EP0061035A2 - Resin-bonded grinding wheel - Google Patents

Resin-bonded grinding wheel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0061035A2
EP0061035A2 EP82101696A EP82101696A EP0061035A2 EP 0061035 A2 EP0061035 A2 EP 0061035A2 EP 82101696 A EP82101696 A EP 82101696A EP 82101696 A EP82101696 A EP 82101696A EP 0061035 A2 EP0061035 A2 EP 0061035A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resin
filler
grinding
wheels
abrasive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82101696A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0061035A3 (en
Inventor
Richard Henry Sioui
Edgar Benjamin Carver
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc
Original Assignee
Norton Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Norton Co filed Critical Norton Co
Publication of EP0061035A2 publication Critical patent/EP0061035A2/en
Publication of EP0061035A3 publication Critical patent/EP0061035A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
    • B24D3/344—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent the bonding agent being organic

Definitions

  • This invention relates to organic bonded grinding wheels containing cubic boron nitride abrasive and active fillers.
  • active fillers such as metal sulfide and halogen salts such as cryolite which have reactivity toward the material being ground have been employed in conventional aluminum oxide abrasive containing organic bonded grinding wheels for many years.
  • Such grinding aid fillers have not been used in grinding wheels containing diamond grits as the abrasive, because the important use of diamond wheels is in grinding carbides, glass and ceramics, particularly (for resin bonded wheels) in grinding hard carbides. Grinding aids suitable for grinding steel, for example, are of no apparent advantage in carbide grinding.
  • CBN cubic boron nitride
  • British Patent 834,351 published in 1960 teaches the use of metal sulfides together with alkali-metal salts such as sulfates as fillers in conventional abrasive wheels for grinding alloy steels. While the patent refers to abrasives generally, and lists diamond, such fillers, so far as is known, have never been commercially employed in diamond wheels or in CBN wheels.
  • German Patent P2230701 to Winter & Sohn discloses employing zinc sulfide with cryolite as a grinding aid in stick form to be applied to the workpiece. No suggestion of incorporating the grinding aids in the wheel bond appears in the patent.
  • a resin-bonded grinding wheel containing cubic boron nitride abrasive grits wherein the resinous bonding matrix contains, as a filler, (1) iron sulfide and an alkali sulfate in a volume ratio of 1/4 to 4/1, (2) cryolite, or (3) potassium aluminum fluoride, or a mixture of (1), (2), and/or (3), in the amount of 8 to 50% by volume of the abrasive, bond, and filler combination.
  • the present invention is the inclusion in CBN organic resin bonded wheels of an iron sulfide filler together with sodium or potassium sulfate.
  • Somewhat inferior to the iron sulfide/alkali sulfate filler are cryolite, or potassium aluminum tetrafluoride, or hexafluoride, in the amount of 8 to 50% by volume of the grinding section of the tool. Obviously, combinations of these fillers can be employed.
  • Such wheels in dry grinding of tool steels, or grinding of tool steels in combination with cemented carbides, show equivalent or better results than the best prior art wheels using bond compositions containing silver and dry film lubricants. Elimination of the need for silver is a major economic benefit. These wheels also are advantageous in providing greater freeness of cut and thus more rapid cut of the workpiece.
  • Wheels according to the present invention may be prepared as follows:
  • fillers are those active materials included as the subject of the application as well as other inert substances.
  • the mixture is then coated with a liquid pickup agent.
  • a finely divided powdered resin is then mixed with the liquid coated abrasive/filler mixture so as to coat the surfaces of the abrasive and filler particles evenly with resin.
  • phenolic novolak resin with hexamethylene tetramine crosslinking agent is chosen as the resin and furfural as the liquid pickup agent.
  • a typical formulation which illustrates the invention is:
  • the core is composed of finely divided aluminum powder and resin which has previously been compressed either cold or hot.
  • the wheel which now consists of the core and circumferentially located abrasive section, is hot pressed to melt and fuse the resin bonding both the abrasive section and the core. Pressures to 50 tsi and temperatures from 140 to 200°C. are applied to the wheel during a period of one-quarter to one hour to form the wheel. Subsequent to this operation the wheel may be heated to a temperature higher than the molding temperature at atmospheric pressure to improve grinding characteristics. Finally, the wheel is machined to prepare a product to standard and fixed dimensional specifications.
  • the wheels may be straight cylindrical wheels (lAl shape), or may be cup wheels as in the example above, or may be any other conventional shape.
  • the active filler should be present in a total amount of from 8% to 50% by volume of the grinding section of the wheel.
  • the ratio of FeS 2 to alkali sulfate may be from 4/1 to 1/4 by volume, but is preferably from 40/60 to 60/40 by volume.
  • Sodium sulfate may replace all or part of the K 2 SO 4 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

