EP0006055B1 - Cellule de bâtiment formée d'éléments préfabriqués - Google Patents

Cellule de bâtiment formée d'éléments préfabriqués Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0006055B1
EP0006055B1 EP79400332A EP79400332A EP0006055B1 EP 0006055 B1 EP0006055 B1 EP 0006055B1 EP 79400332 A EP79400332 A EP 79400332A EP 79400332 A EP79400332 A EP 79400332A EP 0006055 B1 EP0006055 B1 EP 0006055B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
members
platform
unit according
floor
floor platform
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79400332A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0006055A1 (fr
Inventor
Simon Paul André Israel
Henri Louis Maximin Crosnier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STRONG HOUSE INTERNATIONAL Inc
Original Assignee
STRONG HOUSE INTERNATIONAL Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by STRONG HOUSE INTERNATIONAL Inc filed Critical STRONG HOUSE INTERNATIONAL Inc
Priority to AT79400332T priority Critical patent/ATE4427T1/de
Publication of EP0006055A1 publication Critical patent/EP0006055A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0006055B1 publication Critical patent/EP0006055B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability
    • E04B1/3408—Extraordinarily-supported small buildings
    • E04B1/3412—Extraordinarily-supported small buildings mainly supported by a central column or footing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a building cell comprising a rectangular floor plate carried exclusively by a single foundation plinth comprising for this purpose, in its upper part, four anchoring zones arranged along the vertices of a horizontal rectangle whose dimensions are significantly smaller than those of this plate, and a roof plate having the same shape and same dimensions as the floor plate and supported by a vertical tubular post disposed directly above the base and integral with the floor plate.
  • This cell is intended to constitute by itself or by assembly with one or more other cells attached to one another a building, for example for residential use.
  • Such a cell the elements of which other than the base are preferably made of metal and which is known from patent FR-A-1 479 312, of which the present invention is a development, has in particular the advantages of being easy to assemble and , due to the small dimensions of its base, to require only a minimum of soil preparation, which allows it to be set up economically on uneven ground which would require considerable earthworks with a conventional foundation.
  • the cell according to the invention is characterized in that the rectangular floor plate, which carries the post, is exclusively supported by a chassis of underlying rigidity, rectangular and horizontal, the two dimensions of which are smaller than those of the floor plate and which is itself rigidly fixed on the foundation plinth so as to adjust its height to the four anchoring zones which define a rectangle with respect to which the chassis and the floor plate are centered, said rectangle having in the longitudinal direction of the chassis a dimension less than the length of the latter.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to produce in the lower part a rigid stepped structure comprising the lower plate and the chassis assembled with the base which, in the direction of the length of the plate, somehow defines a composite beam with variable inertia and of equal resistance.
  • the intermediate frame thus assumes a rigidity function since, while transmitting the loads to the foundation plinth, it absorbs most of the stresses due to the excess length of the low plate compared to the rectangle formed by the anchoring zones of the plinth, so that the residual overhang of the platform with respect to the underlying chassis is weak and requires barely more material than is necessary for the low platform to play its supporting role with respect to the floor and vertical closing panels possibly provided on all or part of the contour of the cell.
  • the lightening of the bottom plate thus obtained has itself a favorable influence on the problems of handling and transport of the prefabricated elements of each cell, which are preferably made of steel, excluding the base, normally made of concrete, so which the invention makes it possible to envisage the transport, in particular by road, at an attractive cost, even at long distance, of the cell elements for the construction of residential buildings, or for collective use, in distant and little industrialized regions, in sites where it is sufficient to have lifting equipment of low power.
  • the anchoring zones of the base are advantageously constituted by four vertical threaded rods, to which can be fixed by means of nuts, at an adjustable level and under conditions which make it possible to obtain perfect horizontality, corresponding points of the chassis. rigidity preferably located at the right of two crosspieces of the latter.
  • the floor plate itself is preferably constituted by a grid formed of side members and cross members, some of the nodes of which, for example six in number, define bolting points on the underlying chassis.
  • the through holes in the chassis of the threaded rods of the base and the plate assembly bolts have an oblong orientation shape appropriate.
  • a cross-shaped trimmer in a central rectangle of the plate is disposed a cross-shaped trimmer, the node of which is occupied by a vertical socket in which is fitted and fixed by flanges the lower part of the post supporting the roof plate.
  • the two plates of a cell are, in a finished building, normally braced by closure panels mounted in one or more of its faces and / or by adjacent cells, themselves braced by contour panels and whose plates are bolted to each other and to those of the first cell at each level.
