß sie nur für großtechnische Industriebetriebe oder Abfallverwertungsanlagen sinnvoll sind.Such large-scale plants have the disadvantage that they are only useful for large-scale industrial companies or waste recycling plants.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel zu schaffen, der für Kleinbetriebe und Haushaltungen einsetzbar ist und mit dem unmittelbar Wärme erzeugt werden kann, so daß beispielsweise in kleinen Industriebetrieben, landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmungen, Gärtnereien und Haushaltungen od. dgl. nicht nur die Beseitigung des Abfalls sinnvoll durchgeführt werden kann, sondern gleichzeitig mit den gewonnenen Energien auch eine Beheizung der Betriebsanlagen möglich ist.The invention has for its object to provide a solid gasification boiler, which can be used for small businesses and households and with which heat can be generated directly, so that, for example in small industrial companies, agricultural companies, garden centers and households or the like. Not only the elimination of Waste can be carried out sensibly, but heating of the operating systems is also possible at the same time with the energies obtained.

Diese der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Hauptanspruches gelöst.This object on which the invention is based is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of the main claim.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen erläutert.Advantageous configurations are explained in the subclaims.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel können Kohle, Torf und sonstige brennbare Stoffe verarbeitet werden und gleichzeitig Müll oder sonstige Reststoffe verbrannt werden. Diese unterschiedlichen Heizstoffe können gleichzeitig vergast und verbrannt werden und können unsortiert in den Ofen eingefüllt werden. Das gewonnene Brenngas ist von hoher Brennqualität und hat je nach vergasten Stoffen keinen oder nur einen geringen Anfall von ölen oder Teeren in den Abgasen. Durch die Vergasung der unterschiedlichen Brennstoffe und das darauf folgende Verbrennen des entstandenen Gases erfolgt ein Ausbrand der Werkstoffe bis zu 99 %. Hierdurch wird eine besonders hohe Energiegewinnung erreicht. Außerdem fällt nur in außergewöhnlich geringem Maße Asche an, wobei es sich um eine ungeschmolzene sterile Asche in mehligem Zustand handelt. Die Asche kann aus dem Ofen sofort einem entsprechenden Sammelbehälter zugeführt werden.With the solid gasification boiler according to the invention, coal, peat and other combustible materials can be processed and waste or other residues can be burned at the same time. These different fuels can be gasified and burned at the same time and can be filled into the furnace unsorted. The fuel gas obtained is of high combustion quality and, depending on the gasified substances, has little or no oil or tars in the exhaust gases. The gasification of the different fuels and the subsequent burning of the resulting gas burns out the materials up to 99%. As a result, a particularly high level of energy is achieved. In addition, ash is produced to an exceptionally small extent, which is an unmelted, sterile ash in a floury state. The ashes can immediately be fed from the furnace to a corresponding collection container.

Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen erläutert. Die Zeichnungen zeigen dabei in

  • Fig. 1 schematisch den erfindungsgemäßen Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel, in
  • Fig. 2 eine Schnittzeichnung durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Kessel und in
  • Fig.3 eine Schnittzeichnung in Längsachse des Flammrohres gesehen.
Further advantageous features of the device according to the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. The drawings show in
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the solid gasification boiler according to the invention, in
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional drawing through a boiler according to the invention and in
  • 3 shows a sectional drawing in the longitudinal axis of the flame tube.

In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 ein Füllschacht eines Feststoffvergasungsheizkessels bezeichnet. Hier kann eine Zellenradschleuse oder ein Doppelkolbenfüller vorgesehen werden. An diesen Füllschacht schließt sich nach unten ein Reaktions- bzw. Vergasungsraum 2 an, der durch einen Rost 3 nach unten hin begrenzt ist, der in der Zeichnung als Schwenkrost dargestellt ist. Unterhalb des Schwenkrostes 3 ist eine Brennkammer 4 angeordnet, die nach unten hin durch einen Ascheabzug 5 abgegrenzt ist. Anstelle des Schwenkrostes 3 kann auch ein Schwingrost eingesetzt werden, der durch einen Schwingmotorantrieb angetrieben wird.In Fig. 1, 1 denotes a filling shaft of a solid gasification boiler. A rotary valve or a double piston filler can be provided here. At the bottom of this filling shaft is a reaction or gasification chamber 2, which is delimited at the bottom by a grate 3, which is shown in the drawing as a swivel grate. A combustion chamber 4 is arranged below the swiveling grate 3 and is delimited at the bottom by an ash extraction 5. Instead of the pivoting grate 3, a vibrating grate can also be used, which is driven by a vibrating motor drive.