A resin-bonded grinding wheel containing cubic boron nitride abrasive grits wherein the resinous bonding matrix contains, as a filler, (1) iron sulfide and an alkali sulfate in a volume ratio of 1/4 to 4/1, (2) cryolite, or (3) potassium aluminum fluoride, or a mixture of (1), (2), and!or (3), in the amount of 8 to 50% by volume of the abrasive, bond, and filler combination.

Description

  • This invention relates to organic bonded grinding wheels containing cubic boron nitride abrasive and active fillers.
  • So-called active fillers such as metal sulfide and halogen salts such as cryolite which have reactivity toward the material being ground have been employed in conventional aluminum oxide abrasive containing organic bonded grinding wheels for many years.
  • Such grinding aid fillers have not been used in grinding wheels containing diamond grits as the abrasive, because the important use of diamond wheels is in grinding carbides, glass and ceramics, particularly (for resin bonded wheels) in grinding hard carbides. Grinding aids suitable for grinding steel, for example, are of no apparent advantage in carbide grinding.
  • The development of diamond grinding wheels began in the 1930's, and, until the late 1960's, diamond was the sole "super" abrasive, much harder than the conventional aluminum oxide and silicon carbide abrasives. Concurrent with the development of synthetic diamond by the high pressure-high temperature method taught in General Electric patents issued in the 1960's, the high density cubic form of boron nitride (CBN) having a hardness similar to diamond was discovered, by applying high pressure to hexagonal boron nitride at high temperature and in the presence of a catalyst, as disclosed in U.S. Patent 2,947,617.
  • While not superior to diamond in the grinding of carbides (e.g. cemented tungsten carbide) cubic boron nitride (CBN) has been found to be superior to diamond when ferrous metals, particularly tool steels are being ground. Thus CBN wheels can be superior to diamond wheels in the grinding of tools which combine hard carbides and steels.
  • Although CBN wheels have been made and tested by others, containing specific grinding aids, so far as is known, no commercial use has been made.of grinding aid fillers in resin bonded CBN wheels.
  • British Patent 834,351, published in 1960 teaches the use of metal sulfides together with alkali-metal salts such as sulfates as fillers in conventional abrasive wheels for grinding alloy steels. While the patent refers to abrasives generally, and lists diamond, such fillers, so far as is known, have never been commercially employed in diamond wheels or in CBN wheels.
  • German Patent P2230701, to Winter & Sohn discloses employing zinc sulfide with cryolite as a grinding aid in stick form to be applied to the workpiece. No suggestion of incorporating the grinding aids in the wheel bond appears in the patent.
  • In accordance with the present invention there is provided a resin-bonded grinding wheel containing cubic boron nitride abrasive grits wherein the resinous bonding matrix contains, as a filler, (1) iron sulfide and an alkali sulfate in a volume ratio of 1/4 to 4/1, (2) cryolite, or (3) potassium aluminum fluoride, or a mixture of (1), (2), and/or (3), in the amount of 8 to 50% by volume of the abrasive, bond, and filler combination.
  • The present invention is the inclusion in CBN organic resin bonded wheels of an iron sulfide filler together with sodium or potassium sulfate. Somewhat inferior to the iron sulfide/alkali sulfate filler are cryolite, or potassium aluminum tetrafluoride, or hexafluoride, in the amount of 8 to 50% by volume of the grinding section of the tool. Obviously, combinations of these fillers can be employed. Such wheels, in dry grinding of tool steels, or grinding of tool steels in combination with cemented carbides, show equivalent or better results than the best prior art wheels using bond compositions containing silver and dry film lubricants. Elimination of the need for silver is a major economic benefit. These wheels also are advantageous in providing greater freeness of cut and thus more rapid cut of the workpiece.
  • Wheels according to the present invention may be prepared as follows:
    • Wheel Preparation Example
  • An intimate mixture of fillers and the CBN abrasive is prepared. Fillers are those active materials included as the subject of the application as well as other inert substances. The mixture is then coated with a liquid pickup agent. A finely divided powdered resin is then mixed with the liquid coated abrasive/filler mixture so as to coat the surfaces of the abrasive and filler particles evenly with resin. In the usual practice, phenolic novolak resin with hexamethylene tetramine crosslinking agent is chosen as the resin and furfural as the liquid pickup agent.
  • A typical formulation which illustrates the invention is:
    Figure imgb0001
  • This mixture is then distributed evenly in a groove molded or machined around the circumference of a core. The core is composed of finely divided aluminum powder and resin which has previously been compressed either cold or hot. The wheel, which now consists of the core and circumferentially located abrasive section, is hot pressed to melt and fuse the resin bonding both the abrasive section and the core. Pressures to 50 tsi and temperatures from 140 to 200°C. are applied to the wheel during a period of one-quarter to one hour to form the wheel. Subsequent to this operation the wheel may be heated to a temperature higher than the molding temperature at atmospheric pressure to improve grinding characteristics. Finally, the wheel is machined to prepare a product to standard and fixed dimensional specifications.
  • Other thermosetting resins or equivalents can be employed. The wheels may be straight cylindrical wheels (lAl shape), or may be cup wheels as in the example above, or may be any other conventional shape.
  • The active filler should be present in a total amount of from 8% to 50% by volume of the grinding section of the wheel. The ratio of FeS2 to alkali sulfate may be from 4/1 to 1/4 by volume, but is preferably from 40/60 to 60/40 by volume. Sodium sulfate may replace all or part of the K2SO4.

