EP0142933A1 - Manual ratchet torque wrench with amplifier - Google Patents

Manual ratchet torque wrench with amplifier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0142933A1
EP0142933A1 EP84306983A EP84306983A EP0142933A1 EP 0142933 A1 EP0142933 A1 EP 0142933A1 EP 84306983 A EP84306983 A EP 84306983A EP 84306983 A EP84306983 A EP 84306983A EP 0142933 A1 EP0142933 A1 EP 0142933A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
piston
wrench
reservoir
cylinder bore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84306983A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
John K. Junkers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0142933A1 publication Critical patent/EP0142933A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B25B21/004—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose of the ratchet type
    • B25B21/005—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose of the ratchet type driven by a radially acting hydraulic or pneumatic piston
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/46—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/46—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle
    • B25B13/461—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member
    • B25B13/467—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member which are gear-operated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a manual torque wrench and-more particularly to a manual torque wrench which can be advantageously used for tightening as well as for loosening threaded connectors, such as nuts mounted on bolts or studs.
  • manual torque wrenches are used for precision tightening only and although they can be adjusted for clockwise and counter-clockwise ratcheting rotation, they are not meant for loosening applications, especially when those applications require a break- out torque in excess of the force achievable as the result of the leverage moment which in the art is determined by the length of the torque wrench.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a precision manual torque wrench which torque output is determined by the leverage length of the torque wrench and which is used for precision tightening of threaded connectors; and simultaneously a power wrench whose force output is a result of manual amplifier means and determined by the ratio of such means and which is used to loosen heavily corroded threaded connectors.
  • the need for such a tool becomes obvious, especially on high pressure flange connections that develop a leak.
  • To get the flange back in line requires first loosening of all fasteners usually at a considerably higher torque than is required to precision retighten them immediately thereafter.
  • To accomplish this task which up to now required the use of two different tools, with one single tool, is one of the aims of this invention.
  • the housing of the wrench may comprise a first elongate housing portion extending along a first axis and a second housing portion extending transverse thereto on which the ratchet means is located.
  • the manually operated amplifier means may comprise a first cylinder bore formed in the first housing portion extending along the first axis and having an open end facing the second housing portion, piston means fluid tightly guided in the first cylinder bore for movement between a forward stroke toward the open end and a return stroke, the piston means having a rear face of a given area facing the other end of the first cylinder bore and forming therewith a pressure chamber, means including a drive pawl connected to the piston means distant from said rearface for turning the ratchet means in the one direction during the forward stroke of the piston means, and manually operated pumping means for pumping a hydraulic fluid into the pressure chamber for moving the piston means along its forward stroke.
  • the manually operated amplifier means preferably further includes a reservoir for a hydraulic fluid incorporated in the first housing portion, the manually operated pumping means then being arranged for pumping fluid from the reservoir into the pressure chamber.
  • the manually operated pumping means may comprise a second cylinder bore located in the first housing portion between the other end of the cylinder and the reservoir, and a pumping piston with an area smaller than the given area of aforementioned piston means to amplify the manual input force by the ratio between the two areas and increase the output torque on the ratchet means accordingly.
  • the pumping piston can then be reciprocat- ably mounted in the second cylinder bore and may be operated by an elongate handle attached to the housing.
  • This arrangement may also include a return flow passage leading from the pressure chamber to the reservoir and manually operatable valve means in the return flow passage for opening and closing the latter.
  • the wrench includes a housing generally designated 50 which comprises an elongate first housing portion 51 and a second housing portion 52 extending transverse thereto.
  • the second housing portion 52 actually comprises two transversely spaced side plates; only one of which is shown in Figure 1, which are connected by welding or the like to one end of the first housing portion 51.
  • a shaft 53 is turnably mounted in appropriate aligned bores of the two side plates forming the second housing portion 52 and this shaft extends with a square end portion 54 beyond one of the two side plates.
  • a standard nut-engaging socket may be connected to the square end portion of the shaft 53 for engagement with a nut or the like polygonal -member of a threaded connector (not shown) to be turned by the wrench.
  • a ratchet wheel 55 is centrally mounted on the shaft 53 for rotation therewith by being, for instance, connected by a key 56 thereto.
  • the first housing portion 51 is provided with an elongate stepped bore having an axis extending in the elongate direction of the first housing portion 51.
  • This stepped bore comprises a first large-diameter portion 57 having an open end facing the second housing portion 52, a second, small-diameter portion 58 coaxial therewith and a third, large-dimeter portion 59 coaxial with and communicating with the second, small-diameter portion 58 and having an open end at the other end of the first housing portion 51.
  • a driving piston 60 sealed by a sealing ring 61 is slidingly arranged in the first, large-diameter portion 57 of the stepped bore and can move between an active forward stroke towards the right, as viewed in Figure 1, and an oppositely directed return stroke.
  • a short piston rod 62 projects from the right end face, as viewed in Figure 1, of the piston 60 and the right end of the piston rod 62 is bifurcated, so that the left end of a member 63 sandwiched between the bifurcated end of the piston rod 62 may be pivotally connected by a first pivot pin 64 to the piston rod 62.
  • the other end of the member 63 is likewise bifurcated, and a pawl 65 is connected to this bifurcated end of the member 63 by a second pivot pin 66.
  • the pivot pin 66 connects also the upper ends of a pair of arms 67 (only one of which is shown) located on opposite sides of the central ratchet wheel 55 between the side plates formed by the second housing portion 52 and the lower ends of these arms 67 are turnably mounted on the shaft 53.
  • a leaf spring 68 connected, for instance, by a screw 69 to one of the arms 67, engages' the pawl 65 to maintain the latter in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 55 during the forward stroke of the driving piston 60.
  • a cap 70 extends over the left end, as viewed in Figure 1, of the first housing portion 51 releasably connected thereto by a screw 71 or the like.
  • the cap is formed with a central opening 72 through which an elongate pumping piston 73 extends.
  • the right end of the pumping piston 73 extends into the second, small-diameter portion 58 of the stepped bore.
  • the left end, as viewed in Figure 1, of the piston 73 is screwed into a transverse pin 74, and opposite ends of this pin 74 extend through elongate slots 75 in a bifurcated handle portion 76 extending at an angle oc to the axis of the piston 73.
