DE763173C - Process for finishing gears with axes at an angle to one another - Google Patents

Description

Process for finishing gears that are at an angle to each other Axes The present invention relates to machines: for finishing and Check, vonl, gears with the axes lying at an angle to each other and with them teeth tapering from end to end, especially on machines that both for lapping and testing, or smoothing and testing of such gears, mainly Spiral bevel and hyperbotloid gears serve.

The machine according to the present invention works automatically according to the method protected by patent 561 23, in which the axes of the meshing gears rotating with one another experience certain movements with respect to one another during lapping, with the aim of creating the bearing surface of the tooth flanks . to restrict. The aim of the invention is to control the clearance between the gears in this method so that it remains unchanged as possible during the entire lapping process.

In the lapping and smoothing process, the opposite treatment should also be used. Tooth flanks can be done at different speeds. To protect the Operational Personnel and to prevent damage to the gears According to the invention, special precautions are taken during the smoothing, lapping or testing process met.

In the embodiment described in the '561-3r patent, this is done the lapping. or smoothing a bevel or hyperboloid gear pair thereby. that the two wheels rotate in engagement with each other and that at the same time one of the wheels is moved in the axial direction of the other gear and transversely to it.

When smoothing, which is done without abrasives before hardening, are the teeth of one wheel pressed into the gaps between the teeth of the other up to the system and resiliently held in this engagement, while at the same time the one wheel the held-, and traverses to the axis of the other. This can result in one wheel give in to the spring action so that jamming of the teeth is avoided. When lapping, which is done after grinding with the help of an abrasive, is it is not desirable to have the gears mesh with the deepest possible mesh. For this reason, in the previous design, the gearwheels must have such a large margin can be left so that no jamming occurs at the tooth ends. if one gear is first to the smaller and then to the larger ends the conical teeth of the other wheel shifts. In the middle position results of course, there is an undesirably large amount of leeway, which corresponds to the lapping effect impaired.

There are provisions in the machine of the present invention taken to automatically by mechanical means between the gears during to maintain the same leeway of lapping in all mutual positions, with the result that the entire lapping process is carried out with the highest degree of efficiency and can therefore be terminated in a very short time.

In the known machine according to patent 561 231 one leads to and rotating holder. in which one of the gears rests eccentrically, the mutual one Longitudinal and. Lateral vibration of the meshing gears. The same applies the machine of the present invention. To do this on the opposite Tooth flanks bring about the desired restriction of the load-bearing surface. is According to the invention, it is best to first turn the meshing wheels in one direction and then run in the other direction. When revolving in the opposite directions the holder should be at different angles and at different speeds rotated back and forth, taking into account the difference in the lapping or smoothing effects on the different tooth flanks of which when using in motor vehicles the one when driven by the engine (drive flanks) and the Press others when freewheeling (shoe flanks) on each other.

In the known lapping machine, two different cams are used Use it for smoothing or lapping the opposing tooth flanks generate the necessary various rotary oscillations zii. Here must which lure to bring them to effect one after the other, by hand or automatically be switched at the point in time in which the direction of rotation of the gears is reversed will. These run for a while in one direction, one of the cams being the Gear holder back and forth = turns. and then the cam is turned off and the other is turned on and the gear drive reversed, whereupon the gears in the opposite Rotate direction and the second cam rotates the holder back and forth. -After expiration The machine is then stopped after a certain period of time. Benn smoothing or lapping The control cam executes one or more revolutions on both sides of the tooth. During the complete lapping or smoothing process, several revolutions of the take place Until the tooth flanks on both sides have been treated. That’s why it’s got to be with this one known machine an independently acting counter to stop the machine can be used after the lapping or smoothing process is complete. In the preferred embodiment According to the present invention, a single cam is used to bring about the Drelisch "-ing movements of the gear holder for the machining of both sides Tooth flanks. One half of the cam is effective when machining the drive flanks and the other half of the cam when machining the thrust flanks. At the transition from one tooth flank to the other you no longer need from one to switch to another cam. In addition, the whole working cycle of the machine with a single revolution of the cams - «- elle ended. The expensive one The counter for the automatic shutdown of the machine is therefore omitted. Instead of this the reversing and stopping of the gears is done immediately by the rotation of the camshaft derived. The speed of the smoothing and lapping processes is for the mutual Tooth flanks determined by special change gear sets. the the cam for the Drive the vibratory drive at different speeds.