Innerhalb der Brennkammer 4 ist ein Flammrohr 6 vorgesehen, dessen Gaseintritt 7 außermittig zur Brennkammer 4 angeordnet ist, so daß die durch den Schwenkrost 3 nach unten hin austretenden Brenngase gezwungen sind, außermittig in das Flammrohr einzutreten, wobei sie dabei an einem innerhalb eines Rohrstutzens 8 angeordneten Stützbrenner 9 vorbeifließen müssen, der zur Zündung der im Flammrohr 6 zu verbrennenden Gase bestimmt ist.Provided within the combustion chamber 4 is a flame tube 6, the gas inlet 7 of which is arranged eccentrically to the combustion chamber 4, so that the combustion gases escaping downward through the swiveling grate 3 are forced to enter the flame tube eccentrically, while doing so at a pipe socket 8 arranged support burner 9 must flow past, which is intended to ignite the gases to be burned in the flame tube 6.

Der Rohrstutzen 8 wird nach außen hin durch eine Explosionsklappe 10 mit Zugbegrenzer abgeschlossen.The pipe socket 8 is closed to the outside by an explosion flap 10 with a draft limiter.

Bei 11 ist ein Gebläse dargestellt, das über Luftleitungen 12 in den unteren Bereich der Brennkammer 4 mündet, über eine weitere Luftleitung 14 in den Schwenkrost 3 führt und über eine dritte Luftleitung 15 in den oberen Bereich des Reaktionsraumes 2 mündet, und zwar unterhalb des Füllschachtes, und an diesen drei Bereichen zur Zuführung von sauerstoffreicher Frischluft sorgt.At 11, a blower is shown which opens into the lower region of the combustion chamber 4 via air lines 12, leads into the swiveling grate 3 via a further air line 14 and mün into the upper region of the reaction chamber 2 via a third air line 15 det, below the filling shaft, and in these three areas for the supply of oxygen-rich fresh air.

Bei 16 ist ein Druckausgleichsrohr dargestellt, das aus dem Füllschacht bis in den Reaktionsraum 2 führt und über eine By-passleitung 16a in die Brennkammer 4.At 16, a pressure compensation tube is shown, which leads from the filling shaft into the reaction chamber 2 and via a bypass line 16a into the combustion chamber 4.

Oberhalb des Schwenkrostes 3 mündet in den Reaktionsraum 2 ein Zündbrenner 17, der ebenfalls in einem entsprechenden Rohrstutzen 18 angeordnet ist.An ignition burner 17, which is also arranged in a corresponding pipe socket 18, opens into the reaction chamber 2 above the swivel grate 3.

Aus der Darstellung in Fig. 3 ist erkennbar, daß der Schwenkrost 3 eine Breite aufweist, die größer als die lichte Breite des Reaktionsraumes 2 ist. Hierbei reicht der Schwenkrost über die ganze Länge des Heizkessels und besitzt in den Bereichen, in dem er unterhalb der vorkragenden Wandteile 19 und 20 des Reaktionsraumes 2 liegt, über die Schwenkrostebene nach oben vorstehende Aufkantungen 21 auf, die verhindern, daß unvergastes Brenngut aus der Reaktionskammer 2 in den Brennraum 4 gelangen kann.It can be seen from the illustration in FIG. 3 that the swiveling grate 3 has a width which is greater than the clear width of the reaction space 2. Here, the swivel grate extends over the entire length of the boiler and has in the areas in which it lies below the projecting wall parts 19 and 20 of the reaction chamber 2, on the swivel grate plane upward protrusions 21, which prevent ungased fuel from the reaction chamber 2 can get into the combustion chamber 4.

