DK3000571T3

DK3000571T3 - DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING CONCRETE FORM

Info

Publication number: DK3000571T3
Application number: DK15181770.7T
Authority: DK
Inventors: Holger Stichel; Jürgen Braungardt
Original assignee: Kobra Formen Gmbh
Priority date: 2014-09-23
Filing date: 2015-08-20
Publication date: 2019-04-23
Also published as: DE102014113756A1; EP3000571A1; EP3000571B1; PL3000571T3

Description

The invention relates to a device for producing moulded concrete parts .

Devices for producing moulded concrete parts, such as, for example, paving stones, are typically used for machine-based production and contain a moulding machine and a mould having a mould lower part and a ram unit. In the mould lower part are usually configured one or more mould cavities, which are open in the upward and downward directions. The mould lower part is placed with a lower boundary plane of a stone field onto a horizontal base, which closes off the lower openings of the mould. Through the upper openings, the mould cavities are filled with concrete mix, which is subsequently pressed over pressure plates arranged on the ram unit, in that the pressure plates are sunk through the upper openings into the mould cavities. After this, by shaking typically of the base, a compaction of the concrete mixes into dimensionally stable moulded concrete parts is realized. These are removed from the mould through the lower openings of the mould cavities. The ram unit is connected to a typically hydraulically actuated vertical movement unit of the moulding machine and is vertically movable by means of this same. The connection can be given, in conventional construction, via a load application unit, which usually forms with the ram unit a mould upper part an assembly which can be unitarily handled. By means of a stop on rams of the ram unit, a uniform stone height is achieved even in the event of different compaction of the concrete mix.

In the produced moulded concrete parts, a particular importance is attached to the nature of the stone surface facing the pressure plates, which in slabs or paving stones forms the load-bearing surface visible in the laid state. For instance, in EP 1 674 226 A2 it is stated that the stone surface is favourably influenced by means of a horizontally floating mounting of the pressure plates relative to the moulding machine the stone surface during the shaking movement realized for the compaction of the concrete mix.

From EP 0 118 872 A2, a device for producing mouldings from concrete or the like is known, according to the preamble of Claim 1, in which the ram consists of two separate part-rams guided one inside the other. The transverse cross-sectional areas of the part-rams are dimensioned such that the inner ram shapes a first partial area of a moulding, and the outer part-ram shapes a second partial area of a moulding. It is hereby possible to shape mouldings having surface profiles of different height.

From DE 10 2011 054 488 A1 is known a device for producing concrete blocks, which is designed for the interchangeable reception of a mould. The mould comprises a mould lower part having a mould cavity arrangement and a mould upper part having a pressure plate arrangement complementary to the mould cavity arrangement. The interchangeable mould upper part is held on a load application device, which comprises a load application upper part and a load application lower part. The vertical movement of the mould upper part is limited by hollow stop elements, in which damping elements are inserted.

From WO 2011/127928 A1 is known a device for producing concrete blocks, in which device is provided a plate-like functional device, which, in addition to a ram plate, has for the connection of a plurality of ram tubes, a connecting plate facing a load application device. The ram plate and the connecting plate are connected to one another via connecting devices comprising elastically deformable damping elements. The damping elements permit a relative movement between connecting plate and ram plate, wherein the maximum vertical displaceability limited by the damping elements is greater than a clearance between the ram plate and stop elements on the connecting plate. This produces in the shaking operation an initial resilience with vertical movement of the ram plate in the direction of the load application device. Following displacement by the extent of the clearance, a braking of the ram plate is realized by the stop element and, consequently, also of the movement of the ram plate with performing pressure plates on the concrete mix.