  • the invention provides for the relative positioning of the two plates of each cell and for their temporary bracing of bolts on the respective plates.
  • the fixing of the panels on each large face of the cell which must be provided with them is then carried out on either side of a central panel put in place first, each panel being fixed to the two plates at four points located near the respective angles of the panel, so that all of the panels lining the same face constitute with the plates a system equivalent to a rigorously non-deformable beam.
  • FR-A-2 104 951 a construction resting on three supports provided with adjustment jacks, plumb with which three pillars to which the front panels are fixed connect to each other a lower floor frame and an upper roof frame.
  • the lower frame which constitutes a triangular slab resting directly by its vertices on the respective supports, without there being a cantilever part, is of constant height.
  • the known construction is not "modular", in the sense that it does not allow the assembly of juxtaposed elementary units.
  • FR-A-2 034 179 describes a construction process using elements produced in heavy prefabrication, according to which the foundation comprises a reinforced concrete footing with which are joined concrete dice comprising pedestals which delimit U-shaped depressions for the guidance, centering and support of vertical basement panels whose position is determined by positioning studs engaged in the dice. The upper face of the piers remains uncovered in the finished construction.
  • the building cell represented in FIG. 1 comprises a foundation base 1, which is supposed to rest on the ground by means of a layer of cleanliness concrete 2, or of a form of sand, and the upper part of which comprises four anchoring zones 3 arranged along the vertices of a rectangle, into which is bolted a frame of rigidity 5, of steel, also of rectangular shape and whose longitudinal dimension is clearly greater than that of the corresponding side of the rectangle formed by the anchoring zones 3, so that this chassis has a significant overhang on either side of the base 1.
  • a floor plate 6, of steel On the top of the rigidity chassis 5 is fixed by bolting a floor plate 6, of steel , also rectangular, but whose two dimensions are greater than those of the rigidity frame 5, so that on its four sides this plate, which has the same longitudinal direction as the frame 5, has a certain overhang by compared to him.
  • a vertical tubular post 7 In the center of the plate 6 is fixed the foot of a vertical tubular post 7, the upper end of which is secured to a roof plate 8, also made of steel, which has the same dimensions and the same orientation as the floor plate 6 and which supports a cover tank 9, the low point 11 of which is located directly above the central post 7, which can thus be used for the evacuation of rainwater.
  • the post 7 is also centered relative to the frame 5 and to the base 1.
  • the cell shown in Figure 1 is assumed to be closed along three of its sides by a wall formed of contour panels 12, the upper end of which is covered by a flap 13 which is part of a cover 14 arranged to overlap by relative to the sides of the cover pan 9.
  • the foundation plinth 1 is a molded concrete assembly, prefabricated or not, which comprises two feet 16 joined together at their lower part by a sole 17.
  • Each foot 16 has a trapezoidal cutout 18 which makes it possible to lighten the base and, if necessary, to pass pipes for the building service.
  • a threaded anchor rod 21, embedded in the concrete which makes it possible to block at an adjustable level, by means of nuts 22, the stiffness frame 5.
  • Last which is formed by the assembly of U-shaped profiles comprising two longitudinal members 23, two end cross members 24 and two intermediate cross members 26, comprises for this purpose, on the external face of the core of each longitudinal member 23, in line with the cross members intermediate 26, a cradle 27 in the lower plate 28 which is provided with an oblong hole 29 whose large dimension is oriented parallel to the length of the frame 5 for the passage of the threaded rods 21.
  • the floor plate 6 is itself constituted by the assembly of U-shaped profiles comprising two edge rails 31, two intermediate rails 32, two end cross members 33 and four intermediate cross members 34.
  • the latter comprises on the external face of each of its longitudinal members three cradles 36 located respectively to the right of the two intermediate crosspieces 34 closest to the ends 33, and to the right of the center of the rectangle formed by the chassis.
  • Assembly bolts pass through an oblong hole 37 oriented transversely, that is to say parallel to the short sides of the rectangles formed by the frame 5 and the plate 6, in an upper plate 38 of the cradles, these bolts also passing through either l lower wing of the corresponding intermediate crosspieces 34, ie the adjacent plate of a cradle 39 fixed in the central position on the intermediate beams 32 of the plate 6.
  • the presence of the oblong holes 37 makes it possible to adjust the position of the plate 6 relative to the chassis of stiffness 5 in the direction parallel to the short sides of the frame and the plate, with relative centering.
  • a cross-shaped chevron made up of profiled elements in 1 41 welded, on the one hand to the side members 32 and to the corresponding crosspieces 34, and on the other hand to the external face of a central bush 42 in which is fitted the lower end 43, of conical shape, of the central post 7, which has a flange 44 bolted. on a counter-flange 46 of the sleeve.