When shown in the drawings Embodiment the present invention, the spindle of the ring gear is mounted in a bushing, which is displaceable in the axial direction in the holder rotating to and fro and is shifted in this direction during lapping, by a precisely controllable one Maintain level of leeway. This displacement of the bushing is done by Turning a screw spindle back and forth, the nut of which is attached to the socket. This results in a simple and compact design. For the. Smoothing process The screw spindle and nut fall away and instead the gears lose their grip Helical springs pressed together to the deepest point of engagement. These coil springs act on the socket, i.e. more directly on the gears than with the known one. Machine. This has the advantage that the machine runs quieter and more quietly.

The brake, which is used to absorb play, has also seen a valuable improvement, particularly for lapping. This is because it is designed as a hydraulic brake and consists of a pump driven by the crown wheel spindle, which sucks in the liquid from a storage container in an open circuit and conveys it back into this via a throttle valve. The setting of the throttle valve determines the load on the gears. The throttle valve can open against spring pressure, and the greater the spring load, the greater the resistance to be overcome by the pump and thus the force with which the tooth flanks are pressed against one another. The brake offers compared to the previously usual mechanical. Brake the. The advantage of less wear and the possibility of more precise adjustment of the load. In this regard, mechanical brakes leave a lot to be desired, as the coefficient of friction changes slightly when oil or grease gets on the friction surfaces.

Since the lapping of the gears requires the highest level of precision mechanics, the Improving the brake is of great importance.

As already mentioned, the machine of the present invention -use both for lapping or smoothing as well as for checking the gears. At the Check. the axes of the meshing wheels remain stationary, without performing any swinging movements.

When used for lapping or smoothing, the gears must be used for protection the operation of. surrounded by a protective shield. be .. According to the present invention is now: a special electrical protection circuit is provided, which ensures that for the purpose of lapping the protective shield closed and the drive cam in his working position: must be open and the Drive cam must be switched off. To further increase security is a Push button provided, which you keep depressed during the whole test must to keep the machine going. Since you apply the brake with the other hand Load of the wheels to be tested has to operate, one can see this arrangement according to do not accidentally pinch your fingers between the wheels to be tested.

In the drawings shows

Fig. I the smoothing or lapping and testing machine according to the present Invention in elevation, partly in section,

Fig. Z is a plan,

F'ig. 3 den. Longitudinal section along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2 through the Gear head of the machine for lapping,

4 shows a corresponding section through the devices for smoothing,

Fig. 5 is a partially sectioned end view of the gear head and stand, the section being perpendicular to that of FIG. 3,

6 is a partial view of the rear derailleur for the reciprocating movement the ring gear holder of the lapping machine,

7 shows the section along the line 7-7 of FIG. 5 with the camshaft and their drive,

F'ig. 8 shows the section along the line 8-8 in FIG. 7,

Fig. 9 @ an end view of the gear head with the hydraulic Brake to take up the game,

F'ig. io the section along the line io-io of FIG. 9,

Fig. I i the section along the line i i-i i of Fig. 9,

Fig. 12 is a partial section through the signal box for the crack, oil head,

13 shows a section through the protective shield with the line for the Läp.pmittel and with the safety switch that closes the protective shield for the purpose of lapping or smoothing,

14 shows a partial section at right angles to the section in FIG to illustrate the distribution system for the lapping compound,

15 and 16 characteristic examples of the drive cams for the, Torsional vibration and the axial vibration of the ring gear holder,

17 and 18 sections along lines 17-i7 and 18-18, respectively, of Fig. 7,

Fig. 19 to 24 schematic representations which show how lack special precautions when lapping the tooth ends the back and forth movements of a gear can get stuck as a result of the torsional vibration of the holder. and

Sweep 25 the electrical circuit diagram of the machine.

