EP0017127B1 - Verfahren zum Fraktionieren von Blut und Trennvorrichtung hierfür - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Fraktionieren von Blut und Trennvorrichtung hierfür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0017127B1
EP0017127B1 EP19800101547 EP80101547A EP0017127B1 EP 0017127 B1 EP0017127 B1 EP 0017127B1 EP 19800101547 EP19800101547 EP 19800101547 EP 80101547 A EP80101547 A EP 80101547A EP 0017127 B1 EP0017127 B1 EP 0017127B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blood
porous member
barrier
elastic porous
tube
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Expired
Application number
EP19800101547
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0017127A2 (de
EP0017127A3 (en
Inventor
Tatsuhiko Ikeda
Sohichiro Terada
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Terumo Corp
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Terumo Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP54033943A external-priority patent/JPS5917386B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP3521580A external-priority patent/JPS56130656A/ja
Application filed by Terumo Corp filed Critical Terumo Corp
Priority to AT80101547T priority Critical patent/ATE11378T1/de
Publication of EP0017127A2 publication Critical patent/EP0017127A2/de
Publication of EP0017127A3 publication Critical patent/EP0017127A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0017127B1 publication Critical patent/EP0017127B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5021—Test tubes specially adapted for centrifugation purposes
    • B01L3/50215—Test tubes specially adapted for centrifugation purposes using a float to separate phases

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for separating blood collected in a blood-collecting tube into a serum part and a solid component part by centrifugation, as defined in the preamble of claim 1. Further, this invention relates to a barrier used for such method.
  • blood is generally separated by centrifugation into serum and cellular solid matters such as blood corpuscles, and only the serum is collected for analysis and examination.
  • serum and cellular solid matters such as blood corpuscles
  • material such as gel material composed of silicone-silica which has an intermediate specific gravity between those of the serum and cellular solid matters is put in the test tube, the gel material is interposed between the serum and cellular matters by centrifugation, and the serum is separated by decantation. In this case, however, it is difficult to perfectly prevent fibrin and other solid matters from being mixed in the serum.
  • a piston member in which a solid weight for specific gravity adjustment is coupled with a flexible filter member which is large enough to be in slidable contact with the inside wall of a blood-collecting tube, and having a specific gravity of from 1.03 to 1.09 as a whole is inserted in the blood-collecting tube (United States Patent No. 3,931,018).
  • a specific gravity of from 1.03 to 1.09 as a whole is inserted in the blood-collecting tube
  • a porous barrier having a pore size of about 70 to 300 ,um. Further, in US-A-3 960 727 a filter member is described having pore sizes of ca. 50 p or less.
  • both documents disclose only columnar disc-like barriers having the same diameters at both lower and upper portions.
  • the disc-like barrier is thin, so the resistance of blood clot passing through the barrier is low.
  • the barrier has a smaller diameter than the blood tube, so the separated serum is apt to mix with blood corpuscles through a gap along the side surface thereof. Therefore, it is necessary to control the specific gravity precisely, and to coat the barrier with a hydrophobic film.
  • US-A-3,931,018 discloses a columnar disc-like barrier having the same diameter at both lower and upper portions and having a mass attached to the disc by a bolt. This mass serves to stabilize the barrier and to prevent tumbling. However, this barrier is difficult to manufacture.
  • the invention as claimed is intended to provide a remedy by a method for separating blood, and a device therefore capable of simplifying manufacture and reducing production costs without any possibility of causing blood cells, fibrin, and other solid matters to be mixed with serum.
  • a barrier for centrifugation of blood to be introduced into a blood-collecting tube and having an overal true specific gravity greater than that of serum comprising an elastic porous member which is characterized in that said elastic porous member has a porosity of 40% or more, a continuous-pore size of 50 to 400%, the pores being thermally treated for dissolving a filmy material formed around the pores in the foaming step of fabrication thereof, and a cross-section at an upper portion of the barrier coming into contact with the inside wall of the tube which is substantially larger than the cross-section at a lower portion thereof.
