EP0040035A1 - Electric cables - Google Patents
Electric cables Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0040035A1 EP0040035A1 EP81301966A EP81301966A EP0040035A1 EP 0040035 A1 EP0040035 A1 EP 0040035A1 EP 81301966 A EP81301966 A EP 81301966A EP 81301966 A EP81301966 A EP 81301966A EP 0040035 A1 EP0040035 A1 EP 0040035A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- insulation
- tape
- groups
- cable
- principal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
- H01B3/04—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances mica
Definitions
- This invention relates to electric cables having at least two conductors insulated from one another, and to insulated conductors for use therein.
- the object of the invention is to provide a cable suitable for continuous service at high temperatures (say up to around 150-180°C), which resists short-circuiting for a.useful length of time (say at least 30 minutes) under fire conditions, which does not evolve any large quantity of visible smoke or toxic gas if burned, and which maintains (under normal service conditions) good mechanical and electrical properties.
- Glass-fibre reinforced mica paper tape has been used to impart limited fire-survival characteristics to certain polymer-insulated cables, but is ineffective with most conventional high-temperature polymeric insulating materials.
- the principal insulation is preferably extruded either as a single operation or in two (or more) steps.
- it might be in tape form applied helically or applied longitudinally, or as a further alternative it could be applied initially in a longitudinal direction and subsequently converted to a helical form by twisting the wrapped wire (before or after applying any further layer), for example by using a flyer-type winding machine (as, conventionally used for twinning and bunching).
- a composite layer applied partly in tape form and partly by extrusion (under, over or between tapes).
- the outer layer is in two or more parts they may be of identical composition or they may differ within the range of polymers defined above.
- the secondary insulation may be inside the principalinsulation (which is in most cases most effective in providing fire survival characteristics) or outside it (which tends to be better from the point of view of low combustibility and smoke hazard), or may be present in both these positions. Alternatively (or in addition) it could be interposed between layers of principal insulation.
- the principal and secondary insulation may, but need not, be bonded together at the interface.
- the conductor may be solid or stranded and may be of plain, tinned, nickel-plated, nickel-clad or silver- plated copper.
- Suitable polymers for the principal insulation are described in British Patent Specifications 971,227, 1,016,245, 1,019,266, 1,019,458, 1,078,234, 1,086,021, 1,102,679, 1,153,035, 1,153,527 1,164,817, 1,177,183, 1,383,393, 1,387,303, and 1,414,421, 1,414,422, and 1,414,423 and in European Patent Application 0001879.
- Linear polymers are usually preferred, but some can be crosslinked and this may sometimes be beneficial.
- Polymers in which the aromatic groups are predominantly phenylene and the linking groups are selected from -0-, -CO- and -S0 2 - are preferred; most preferred are polyether-ketones and polyether sulphones in which (in both cases) -0- linkages are in the majority, and more especially para phenylene polyetherketones having about twice as many -0- linkages as -CO- linkages, such as that. sold by ICI as "PEEK”.
- the principal insulation layer is oriented, suitable techniques for extruded layers being described in our British Patent Application 16614/78 and our European Application No. 79301544.7.
- mica paper constituent of the tape comprising the secondary insulation is not critical, but the particles should be sufficiently densely packed to make the mica paper self-supporting; on the other hand large flakes or splittings of mica do not form an adequate substitute for mica paper.
- Mica paper prepared from phlogopite is preferred, but muscovite mica paper can be used.
- the reinforcing mineral fibres are preferably glass fibres, but other mineral fibres of high tensile strength (such as asbestos fibres) could be used. They may run in the longitudinal direction of the tape only, or they may run in more than one direction with or without being woven together.
- any type of bonding resin that adheres satisfactorily to the mica paper and the fibres and has adequate flexibility and maintains electrical insulation under fire conditions can be used.
- the preferred bonding resin is based on a silicone. Since the resin is itself a combustible material, the minimum amount of resin compatible with satisfactory bonding should be used. When the resin is heat-curable, it may usefully be in an incompletely cured state when the tape is applied.
- the reinforced mica paper tape is preferably applied helically to the cable core, but longitudinal taping could be used provided either that the edges of the tape are overlapped and securely fixed down or that the cable core is subsequently twisted as described above.
- a core comprises 19 annealed copper wires each 0.15mm in diameter conventionally stranded together and lapped with a 6mm wide mica paper tape applied with a nominal overlap of 50%.