As in the known machine, a head 31 and a stand 32 rest on the base plate 3o of the machine.

In the head 3 i, the drive shaft or spindle is in roller bearings 34 and 3 5 36 of the machine bearing the scratch to be lapped, smoothed or checked or possibly also the special scratch, glue lapping or testing for use can get. Any type of pinion can be used to fasten the pinion to the shaft Jig. z. B. a hydraulically operated chuck 38, which is known per se and need not be described as it is not part of the present invention heard. The pinion shaft 36 is supported by one on the base plate of the machine Motor do from a reed drive d i, 4 'and 43 driven. The stand 32 is provided with a vertical guide .15 (Feg. 5 and; 7) on which the head d.6 is adjustable. A not shown here serves to adjust it Setting mechanism.

In this head .I6 the shaft or spindle _1.8 carrying the ring gear to be treated runs on roller bearings d9 and 50, specifically inside a bush 51. This bush is inside a holder 52 rotated to and fro (FIGS. 3 and 4) 5) movable. The storage of the spindle 4.8 in the socket 51 and the storage of this socket in the holder 32 are created. that the spindle .I8 is eccentric, but parallel to the axis of the holder. This rests in plain bearings 54 and 55, which are made of one piece with your hopf d6.

The ring gear G to be treated or the tool wheel. that when smoothing or lapping can be used. is on the driven spindle .I8 stretched. namely by means of a clamping device which is not of further interest here 58. which is of conventional design and is hydraulically driven.

To drive the eccentrically mounted holder 5? a -Motor6o, (Figs. i, 2 and;) sitting on the stand is used, which is connected by a single coupling! @i to a shaft 62 carrying the worm 63. The screw: f - r 3 engages in a worm Fig 6.I S) on a shaft 65 in a stator 32 mounted on bearings 66 and Bock 7.3 to F--;. runs. Two change gears 68 and 69 are attached to this shaft by means of springs and springs. They are pressed against a collar of the shaft by a nut jo screwed onto it and by washers 71 and `z.

The change gears 68 and 6g mesh with spur gears; .I and; 5 r Fig.; ). those on waves; 6 and ;; The shaft; (--- # runs on roller bearings So and 81 and the shaft ;? on roller bearings ez and 83 in the bearing block 73. These two shafts each carry a spur gear 84 or 8 ', and these two spur gears can be brought into engagement with a ring gear 87 (Feg go, which runs on roller bearings gi in the bearing block 73 and 9a in an arm 94 which is screwed to the Boch 73 at 95. The shaft cio forms a worm 96 which meshes with a worm wheel g; @ Fig. 8 and, `) This worm wheel is keyed onto a sleeve 98 in which the shaft can be displaced by a spring and groove.

As FIG. 8 shows, two pins ioo and ioz protrude laterally from the worm wheel 9. which serve to swing an angle back and forth that in your goat; 3 is mounted on a pin io6. As the worm wheel rotates, the pin runs onto the longer arm 103 of the angle lever. while the pin 102 then strikes against the shorter arm io.1. In this way, the angle lever is rotated alternately in opposite directions around its pivot. This EZ'inkelhebel carries a fork with two rollers 107, which log in an annular groove between two collars and i io of the socket

intervention. When the worm wheel g; therefore the bushing 88 is only displaced in one direction, whereby the ring gear 8; with the gear e; engages (Fig. 71), and then moved in the other direction. whereby the ring gear finitely meshes with the gear 84. The two gears 8.4 and 85, which have the same direction of rotation, drive the ring gear S7 in the same riclituna, but at different speeds, so that there: worm gear 9; is always driven in the same direction, all at different speeds, depending on which of the two wheels 8-1 and e5 with the ring gear S; is engaged.