  • the barrier according to the present invention contacts the inner wall of the tube at the upper portion and does not contact that of the tube at the lower portion, and has larger contact surface with blood.
  • said elastic porous member is formed in the shape of a truncated cone and is bottomed with a hard layer, and the overall specific gravity of said elastic porous member including said hard layer is greater than that of said serum part.
  • the center of gravity moves to the bottom, whereby ensuring the descending movement of the barrier, and causing it to move stably during centrifugation.
  • One point of this invention resides in that an elastic member with continuous pores of a specified size is used with a blood collecting tube. Another point of the invention is that, although the true specific gravity of the barrier formed of such elastic member need be greater than that of serum it need not always be smaller than that of the solid-phase part of the blood in separating the serum, unless hemolysis is caused. This may be attributed to the fact the whole or principal part of the barrier of the invention, being a porous member, may have extremely small mass (e.g. 100 to 300 mg).
  • the elastic porous member constituting at least the principal part of the barrier of the invention may be formed of elastic plastics foam, such as polyurethane foam, rubber foam (e.g. silicone rubber latex), polyvinyl chloride foam, polyformal resin, having porosity of 40% or more, preferably 97 to 98%, and a continuous-pore size of 50 to 400 ⁇ m, preferably 250 to 400 ⁇ m. If porosity and pore size are smaller than those as specified, the isolation of the serum would not be obtained in the ordinary centrifugal operation of 1000 to 1200 G for 10 minutes. And centrifugation under the condition exceeding the above condition of the centrifugal operation would give rise to hemolysis. A pore size of more than 400 ⁇ m is not desirable, since blood corpuscles would pass through a foam of such a large pore size, thereby contaminating the serum phase obtained.
  • elastic plastics foam such as polyurethane foam, rubber foam (e.g. silicone rubber latex), polyvinyl chloride foam, polyformal resin,
  • the 25% compressive hardness (JIS K-6401 Tst Method established in 1974) of the barrier should preferably be 5 to 150 kg/cm 2 .
  • the barrier of the invention should be hydrophilic by nature or be made hydrophilic by some treatment for hydrophilicity. Such hydrophilic property is preferred because it will enable the serum to quickly penetrate the pores when the barrier is brought in contact with the blood, thereby facilitating the movement of the barrier.
  • Elastic porous no-woven cloth may also be useful as far as the pores thereof substantially meet the above conditions.
  • the overall specific gravity of the barrier should preferably be adjusted to 1.2 or more, more preferably to from 1.2 to 1.4.
  • the barrier may be of any shape as long as at least an upper part of the barrier has a cross-section a little larger than that of a blood-collecting tube for centrifugation used with the barrier and the lower part of the barrier has a cross-section a little smaller than that of the blood-collecting tube, so that the outer periphery of the large-diameter portion of the barrier may rub against the inside wall of the tube during centrifugation.
  • a single elastic porous member can be directly used for the barrier.
  • the outer peripheral portion of the barrier may be coated with silicone, or two or more elastic porous members may be combined with one another or with other materials.
  • a tube member with the outside diameter somewhat smaller than the inside diameter of the blood-collecting tube used e.g. a plastic tube
  • a tube member with the outside diameter somewhat smaller than the inside diameter of the blood-collecting tube used, e.g. a plastic tube
  • the tube member may be formed of any thermally contractive material, such as polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polyester, polycarbonate, polyurethane or ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer.
  • a columnar elastic porous member in the form of e.g. a truncated cone which has cross- sections substantially larger and smaller than that of the interior of the blood-collecting tube used, at its upper and lower portion, respectively, and is bottomed with a solid or porous hard layer.
  • the hard layer may be formed by impregnating relatively hard plastic into the bottom portion of the porous member and solidifying the plastic, or by glueing a solid or porous, relatively hard plastic sheet to the bottom portion.