Whilst the device described in the previous paragraph provides a vertically limited displacement in the region of the load application device or of the mould upper part, there are also known oscillatingly mounted pressure plates in which a vertically limited displacement, for instance between a lower screw-on plate, which is connected to the pressure plate, and an upper screw-on plate, can be provided. It has been shown that pressure plates which are oscillatingly mounted in this way, in particular in the case of large-area products and products which are difficult to compact, produce better compaction results. In particular, oscillatingly mounted pressure plates prevent non-uniform lifting in the case of large-area stone fields, even though optimal use is made of the vibrations in the stone field during the shaking.

However, oscillatingly mounted pressure plates call for some additional design complexity, so that these have hitherto been used only in the case of large pressure plates.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device for producing moulded concrete parts which has a more compact structure, in particular of the damping elements, so that the hitherto used oscillatingly mounted pressure plates can also be employed as a compaction aid for smaller product sizes.

This object is achieved by the features of Patent Claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are respectively the subject of the sub-claims. These can be mutually combined in a technologically sensible manner. The description, in particular in association with the drawing, additionally characterizes and specifies the invention.

According to the invention, a device for producing moulded concrete parts, having a moulding machine and having a mould interchangeably arranged therein, is provided, which mould comprises a mould lower part with one or more mould cavities and a mould upper part with a pressure plate arrangement having one or more pressure plates facing the mould cavities, wherein the mould upper part can be moved relative to the mould lower part such that, when compressing a filling material in the mould lower part, the pressure plates can be displaced vertically by means of a ram plate, which is provided with rams and connected via the latter to an intermediate plate, along a gap counter to a restoring force of an elastically deformable damping element up to an outer edge of a stop element, wherein the stop element is of hollow design and the damping element is arranged in its interior .

The solution according to the invention aims to provide between a pressure plate and an intermediate plate a damping element, which, upon contact of the pressure plate, for instance, with a concrete mix as the pressure plates are introduced into a mould lower part, ensure a vertical and/or horizontal mobility of the pressure plates. In the event of increasingly growing forces on the pressure plate, the vertical mobility between the intermediate plate and the pressure plate is restricted, however, to a defined minimum distance which cannot be breached. The limitation of the minimum distance is achieved by the stop element, which according to the invention is configured as a hollow body. By hollow body is herein understood an arrangement in which an interior is surrounded by a side wall which is configured in the form of a continuous surface. Accordingly, openings, recesses, slots or the like can also be present in the side wall or on the border of the side wall. A thus shaped stop element should always hereinafter be understood to mean a hollow body within the meaning of the invention.

As a result of the structure of the stop element as a hollow body, it is possible for the damping element to be able to be placed inside the hollow body. Accordingly, a compact structure, which, moreover, also has still further advantages, is achieved. Whilst in conventional solutions, in which, for instance, damping elements and stop elements are alternately placed between the intermediate plates and the pressure plates, bending moments can arise in the intermediate plates, this is according to the invention heavily reduced, since the absorption of force into the intermediate plate, if the stop is limited from the point of application up to the reaction force, has only a short path. Furthermore, the inventive design of the stop elements is able to be produced more cheaply, since the stop elements, together with the damping elements, can be provided as a prefabricated assembly, wherein, in particular, no overmilling of the stop elements, as is usually provided in the prior art, has any longer to be performed. In the prior art, stop elements are usually welded in place, so that, for the precise fixing of the minimum distance, a reworking is necessary. Moreover, the solution according to the invention is advantageous insofar as no force flow has any longer to be realized via weld seams. Accordingly, the invention allows the creation of a compact structure between pressure plates and intermediate plates, so that oscillatingly mounted pressure plates, for instance, can be used also in the case of smaller dimensions.

According to one embodiment of the invention, each pressure plate is respectively assigned an intermediate plate and/or a ram plate.