In order ° ine Unischaltung fast to ensure the -groove IOS, the book # 88 _se dimensioned wider than the diameter dfr rollers io ;, and for the U'inltelheliel 103. 10 4, a toggle switch is provided, which tosses the angle lever suddenly. This toggle switch consists of a piston I15, which is guided displaceably in a bore of the bracket 73 and is pressed outward by a helical spring 116. In turn, it presses with a sharpened outer end 118 on a cutting edge 11g of a pin 117 attached to the angle lever to the end of its range of motion. In this way it is achieved that the gear 87 remains in mesh with the gear 84 or 85 until the toggle switch comes into action and then. meshes with the other gear without a break. The worm wheel 97 is therefore continuously driven.

The bore of the sleeve 88 has two conical annular grooves 12o and 121 provided, and the shaft go has a transverse bore 122 in which a pin 1: 23- with a tapered head 124 slides. On this pin is a sleeve 125 with a tapered head 126 out. The two cone heads can be in the annular grooves 12o. and 121 engage, depending on the respective shaft position of the socket 88, and they will pressed outwardly into these grooves by a helical spring 127. To this Way, the socket 88 is resiliently secured in its respective switching position, so that it cannot move unintentionally before it goes through the bell crank and the toggle switch is toggled.

During the first section of the pivoting of the bell crank log, 104, 105, the bushing 88 experiences no displacement. Only when the angle lever is over passes its center position and is tossed all over by the toggle switch, the displacement of the bushing and its ring gear 87 takes place, with the spring piston 124, 125 serve to hold the ring gear 87 in the meshing position, until the angle lever has exceeded the central position. Then the momentum overcomes of the angle lever and the force of the toggle switch 115 acting on it. Frictional resistance the spring piston 124 and 125; and the bushing 88 is then moved to the new position.

The bush 88 can be moved on the shaft 9o by means of a spring and wedge, but attached secured against rotation.

The shaft 99 (FIG. 7) is guided displaceably in the sleeve 98 finite tongue and groove and rests in a slide bearing 13o which is fastened in a plate 14o seated on the side of the stator 32. A disk 131 is keyed onto the shaft 99 and a cam disk 132 is screwed tightly onto its hub at 133. The circumference of the disk 131 forms a circle coaxial with the shaft 99, while the cam 1 32, for example, forms the thrust curve shown in FIG.

Either this cam disk 132 or the round disk 131 act on a cam roller 135, the bearing journals 136 of which on a cylindrical rod 138 sits. This slides in a hole in a bracket 139 which is attached to a plate 14o is attached. This sits on the stand 32.

Whether the cam disc 132 or the round disc 131 on the cam roller 135 act is determined by shifting the shaft 99 in the axial direction, and although the cam comes into effect for the purpose of lapping, or smoothing, while the round disc is used for the testing process.

At the other end of the rod 138 carrying the cam roller is seated Pin 142 with a roller 43 which rests against the face of a pin 144 lays. This sits adjustably in an arm 145 of a holder 146 (Fig. 6, 3 and 4), which is mounted on the circumference of the holder 5? And is somehow fastened there, to give it a torsional vibration.

The pin 144 rests on the roller 143 of the rod 138 , the cam roller 135 of which in turn is pressed against the cam disk 132 by a spring, not shown in detail. This spring acts on the holder of the ring gear and tries to turn it in one direction. The pin 144 can be adjusted within the arm 145 in its axial direction. For this purpose a handwheel 147 has to be turned, the shaft 148 (FIG. 5) of which is seated with thread in the arm and which abuts the other end face of the pin 144 with its inner end. The end of the arm 145 is slit and provided with a clamping screw, so that one. can determine the pin in its respective setting position by tightening the clamping lever 149.