  • the barrier of such construction exhibits extremely large deformation resistance during centrifugation, so that it may be prevented from turning sideways or being distorted while sliding down the tube thereby ensuring the descending movement of the barrier in a properly erected state during centrifugation.
  • the shape of the final product may be obtained directly by stamping out a truncated- cone-shaped member after glueing a hard plastic sheet to one side of an elastic porous sheet or after impregnating a solution of hard plastic into the porous sheet to a predetermined thickness, so that the manufacture of the barrier may be simplified substantially, so as to permit for reduction in production cost.
  • the porous member may be joined with the tube member, or hard plastic sheet by using adhesives, heat sealing or any other suitable means.
  • the materials and designs for these members should be selected so that a relationship may be obtained where the volume and specific gravity of the elastic porous member are X and d respectively, the volume and specific gravity of the additional member are Y and d' respectively, and the overall specific gravity required is A.
  • the barrier is introduced into the blood-collecting tube before or after collecting the blood, the blood is centrifuged, and then the serum part is easily separated by decantation.
  • the pores of the barrier 23 are substantially filled with the serum and the barrier 23 is further moved down until it is finally held substantially midway between a serum layer and a solid component layer.
  • solid constituents such as blood corpuscles and fibrin are trapped in the pores of the barrier 23 and will never be mixed with the serum. This is ensured because the solid constituents are retained in the continuous pores of the barrier 23 the framework of which has a complicated three-dimensional structure.
  • the barrier 23 slides relatively slowly down the inside wall of the blood-collecting tube 21 by its elasticity, so that blood corpuscles, fibrin, etc. stuck to the inside wall can be cleared or swept away substantially thoroughly. As a result, there may be obtained serum which does not contain blood corpuscles, fibrin or any other solid matters.
  • the barrier 23 stopped at the interfacial position sticks fast to the inside wall of the blood-collecting tube 21 by its own elasticity, pressing against the inside wall, so that only the serum part can be separated by decantation.
  • the barrier of this invention may be inserted into the blood-collecting tube prior to centrifugation after blood collection, or otherwise be held in the tube beforehand.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of the latter case.
  • a barrier 23 having an annular hard layer 27 on its bottom is held by a rubber stopper 24 within a vacuum blood-collecting tube 21 the inside of which is kept at a vacuum. That is, the rubber stopper 24 has a cavity 25 in the lower end, while the barrier 23 has on its top a truncated cone-shaped projection 26 with the outside diameter larger than the diameter of the cavity 25.
  • the projection 26 is fitted and held in the cavity 25 so that the barrier 23 will not be removed from the rubber stopper 24 if the stopper 24 is pierced with a needle for blood collection.
  • a barrier may be fixed to one end of a blood-collecting tube sealed with a rubber stopper at each end, the one end being opposite to the blood intake side of the tube.
  • Figures 2 to 9 illustrate the respective shapes of several modifications of the barrier.
  • a barrier (42) (Figure 2) with a pair of parallel annular flanges 41; a barrier 62 ( Figure 3) similar to the barrier of Figure 2 but with a cavity 51 on one side thereof; a barrier 82 ( Figure 4) tapered at the lower portion; a barrier ( Figure 5) of the same structure of Figure 4 but with the cavity 51; a barrier formed by fitting a small-diameter tube member 100 on the lower peripheral surface of the columnar porous member 31 as shown in Figure 6(A) to restrict the lower portion of the porous member 31 as shown in Figure 6(B) so as to reduce the area of contact with the blood-collecting tube; a barrier ( Figure 7) of the same structure of Figures 6(A) and 6(B) but with the cavity 51; and a barrier 112 formed by bonding a hard layer 11 to one small-diameter end of an elastic porous member 110 substantially in the form of a truncated cone as shown in Figures 8
  • Available materials for the hard layer 111 include plastics such as polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polyester, polycarbonate, and polyurethane, fluorine-contained polymers and other organic and inorganic substances. These materials should be hard and have a small contact resistance relative to the blood-collecting tube. Alternatively, hard layer may be porous such as mesh-like.