Claims (2)

1. A resin-bonded grinding wheel containing cubic boron nitride abrasive grits characterized by the fact that the resinous bonding matrix contains, as a filler, (1) iron sulfide and an alkali sulfate in a volume ratio of 1/4 to 4/1, (2) cryolite, or (3) potassium aluminum fluoride, or a mixture of (1), (2) and/or (3), in the amount of 8 to 50% by volume of the abrasive, bond, and filler combination.
2. A resin-bonded grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the filler comprises finely divided iron sulfide and alkali sulfate.
EP82101696A 1981-03-20 1982-03-04 Resin-bonded grinding wheel Withdrawn EP0061035A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24585581A 1981-03-20 1981-03-20
US245855 1981-03-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0061035A2 true EP0061035A2 (en) 1982-09-29
EP0061035A3 EP0061035A3 (en) 1983-07-27

Family

ID=22928362

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82101696A Withdrawn EP0061035A3 (en) 1981-03-20 1982-03-04 Resin-bonded grinding wheel

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0061035A3 (en)
JP (1) JPS57163067A (en)
AU (1) AU8080082A (en)
BR (1) BR8201393A (en)
CA (1) CA1188103A (en)
DE (1) DE61035T1 (en)
ES (1) ES8308245A1 (en)
IN (1) IN155234B (en)
ZA (1) ZA821215B (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0299950A1 (en) * 1987-07-17 1989-01-18 Chemson Polymer-Additive Gesellschaft M.B.H. Halogen-containing fillers for abrasive articles, method for the production of these fillers and abrasive articles containing them
US5269821A (en) * 1992-02-20 1993-12-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Coatable mixtures including erodable filler agglomerates, methods of preparing same, abrasive articles incorporating cured versions of same, and methods of making said articles
EP1704965A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-27 Solvay Fluor GmbH Grinding aid
CN102059659A (en) * 2009-11-13 2011-05-18 沈阳中科超硬磨具磨削研究所 Formula system for abrasive layer of resin cubic boron nitride (CBN) end face grinding wheel
CN113059506A (en) * 2021-03-08 2021-07-02 天津职业技术师范大学(中国职业培训指导教师进修中心) Glass powder sintered solid self-lubricating grinding wheel and preparation method thereof

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2540770B1 (en) * 1983-02-14 1987-12-11 Norton Co CUBIC BORON NITRIDE GRINDING
US5061295A (en) * 1990-10-22 1991-10-29 Norton Company Grinding wheel abrasive composition