If the cam roller 135 rests against the cam 132 and the shaft runs g9 um, so, the cam gives the rod 138 a reciprocating motion, and this in turn rotates the ring gear holder 52 back and forth about its axis. As a result, the ring gear to be treated swings around one of its own. axis eccentric axis back and forth. However, if the cam roller 135 is on the round disc 131 is applied, the holder does not perform any oscillating movement, even if the shaft 99 rotates because the disc 131 is concentric to the shaft.

The cam or the concentric disc is selected by moving the shaft 99 in the axial direction with the aid of a lever 153 which is mounted on a pin 157 of the stand 32 and carries a fork with pin 159 on its shorter arm, which is inserted into an annular groove in the shaft 99 intervene.

A safety switch is used to ensure a correct setting of the Force the machine so that the cam r32 rests on the roller 135 when lapping or smoothing should be done, but that the round disc 131 at the

- The roller is in contact when the gears are to be checked. The safety switch is a switch 196 (Fig. 7 and 25) with two switch positions, which is attached to the stand 32 so that the roller carried by its arm 198 197 abuts one of the pins 159 of the lever 153 when the shaft 99 in one or the other direction. This then flips the switch arm. The effect of this safety switch will be explained in detail later.

As FIG. 7 shows, a bushing 150 is keyed onto one end of the shaft 99 and runs on roller bearings 151 and 152 in the end cap 154 of the bracket 139 and carries a cam 158 screwed to its flange 155 at 156. This can have the outline shown in FIG. 16, for example. It acts on a cam roller 16o. the journal 161 of which is carried by one end of a cylindrical slide rod 162. which is displaceable in a bore in the bracket 139 parallel to the guide of the rod 138. The rod 16-a is tapered at its outer end and strikes there against the semicircular profiled end of a bolt 16.1, which is seated in a bush 163. This bushing has an external thread and engages with it in a threaded hole in an arm 165. The bolt 164 can be rotated within the bushing, but is secured against longitudinal displacement of the latter with respect to it. If it is rotated by half a turn from the position in FIG. 6, it disengages from the slide rod 162 and is thereby out of operation. It then experiences its exact setting in that it rests with its end on the surface of a projection 166 which is adjustably screwed to the BOCk 139 at 167 (cf. FIG. 7). The bolt 164 is clamped in one or the other of its setting positions by adjusting screws 168 and 169. These engage in longitudinal grooves 17o or 171 of the bolt. The bolt is secured against axial displacement in the socket i63 by means of a nut 172 which is screwed onto the tapered end of the bolt on the outside. The arm i65 is rotatably mounted in a shield 176 at 174 (FIG. 5) and has a downwardly directed projection (FIG. 3) which is keyed on a screw spindle 175. This screw spindle runs in slide bearings of the head 46 and of the shield 17f1 screwed to it, and the nut 178 sitting on its thread 177 is fastened in a ring 1779. This ring lies firmly between the inner end of the bushing 51 and a spacer piece i, '- 3o screwed to this at 18.2. This spacer is also held in contact with the socket 51 by a socket i84 which is wedged on the spindle 48 and the flange 185 of which engages in a recess in the spacer 18o. The bush 18: f is in turn held in its position by a brake drum 186 which is secured on the spindle 48 by the nut 187 of the spindle against displacement in the axial direction.

From the above description it follows that when the neck @ i-elle (i9 of the cam 158 (Fig. 7) pushes the rod 162 11111 and forth and that this transmits its vibration to the arm 165 and the screw spindle 175 , whereby the Bushing 51 is pushed back and forth in the axis direction within the holder 52. The spindle 48 and the ring gear G seated on it take part in this axial reciprocation serves to transmit the rounding rotation of the holder 52 to the bushing 51 and the spindle 48 while the spindle revolves and axially rotates the bushing 51. The key 19o engages and can in a keyway 194 made slightly longer than itself therefore freely move in and out of the keyway along with the bushing 51 while it transmits the reciprocating rotation of the holder 52 to the bushing.

Helical springs 95 are provided to accommodate the clearance of the spindle 178. These constantly exert a force directed to the left with reference to FIG. 3 on the bushing 51. They are distributed around the holder in bolts of the bushing and the holder that are aligned with one another and press with their one end against the Al) spacer piece iSo and with the other end against the holder 52.