  • the bifurcated handle portion 76 extends between a pair of transversely spaced guide plates 77 (see also Figure 2) which project parallel to each other from the cap 70 in the direction of the elongate pumping piston 73.
  • Each of these guide plates 77 is formed in its lower end portion with an elongate slot 78 extending substantially in the same direction as the slots 75.
  • a pin 79 carried by the lower end of the bifurcated handle portion 76 parallel to the transverse pin 74 extends into the slots 78 in the guide plates 77.
  • the handle of the wrench also includes an elongate operating portion 80 adapted to be manually gripped by an operator during use of the wrench, and this elongate operating portion extends transverse to the above described bifurcated handle portion 76 substantially parallel to the elongate pumping piston 73 and preferably consists of two parts, that is a tubular portion 81 connected in any suitable manner to the upper end of the handle portion 76, and a rod-shaped portion 82 slidably received in the tubular portion 81 to be extended or collapsed with respect thereto and the rod-shaped portion 82 may be held in the' extended or collapsed position by spring-pressed balls 83 of standard construction and thus only schematically indicated in Figure 1.
  • the handle components 76, 80 may be locked in the position as shown in Figure 1 by a locking member 84 which traverses, with a bifurcated end portion, the elon - gate pumping piston 73 and which is tightly sandwiched between the left end face of the cap 70 and a ring member 85 fixed to the elongate pumping piston 73.
  • the handle 80 may be manually turned in the clockwise direction as indicated by the arrow a to thereby turn the housing 50 together with the ratchet wheel 55 about the axis of the latter, so that a nut or the like engaged in the socket connected to the square end portion 54 of the shaft 53 may be turned in the same direction and with a force as applied by the operator to the handle portion 80.
  • the manually operated hydraulic amplifier means incorporated in the first housing portion 51 can be used.
  • the manually operated hydraulic amplifier means comprises the already-described piston 60 reciprocatable in the first, large-diameter portion 57 of the stepped bore, which piston 60 drives, during its forward stroke, the ratchet wheel 55 about its axis and manually operated pumping means, that is the already-described elongate pumping piston 73 reciprocatable in the second, small-diameter portion 58 of the stepped bore for pumping a hydraulic fluid into a pressure chamber 85a defined between the rear face 60' of the piston 60 and the junction of the first, large-diameter portion and the second, small-diameter portion 58 of the stepped bore.
  • the cylinder bore 58 communicates also with one end of a suction passage 87 which communicates at the other end, via a second one-way valve 88, with a fluid reservoir 89 formed by part of the third, large-diameter bore portion 59 and closed at its rear end by a piston 90 slidingly arranged in the large bore portion 59 and sealed thereto by a sealing ring 91.
  • the pumping piston 73 extends through a central bore 92 of the sliding piston 90 and is sealed by a sealing ring 93.
  • a helical compression spring 94 arranged in the fluid reservoir 89 biases the sliding piston 90 towards the cap 70.
  • the second one-way valve 88 constructed in the same manner as the first one-way valve 86, is arranged to permit fluid flow from the reservoir 89 into- the suction passage 87 while preventing fluid flow in the reverse direction.
  • a return flow passage 95 communicates at one end with the pressure chamber 85a and at the other end with the reservoir 89.
  • a third one-way valve 96 is arranged at the other end of the return flow passage 95, and this third one-way valve 96, constructed as the other one-way valves, permits flow of fluid only from the reservoir 89 into the return flow passage 95 while normally preventing flow in the opposite direction.
  • This third one-way valve 96 may, however, be opened, for a purpose which will be described further below, by a manually actuatable operating member 97 comprising an elongate rod extending through a second bore 98 in the sliding piston 90 properly sealed by a sealing ring 99.
  • the operating member 97 has a portion 97' extending through a slot 100 in the first housing portion 51 to the outside and over the latter and a spring-pressed ball lock 101 of standard construction, arranged in the portion 97' of the operating member 97, permits the same to be locked in the position shown in Figure 1 or in an advanced position towards the right, as viewed in Figure 1, in which a pointed end 97" of the operating member 97 engages the ball of the third one-way valve 96, thereby preventing valve action and permitting flow to occur from the pressure chamber 85a via the return flow passage 95 into the reservoir 89.
  • a ring 102 fixed to the operating member 97 engages the rear face of the sliding piston 90, limiting movement of the latter, under the influence of the compression spring 94, towards the cap 70.
  • a gauge 103 of standard construction communicates with the return flow passage 95 and thus with the pressure chamber 85a to indicate the pressure prevailing therein and the gauge 103 can have its scale graduated to indicate directly the torque applied by the wrench since this will be related to the pressure created in the pressure chamber 85a during operation of the manually operated pumping means of the wrench.
  • the handle 80 When the handle 80 is now moved in the direction of the arrow a, it will cause the pumping piston 73 to make a pumping stroke. If, prior to making a pumping stroke, the handle portion 76 is moved in a downward direction so that the pin 79 moves to the lower ends of the slots 78 in the guide plates 77, while the transverse pin 74 connected to the rear end of the pumping piston 73 moves to the upper ends of the slots 75 in the handle portion 76, the pumping piston during 73 will undertake a relatively large stroke.
  • a nut engaged in a socket connected to the square end portion 54 of the shaft 53 should be turned in its loosening direction, it may happen that the cooperating threads of the nut and the bolt engaged therein may be corroded, so that the force applied by the operator to the handle 80 may not be sufficient to loosen the nut.
  • the nut can be loosened by first operating the amplifier means in the manner described above, and after breaking the nut loose it may be further unscrewed by turning the ratchet 63 directly via the handle 80 without utilising the amplifier means.
  • the wrench illustrated also includes a plate-shaped abutment member 106 connected by a screw bolt 107 to the bottom face of the first housing portion 51.
  • a plurality of pins 108 arranged circumferentially spaced from each other along a circle concentric with the axis of the screw bolt 107 permits the position of the abutment member 106 to be adjusted to extend either along the bottom face of the first housing portion 51 or downwardly therefrom in the direction of the shaft 53.
  • the plate-shaped abutment member 106 is maintained in the position shown in Figure 1 extending along the bottom face of the first housing portion 51.
  • the plate-shaped abutment member 106 can be turned to extend downwardly from the housing 50 in the direction of the axis of the ratchet wheel 55 to abut against a stationary abutment- (not shown) to counteract the force created during oepration of the manually operated pumping means.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Hand Tools For Fitting Together And Separating, Or Other Hand Tools (AREA)
EP84306983A 1983-11-23 1984-10-12 Manual ratchet torque wrench with amplifier Withdrawn EP0142933A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US55483083A 1983-11-23 1983-11-23
US554830 1983-11-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0142933A1 true EP0142933A1 (en) 1985-05-29