Die Wandung des Feststoffvergasungsheizkessels kann einen Wärmetauscher 22 aufnehmen, beispielsweise den Wärmetauscher einer Warmwasserheizung.The wall of the solid gasification boiler can accommodate a heat exchanger 22, for example the heat exchanger of a hot water heater.

Der vorbeschriebene Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel arbeitet in der Brennkammer 4 und im Flammrohr 6 mit einem Unterdruck, der bis zum Füllschacht 1 reicht. Je nach der Art der vergasten Feststoff und je nach Gasentwicklung nimmt der Unterdruck im Füllschacht 1 und im Reaktionsraum 2 ab und kann bis zum Nullpunkt kommen, je nachdem wie die Druckregelanlage eingestellt ist.The solid gasification boiler described above works in the combustion chamber 4 and in the flame tube 6 with a vacuum which extends to the filling shaft 1. Depending on the type of gasified solid and depending on the evolution of gas, the negative pressure in the filling shaft 1 and in the reaction chamber 2 decreases and can come to zero, depending on how the pressure control system is switched on represents is.

Der natürliche Kaminzug oder ein eingebauter, in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellter Rauchgasventilator sorgen für den Unterdruck im Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel. Dieser Unterdruck wird bei Inbetriebnahme des Kessels durch eine Druckregelanlage gewährleistet, so daß kein überdruck durch zuviel produziertes Gas entstehen kann. Die Druckregelanlage steuert die Luftzufuhr zum Heizkessel. Entsteht ein größerer Gasanfall im Reaktionsraum 2 und im Füllschacht 1, wodurch der Unterdruck abnehmen würde, wird die Luftzufuhr sofort gemindert oder ganz geschlossen. Dies kann über eine gesonderte Regelanlage erfolgen oder durch entsprechende Steuerung des Gebläses 11.The natural chimney draft or a built-in flue gas fan (not shown in the drawing) ensure the negative pressure in the solid gasification boiler. This negative pressure is guaranteed when the boiler is started up by a pressure control system, so that no excess pressure can arise due to excess gas production. The pressure control system controls the air supply to the boiler. If there is a large amount of gas in the reaction chamber 2 and in the filling shaft 1, as a result of which the vacuum would decrease, the air supply is immediately reduced or completely closed. This can be done using a separate control system or by appropriately controlling the blower 11.

Das vom Füllschacht 1 in den Reaktionsraum 2 bzw. in die Brennkammer 4 führende Druckausgleichsrohr 16 kann innerhalb oder außerhalb des Kessels angeordnet sein und sorgt für einen stets gleichbleibenden Druck innerhalb des Kessels.The pressure compensation tube 16 leading from the filling shaft 1 into the reaction chamber 2 or into the combustion chamber 4 can be arranged inside or outside the boiler and ensures a constant pressure inside the boiler.

Das Flammrohr 6 ist, wie bereits vorbeschrieben, so angeordnet, daß der Gaseintritt 7 bewirkt, daß die nach unten durch den Schwenkrost 3 austretenden Gase einen weiteren Weg zum Auslaß durchlaufen müssen und somit an dem Stützbrenner 9 vorbeigeführt werden. Hierdurch werden die Gase im Brennraum 4 verbrannt und im Flammrohr 6 restlos ausgebrannt.The flame tube 6 is, as already described, arranged so that the gas inlet 7 has the effect that the gases emerging downwards through the swiveling grate 3 must pass through a further path to the outlet and are thus guided past the support burner 9. As a result, the gases are burned in the combustion chamber 4 and completely burned out in the flame tube 6.

An das Flammrohr 6 kann sich zusätzlich ein Wärmetauscher anschließen, so daß die im Flammrohr 6 ausgebrannten Gase, die eine Temperatur zwischen 500 und 800° C aufweisen können, im Wärmetauscher gekühlt werden können und dann mit einer niedrigen Abgastemperatur von ca. 100° durch den Kamin abgeführt werden.At the flame tube 6, a heat exchanger can also be connected, so that the burnt-out gases in the flame tube 6, which can have a temperature between 500 and 800 ° C, ge in the heat exchanger can be cooled and then discharged through the chimney with a low exhaust gas temperature of approx. 100 °.