In the invention it can in particular be provided that each pressure plate is respectively provided with an own intermediate plate and, in addition, also with an own ram plate. Accordingly, compact sub-components of a device for producing moulded concrete parts are created, which sub-components can be combined, for instance, in a manner which is customary according to the state of the art, with the other components of the mould upper parts or load application devices. In this context, it is often advantageous to insert between the intermediate plate and the pressure plate a screw-on plate, which on its lower side is provided with the pressure plate, and on its upper side with the stop element or the damping element. This structure enables, for instance, complete pressure plates for whole stones to be replaced by those for half stones.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the gap is arranged between the outer edge of the stop element and the intermediate plate. The stop element can herein be connected, preferably by means of a screw connection, to the pressure plate. Alternatively, the gap is arranged between the outer edge of the stop element and the pressure plate. The stop element can herein be connected by means of a screw connection to the intermediate plate .

According to this procedure, the gap is arranged directly adjacent to the intermediate plate, i.e. the outer edge of the stop element will be realized, prior to the compression of the damping element, directly adjacent to the intermediate plate at a slight distance apart. However, it is also possible for the gap to be arranged on the opposite side, i.e. directly adjacent to the pressure plates, or, in the case of a two-part structure, directly adjacent to the lower connection plate. Depending on the chosen configuration, on the side opposite to the gap the stop element can then be fixedly connected either to the pressure plate or the lower stop plate or the intermediate plate. For this purpose, in particular a screw connection is provided.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the stop element is designed as a hollow cylinder.

Accordingly, the stop element can be formed in a simple manner, for instance, by a tailor-made pipe section, so that a simple and cost-effective production of the device according to the invention is possible. As already mentioned, by the term "hollow cylinder" should also be understood an arrangement in which openings, recesses, slots or the like can also be present in the side wall or on the border of the side wall of the hollow cylinder. A thus shaped stop element should always hereinafter be understood to mean a hollow cylinder within the meaning of the invention.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the stop element has a termination body, preferably in the form of a welded-on plate, on a side opposite to the gap on the outer edge, wherein the termination body is provided with a preferably centrally incorporated bore for fastening the damping element and/or for fastening the stop element.

In particular, in the just described hollow-cylindrical design of the stop element, it can be advantageous to provide the side opposite to the outer edge with a termination body, which, for example in the form of a welded-on plate, acts as a cap. The termination body can be equipped, both for fastening of the damping element and for fastening of the stop element, with an appropriate bore, so that a fastening either to the intermediate plate or to the pressure plate is possible. To this end, the damping element can be provided, for instance, with a threaded rod, which extends through the usually centrally incorporated bore, so that it can be fixed on the opposite side with a nut or the like. On the pressure plate or the lower screw-on plate can be provided a corresponding bore, which receives a cylindrical continuation of the damping element.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the damping element comprises a spring-elastic body, which is preferably formed as a cylindrical rubber body or as a spring.

In particular in connection with the hollow-cylindrical design of the stop element, it is advantageous to use an appropriate cylindrical rubber body as the damping element, so that the inner walls of the stop element enable a precise-fitting reception of the damping element. Accordingly, it is not necessary to connect the damping element to further holding means .

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the stop element and the damping element form an individual assembly.

The design of the stop element and of the damping element as components lying one inside the other makes it possible to form from these two elements a prefabricated assembly, which can be attached to the intermediate plate of the device for producing moulded concrete parts. To this end, the stop element is produced with an appropriately chosen height and provided with the correspondingly larger chosen damping element, so that, on the outer edge of the stop element, the above-described gap is obtained. Thus produced assemblies can then be screwed to intermediate plates, so that, for instance, retrofitting in machines for producing moulded concrete parts would also be possible .

According to a further embodiment of the invention, a predetermined number of stop elements and damping elements are provided, depending on the geometry of the pressure plates.

In order to achieve a stable structure, a plurality of stop elements with corresponding damping elements are usually employed. These are positioned such that, and their number is chosen such that a uniform or almost uniform surface loading is statically achieved, depending on the geometry of the pressure plates .

According to a further embodiment of the invention, four stop elements are provided in the case of pressure plates having a rectangular or square base area, wherein the four stop elements are arranged in interspaces of the preferably four rams of the intermediate plate.

