EP0033248B1 - Magnetischer Toner und ihn verwendendes Entwicklungsverfahren - Google Patents

Magnetischer Toner und ihn verwendendes Entwicklungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0033248B1
EP0033248B1 EP81300371A EP81300371A EP0033248B1 EP 0033248 B1 EP0033248 B1 EP 0033248B1 EP 81300371 A EP81300371 A EP 81300371A EP 81300371 A EP81300371 A EP 81300371A EP 0033248 B1 EP0033248 B1 EP 0033248B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toner
magnetic
propane
bis
hydroxy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81300371A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0033248A1 (de
Inventor
Stephen L. Gaudioso
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/115,974 external-priority patent/US4288516A/en
Priority claimed from US06/115,973 external-priority patent/US4271248A/en
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Publication of EP0033248A1 publication Critical patent/EP0033248A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0033248B1 publication Critical patent/EP0033248B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/083—Magnetic toner particles
    • G03G9/0831—Chemical composition of the magnetic components
    • G03G9/0833—Oxides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/083—Magnetic toner particles
    • G03G9/0831—Chemical composition of the magnetic components
    • G03G9/0832—Metals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08755—Polyesters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a single-component magnetic toner.
  • the latent magnetic image may be provided by any suitable magnetization procedure. Typically, a magnetizable layer of marking material is arranged in imagewise configuration on a magnetic substrate. Well known electrostato- graphic methods are sometimes used to accomplish this. The latent image may then be developed and fused. There a number of known methods for creating the latent image which are described, for example, in US-A-4032923; 4060811, 4074276, 4030105, 4035810, 4101904 and 4121261.
  • the magnetizable toner is developed in imagewise configuration onto an electrophotographic recording surface.
  • the toner is then magnetized, for example, by an electronic recording head.
  • the layer supporting the magnetized toner is then brought into contact with a magnetizable layer and the magnetized toner magnetizes the magnetizable layer in image configuration.
  • a latent magnetic image is thus formed in the magnetizable layer corresponding to the imagewise arrangement of magnetized toner particles.
  • Typical fusing methods used in magnetic imaging include, for example, heating the toner image to cause the resin thereof to at least partially melt and become adhered to the transfer medium followed by application of pressure to the toner, such as use of a heater roller.
  • Solvent or solvent vapor fusing has also been used, wherein the resin component of the toner is partially dissolved.
  • a non-contact flash fusing system such as that well known in electrophotographic machines, should be used. Aside from higher process speed, improved reliability, especially for paper handling, and higher copy quality is attained. However, in general, toner materials which function satisfactorily with a hot-pressure roll fuser do not perform satisfactorily with a flash fuser. This is true because of the significantly different process-related rheological criteria between these two systems.
  • toner For contact pressure roll fusing, one needs a toner with shear--dependent viscosity (i.e., low viscosity at high shear and relatively high viscosity at low shear) and sufficient viscoelasticity to avoid hot set-off to the fuser roll over the fusing temperature interval of interest.
  • shear--dependent viscosity i.e., low viscosity at high shear and relatively high viscosity at low shear
  • sufficient viscoelasticity to avoid hot set-off to the fuser roll over the fusing temperature interval of interest.
  • non-contact flash fusing one desires a toner with a strongly temperature-dependent viscosity and minimal elasticity such that the molten toner will rapidly flow and penetrate the paper fibers at the fusing temperature without benefit of contact induced shear.
  • the toner materials designed for and found most acceptable in roll fusing do not have the desired rheological properties for flash fusing.
  • the toners of the present invention possess higher agglomeration resistance and penetrate extremely rapidly into paper copy sheets under fusing conditions.
  • the toners produce increased definition of characters; more complete transfer of toner images, greater resistance to film formation on reusable image surfaces. They resist the formation of 'fines' under machine operating conditions, exhibiting high resistance to physical degradation, and they show rapid melting properties.
  • Suitable esterification processes may be used to form the linear resins of this invention. These are discussed in US-A-3590000.
  • Any suitable magnetite may be employed. About 40% to about 80% by weight of Mapico Black is preferred, with about 65% Mapico Black being optimum. Also, any suitable pigment or colorant may be included in the toner. These may include, for example, carbon black, nigrosine dye, aniline blue, chalco blue, chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, methylene blue chloride, phthalocyanine blue and mixtures thereof.
  • the amount of magnetic pigment material ranges from 50 to 75% by weight in order to achieve adequate development and fusing at high speed, as for example, with flash fusing.
  • the amount of resin used ranged from 25% to 50% by weight.
  • Additional additives of various types may be added to or used in conjunction with the toners described herein in order to enhance process performance in one or more aspects.
  • Silanox 101 fumed silica
  • zinc stearate or other suitable powder flow agents may be used with the toners to aid development.
  • Certain plasticizers, such as diphenylphthalate are known to dramatically alter the melt viscosity of the toners and may be used to substantially reduce the energy required to fuse the toners to a substrate such as paper.
  • surface treatment or blending of the toners with magnetic and or conductive additives for example, certain metal powders, magnetites or carbon blacks, can be used to impart desirable process characteristics, particularly for development, to the toners of this invention.
  • the toners of the present invention may be prepared by various known methods such as spray drying.
  • spray drying method the appropriate polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent like toluene or chloroform or suitable solvent mixture.
  • the toner colorant and/or pigments are also added to the solvent. Vigorous agitation, such as that obtained by the ball milling processes assists in ensuring good dispersion of the colorant or pigment.
  • the solution is then pumped through the atomizing nozzle while using an inert gas, such as nitrogen, as the atomizing agent.
  • the solvent evaporates during atomization resulting toner varies depending on the size of the nozzle.