- the tape is sold by General Electric Co. under the reference number 77935 and comprises mica paper with longitudinally-extending glass fibres bonded to it with a silicone resin; its nominal overall thickness is O.lmm. over the tape is extruded a layer of a polyphenylene etherketone with about two ether linkages per ketone linkage (suitably pigmented if desired but without other additives), using a conventional thermoplastic extruder operating at about 400°C. The radial thickness of this layer is 0.4mm.
- the core is completed by an extruded layer, 0.8mm radial, of an ethylene-acrylate composition formulated as follows:
- Example 2 This is a core similar to Example 1 except that the mica tape is that sold under the designation 'Isola reference 366-21' comprising mica paper and a woven glass fabric bonded together with a semicured silicone resin; the dimensions are the same as in Example 1.
- the mica tape is that sold under the designation 'Isola reference 366-21' comprising mica paper and a woven glass fabric bonded together with a semicured silicone resin; the dimensions are the same as in Example 1.
- the cores of Examples 3 and 4 respectively are braided with 0.8mm diameter tinned annealed copper wires applied 16 spindles/5 ends/7mm lay and sheathed with the ethylene/acrylate copolymer compound set out in Example 1 above to form a cable 4.4mm diameter (sheath 0.8mm radial).
- Example 3 and Example 4 Nineteen of the cores of Example 3 and Example 4 respectively are laid up in a conventional manner (1,6,12) with a lay length for each of the layers equal to 25 times the respective pitch diameter.
- the core assembly (with a diameter of about 10mm) is lapped with a 25mm x 0.025mm Melinex (polyethylene terephthalate) tape applied with 20% overlap and sheathed to a radial thickness of 1.27mm with the ethylene/acrylate composition set out in Example 1; finished diameter about 12.54mm.
- Melinex polyethylene terephthalate
- Twisted pairs of the cores of Examples 3 and 4 respectively are lapped with a Melinex tape l5mm x 0.025mm, 20% overlap.
- a screen of tinned annealed copper wires each 0.10mm in diameter applied 16 spindles/4 ends/l5mm lay is followed by another Melinex tape and then a Lamiglas tape with the same dimensions and overlap as the first Melinex tape.
Abstract
An insulated conductor suitable for continuous service at high temperatures (e.g. 150-180°C) and which under fire conditions resists short-circuiting and does not evolve large amounts of visible smoke or toxic fumes has principal extruded insulation based on a polymer consisting of chains of aromatic rings linked by groups selected from -0-, -S-, -SO2- (where R=H or alkyl or acyl) -NHCO-,
and-CO.O-. Secondary, fire-survivinq, insulation is of resin-bonded mineral-fibre reinforced mica paper tape. This may be under or over the principal insulation.
Description
- This invention relates to electric cables having at least two conductors insulated from one another, and to insulated conductors for use therein.
- The object of the invention is to provide a cable suitable for continuous service at high temperatures (say up to around 150-180°C), which resists short-circuiting for a.useful length of time (say at least 30 minutes) under fire conditions, which does not evolve any large quantity of visible smoke or toxic gas if burned, and which maintains (under normal service conditions) good mechanical and electrical properties.
- Glass-fibre reinforced mica paper tape has been used to impart limited fire-survival characteristics to certain polymer-insulated cables, but is ineffective with most conventional high-temperature polymeric insulating materials.
- In accordance with the present invention, anC electric cable, or an insulated conductor for use therein, comprises at least one metallic conductor and surrounding insulation comprising (i) extruded principal insulation based on a polymer consisting of chains of aromatic rings linked by groups selected from -0-, -S-, -SO2-, -CO-, -CR2- (where R=H or alkyl or acyl) -NHCO-,
- The principal insulation is preferably extruded either as a single operation or in two (or more) steps. Alternatively it might be in tape form applied helically or applied longitudinally, or as a further alternative it could be applied initially in a longitudinal direction and subsequently converted to a helical form by twisting the wrapped wire (before or after applying any further layer), for example by using a flyer-type winding machine (as, conventionally used for twinning and bunching). Further it might be a composite layer applied partly in tape form and partly by extrusion (under, over or between tapes). When the outer layer is in two or more parts they may be of identical composition or they may differ within the range of polymers defined above.
- The secondary insulation may be inside the principalinsulation (which is in most cases most effective in providing fire survival characteristics) or outside it (which tends to be better from the point of view of low combustibility and smoke hazard), or may be present in both these positions. Alternatively (or in addition) it could be interposed between layers of principal insulation. The principal and secondary insulation may, but need not, be bonded together at the interface.