Das Flammrohr 6 selbst ist aus einem hitzebeständigen Werkstoff, beispielsweise Edelstahl oder einer Quarzschmelze, wobei dieser Werkstoff rotglühend wird und somit für eine bessere Verbrennung im Flammrohr 6 und in der Brennkammer 4 sorgt. Die Form des Flammrohres 6 ist unerheblich. Die Anordnung einer Explosionsklappe 10 mit Zugbegrenzer hat die Aufgabe, daß bei Verpuffungen innerhalb des Kessels, diese sofort ausgeglichen werden können. Der Zugbegrenzer schließt sich, sobald das Gebläse 11 in Betrieb ist. Wenn sich das Gebläse 11 ausstellt oder die Luftzufuhr ganz oder teilweise geschlossen ist, tritt der Zugbegrenzer 10 in Betrieb und regelt den Luftzug im Brennrohr, so daß der Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel im Reaktionsraum 2 und in der Brennkammer 4 nicht auskühlt.The flame tube 6 itself is made of a heat-resistant material, for example stainless steel or a quartz melt, this material becoming red-hot and thus ensuring better combustion in the flame tube 6 and in the combustion chamber 4. The shape of the flame tube 6 is irrelevant. The arrangement of an explosion valve 10 with draft limiter has the task that in the event of deflagrations within the boiler, these can be compensated for immediately. The draft limiter closes as soon as the blower 11 is in operation. If the blower 11 turns off or the air supply is completely or partially closed, the draft limiter 10 comes into operation and regulates the draft in the combustion tube, so that the solid gasification boiler in the reaction chamber 2 and in the combustion chamber 4 does not cool down.

Der Antrieb des Schwenkrostes 3 erfolgt mit einer Schubsicherung, die die Aufgabe hat, die Kraft des Motors aufzufangen, wenn Materialien im Reaktionsraum 2 sich verklemmen oder verkanten, so daß sich der Schwenkrost 3 nicht frei bewegen kann.The swivel grate 3 is driven with a thrust safety device, which has the task of absorbing the force of the motor when materials in the reaction space 2 jam or tilt, so that the swivel grate 3 cannot move freely.

Der Betrieb des Feststoffvergasungsheizkessels ist wie folgt:

  • Der Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel kann mit Reststoffen aller Art, wie Holz, Papier, Gummi, Leder, Kunststoffe usw., aber auch mit Steinkohle, Braunkohle und Torf betrieben werden. Der Einfüllung der Brennmaterialien in den Füllschacht 1 ist vorzugs-
weise eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung vorgeschaltet, beispielsweise ein Rotationsschneidbrecher.The solid gasification boiler operates as follows:
  • The solid gasification boiler can be operated with all kinds of residues such as wood, paper, rubber, leather, plastics etc., but also with hard coal, lignite and peat. The filling of the fuel in the filling shaft 1 is preferred
as a shredding device upstream, for example a rotary cutter.

Die Einfüllung der so vorbereiteten Brennmaterialien erfolgt in den Füllschacht 1. Im Reaktionsraum 2 werden diese Stoffe über den Schwenkrost 3 gezündet und bis zu 1000° C beheizt, wodurch die Vergasung entsteht und sich ein Brenngas entwickelt, welches von hoher Brenngasqualität ist und je nach verbrannten Reststoffen kein oder nur kaum Anfall von Ulen und Teeren hat. Dieses Brenngas wird durch einen Unterdruck in der unteren Brennkammer 4 nach unten gesaugt, über den Zündbrenner 17 gezündet und dann in der Brennkammer 4 und im Flammrohr 6 weiter verbrannt.The fuel materials prepared in this way are filled into the filling shaft 1. In the reaction chamber 2, these substances are ignited via the swiveling grate 3 and heated up to 1000 ° C., as a result of which gasification occurs and a fuel gas is produced which is of high fuel gas quality and burned depending on the type Residues have no or only little occurrence of oils and tars. This fuel gas is sucked down by a negative pressure in the lower combustion chamber 4, ignited via the pilot burner 17 and then burned further in the combustion chamber 4 and in the flame tube 6.