It is in particular advantageous to provide the stop elements symmetrically in those regions against which, above the intermediate plate, no rams come to bear, which rams connect the intermediate plate to the ram plate, since the fitting of the intermediate plate on the ram plate, on the one hand, and the fitting of the intermediate plate and of the pressure plate or lower screw-on plate, on the other hand, can thus be realized independently of one another, wherein the above-described uniform or almost uniform surface loading is achieved. It is particularly advantageous to provide, for instance, four rams, which are configured in a square or rectangular arrangement between the intermediate plate and the ram plate. The four stop elements with their damping elements can then find their way into the interspaces between the four rams, so that a rhombic arrangement of the stop elements is obtained.

For the person skilled in the art, it is self-evident that this arrangement of rams and stop elements is extendable to any other total numbers or arrangements. In particular, in the case of non-rectangular base areas of the pressure plates, completely different total numbers or arrangements of rams and stop elements can also be chosen in order to achieve the uniform or almost uniform surface loading of the pressure plates.

The exemplary designs specified in these embodiments enable a force transmission via the stop element in a small surface region and over a direct route, whereby additional bending moments in the intermediate plate are reduced in comparison to the devices known from the prior art.

Below, some illustrative embodiments are illustrated with reference to the drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 shows parts of a device for producing moulded concrete parts, in a perspective side view,

Fig. 2 shows a part of a device for producing moulded concrete parts, according to a first embodiment of the invention, in a perspective side view,

Fig. 3 shows the part of the device from Fig. 2 in a sectional view,

Fig. 4 shows the part of the device from Fig. 2 in a detailed view,

Fig. 5 shows a component of a device from Fig. 2 in a perspective side view,

Fig. 6 shows the component from Fig. 5 in a top view,

Fig. 7 shows the component from Fig. 5 in a cross-sectional view,

Fig. 8 shows a further part of the device according to a second embodiment of the invention, in a perspective side view,

Fig. 9 shows the part of a device from Fig. 8 in a detailed view in sectional representation, and

Fig. 10 shows the part of a device from Fig. 8 in a further detailed view in sectional representation.

In the figures, same or functionally like-acting components are provided with the same reference symbols.

In Fig. 1 is shown a device VO, which is suitable for producing moulded concrete parts in a moulding machine. The device VO has an interchangeably arranged mould FO, which is formed by a mould lower part FU and a mould upper part FB. The mould lower part FU has a mould cavity FN, which possesses an appropriately chosen number of openings OE, so that moulded concrete parts are producible in the desired number or size with the device FO. The mould upper part FB has a multiplicity of pressure plates DP, wherein each pressure plate DP corresponds with one of the openings OE. The pressure plates DP are respectively connected via a multiplicity of rams SP to a ram plate ST.

Above the ram plate ST is provided a load application device AE, which, via the rams SP, can appropriately compress a concrete mix, inserted in the openings OE of the mould cavity FN, as fhe filling material. Between the pressure plate DP and the rams SP is arranged a lower screw-on plate AU and an intermediate plate ZW, wherein the vertical movement, pointing in the direction of the mould cavity FN, of the pressure plates DP is realized initially counter to a restoring force of a damping element DA, until the lower screw-on plate AU enters into contact with a stop element AN. The damping element DA is fixed by means of screw connections SCI to the intermediate plate ZW. The pressure plates DP are connected by means of further screw connections SC2 to the lower screw-on plate AU.

In Fig. 2, a perspective side view of a part of the device VO according to a first embodiment of the invention is illustrated in greater detail. The part represented in Fig. 2 here corresponds to that part beneath the load application device AE in Fig. 1 which is also assigned an individual pressure plate DP. For reasons of greater clarify, the representation of the mould lower part FU has also been dispensed with. It will be recognized that the ram plate ST, which is connectable, for instance by means of the screw connections SC3, to the load application device AE, is assigned four rams SP, which are connected to the intermediate plate ZW, so that a force exerted on the ram plate ST is transmitted via the ram SP to the intermediate plate ZW. Between the intermediate plate ZW and the pressure plate DP is in turn located the lower screw-on plate AU, which plates are connected to one another by means of screw connections SC2.

