EP0004833B1 - Paper-like fibre product and method of manufacturing such a product - Google Patents
Paper-like fibre product and method of manufacturing such a product Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0004833B1 EP0004833B1 EP79850017A EP79850017A EP0004833B1 EP 0004833 B1 EP0004833 B1 EP 0004833B1 EP 79850017 A EP79850017 A EP 79850017A EP 79850017 A EP79850017 A EP 79850017A EP 0004833 B1 EP0004833 B1 EP 0004833B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- glass
- water
- product
- fibre
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 water-glass Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
- D21H13/38—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
- D21H13/40—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous vitreous, e.g. mineral wool, glass fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/68—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new type of fibre product, such as paper, cardboard or the like, and a method of manufacturing such product based on a suspension of treated organic and inorganic fibres.
- inorganic fibres as glass fibre, in paper manufacturing is also familiar to the art, either alone or in combination with fibres of cellulose or other organic substance.
- One major objective of the invention is the manufacture of fibrous products having good wet strength and low porosity through the combination of water-glass - perhaps modified by the addition of some conventional binding-agent, organic or inorganic - inorganic fibres, such as fibres of mineral wool, and organic fibres, e.g. cellulose fibres.
- organic and inorganic fibres with a binding-agent improves both web strength and porosity properties, which the use of cullulose fibres alone will not permit.
- Fibre products made according to the method of the invention also display excellent water-repelling properties. If a high percentage of mineral wool is added, first- rate fire-retarding qualities are achieved along with excellent thermal stability.
- Fibre products manufactured according to the method of the invention are produced from a suspension of treated cellulose fibres to which is added a binding-agent of water-glass. Finally, mineral wool fibres, also in the suspension phase, are added to the suspension of cellulose fibres whereupon the final suspension, or stock, after undergoing further treatment, e.g. the admixture of size, dyestuff, filler and thickener, is dired and pressed to obtain the final product. Glass fibres having a diameter of approx. 7 ,um - standard fibres as used for building insulation - may be used to advantage in the new method.
- the water-glass binder may consist of compounds of silicic acid and sodium or potassium to which carbamide and/or propylene glycol have been added. Good results have been obtained by using e.g. sodium silicate where the mole proportion between sodium oxide and silicon dioxide is 1:3.4-4.1.
- the water-glass binding agent may, furthermore, be modified by some conventional organic or inorganic binder.
- the cellulose pulp which may be bleached or unbleached, used in the manufacture of the product is prepared in advance so as to increase the specific surface of the fibres and allow them to make good contact during the forming of the sheet. This is carried out by conventional means, by mechanical agitation, or “beating", in pulpers, jordan refiners or similar grinding machinery. During this process the cellulose fibres are made somewhat shorter and the fibre bundles are delaminated. Birch, pine or spruce, for example, may be used for the cellulose pulp. In the new method such pulp is suspended in a separate water chest, the mineral wool fibres, from e.g. sheets, slabs or flocs of mineral wool, being suspended in another.
- rejects or waste materal may be used to advantage.
- the water-glass binding-agent is then added to the chest containing the cellulose pulp, after which the contents of the two chest are mixed.
- the mixture so obtained, the stock may then be treated by conventional means, by e.g. the admixture of size, dyestuff, filler and thickener, before continuing to the drying and pressing stages.
- Glass fibres and water are mixed in a pulper for 5 minutes to obtain a suspension or slurry, the amount of glass fibre contained being ten percent by weight of the whole.
- slurries of cellulose fibres usually contain approx. 3-3.5 percent cellulose by weight, thus entailing a fairly high water content when the product is removed to the wire for dewatering.
- a pulp containing a certain amount of glass fibres dries out much faster in the paper machine than does a pure cellulose pulp, and this has economic advantages, for the manufacturing process can thereby be speeded up.
- the glass fibre slurry is removed to a stock chest.
- a three percent cellulose fibre slurry of bleached birch is prepared in another stock chest. To this is added 5% sodium silicate binder calculated on the total amount of glass fibre and cellulose slurry, having a ratio of 3.4 and containing carbamide and propylene glycol.
- the purpose of this binding-agent of water. glass is, on the one hand, to reduce the wettability of the fibres, i.e. to make them more resistant to water, on the other to reduce their pore radius, that is to fill in the pores in the sheet, thereby reducing pore diameter and hindering the penetration of liquids.
- the glass fibre slurry is then added and mixed with the slurry of cellulose fibres and water-glass, the amount of glass fibres contained in the whole being ten percent by weight.