- The conductor may be solid or stranded and may be of plain, tinned, nickel-plated, nickel-clad or silver- plated copper.
- Suitable polymers for the principal insulation are described in British Patent Specifications 971,227, 1,016,245, 1,019,266, 1,019,458, 1,078,234, 1,086,021, 1,102,679, 1,153,035, 1,153,527 1,164,817, 1,177,183, 1,383,393, 1,387,303, and 1,414,421, 1,414,422, and 1,414,423 and in European Patent Application 0001879. Linear polymers are usually preferred, but some can be crosslinked and this may sometimes be beneficial. Polymers in which the aromatic groups are predominantly phenylene and the linking groups are selected from -0-, -CO- and -S02- are preferred; most preferred are polyether-ketones and polyether sulphones in which (in both cases) -0- linkages are in the majority, and more especially para phenylene polyetherketones having about twice as many -0- linkages as -CO- linkages, such as that. sold by ICI as "PEEK".
- Preferably the principal insulation layer is oriented, suitable techniques for extruded layers being described in our British Patent Application 16614/78 and our European Application No. 79301544.7.
- The precise structure of the mica paper constituent of the tape comprising the secondary insulation is not critical, but the particles should be sufficiently densely packed to make the mica paper self-supporting; on the other hand large flakes or splittings of mica do not form an adequate substitute for mica paper. Mica paper prepared from phlogopite is preferred, but muscovite mica paper can be used.
- The reinforcing mineral fibres are preferably glass fibres, but other mineral fibres of high tensile strength (such as asbestos fibres) could be used. They may run in the longitudinal direction of the tape only, or they may run in more than one direction with or without being woven together.
- Any type of bonding resin that adheres satisfactorily to the mica paper and the fibres and has adequate flexibility and maintains electrical insulation under fire conditions can be used. The preferred bonding resin is based on a silicone. Since the resin is itself a combustible material, the minimum amount of resin compatible with satisfactory bonding should be used. When the resin is heat-curable, it may usefully be in an incompletely cured state when the tape is applied. The reinforced mica paper tape is preferably applied helically to the cable core, but longitudinal taping could be used provided either that the edges of the tape are overlapped and securely fixed down or that the cable core is subsequently twisted as described above.
- A core comprises 19 annealed copper wires each 0.15mm in diameter conventionally stranded together and lapped with a 6mm wide mica paper tape applied with a nominal overlap of 50%. The tape is sold by General Electric Co. under the reference number 77935 and comprises mica paper with longitudinally-extending glass fibres bonded to it with a silicone resin; its nominal overall thickness is O.lmm. over the tape is extruded a layer of a polyphenylene etherketone with about two ether linkages per ketone linkage (suitably pigmented if desired but without other additives), using a conventional thermoplastic extruder operating at about 400°C. The radial thickness of this layer is 0.4mm.
-
- This is a core similar to Example 1 except that the mica tape is that sold under the designation 'Isola reference 366-21' comprising mica paper and a woven glass fabric bonded together with a semicured silicone resin; the dimensions are the same as in Example 1.
- These are cores identical with those of Examples 1 and 2 respectively except for the omission of the outer copolymer layer.
- The cores of Examples 3 and 4 respectively are braided with 0.8mm diameter tinned annealed copper wires applied 16 spindles/5 ends/7mm lay and sheathed with the ethylene/acrylate copolymer compound set out in Example 1 above to form a cable 4.4mm diameter (sheath 0.8mm radial).
- Nineteen of the cores of Example 3 and Example 4 respectively are laid up in a conventional manner (1,6,12) with a lay length for each of the layers equal to 25 times the respective pitch diameter. The core assembly (with a diameter of about 10mm) is lapped with a 25mm x 0.025mm Melinex (polyethylene terephthalate) tape applied with 20% overlap and sheathed to a radial thickness of 1.27mm with the ethylene/acrylate composition set out in Example 1; finished diameter about 12.54mm.
- These are similar .to Examples 7 and 8 respectively, except that
- (i) between the core assembly and the Melinex tape is interposed a braid of 0.15mm diameter tinned annealed copper wires applied 24 spindles/8 ends/26mm lay;
- (ii) between the Melinex tape and the sheath is a heat-sealable coated polyester tape (sold under the trademark Lamiglas) with the same dimensions and lay as the Melinex tape; and
- (iii) the radial thickness of the sheath is l.lmm (giving an overall diameter of about 14.0mm).