The intermediate plate ZW and the lower screw-on plate AU are connected via damping elements DA (not shown in Fig. 2), wherein the damping elements DA are arranged inside the hollow stop elements AN. In the example shown in Fig. 2, there are in turn provided four stop elements AN, which are arranged in interspaces of the rams SP on the other side of the intermediate plate ZW. Accordingly, it is possible, by means of the screw connections SCI, to be able to establish a connection between the intermediate plate ZW and the damping elements DA arranged within the stop elements AN.

In Fig. 3, that part of the device VO that is shown in Fig. 2 is illustrated once again in greater detail in a sectional representation. It will be recognized that the stop elements AN have as the side wall a hollow cylinder HZ, which is connected to the bottom side of the intermediate plate ZW by means of a weld connection to a termination element AB. Inside the stop element AN is found the damping element DA, which on its top side in the direction of the intermediate plate ZW is held on the intermediate plate ZW, through a bore in the termination element AB, by means of the screw connection SCI. On the side facing the screw-on plate AU, the damping element DA is realized such that it protrudes slightly beyond the termination edge AK of the hollow cylinder HZ, so that between the termination edge AK and the top side of the lower screw-on plate AU is obtained a gap SL, which is formed until such time as the damping element DA is so far compressed that the vertical movement is limited by meeting of the termination edge AK and the lower screw-on plate AU.

This is represented once again in closer detail in Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is here in turn a cross-sectional view, which shows in enlarged representation the detail region B marked in Fig. 3. The termination edge AK on that lower side of the hollow cylinder HZ that is facing the lower screw-on plate AU has formed in the non-compressed state of the damping element DA the slot SL. The dimensioning of the slot SL, i.e. the distance between the termination edge AK and the lower screw-on plate AU, is chosen in dependence on the spring constant of the damping element DA. Where commercially available rubber-metal elements in the form of so-called vibration components are used, this distance can measure, for instance, 1 mm. This procedure enables the better compaction characteristic, mentioned in the introduction, of the concrete mix in the mould cavity FN when compressed with the pressure plate DP.

The number and dimensions of the stop elements AN and of the damping elements DA are chosen such that a static surface loading which is as even as possible acts on the pressure plates DP. In particular in the case of base areas of the pressure plates DP which have no mirror symmetry, different spring constants of the damping elements DA, or different dimensions of the stop elements AN, can here also be chosen.

Merely by way of example, a diameter of the stop element AN lies within the range from 50 mm to 200 mm, preferably approximately 75 mm. The stop element can have in the region of the termination edge a surface area amounting to approximately 1000 mm2 to 3000 mm2, in particular approximately 2000 mm2.

That embodiment of the invention that is described in connection with Fig. 2 to 4 enables the creation of a compact stop element which is connectable in a simple manner to a pressure plate DP or a lower screw-on plate AU. It is particularly advantageous to provide the damping element DA together with the stop element AN as a prefabricated assembly.

This is illustrated once again in greater detail in Fig. 5. As can be seen from Fig. 5, the stop element AN is formed by the hollow cylinder HZ, acting as the side wall, and the cap, arranged on the top side in the direction of the intermediate plate ZW, in the form of the termination element AB.

Inside the hollow cylinder HZ is arranged the damping element DA, wherein a free space remains between the inner wall of the hollow cylinder HZ and the damping element DA. On the top side, the termination element AB has a centrally arranged bore BO, through which a threaded rod GS connected to the damping element can be guided, so that the assembly comprising the stop element AN and the damping element DA is boltable to the intermediate plate ZW. On its bottom side, the damping element DA has a cylindrical threaded extension FR, which has an external thread and can be screwed into an internally threaded recess which is provided there. The threaded extension FR can also alternatively or additionally be fastened in the recess by means of an adhesive .