- This mixture of cellulose fibres, glass fibres and water-glass binder is alkaline, i.e. its pH value is between 9.0 and 9.5.
- the pH value of cellulose fibres is usually 4.5 at this stage. No hydrophobic agent or alum is added to the slurry, nor is the temperature raised as in conventional manufacturing methods.
- the slurry mixture so obtained is then passed through a conical refiner and out onto a wire via the head box of a paper machine as in conventional methods.
- a fibre product manufactured by the method described above has several advantages, above all in that its tearing resistance and printability, for e.g. process printing, are excellent, a result of good dimensional stability between the fibres.
- the quality of the product is also well-suited to packaging purposes since deformability is good.
- the paper obtained displayed good dielectric qualities and good resistance to wear and to impact and tensile stresses. Shrinkage and contraction were insignificant.
- the paper made by this method proved to have high resistance to combustion and burning, had high thermal stability and was, furthermore, resistant to mould.
- the fourth test which was also carried out in the same way as the others, included 50% mineral wool fibres, 10% water-glass binder, 5% melamine resin and 35% cellulose fibres.
- paper types rf differing properties may be obtained by varying the proportions of mineral wool fibres, cellulose fibres and water-glass binder.
- mineral wool fibres in the mixture - tests were made with admixtures of up to 95% by weight - paper can be made having exceptionally fine fire-retarding properties.
- the invention is not limited only to fibrous products in the form of relatively thin sheets such as cardboard or the like, but may well be applied to products in the form of felt having a thickness of several centimeters.
- carbamide and propylene glycol were added with the binder, but these can naturally also be added to the suspension separately.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a new type of fibre product, such as paper, cardboard or the like, and a method of manufacturing such product based on a suspension of treated organic and inorganic fibres.
- The use of compounds of silicic acid and sodium or potassium, i.e. water-glass, is already familiar as a substitute for organic binders in the manufacture of paper. However, the use of water-glass as a binder has often given paper of brittle structure and poor tear strength, and for this reason water-glass has not been commonly used as a binding-agent for cellulose fibres in paper manufacturing.
- The use of inorganic fibres, as glass fibre, in paper manufacturing is also familiar to the art, either alone or in combination with fibres of cellulose or other organic substance.
- One major objective of the invention is the manufacture of fibrous products having good wet strength and low porosity through the combination of water-glass - perhaps modified by the addition of some conventional binding-agent, organic or inorganic - inorganic fibres, such as fibres of mineral wool, and organic fibres, e.g. cellulose fibres. Such combination of organic and inorganic fibres with a binding-agent improves both web strength and porosity properties, which the use of cullulose fibres alone will not permit. Fibre products made according to the method of the invention also display excellent water-repelling properties. If a high percentage of mineral wool is added, first- rate fire-retarding qualities are achieved along with excellent thermal stability. Furthermore, such products are resistant to mould, and micro-organisms are unable to gain a hold on their surface, meaning that they would be suitable for, say, clinical work. The new product shows, too, excellent resistance to wear and to impact and tensile stresses. With the use of glass fibre and water-glass, known for their dielectric properties, the product is also provided with a degree of electrical insulation able to meet the most stringent requirement. Shrinkage and contraction are insignificant.
- Fibre products manufactured according to the method of the invention are produced from a suspension of treated cellulose fibres to which is added a binding-agent of water-glass. Finally, mineral wool fibres, also in the suspension phase, are added to the suspension of cellulose fibres whereupon the final suspension, or stock, after undergoing further treatment, e.g. the admixture of size, dyestuff, filler and thickener, is dired and pressed to obtain the final product. Glass fibres having a diameter of approx. 7 ,um - standard fibres as used for building insulation - may be used to advantage in the new method.
- It has also proved quite possible to use edge waste and rejected material from the manufacture of mineral wool as an admixture, and good results have been obtained.
- The water-glass binder may consist of compounds of silicic acid and sodium or potassium to which carbamide and/or propylene glycol have been added. Good results have been obtained by using e.g. sodium silicate where the mole proportion between sodium oxide and silicon dioxide is 1:3.4-4.1. The water-glass binding agent may, furthermore, be modified by some conventional organic or inorganic binder.