  • the roof plate 8 which is similar in construction to that of the floor plate 6, is itself fixed to the upper end of the post 7 by bolting flanges 47 welded to the end of the post with a counter flange 48 integral with the 'a socket 49 fixed, like the socket 42 of the floor plate 6, in the center of a trimmer formed of 1-piece elements 51.
  • this socket is provided at its lower end with a conical guide head 52.
  • the upper end of the sleeve 49, which extends upwards the post 7, is surmounted by a strainer 53 which allows the rainwater collected by the tank cover 9, the bottom of which rests on top of the plate 8, to enter the post 7.
  • the side rails 31 and the end crosspieces 33 can be provided with a heald 54 whose section is that of a U with unequal wings, of which the long wing 56 is bolted to the external face of the core of the corresponding profiles by means of bolts 57 threaded through holes 58 provided for this purpose in the core of the profiles.
  • the core of the contour profiles of the roof plate 8 has holes 59 which allow the passage of bolts 61 for fixing the long wing 62 of brackets 63, the short wing 64 of which is supported and bolted to the upper edge of a panel 12 whose lower edge is supported and bolted to the short wing 66 of the heald 54 (Fig. 7).
  • the bolts 61 of two close brackets 63 are also used for fixing two parallel blades 67 whose upper end is assembled with the horizontal face of a piece of profiled sheet metal 68 shaped so as to inwardly cover the side 69 of the cover pan 9 and outwardly the upper marginal area of the outer face of the panel 12.
  • This piece 68 serves to support and retain the cover 14, the free edges of which are at this bent effect at 71, so as to be hooked elastically on the corresponding edges of the mounting pieces 68, suitably distributed along the corresponding profiles.
  • connection elements 72 of square section
  • connection pieces are also provided at the corners of the cover 14 and at the junction of the cover of a cell with that of an adjacent cell.
  • covers of different profile, forming a joint cover are obviously provided to ensure the right sealing of the contiguous sections of the upper plate of two adjoining cells.
  • FIG. 8 which represents a dwelling comprising four cells
  • the length of a cell that is to say of the corresponding plates 6 and 8 is twice the width, so that it it is possible that the short sides of two cells C 3 , C 4 juxtaposed longitudinally fit exactly along the length of another cell C 2 oriented perpendicular to the previous ones.
  • the assembly is obviously carried out by bolting the contiguous profiles of the floor and roof plates, thanks to the holes 58 and 59 provided in the core of the profiles.
  • vertical junction elements 73 are used.
  • FIG. 9 shows in elevation the two cells C "C 2 of the building in FIG. 8, before the assembly is completed.
  • the foundation base 1 of cell Ci rests on clean concrete 2 poured over the ground, which has been dug and leveled for this purpose.
  • the base 1 of the cell C 2 is assumed to be situated directly above a very irregular rocky area, so that a solid foundation 74 catching up with the unevenness of the ground was sunk before the installation of the base 1.
  • the cells C "C 2 of FIG. 9 are provided with a temporary bracing constituted by bracons 76, which are bolted at their respective ends to the core of the contour profiles of the floor and roof plates 6, 8, thanks to the holes 59 of the core of the profiles, and which serve at the same time to ensure the rigorous alignment of the two plates.
  • FIG. 11 shows, as a variant, a method of assembling the rigidity frame 5 with the threaded anchor rods 21 of the foundation base 1 which provides an anti-seismic effect.
  • an elastic damping ring 78 of the "silent-block” type, is interposed between the plate 8 of the cradle 27 and the nuts and locknuts 22 adjacent to the top 19 of the base 1.
  • the foundation base 1 could comprise two prefabricated pedestals 16 and a connecting sole 17 which would be cast on site.
  • a lifting device provided with a special lifting beam associated with a jig.
  • tubular post 8 could be eccentric, while being located inside the central rectangle defined by the intermediate beams 32 and the cross members 34 closest to the center. The length of the arms 41 of the central trimmer should then be modified accordingly.
  • the roof plate 8 could serve as a base for traditional type roofs, on one or more slopes, with a metal frame and a covering of shingles, tiles, slates or any other material.
  • the floor plate 6 and the roof plate 8 provided with its cover tank 9 are preferably assembled by clamping, forming a couple capable of being handled as such, while ensuring the protection of the fragile elements that are the floor 79 and the ceiling 81, normally incorporated in the factory respectively in the floor plate 6 and in the roof plate 8.
  • Two pairs corresponding to two cells can also be assembled for transport, the two cover tanks 9, relatively fragile, being sandwiched for their protection. Sockets for the handling by means of slings or spreaders of the cell elements and the couples are obviously provided, but are not shown in the drawing.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Led Devices (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
EP79400332A 1978-06-02 1979-05-28 Cellule de bâtiment formée d'éléments préfabriqués Expired EP0006055B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79400332T ATE4427T1 (de) 1978-06-02 1979-05-28 Aus vorgefertigten elementen bestehende raumzelle.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7816586 1978-06-02
FR7816586A FR2427440A1 (fr) 1978-06-02 1978-06-02 Cellule de batiment en elements prefabriques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0006055A1 EP0006055A1 (fr) 1979-12-12
EP0006055B1 true EP0006055B1 (fr) 1983-08-10