Die ausgebrannten Abgase weisen eine Temperatur zwischen 500 und 800° C auf und können dann durch einen Wärmetauscher zur Gewinnung der Restenergie geführt und durch den Kamin abgeführt werden, wobei dann eine Abgastemperatur im Kamin von etwa 100° C herrscht.The burned-out exhaust gases have a temperature of between 500 and 800 ° C and can then be passed through a heat exchanger to obtain the residual energy and can be removed through the chimney, with an exhaust gas temperature in the chimney of approximately 100 ° C then.

Grundsätzlich sei darauf hingewiesen, daß die Feststoffe auch mit brennbaren Flüssigkeiten versetzt werden können, wobei mit den erfindungsgemäßen Kesseln z.B. das problemlose Verbrennen von Altöl möglich ist.Basically, it should be noted that the solids can also be mixed with flammable liquids, with the boilers according to the invention e.g. the problem-free burning of waste oil is possible.

Claims (19)

1. Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel mit einem Füllschacht und einem oberhalb eines Rostes angeordneten Vergasungsraum, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unterhalb des den Vergasungs- oder Reaktionsraum (2) nach unten begrenzenden Rostes (3) eine Brennkammer (4) angeordnet ist, die mit einem Flammrohr (6) ausgerüstet ist.1. Solid gasification boiler with a filling shaft and a gasification chamber arranged above a grate, characterized in that a combustion chamber (4) is arranged below the grate (3) which delimits the gasification or reaction chamber (2) downwards and which is provided with a flame tube (6). is equipped. 2. Heizkessel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flammrohr (6) mit einem Stützbrenner (9) ausgerüstet ist, der innerhalb eines Rohrstutzens (8) liegt, der zur Außenseite hin mit einer Explosionsklappe (10) mit Zugbegrenzer ausgerüstet ist.2. Boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the flame tube (6) is equipped with a support burner (9) which lies within a pipe socket (8) which is equipped with an explosion flap (10) with a draft limiter on the outside. 3. Heizkessel nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der den Reaktionsraum (2) von der Brennkammer (4) trennende Rost (3) als Schwenkrost ausgebildet ist.3. Boiler according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the reaction chamber (2) from the combustion chamber (4) separating grate (3) is designed as a swivel grate. 4. Heizkessel nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rost (3) als Schwingrost mit Schwingmotorantrieb ausgebildet ist.4. Boiler according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the grate (3) is designed as a vibrating grate with a vibratory motor drive. 5. Heizkessel nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine Sauerstoffzufuhr über ein außerhalb des Heizkessels angeordnetes Gebläse (11), das Luftleitungen (12, 14, 15) beschickt, die im unteren Bereich unterhalb des Flammrohres (6) der Brennkammer (4) in das Innere des mit Luftaustrittsöffnungen versehenen Schwenkrostes (3) und in den oberen Bereich des Reaktionsraumes (2) münden.5. Boiler according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by an oxygen supply via a blower (11) arranged outside the boiler, which feeds air lines (12, 14, 15) which in the lower region below the flame tube (6) the combustion chamber (4) open into the interior of the swivel grate (3) provided with air outlet openings and into the upper area of the reaction chamber (2). 6. Heizkessel nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rost (3) über die ganze Länge des Heizkessels reicht und eine Breite aufweist, die größer als die lichte Breite des Reaktionsraumes (2) ist (Fig. 3).6. Boiler according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grate (3) extends over the entire length of the boiler and has a width which is greater than the clear width of the reaction space (2) (Fig. 3). 7. Heizkessel nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rost (3) in dem Bereich, in dem er unterhalb der vorkragenden Wandteile (19, 20) des Reaktionsraumes (2) liegt, über die Rostebene nach oben hochkragende Aufkantungen (21) aufweisen.7. Boiler according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grate (3) in the area in which it lies below the projecting wall parts (19, 20) of the reaction chamber (2), upward cantilevered upstands over the grate plane (21). 