- The cellulose pulp, which may be bleached or unbleached, used in the manufacture of the product is prepared in advance so as to increase the specific surface of the fibres and allow them to make good contact during the forming of the sheet. This is carried out by conventional means, by mechanical agitation, or "beating", in pulpers, jordan refiners or similar grinding machinery. During this process the cellulose fibres are made somewhat shorter and the fibre bundles are delaminated. Birch, pine or spruce, for example, may be used for the cellulose pulp. In the new method such pulp is suspended in a separate water chest, the mineral wool fibres, from e.g. sheets, slabs or flocs of mineral wool, being suspended in another. Here, as mentioned above, rejects or waste materal may be used to advantage. The water-glass binding-agent is then added to the chest containing the cellulose pulp, after which the contents of the two chest are mixed. The mixture so obtained, the stock, may then be treated by conventional means, by e.g. the admixture of size, dyestuff, filler and thickener, before continuing to the drying and pressing stages.
- Glass fibres and water are mixed in a pulper for 5 minutes to obtain a suspension or slurry, the amount of glass fibre contained being ten percent by weight of the whole. Here it is worth mentioning that slurries of cellulose fibres usually contain approx. 3-3.5 percent cellulose by weight, thus entailing a fairly high water content when the product is removed to the wire for dewatering. A pulp containing a certain amount of glass fibres dries out much faster in the paper machine than does a pure cellulose pulp, and this has economic advantages, for the manufacturing process can thereby be speeded up.
- After mixing, the glass fibre slurry is removed to a stock chest.
- A three percent cellulose fibre slurry of bleached birch is prepared in another stock chest. To this is added 5% sodium silicate binder calculated on the total amount of glass fibre and cellulose slurry, having a ratio of 3.4 and containing carbamide and propylene glycol. The purpose of this binding-agent of water. glass is, on the one hand, to reduce the wettability of the fibres, i.e. to make them more resistant to water, on the other to reduce their pore radius, that is to fill in the pores in the sheet, thereby reducing pore diameter and hindering the penetration of liquids.
- The glass fibre slurry is then added and mixed with the slurry of cellulose fibres and water-glass, the amount of glass fibres contained in the whole being ten percent by weight. This mixture of cellulose fibres, glass fibres and water-glass binder is alkaline, i.e. its pH value is between 9.0 and 9.5. For comparison we may mention that the pH value of cellulose fibres is usually 4.5 at this stage. No hydrophobic agent or alum is added to the slurry, nor is the temperature raised as in conventional manufacturing methods.
- The slurry mixture so obtained is then passed through a conical refiner and out onto a wire via the head box of a paper machine as in conventional methods.
- A fibre product manufactured by the method described above has several advantages, above all in that its tearing resistance and printability, for e.g. process printing, are excellent, a result of good dimensional stability between the fibres. The quality of the product is also well-suited to packaging purposes since deformability is good.
- This test was carried out in exactly the same way as that described in Example 1 but used instead a 30% admixture of mineral wool fibres, 10% water-glass binder and 60% cellulose fibres.
- Since the percentage of mineral wool was higher, drying was quicker than in the first example.
- The paper obtained displayed good dielectric qualities and good resistance to wear and to impact and tensile stresses. Shrinkage and contraction were insignificant.
- This was carried out in the same way as the two previous tests, although here the proportions of the components were different. In this case, 90% mineral wool fibres were mixed with 5% water-glass binder and 5% cellulose fibres.
- The paper made by this method proved to have high resistance to combustion and burning, had high thermal stability and was, furthermore, resistant to mould.
- The fourth test, which was also carried out in the same way as the others, included 50% mineral wool fibres, 10% water-glass binder, 5% melamine resin and 35% cellulose fibres.
- Characteristics found specifically in this type of paper were good folding properties and a very smooth surface.
- As is apparent from the examples, paper types rf differing properties may be obtained by varying the proportions of mineral wool fibres, cellulose fibres and water-glass binder. Thus, by using a high percentage of mineral wool fibres in the mixture - tests were made with admixtures of up to 95% by weight - paper can be made having exceptionally fine fire-retarding properties.
- Tests were also carried out, and good results were obtained, with an admixture of 30% by weight water-glass binder.
- Various different types of paper were produced in the examples discussed above. However, the invention is not limited only to fibrous products in the form of relatively thin sheets such as cardboard or the like, but may well be applied to products in the form of felt having a thickness of several centimeters.
- In the examples discussed above carbamide and propylene glycol were added with the binder, but these can naturally also be added to the suspension separately.