  • the thickness of the hard layer preferably ranges from 0.1 mm to 5.0 mm, and more preferably from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm.
  • the barrier shape may lend itself to various modifications.
  • the barrier should have porosity, pore size, and apparent or real specific gravity within prescribed ranges, and be of such suitable size that an upper portion thereof may rub against the inside wall of the blood-collecting tube when it slides thereon during centrifugation.
  • the barrier being a simple elastic porous member with or without a plastic tube member or a hard layer attached thereto, is so simple in construction that it can be manufactured very easily at reasonable cost. Since the elastic porous member transmits only the serum to be separated, there may be obtained pure serum containing no solid matters such as blood corpuscles and fibrin.
  • a test for separating serum from blood was conducted by using the barrier 31 shown in Figure 6.
  • Polyurethane foam with a porosity of 98%, a pore size of 300 ⁇ m, a true specific gravity of 1.2, a 25% compressive hardness (based on KIS-K-6401 Test Method) of 20 kg/cm 2 , and a number of barrier cells, i.e. the number of the pores on an optimal line at a cut surface when the barrier is cut, of approximately 75/25 mm was used for the barrier. Since the framework of the polyurethane foam has continuous pores of complicated three-dimensional structure and reduces the passage resistance of serum it had previously been removed by thermally dissolving filmy material formed around the pores at foaming, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No.
  • the tube 100 of 3 mm height, 12.2 mm inside diameter and 13.0 mm outside diameter was fitted on the lower portion of the columnar porous member 31 (polyurethane foam) of 13.7 mm diameter and 12 mm height.
  • the tube 100 was made of polyethylene, and was provided at the bottom end with an abutment portion (not shown) to engage the bottom end of the porous member 31.
  • This barrier was inserted through the opening of the blood-collecting tube containing blood, which had been kept at normal temperature for 60 minutes, to a depth where the barrier touched the blood surface. After leaving the barrier to stand for a while, centrifugation was carried out under normal conditions so that the centrifugal force at the central portion of the blood-collecting tube might become approximately 1200 G. In this case, there was noticed no eduction of fibrin.
  • the yield of serum proved to be approximately 4.0 ml.
  • the outside diameter of the tube 100 was smaller than the inside diameter of the blood-collecting tube, and the upper side wall of the porous member 31 was so designed as to form a slope. Therefore, the barrier touched the inside wall of the blood-collecting tube only at the opening portion thereof when it was fitted in the tube. Consequently, the barrier was never prevented from descending by the viscosity of blood sticking to the upper portion of the inside wall of the blood-collecting tube after being left to stand for a while.
  • the barrier shown in Figure 7 was manufactured to obtain the same effect as the barrier of Example 1 and to maximize the yield of serum.
  • the porous member 31 used was just the same as the porous member used in Example 1 in material, dimensions and shape, except that it was provided with the cavity 51 defined therein at the lower portion.
  • the tube 100 made of thermally contractive polyvinyl chloride was fitted on the lower portion of the porous member 31.
  • the tube 100 measured about 13 jM m in thickness, 12.0 mm in outside diameter, and 6 mm in height when it was fitted on the porous member 31.
  • the bottom end of the tube 100 and the bottom joint part of the porous member 31 were bonded together at several portions by thermal fusion.
  • Serum separation was conducted in the same manner as Example 1 by using the barrier 112 consisting of the elastic porous member 110 which is formed of the same polyurethane foam of Example 1 and has the form of a truncated cone as shown in Figures 8 and 9, measuring 15.5 mm in diameter across the upper large-diameter section, 12.8 mm in diameter across the lower small-diameter section, and 9 mm in height, and the hard layer 111 which is formed of a hard polyvinyl chloride film of 200 ⁇ m thickness bonded to the bottom face of the porous member 110.