The centrally incorporated bore BO in the termination element AB can be seen from the top view according to Fig. 6. The individual parts, such as threaded extension FR and threaded rod GS, as well as the different heights of the damping element DA and of the hollow cylinder HZ for the formation of the gap SL, are represented once again in the sectional representation of Fig. 7.

In Fig. 8, a further embodiment of the invention is shown. Fig. 8 differs from the first illustrative embodiment according to Fig. 2 to 7 by virtue of the fact that the gap SL no longer points between the stop element AN on the termination edge AK of the hollow cylinder HZ in the direction of the lower screw-on plate AU, but instead is now placed on the opposite side in the direction of the intermediate plate ZW. It can herein be provided to replace the hitherto one-piece intermediate plate by a multipart structure, so that the lower screw-on plate AU illustrated in connection with Fig. 2 is displaced in the direction of the intermediate plate ZW.

It is here provided to guide the threaded rod GS in turn through the intermediate plate ZW in order to produce a connection between intermediate plate and damping element DA, as is shown in Fig. 9. The termination element AB can in turn be screwed via the centrally incorporated bore to the pressure plate DP by means of the screw connection SC2, as is shown in Fig. 10, so that the connection of the pressure plate DP is now realized via the stop element AN.

Claims

An apparatus for manufacturing concrete mold parts in a molding machine, wherein the apparatus comprises a moldable interchangeable mold comprising a mold bottom (FU) having one or more mold cavities (FN) and a mold top (FB) having a printing plate arrangement having one or more molds. the mold cavities (FN) face printing plates (DP), where the mold top (FB) can be displaced relative to the mold bottom (FU) such that, when compressing a filler material (FU), it can be displaced along a gap (SL) against a reset force from an elastically deformable damping member (DA) to an outer edge of a stop member (AN) vertically by means of a piston plate (ST) connected by means of pistons (SP), characterized in that the stop member (AN) is formed hollow-shaped and the damping element (DA) is disposed in its interior.

Device according to claim 1, in which an intermediate plate (ZW) and a piston plate (ST) are assigned to each pressure plate (DP).

Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gap (SL) is arranged between the outer edge of the impact element (AN) and the intermediate plate (ZW).

Device according to claim 3, wherein the stop element (AN) is connected to the pressure plate (DP) preferably via a screw connection (SC2).

Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gap (SL) is arranged between the outer edge of the stop element (AN) and the pressure plate (DP).

Device according to claim 5, wherein the stop element (AN) is connected to the intermediate plate (ZW) preferably via a screw connection (SCI).

Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the impact element (AN) is formed as a hollow cylinder.

Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which the abutment element (AN) on a side opposite to the gap (SL) has a termination body (AB), preferably in the form of a welded plate, the termination body (AB) having for the purpose of securing the damping element (DA) and / or for securing the impact member (AN) is provided with a preferably centered bore.

Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the damping element (DA) has a spring elastic element, which is preferably formed as a cylindrical rubber body or as a spring.

Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which the impact element (AN) and the damping element (DA) form a single component.

Device according to one of Claims 1 to 10, in which several abutment elements (AN) and damping elements (DA) are arranged for each pressure plate (DP).

The device of claim 11, wherein the number and position of the impact members (AN) and the damping elements (DA) are selected such that a static surface load of the pressure plate (DP) is uniform.

Device according to claim 11 or 12, in which four square elements (AN) are arranged at square or rectangular pressure plates (DP), wherein the four impact elements (AN) are arranged at intervals between the intermediate plate (ZW) preferably four pistons (SP). .

Device according to claim 11 or 12, in which, by non-rectangular pressure plates (DP), several abutment elements (AN) are provided which have damping elements (DA) which can have different spring characteristics.

Device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, in which the size of the gap (SL) in the uncompressed state of the damping element (DP) is selected depending on a spring characteristic of the damping element (DP).