Claims (3)
1. A fibre product, e.g. paper, board or the like, containing both organic fibres, such as cellulose fibres, and inorganic fibres, such as fibres of mineral wool, said inorganic fibres amounting 95%, at the most, by weight of the fibre product, characterized in that it also contains a binder at least partly in the form of compounds of silicic acid and sodium or potassium, i.e. water-glass, and carbamide and propylene glycol.
2. A method of manufacturing a fibre product, e.g. paper, board or the like, containing both organic fibres, such as cellulose fibres, and inorganic fibres, such as fibres of mineral wool, said inorganic fibres amounting 95%, at the most, by weight of the fibre product, and also a binder at least partly in the form of compounds of silicic acid and sodium or potassium, i.e. water-glass, and carbamide and propylene glycol, wherein an alkaline mixture is provided by adding to a suspension of the organic fibres besides said carbamide and propylene glycol also said water-glass - in the amount of 30%, at the most, by weight of the total fibre suspension - and the inorganic fibres, the so obtained mixture or liquor after further treatment, e.g. after the addition of size, dyestuff, filler and thickener, being dried and pressed, in a manner known per se, for obtaining the final product.
3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the water-glass is added directly to the suspension of cellulose fibres and that the fibres of mineral wool are added in the form of a separate fibre suspension.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7803858A SE425111C (en) | 1978-04-05 | 1978-04-05 | FIBER PRODUCTS LIKE PAPER, PAPER AND CLEAN AND PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF THE SAME |
| SE7803858 | 1978-04-05 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0004833A2 EP0004833A2 (en) | 1979-10-17 |
| EP0004833A3 EP0004833A3 (en) | 1979-10-31 |
| EP0004833B1 true EP0004833B1 (en) | 1982-12-22 |
Family
ID=20334508
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP79850017A Expired EP0004833B1 (en) | 1978-04-05 | 1979-03-28 | Paper-like fibre product and method of manufacturing such a product |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0004833B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2964338D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK148717C (en) |
| FI (1) | FI62382C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO154402C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE425111C (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4786670A (en) * | 1987-01-09 | 1988-11-22 | Lydall, Inc. | Compressible non-asbestos high-temperature sheet material usable for gaskets |
| US6251224B1 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2001-06-26 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Technology, Inc. | Bicomponent mats of glass fibers and pulp fibers and their method of manufacture |
| US6488811B1 (en) | 2001-04-30 | 2002-12-03 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Multicomponent mats of glass fibers and natural fibers and their method of manufacture |
| FI9942U1 (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2013-01-10 | Jarmo Hukkanen | Biodegradable adhesive |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2568849A (en) * | 1947-05-14 | 1951-09-25 | Carey Philip Mfg Co | Vapor barrier paper and the manufacture thereof |
| US2705198A (en) * | 1950-04-19 | 1955-03-29 | Hermann G Seybold | Wallboard composition and method of making same |
| GB708019A (en) * | 1950-09-22 | 1954-04-28 | British Thomson Houston Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to electrical insulating material |
| US3062912A (en) * | 1958-03-25 | 1962-11-06 | British Insulated Callenders | Paper for use in the manufacture of electric cables and capacitors and other purposes |
| NL265832A (en) * | 1960-06-13 | |||
| AT317668B (en) * | 1971-07-23 | 1974-09-10 | Roehm Gmbh | Process for producing sandable synthetic resin-filled papers |
-
1978
- 1978-04-05 SE SE7803858A patent/SE425111C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1979
- 1979-03-28 DE DE7979850017T patent/DE2964338D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-03-28 EP EP79850017A patent/EP0004833B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-02 NO NO791101A patent/NO154402C/en unknown
- 1979-04-04 DK DK139479A patent/DK148717C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-04-05 FI FI791131A patent/FI62382C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK148717C (en) | 1988-01-18 |
| FI791131A7 (en) | 1979-10-06 |
| DE2964338D1 (en) | 1983-01-27 |
| NO154402C (en) | 1988-01-05 |
| FI62382B (en) | 1982-08-31 |
| SE425111C (en) | 1988-01-18 |
| SE7803858L (en) | 1979-10-06 |
| EP0004833A2 (en) | 1979-10-17 |
| NO154402B (en) | 1986-06-02 |
| SE425111B (en) | 1982-08-30 |
| NO791101L (en) | 1979-10-08 |
| DK139479A (en) | 1979-10-06 |
| EP0004833A3 (en) | 1979-10-31 |
| DK148717B (en) | 1985-09-09 |
| FI62382C (en) | 1982-12-10 |
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