The bolt 164 (Fig. 5, Ü and;) is under spring tension by a standing piston 196 (Fit-. 5) pressed against the slide rod 162. Through this the role i (-) o is held in contact with the circumference of the cam 15. The spring piston runs in a hole in the protective shield 176 and acts * on a roller 197th the from a "spigot 1q8 des Arm 165 is worn. On the piston 196 presses a helical spring igg located in the bore.

In addition to the cam disks 132 and 158, the shaft 99 carries two further cams Zoo and toi, the latter of which is fastened to the shaft with the aid of the same wedge that is also used to fasten the disk 131. The Notken Zoo is pinned to the cam 2o i and secured with this on the shaft against displacement in the axial direction by a nut 2.03. The zoo cam moves a switch with two switch positions that controls the drive direction of the gears to be treated. The cam toi operates a switch with a switch position that stops the machine when the smoothing, lapping or testing process is completed. The two switches are illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18. -

The switch with two switching positions according to FIG. 17 consists of a carrier 205 and two switching arms 2o6 and 20.7, which are rotatably attached to this carrier at 2o8. The carrier itself is pivotably mounted on a pin 2o.4 of the housing 2o9, which is fastened to the bracket 139. The arm 2o6 carries a rail 216 with two contacts 21o and 211 (FIGS. 17 and 7), while the arm 2o7 carries a corresponding rail 218 with two contacts 212 and 213. In the support 2o5 of the switch, a plunger 214 is slidably guided, which is pressed downward out of the support by a helical spring 215 inserted between it and the switch arm 2o6 and at the same time serves to open the contacts 21o and. 211 to press in the direction of the mating contacts 217. A helical spring 2i9 is inserted between the carrier 2o5 and the arm 2o7 in order to push the latter upwards and thus to press the contacts 2i2 and 213 against the mating contacts 22o. The carrier 2o5 is pressed in one direction of rotation about its pin 2o4 by a spring piston 222. This engages the carrier at 223 and is guided in a bore 224 of the end plate 225 fastened to the bracket 139. Its tapered shaft is surrounded by a helical spring 226, the calves 222 lying in the bore upwards. seeks to press into the position of FIG. 17, in which the contacts 2io and 211 are in the current connection position, while the contacts 212 and 213 are switched off.

A spring piston 23o guided in a bore 232 of the end plate 225, the shaft of which is surrounded by a helical spring 233, is used to switch the carrier 2o5. This is supported, on the one hand, on a collar of the piston and, on the other hand, on an end plate 2:35, which is attached to the face plate 225. The end of the projecting end of the piston 23o has a nose 236 with an inclined surface which can abut against a corresponding inclined surface at the end of the plunger Z4. When the camshaft 99 rotates in the direction of the arrow, the cam Zoo strikes the end of the piston 230 and pushes it into the bore 23 2 against the force of the spring 233, the lug 236 pushing the tappet 214 up and to the side and behind the tappet snaps into place. But as soon as the cam Zoo comes free from the end of the piston 23o, the latter is pressed outward by the spring 233. Here, the nose 236 abuts the piston 214 and therefore pivots the holder 205 about the pivot point 204 in the counterclockwise direction. The contact made by the switching arm 2o6 with the poles 217 is interrupted while the arm 207 comes into contact with the poles 22o.

Contacts 217 are in the forward direction for driving Main drive motor circuit. 4o, the. To be smoothed., Lapping or testing Drives gears. To drive the gears in the reverse direction, the Contacts 22o turned on in the motor circuit.