  • melt blending or dispersion processes can also be used for preparing the toner compositions of the present invention. This involves melting a powdered form of an appropriate polymeric resin and mixing it with suitable colorants and/or pigments. The resin can be melted by heated rolls, which rollers can be used to stir and blend the resin. After thorough blending, the mixture is cooled and solidified. The solid mass that results is broken into small pieces and subsequently finely ground so as to form free flowing toner particles which range in size of from about 0.1 to about 100 um. Other methods for preparing the toners of the present invention include dispersion polymerization, emulsion polymerization and melt blending/crogenic grinding.
  • the toners of the present invention may be of any suitable size, although particles ranging in size from 3 pm to 20 11m and preferably from 5 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m fuse particularly well in magnetic imaging systems employing flash fusing. When the particles are too fine, poor development with high background may occur. Optimum results are attained with toner particles ranging in size from 6 to 9 ⁇ m.
  • Toner pile height that is, the average nominal height of the unfused toner layer in the developed image areas of a magnetic image on an appropriate substrate, such as paper
  • toner pile heights of from approximately 3 pm to about 30 pm can be employed, with pile heights from about 5 ⁇ m to about 20 um preferred and pile heights from about 7 pm to about 15 pm optimum.
  • magnetic dipole development is particularly suited to the creation of flash fusible images since the development forces can be controlled to produce extremely uniform toner layers of a given thickness across both line and solid area images.
  • the magnetic imaging systems are generally known in the arts and are described hereinbefore.
  • the magnetic toners of the present invention can be utilized to develop magnetic latent images and a method of developing magnetic latent images according to the invention is characterised by a magnetic toner as described hereinbefore, the toner particles having a pile height of from 3 to 30 pm, preferably 5 to 20 pm.
  • a toner consisting of 35 parts by weight of a propoxylated bisphenol fumarate resin, a polymeric condensation product of 2,2 bis (4 - hydroxy - isopropoxy - phenyl) - propane and fumaric acid, having a melt index of approximately 10, and 65 parts by weight of the magnetite, Mapico Black, commercially available from the Columbian Chemicals Div. of Cities Service Company, is prepared by conventional milling and jetting techniques.
  • the resulting black toner material has a volume average particle size of about 13.3 ⁇ m.
  • the material is subsequently dry blended with about 0.4 percent by weight of a flow agent additive, Silanox 101, commercially available from Cabot Company to produce a free-flowing, magnetic developer.
  • This toner when used in a magnetic imaging system for developing magnetic images, produced images of uniform, high optical density and excellent resolution. Excellent fixing of these images is obtained for flash fusing input energies from about 0.74 J/cm 2 to about 1.00 J/cm 2 for unfused toner pile heights from about 6 pm to about 12 pm, respectively.
  • a toner is prepared in accordance with Example I, with the exception that the resulting black toner material has a volume average particle size of about 7.1 ⁇ m, and substantially similar results to those of Example I are obtained with this toner.
  • Example I The procedure of Example I is repeated with the exception that a propoxylated bisphenol fumarate resin having a melt index of approximately 14 is used (volume average particle size was about 6.35 um), and substantially similar results are obtained when such a toner is used for developing a magnetic image.
  • Example I The procedure of Example I is repeated with the exception that a propoxylated bisphenol fumarate resin having a melt index of approximately 18 is used (volume average particle size was about 8.5 pm), and substantially similar results were obtained when such a toner was used for developing a magnetic image.
  • Example IV The procedure of Example IV is repeated with the exception that a toner consisting of 59 parts by weight of the propoxylated bisphenol fumarate resin, having a melt index of 18, and 41 parts by weight of the Mapico Black magnetite is prepared by conventional milling and jetting.
  • the resulting toner has a volume average particle size of about 8.0 um.
  • This toner when used in a magnetic imaging system for developing magnetic images, produces images of uniform, high optical density and excellent resolution. Excellent fixing of these images is obtained for flash fusing input energies from about 0.62 J/cm 2 to about 1.00 J/cm 2 .
  • the resulting black toner material has a volume average particle size of about 12.5 ⁇ m.
  • This material is subsequently dry blended with about 0.4 percent by weight of a flow additive, Silanox 101, commercially available from Cabot Company, to produce a free-flowing, magnetic developer.
  • the procedure V is repeated with the exception that the magnetic pigment used was the acicular magnetite, MO-4431, commercially available from the Pigments Division of Pfizer Corporation.
  • the toner (volume average particle size was about 13.7 pm), when used in a magnetic imaging system for developing magnetic images, produced images of uniform, high optical density and excellent resolution. Adequate fixing of these images is obtained for flash fusing input energies from about 0.93 J/cm 2 to about 1.32 J/cm 2 .
  • Each of the above toners when used in a magnetic imaging system, produces images of uniform, high optical density and excellent resolution.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Magnetischer Einkomponenten-Toner, umfassend 25 bis 50 Gew.-% eines Harzes, das ein polymeres Veresterungs-Kondensationsprodukt ist aus 2,2 - Bis(4 - hydroxy - isopropoxy - phenyl)propan und Fumarsäure; 2,2 - Bis(4 - hydroxy - isopropoxy - phenyl)propan und 2,2 - Dimethyl - fumarsäure; 2,2 - Bis(4 - hydroxy - butoxy - phenyl)propan und Fumarsäure; 2,2 - Bis(4 - hydroxy - butoxy - phenyl)propan und 2,2 - Dimethylfumarsäure; 2,2 - Bis(4 - hydroxy - ethoxy - phenyl)propan und Fumarsäure; 2,2 - Bis(3 - methyl - 4 - beta - hydroxy- ethoxyphenyl)propan und Maleinsäureanhydrid oder 2,2 - Bis(4 - hydroxy - isopropoxy- phenyl)propan und Itaconsäure und 75 bis 50 Gew.-% Magnetit.
2. Magnetischer Toner nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Magnetit in einer Menge von 65 Gew.-% vorliegt.
3. Magnetischer Toner nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, beinhaltend ein Pulverfließmittel, wie Fumed Silica oder Zinkstearat.
4. Magnetischer Toner nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Tonerteilchendurchmesser im Bereich von 3 bis 20 um liegen.
5. Toner nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Tonerteilchendurchmesser im Bereich von 6 bis 9 pm liegen.
EP81300371A 1980-01-28 1981-01-28 Magnetischer Toner und ihn verwendendes Entwicklungsverfahren Expired EP0033248B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/115,974 US4288516A (en) 1980-01-28 1980-01-28 Polyester resin containing magnetic toner material and process for its use in flash fuser
US115974 1980-01-28
US06/115,973 US4271248A (en) 1980-01-28 1980-01-28 Magnetic latent image toner material and process for its use in flash fusing developing
US115973 1993-09-03