Family

ID=24214870

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84306983A Withdrawn EP0142933A1 (en) 1983-11-23 1984-10-12 Manual ratchet torque wrench with amplifier

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0142933A1 (ko)
KR (1) KR920008675B1 (ko)
AU (1) AU3440584A (ko)
IN (1) IN162585B (ko)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0482227A1 (en) * 1990-10-19 1992-04-29 Yehuda Haviv Tool for use in loosening or tightening vehicle wheel fasteners

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4137800A (en) * 1976-08-23 1979-02-06 Harmat Nominees Pty. Ltd. Torque wrench
US4201099A (en) * 1978-08-14 1980-05-06 Junkers John K Hydraulic wrench
US4279171A (en) * 1978-06-13 1981-07-21 Fylling Tor Torberg Torque applicator
DE3143510A1 (de) * 1980-11-10 1982-07-01 N-S-W Corp., 78761 Austin, Tex. "kraftbetaetigte schraubschluesseleinrichtung"

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4137800A (en) * 1976-08-23 1979-02-06 Harmat Nominees Pty. Ltd. Torque wrench
US4279171A (en) * 1978-06-13 1981-07-21 Fylling Tor Torberg Torque applicator
US4201099A (en) * 1978-08-14 1980-05-06 Junkers John K Hydraulic wrench
US4201099B1 (en) * 1978-08-14 1993-12-07 K. Junkers John Hydraulic wrench
DE3143510A1 (de) * 1980-11-10 1982-07-01 N-S-W Corp., 78761 Austin, Tex. "kraftbetaetigte schraubschluesseleinrichtung"

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0482227A1 (en) * 1990-10-19 1992-04-29 Yehuda Haviv Tool for use in loosening or tightening vehicle wheel fasteners

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR850003862A (ko) 1985-06-29
IN162585B (ko) 1988-06-11
AU3440584A (en) 1985-05-30
KR920008675B1 (ko) 1992-10-08

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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AK Designated contracting states

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STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

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18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19860130