After the piston 23o has rotated the carrier 2o5 to interrupt the circuit through the contacts 217 and to close the circuit through the terminals 22o, the spring piston continues its outward movement under the action of the spring 233 until finally the nose 236 comes free from the plunger 2,4. At that moment, the spring piston 222 and its spring 226 rotate the carrier again in the opposite direction, thereby restoring the circuit through the contacts 217 and disconnecting the circuit through the contacts 22o. To ensure that the circuit through contacts 2i2, 213 and 22o remains closed long enough to start the traction motor in the reverse direction, the end of piston 230 is provided with a shoulder 24o which is tapered 242 of the Nocken Zoo works together. When the camshaft 99 revolves, the cam initially strikes the end of the piston 230, pushing it back far enough to allow the lug 236 to snap into place behind the tappet 214. Then the zoo cam comes from the end of the piston. free and allows this to go to the right under the action of the spring 233, the circuit passing through the terminals 22o being disconnected. Eventually, when cam zoo clears the end of piston 230 , it will still hold shoulder 24o of the piston and thereby interrupt outward movement of the piston under the action of spring 233 long enough to ensure that the motor will start in the reverse direction. Only then does the bevel 242 of the nock 200 come free from the shoulder 240 of the piston, whereupon it is pushed all the way to the right by the spring 233 and causes the circuit to be separated by the contacts -22o and the circuit to be closed by the contacts 217 . The switch illustrated in FIG. 18 with only one switching position, which brings about the shutdown of the machine, consists of a carrier 245 and a switching arm 2d: 6 articulated thereon at 247. The carrier is pivotably mounted on a pin 2d8 within the housing Zog. His switching arm carries a rail 25o, which is provided with contacts -252 and 233 (Fig. 7 and 8). These can complete a circuit through contacts 254 (Figures 18 and 25). The machine will stop if this circuit is disconnected.

A plunger 256 is guided in the support 245 of the switch, and a helical spring 258 is inserted between this and the switching arm 246. It is used to push the plunger down and the switch arm upwards. A spring piston 26o is attached in an articulated manner to the carrier 245 at point 261 and guided in a bore 262 of the end plate 225. It is urged upward by a coil spring 263 surrounding its tapered end. This spring seeks the carrier 245 to rotate its pin 248 into the current-short position. In the opposite direction to the separation of the circuit, the carrier -2d.5 can be pivoted by a spring piston 265. This is guided in a bore in the end plate 225 and is pressed outward by a helical spring 266 surrounding its tapered end. which is inserted between a collar of the piston and a cover plate 267 which is attached to the plate 225.

At its end, the piston 265 has a nose 268 with an inclined edge. When the cam 2o z hits the piston 265 as the shaft gj rotates, the piston is displaced inwardly against the force of the spring 266, and the lug 268 slides under the tappet 256, the end of which is beveled according to the inclined surface of the lug . If the Noclzen toi releases the end of the piston 265, it goes outwards again under the force of the spring 266, and here its nose 268 strikes the plunger 256 and pivots the carrier 245 about its bearing point 248 in such a way that the contacts 252 and 253 slide off the mating contacts 23d and disconnect the circuit. This stops the machine. When it moves outwards under the action of spring 266, the piston slides

with its lase268 from the plunger 256 a1), and the switch closes then again under the action of the spring piston 26o.

L m to prevent the switch from closing again before the Machine starter circuit really broken

3 is permissible, the movement of the carrier 2.1.

slows down a shock absorber. This consists of a piston plate 2; 7o (Fig. 18). which sits on the piston -26o between a collar and a nut 27i and is guided in a cylindrical recess 2, ^ 2. It closes almost airtight against the cylinder walls and is provided with valve bores 273, over which a disk 27.5 slidably guided on the piston rod lies. This disk can move up and down a little. If the piston 26o goes down with the opening of the switch, the air can flow freely through the bores 273 of the plate 27 () so that the piston is not inhibited. If, however, the spring piston 26o goes up so as not to close the switch, the disk 2; 7,5 lies on the mouths of the bores 273 and closes them off, so that the ones enclosed by the piston plate 27o in the cylinder 2; 72 Air can only escape slowly and inhibits the upward movement of the spring piston 26o. The switch is therefore only closed again when the starter of the machine has come into operation and the machine has really come to a standstill.