  • the barrier 112 consisting of the elastic porous member 110 which is formed of the same polyurethane foam of Example 1 and has the form of a truncated cone as shown in Figures 8 and 9, measuring 15.5 mm in diameter across the upper large-diameter section, 12.8 mm in diameter across the lower small-diameter section, and 9 mm in height, and the hard layer 111 which is formed of a hard polyvinyl chloride

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Claims (18)

1. Verfahren zum Fraktionieren (Trennen) von in einem Blutsammelkolben gesammeltem Blut in einen Serumteil und einen Festkomponententeil durch Zentrifugieren, wobei eine Sperre, die ein gesamtes, echtes (tatsächliches) spezifisches Gewicht größer als dasjenige des Serumteils besitzt und ein elastisches poröses Element aufweist, in einen oberen Teil des Blutsammelkolbens eingesetzt wird, das elastische poröse Elemente unter der beim Zentrifugieren des Bluts erzeugten Fliehkraft zur Grenzfläche zwischen einer Serumteilschicht und einer Festkomponentenschicht im Blut verlagert wird und das Serum im Blut abgetrennt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elastische poröse Element eine Porosität von 40% oder mehr, eine Größe der durchgehenden Poren von 50-400 pm, wobei die Poren zum Auflösen eines im Aufschäumschritt bei der Herstellung (des Elements) um die Poren herum gebildeten filmartigen Materials wärmebehandelt worden sind, und an dem mit der Innenwand des Kolbens in Berührung gelagenden oberen Abschnitt der Sperre und senkrecht zu deren Längsrichtung einen Querschnitt, der größer ist als derjenige des Blutsammelkolbens, und in einem unteren Abschnitt und senkrecht zu seiner Axialrichtung einen Querschnitt, der kleiner ist als derjenige des Blutsammelkolbens, aufweist.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elastische poröse Element im voraus in dem unter einem Unterdruck gehaltenen Blutsammelkolben fest angeordnet wird, bevor das Blut im Blutsammelkolben gesammelt wird.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Festlegungsstelle des elastischen porösen Elements im Blutsammelkolben am einen Ende des Kolbens an dessen Bluteinlaßseite liegt.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Festlegungsstelle des elastischen porösen Elements im Blutsammelkolben am anderen, von der Bluteinlaßseite abgewandten Ende des Kolbens liegt.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elastische poröse Element in den Blutsammelkolben eingesetzt wird, nachdem das Blut im Kolben gesammelt worden ist.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Rohrelement mit einem kleineren Außendurchmesser als der Innendurchmesser des Blutsammelkolbens auf einen Teil der Umfangsseite des elastischen porösen Elements aufgesetzt ist, wobei die Kombination aus dem Rohrelement und dem elastischen porösen Element ein größeres echtes (tatsächliches) spezifisches Gewicht besitzt als der Serumteil.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das echte (tatsächliche) spezifische Gewicht des elastischen porösen Elements größer ist als dasjenige des Serumteils und auch größer als dasjenige des Festkomponententeils im Blut, und zwar um einen solchen Betrag, daß beim Zentrifugieren praktisch keine Hämolyse der Festkomponentenschicht auftritt.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das echte (tatsächliche) spezifische Gewicht der Kombination aus dem Rohrelement und dem elastischen porösen Element um einen solchen Betrag größer ist als dasjenige des Serumteils und auch des Festkomponententeils im Blut, daß beim Zentrifugieren praktisch keine Hämolyse der Festkomponentenschicht auftritt.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elastische poröse Element als Kegelstumpf, der bodenseitig mit einer harten Schicht belegt ist, ausgeführt ist und daß das gesamte spezifische Gewicht des elastischen porösen Elements einschließlich der harten Schicht größer ist als dasjenige des Serumteils.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das gesamte echte (tatsächliche) spezifische Gewicht der Sperre größer is als dasjenige von Blutkörperchen.