8. Heizkessel nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rost (3) Durchlässe für den Aschedurchfall und den Gasdurchfluß aufweist.8. Boiler according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grate (3) has passages for ash diarrhea and the gas flow. 9. Heizkessel nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gaseintritt (7) in das Flammrohr (6) außermittig zum Brennraum (4) im Bereich der Wandung des Heizkessels angeordnet ist, in der der Stützbrenner (9) vorgesehen ist.9. Boiler according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas inlet (7) in the flame tube (6) is arranged eccentrically to the combustion chamber (4) in the region of the wall of the boiler in which the auxiliary burner (9) is provided . 10. Heizkessel nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flammrohr (6) aus einem hitzebeständigen, bei Verbrennung der Gase rotglühend werdenden Werkstoff besteht.10. Boiler according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame tube (6) from a heat resistant material that becomes red-hot when the gases are burned. 11. Heizkessel wenigstens nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die motorische Antriebsvorrichtung für den Schwenkrost (3) mit einer Schubsicherung ausgerüstet ist.11. Boiler at least according to claim 3, characterized in that the motor drive device for the swivel grate (3) is equipped with a thrust protection. 12. Heizkessel nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch ein Druckausgleichsrohr (16) zur Verbindung des Füllschachtes (1), d.h. also des obersten Teiles des Heizkessels, mit dem unteren Bereich des Reaktionsraumes (2).12. Boiler according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a pressure compensation pipe (16) for connecting the filling shaft (1), i.e. So the top part of the boiler, with the lower area of the reaction chamber (2). 13. Heizkessel nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Druckausgleichsrohr (16) eine By-passleitung (16a) zur Verbindung zum Brennraum (4) aufweist.13. A boiler according to claim 12, characterized in that the pressure compensation tube (16) has a by-pass line (16a) for connection to the combustion chamber (4). 14. Heizkessel nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandung des Heizkessels durch einen Wärmetauscher (22) gebildet ist.14. A boiler according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall of the boiler is formed by a heat exchanger (22). 15. Heizkessel nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rauchgasleitung in einen nachgeschalteten Wärmetauscher geleitet wird.15. Boiler according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flue gas line is passed into a downstream heat exchanger. 16. Heizkessel nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Füllvorrichtung als Zellenradschleuse oder als Doppelkolbenfüller ausgebildet ist.16. Boiler according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling device is designed as a rotary valve or as a double piston filler. 17. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Feststoffvergasungsheizkessels mit einem durch einen Rost von einer Brennkammer getrennten Reaktionsraum, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel derart mit Unterdruck betrieben wird, daß im unteren Bereich der Brennkammer ein niedrigerer Druck als im oberen Bereich des Heizkessels, d.h. der Reaktionskammer oder des Füllschachtes herrscht.17. A method of operating a solid gasification boiler with a reaction chamber separated by a grate from a combustion chamber, characterized in that the solid gasification boiler is operated with negative pressure such that a lower pressure in the lower region of the combustion chamber than in the upper region of the boiler, i.e. the reaction chamber or the filling shaft. 18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Unterdruck im Feststoffvergasungsheizkessel durch den Kaminzug erreicht wird.18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the negative pressure in the solid gasification boiler is achieved by the chimney draft. 19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Unterdruck im Feststoffvergasungskessel durch einen eingebauten Rauchgasventilator erzeugt wird.19. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the negative pressure in the solid gasification boiler is generated by a built-in flue gas fan.
EP85102684A 1984-03-14 1985-03-08 Heating assembly for the gasification of solid fuels Expired EP0155607B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85102684T ATE29574T1 (en) 1984-03-14 1985-03-08 SOLID GASIFICATION BOILER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3409292 1984-03-14
DE3409292A DE3409292C2 (en) 1984-03-14 1984-03-14 Solid gasification boiler

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EP0155607A1 true EP0155607A1 (en) 1985-09-25
EP0155607B1 EP0155607B1 (en) 1987-09-09