- Twisted pairs of the cores of Examples 3 and 4 respectively are lapped with a Melinex tape l5mm x 0.025mm, 20% overlap. A screen of tinned annealed copper wires each 0.10mm in diameter applied 16 spindles/4 ends/l5mm lay is followed by another Melinex tape and then a Lamiglas tape with the same dimensions and overlap as the first Melinex tape.
- Seven of the resultant pairs are laid up at 25 times the pitch diameter and lapped with a further Melinex tape, this time 30mm x 0.025mm, applied with 20% overlap. An extruded ethylene/acrylate sheath, 1.2mm radial thickness, of the formulation set out in Example'1, completes a cable about 18.0mm in diameter.
Claims (4)
1. An electric cable, or an insulated conductor for use therein, comprising at least one metallic conductor and surrounding insulation comprising (1) principal insulation comprising a polymer consisting of chains of aromatic rings linked by groups selected from -0-, -S-, -S02-, -CO-, -CR2- (where R=H or alkyl or acyl) NHCO-,
and -CO.O-, and (2) secondary insulation comprising at least one tape of a resin-bonded mineral fibre reinforced mica paper.
2. An insulated wire or cable as claimed in Claim 1 in which the linking groups are selected from -0-, -CO- and -S02-.
3. An insulated wire or cable as claimed in Claim 1 in which the polymer is a polyether ketone in which the linking groups are -0- and -CO-, -0- groups being in the majority.
4. An insulated wire or cable as claimed in any one of Claims 1-3 in which the aromatic groups in the polymer are predominately phenylene groups.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8015250 | 1980-05-08 | ||
GB8015250 | 1980-05-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0040035A1 true EP0040035A1 (en) | 1981-11-18 |
Family
ID=10513286
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP81301966A Withdrawn EP0040035A1 (en) | 1980-05-08 | 1981-05-05 | Electric cables |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0040035A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU539952B2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2138168A (en) * | 1983-04-13 | 1984-10-17 | Norsk Kabelfabrik As | Fire resistant optical fibre cable |
WO2001098434A1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2001-12-27 | Compagnie Royale Asturienne Des Mines S.A. | Protective barrier |
EP1205529A1 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-05-15 | COMPAGNIE ROYALE ASTURIENNE DES MINES, Société Anonyme | Mica-based fireproofing for use in aeronautical applications |
US6747214B2 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2004-06-08 | Nexans | Insulated electrical conductor with preserved functionality in case of fire |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB923940A (en) * | 1960-06-22 | 1963-04-18 | Ass Elect Ind | Polycarbonate resin insulated conductors |
US3425865A (en) * | 1965-06-29 | 1969-02-04 | Cerro Corp | Insulated conductor |
NL7203717A (en) * | 1972-03-20 | 1973-03-26 | Electrical insulation sheet - of mica bonded with poly(2,6-diphenyl-para-phenylene oxide) |
-
1981
- 1981-05-05 EP EP81301966A patent/EP0040035A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-05-06 AU AU70169/81A patent/AU539952B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB923940A (en) * | 1960-06-22 | 1963-04-18 | Ass Elect Ind | Polycarbonate resin insulated conductors |
US3425865A (en) * | 1965-06-29 | 1969-02-04 | Cerro Corp | Insulated conductor |
NL7203717A (en) * | 1972-03-20 | 1973-03-26 | Electrical insulation sheet - of mica bonded with poly(2,6-diphenyl-para-phenylene oxide) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2138168A (en) * | 1983-04-13 | 1984-10-17 | Norsk Kabelfabrik As | Fire resistant optical fibre cable |
WO2001098434A1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2001-12-27 | Compagnie Royale Asturienne Des Mines S.A. | Protective barrier |
US7658983B2 (en) | 2000-06-21 | 2010-02-09 | Cogebi Societe Anonyme | Protective barrier |
US8173556B2 (en) | 2000-06-21 | 2012-05-08 | Cogebi Societe Anonyme | Protective barrier |
US6747214B2 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2004-06-08 | Nexans | Insulated electrical conductor with preserved functionality in case of fire |
EP1205529A1 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-05-15 | COMPAGNIE ROYALE ASTURIENNE DES MINES, Société Anonyme | Mica-based fireproofing for use in aeronautical applications |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU539952B2 (en) | 1984-10-25 |
AU7016981A (en) | 1981-11-12 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19811127 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19830516 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: SULLIVAN, THOMAS |