11. Sperre für das Zentrifugieren von in einen Blutsammelkolben einzubringendem Blut, mit einem gesamten echten (tatsächlichen) spezifischen Gewicht, das größer ist als dasjenige von (Blut-)Serum, umfassend ein elastisches poröses Element (23, 31, 42, 62, 82, 110), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elastische poröse Element eine Porosität von 40% oder mehr, eine Größe der durchgehenden Poren von 50-400 µm, wobei die Poren zum Auflösen eines im Aufschäumschritt bei der Herstellung (des Elements) um die Poren herum gebildeten filmartigen Materials wärmebehandelt worden sind, und an dem mit der Innenwand des Kolbens in Berührung gelangenden oberen Abschnitt der Sperre einen Querschnitt, der wesentlich größer ist als der Querschnitt an seinem unteren Abschnitt, aufweist.
12. Sperre nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Rohrelement (100) mit einem kleineren Außendurchmesser als dem Innendurchmesser des Blutsammelkolbens (1) auf einen Teil der Umfangsseite (oder -fläche) des elastischen porösen Elements (31) aufgesetzt ist, wobei di Kombination aus dem Rohrelement (100) und dem elastischen porösen Element (31) ein größeres echtes (tatsächliches) spezifisches Gewicht besitzt als der Serumteil.
13. Sperre nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elastische poröse Element (42, 74) einen oder mehrere, an seiner Umfangsfläche ausgebildete umlaufende oder ringförmige Vorsprünge (41, 71) aufweist.
14. Sperre nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elastische poröse Element (3, 24, 31, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82, 92, 110) aus elastischem Kunstschaum hergestellt ist.
15. Sperre nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elastische poröse Element (82 oder 110) kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildet und bodenseitig mit einer harten Schicht (111) abgeschlossen ist und daß das gesamte spezifische Gewicht des elastischen porösen Elements (82 oder 110), einschließlich der harten Schicht (1 1 1 größer ist als dasjenige des Serumteils.
16. Sperre nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die harte Schicht (11) aus hartem Kunststoff gebildet ist, der durch Imprägnieren in den Bodenteil des elastischen porösen Elements (z.B. 110) eingebracht und verfestigt worden ist.
17. Sperre nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die harte Schicht (111) aus einer an der Bodenfläche des elastischen porösen Elements (z.B. 110) angebrachten Hartkunststoff-Folie gebildet ist.
18. Sperre nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die harte Schicht (111) aus einem an der Bodenfläche des elastischen porösen Elements (z.B. 110) angebrachten Hartkunststoff-Maschengewebe oder -Gitter gebildet ist.
EP19800101547 1979-03-23 1980-03-24 Verfahren zum Fraktionieren von Blut und Trennvorrichtung hierfür Expired EP0017127B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80101547T ATE11378T1 (de) 1979-03-23 1980-03-24 Verfahren zum fraktionieren von blut und trennvorrichtung hierfuer.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP33943/79 1979-03-23
JP54033943A JPS5917386B2 (ja) 1979-03-23 1979-03-23 血液分離方法および装置
JP3521580A JPS56130656A (en) 1980-03-19 1980-03-19 Barrier for blood centrifugation
JP35215/80 1980-03-19

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EP0017127A2 EP0017127A2 (de) 1980-10-15
EP0017127A3 EP0017127A3 (en) 1980-12-10
EP0017127B1 true EP0017127B1 (de) 1985-01-23

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AU (1) AU542204B2 (de)
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US20120223027A1 (en) * 2011-03-02 2012-09-06 Jonathan Lundt Tube and float systems
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AU5678680A (en) 1980-09-25
EP0017127A2 (de) 1980-10-15
AU542204B2 (en) 1985-02-14
EP0017127A3 (en) 1980-12-10
DE3069996D1 (en) 1985-03-07

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