Family

ID=9209019

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79400332A Expired EP0006055B1 (fr) 1978-06-02 1979-05-28 Cellule de bâtiment formée d'éléments préfabriqués

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0006055B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS54160011A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE4427T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7903479A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2966047D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2427440A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IN (1) IN150862B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
MA (1) MA18442A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
OA (1) OA06269A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
YU (1) YU128079A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4302871A1 (de) * 1993-02-02 1994-08-04 Schnitzer Johann G Haus aus Fertigbauelementen

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE827408C (de) * 1944-02-25 1952-02-21 Jacob Kuelkens Gebaeude mit einer lastaufnehmenden Tragkonstruktion
FR1479312A (fr) * 1966-03-01 1967-05-05 Dispositif pour la construction d'édifices et procédé en comportant application
FR2034179A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-02-18 1970-12-11 Bcti
FR2104951B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-09-07 1973-11-23 Fabre Guy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2427440A1 (fr) 1979-12-28
FR2427440B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1983-01-21
DE2966047D1 (en) 1983-09-15
MA18442A1 (fr) 1979-12-31
IN150862B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1983-01-01
BR7903479A (pt) 1980-01-15
OA06269A (fr) 1981-06-30
JPS54160011A (en) 1979-12-18
EP0006055A1 (fr) 1979-12-12
YU128079A (en) 1982-10-31
ATE4427T1 (de) 1983-08-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA1287724C (fr) Systeme de construction modulaire d'une structure couverte de grande section et son procede de construction
FR2613403A1 (fr) Pilier, notamment pour constructions a ossature bois et constructions faisant usage de tels piliers
CA1178766A (fr) Systeme de maison prefabriquee de type modulaire et methode pour sa fabrication
EP0174347A1 (fr) Elements de structure et procede de realisation
FR3083831A1 (fr) Tour d'eolienne comprenant une structure de treillis avec des poteaux en bois et une piece de jonction metallique entre le mat de l'eolienne et lesdits poteaux
EP0006055B1 (fr) Cellule de bâtiment formée d'éléments préfabriqués
FR2464339A1 (fr) Systeme de construction d'une ossature de batiment par assemblage d'elements prefabriques en beton
FR3127969A1 (fr) Dispositif modulaire de pose d’un appareillage sur une plateforme
EP0093030B1 (fr) Local enterré, tel que notamment une cave et procédé d'aménagement de celui-ci
FR2929300A1 (fr) Structure metallique de grande portee et son procede de montage
FR2668029A3 (fr) Dispositif pour recouvrir les fosses de plantation d'arbres dans les surfaces de circulation.
FR2901820A1 (fr) Construction prefabriquee modulaire legere, a deux niveaux et a caracteristiques architecturales multiples
FR2743832A1 (fr) Poteau en beton arme pour structure porteuse de batiment et structure de batiment comportant de tels poteaux
EP0321321B1 (fr) Bâtiment à éléments préfabriqués
FR2516968A1 (fr) Ossature de batiment industriel constituee en elements prefabriques de beton arme
EP0147456B1 (fr) Elements prefabriques de coffrage destines a la realisation de murs, procede et dispositif s'y rapportant
FR2746124A1 (fr) Jeu d'elements pour conformer de maniere variable des dispositifs de support et/ou de separation du batiment
EP0767856A1 (fr) Panneau composite, assemblage de panneaux et batiment de type prefabrique construit a l'aide de tels panneaux
CH694702A5 (fr) Construction modulaire comportant au moins quatre montants verticaux et des contreventements.
CH624168A5 (en) Prefabricated covered market made of reinforced concrete elements and method for its construction
FR1401663A (fr) Perfectionnement aux toitures
EP0298863A1 (fr) Structure réticulée plane autoporteuse
FR2674552A1 (fr) Batiment et son procede de fabrication.
WO1991002855A1 (fr) Procede de construction de logements individuels anti-sismiques et anti-cycloniques
FR2627792A1 (fr) Tribunes en gradins couvertes et procedes de construction

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE GB IT LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed
ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE GB IT LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 4427

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19830815

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 2966047

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19830915

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19840529

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19840531

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19840531

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19840630

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19840720

Year of fee payment: 6

26N No opposition filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19841201

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19850523

Year of fee payment: 7

GBDL Gb: delete "european patent ceased" from journal

Free format text: 5001,PAGE 45

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19860528

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19860531

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: STRONG HOUSE INTERNATIONAL INC.

Effective date: 19860531

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19870203

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19881118

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 79400332.7

Effective date: 19850417