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB834351A (en) * 1957-10-25 1960-05-04 Abrasive & Metal Products Comp Improvements in or relating to abrasives
FR1330483A (en) * 1961-08-16 1963-06-21 Carborundum Co Abrasive wheels
DE2230701A1 (en) * 1972-06-23 1974-01-10 Winter & Sohn Ernst Boron nitride grinding wheel lubricants - contg zinc sulphide and/or cryolite
GB1472044A (en) * 1975-08-27 1977-04-27 Inst Material Akad Nauk Ukrain Composition for manufacturing abrasive tools
FR2385494A1 (en) * 1977-03-30 1978-10-27 Norton Co Precision abrasive grinding wheels giving high surface finish - using a binder contg. epoxy! resin and phenol! resin as replacement for shellac
US4253850A (en) * 1979-08-17 1981-03-03 Norton Company Resin bonded abrasive bodies for snagging metal containing low abrasive and high filler content

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4110939A (en) * 1977-06-13 1978-09-05 The Carborundum Company Cuprous oxide containing resin bonded abrasive article and process for manufacturing same
JPS54163492A (en) * 1978-06-15 1979-12-26 Toa Seito Kougiyou Kk Polishing body and its preparation

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB834351A (en) * 1957-10-25 1960-05-04 Abrasive & Metal Products Comp Improvements in or relating to abrasives
FR1330483A (en) * 1961-08-16 1963-06-21 Carborundum Co Abrasive wheels
DE2230701A1 (en) * 1972-06-23 1974-01-10 Winter & Sohn Ernst Boron nitride grinding wheel lubricants - contg zinc sulphide and/or cryolite
GB1472044A (en) * 1975-08-27 1977-04-27 Inst Material Akad Nauk Ukrain Composition for manufacturing abrasive tools
FR2385494A1 (en) * 1977-03-30 1978-10-27 Norton Co Precision abrasive grinding wheels giving high surface finish - using a binder contg. epoxy! resin and phenol! resin as replacement for shellac
US4253850A (en) * 1979-08-17 1981-03-03 Norton Company Resin bonded abrasive bodies for snagging metal containing low abrasive and high filler content

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0299950A1 (en) * 1987-07-17 1989-01-18 Chemson Polymer-Additive Gesellschaft M.B.H. Halogen-containing fillers for abrasive articles, method for the production of these fillers and abrasive articles containing them
AT394961B (en) * 1987-07-17 1992-08-10 Bbu Chemie Gmbh HALOGENIC FILLERS FOR ABRASIVE BODIES, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THESE FILLERS AND THE ABRASIVE BODIES CONTAINING THEM
US5269821A (en) * 1992-02-20 1993-12-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Coatable mixtures including erodable filler agglomerates, methods of preparing same, abrasive articles incorporating cured versions of same, and methods of making said articles
EP1704965A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-27 Solvay Fluor GmbH Grinding aid
WO2006100043A2 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-28 Solvay Fluor Gmbh Abrasive means, use of alkali metal fluoroaluminates or alkaline earth fluoroaluminates for stabilizing polymers against change in color by the action of heat, and mixture consisting of potassium tetrafluoroaluminate and dipotassium pentafluoroaluminate and of other abrasive-active fillers
WO2006100043A3 (en) * 2005-03-24 2007-04-05 Solvay Fluor Gmbh Abrasive means, use of alkali metal fluoroaluminates or alkaline earth fluoroaluminates for stabilizing polymers against change in color by the action of heat, and mixture consisting of potassium tetrafluoroaluminate and dipotassium pentafluoroaluminate and of other abrasive-active fillers
CN102059659A (en) * 2009-11-13 2011-05-18 沈阳中科超硬磨具磨削研究所 Formula system for abrasive layer of resin cubic boron nitride (CBN) end face grinding wheel
CN113059506A (en) * 2021-03-08 2021-07-02 天津职业技术师范大学(中国职业培训指导教师进修中心) Glass powder sintered solid self-lubricating grinding wheel and preparation method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1188103A (en) 1985-06-04
ZA821215B (en) 1983-01-26
JPS57163067A (en) 1982-10-07
BR8201393A (en) 1983-02-01
ES510379A0 (en) 1983-08-16
EP0061035A3 (en) 1983-07-27
IN155234B (en) 1985-01-12
AU8080082A (en) 1982-09-23
DE61035T1 (en) 1983-07-21
ES8308245A1 (en) 1983-08-16

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Inventor name: CARVER, EDGAR BENJAMIN