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EP (1) EP0155607B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE29574T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3409292C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1985004236A1 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3933576C1 (en) * 1989-10-07 1991-02-28 Egon 5060 Bergisch Gladbach De Piski Extruding industrial sludge into pellets - increasing dry material content to over 70 per-cent, expelling water
EP0588075A1 (en) * 1992-09-10 1994-03-23 Hugo Petersen Ges. für verfahrenstechn. Anlagenbau mbH & Co KG Combustion process and furnace for burning waste
FR2721689A1 (en) * 1994-06-23 1995-12-29 Envirotec Group Ltd Solid waste incineration procedure
WO1996000366A1 (en) * 1994-06-23 1996-01-04 Envirotec Group Limited Method and incinerator for incinerating hospital waste and the like
EP0703408A2 (en) 1994-09-26 1996-03-27 Manfred Köpke Process and apparatus for gasification of solid substances
DE29707032U1 (en) * 1997-04-18 1997-06-05 KÖB & Schäfer KG, Wolfurt Combustion plant
DE102010044550B4 (en) * 2010-09-07 2016-09-01 Brita Kohlfuerst-Millard Distributor for a dispensing system

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DE3705406A1 (en) * 1987-02-20 1988-09-08 Manfred Koepke Solids gasification heating furnace
DE3718022C1 (en) * 1987-05-27 1988-11-10 Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Boiler burning solid matter
DE3737661A1 (en) * 1987-11-06 1989-05-24 Karl Ackermann Heating boiler with forced combustion-air supply
DE3900977A1 (en) * 1989-01-14 1990-07-19 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Method for burning fuels and burning installation for carrying out this method
DE3924626A1 (en) * 1989-07-26 1991-01-31 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh GASIFICATION REACTOR FOR COMBUSTIBLE SOLIDS
DE4344569C2 (en) * 1993-12-24 1996-07-04 Ver Verwertung Und Entsorgung Method and device for fuel gas production
DE4435906C5 (en) * 1994-09-26 2005-09-08 Köpke, Manfred Process and apparatus for gasifying solids
WO1997001617A1 (en) * 1995-06-27 1997-01-16 Ver Verwertung Und Entsorgung Von Reststoffen Gmbh Process and apparatus for producing fuel gas
RU2545199C1 (en) * 2014-01-29 2015-03-27 Андрей Иванович Мещанкин Gasifier of solid domestic waste and solid fuel

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US4306506A (en) * 1980-06-02 1981-12-22 Energy Recovery Research Group, Inc. Gasification apparatus
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3933576C1 (en) * 1989-10-07 1991-02-28 Egon 5060 Bergisch Gladbach De Piski Extruding industrial sludge into pellets - increasing dry material content to over 70 per-cent, expelling water
EP0588075A1 (en) * 1992-09-10 1994-03-23 Hugo Petersen Ges. für verfahrenstechn. Anlagenbau mbH & Co KG Combustion process and furnace for burning waste
FR2721689A1 (en) * 1994-06-23 1995-12-29 Envirotec Group Ltd Solid waste incineration procedure
WO1996000366A1 (en) * 1994-06-23 1996-01-04 Envirotec Group Limited Method and incinerator for incinerating hospital waste and the like
EP0703408A2 (en) 1994-09-26 1996-03-27 Manfred Köpke Process and apparatus for gasification of solid substances
EP0703408A3 (en) * 1994-09-26 1997-01-15 Manfred Koepke Process and apparatus for gasification of solid substances
DE29707032U1 (en) * 1997-04-18 1997-06-05 KÖB & Schäfer KG, Wolfurt Combustion plant
DE102010044550B4 (en) * 2010-09-07 2016-09-01 Brita Kohlfuerst-Millard Distributor for a dispensing system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE29574T1 (en) 1987-09-15
DE3409292A1 (en) 1985-09-26
DE3409292C2 (en) 1986-07-31
DE3560603D1 (en) 1987-10-15
WO1985004236A1 (en) 1985-09-26
EP0155607B1 (en) 1987-09-09

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