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84201209A Division EP0136744A3 (de) 1980-01-28 1981-01-28 Verfahren zum Entwickeln von latenten magnetischen Bildern
EP84201209.8 Division-Into 1984-08-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0033248A1 EP0033248A1 (de) 1981-08-05
EP0033248B1 true EP0033248B1 (de) 1986-03-19

Family

ID=26813773

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84201209A Withdrawn EP0136744A3 (de) 1980-01-28 1981-01-28 Verfahren zum Entwickeln von latenten magnetischen Bildern
EP81300371A Expired EP0033248B1 (de) 1980-01-28 1981-01-28 Magnetischer Toner und ihn verwendendes Entwicklungsverfahren

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84201209A Withdrawn EP0136744A3 (de) 1980-01-28 1981-01-28 Verfahren zum Entwickeln von latenten magnetischen Bildern

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EP (2) EP0136744A3 (de)
DE (1) DE3174121D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4634649A (en) * 1980-12-24 1987-01-06 Xerox Corporation Developer compositions
JPS5938754A (ja) * 1982-08-30 1984-03-02 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd 熱ローラ定着方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3590000A (en) * 1967-06-05 1971-06-29 Xerox Corp Solid developer for latent electrostatic images
US3627682A (en) * 1968-10-16 1971-12-14 Du Pont Encapsulated particulate binary magnetic toners for developing images

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR7017882D0 (pt) * 1969-05-28 1973-01-25 Xerox Corp Material revelador eletrogragico e processo de formacao de imagens que usam o mesmo
US4031021A (en) * 1974-03-25 1977-06-21 Deming Philip H Magnetic toner compositions

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3590000A (en) * 1967-06-05 1971-06-29 Xerox Corp Solid developer for latent electrostatic images
US3627682A (en) * 1968-10-16 1971-12-14 Du Pont Encapsulated particulate binary magnetic toners for developing images

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0136744A2 (de) 1985-04-10
EP0136744A3 (de) 1987-09-02
EP0033248A1 (de) 1981-08-05
DE3174121D1 (en) 1986-04-24

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