In order to prevent the lapping or smoothing agent from splashing around and also to protect the operating personnel from injuries during lapping or smoothing, the gear wheels to be treated are surrounded by a protective shield. This consists of a fixed housing 28o (FIGS. I and 13) and a flap 282 seated rotatably on it. The housing 280 is fastened to the base plate 3o of the machine in such a way that it encloses the ring gear and scoring during smoothing or lapping (see FIG. 2). If the flap 282 is opened, the treated gears can be approached and, after finishing the smoothing or lapping treatment, they can be unclamped and new workpieces can be clamped.

The flap 282 is fastened to the housing 280 by a hinge pin 283 which is surrounded by a coil spring 294. which engages with one end on the flap and with the other on the housing and keeps the flap in its respective position in equilibrium. With the help of a side handle 285 the flap can be easily opened and closed.

The lapping agent is fed to the gearwheels with the aid of a pump, shown in dashed lines in FIG terminate in an elbow 29o (Figs. 13 and 14). That; Elbow 29o has one or more holes 292 through which the lapping agent can run down into a receiving funnel 293. This funnel is bolted to flap 282 at 29.4. A hose 295 connects to it, which leads to a nozzle 296. The nozzle sits on a holder 297, which sits vertically and horizontally displaceably on a second holder 298, which can be horizontally adjusted on a support plate 299. The plate 299 is guided horizontally between ribs 3oo of the flap 282, specifically by means of strips 302 and screws 3o3. In this way, the support plate 299 can be displaced at right angles to the direction of adjustment of the holder 298.

The holder 297 is in its respective setting position on the holder 298 fastened by a screw 3o4 that goes through the vertical slot 3o5 of the holder 297 and through the horizontal slot 3o6 of the holder 298 passes. The holder 298 is clamped in its respective setting position on the plate 299 by bolts 308, which pass through horizontal slots 309 of an approach, 310 of the support plate.

The various settings described allow the lapping agent the gears to be lapped upon closing the flap 282 at any point desired to feed.

The excess of the lapping agent delivered by the pump that is not flows through the opening 292, flows further via the elbow 290 into a Return pipe 315 past the gears and finally into the bottom of the shield 28o. From there it flows back to the pump through the return line 316. That. Tube 289. is usually dimensioned so long that the tube 290 in the housing 28o to protrudes at the front to over the gears to be lapped. When the flap 282 is open is, the lapping agent flows out of the bore 292 in the knee 29o, simply descends and enters the bottom of the housing 28o. From there it flows through the line 316 to the pump again.

To prevent the machine from smoothing or lapping without To close the flap 282, a switch 320 with two switch positions is on the housing 280 attached, in such a way that the seated on the switching arm 322 roller 32i of the Flap 282 flange must be pushed back to close the switch, before the motors 4o and 6o to drive the gears and to bring about the Smoothing and lapping movements can be started.

tim to let the gears run under load during testing, a conventional handbrake can be used, as described in patent specification 561 231 is shown. It is operated with the help of the hand lever 325 (Fig. 2) and acts on the brake drum 184 (Fig. 3).

In order, however, to be as soft as possible during flapping and smoothing and to maintain uniform movement and the emergence of clearance between to prevent the gears, eliminating the errors to be lapped away or smoothed out would at most be enlarged, it has proven useful to use one for playing games Serving brake to be provided during the entire smoothing or lapping process puts some pressure on the gears. The machine according to the present invention is equipped with an improved backlash absorption brake of this type, which is now should be described.

On the front plate 332 of the handbrake mechanism (Fig. 3) is at 334 (Fig. io) a housing 330 (Fig. 9 and io) screwed on, which is the oil sump for a pump records. The face plate 332 is on the plate 335 of the handbrake mechanism with a bolt 336, which are screwed into the eyes of the shield. That. Shield is on attached to spacer 18o by bolts 338 which pass through eyes of the shield and screwed into the spacer.

On one side of the case. 33q, a bracket 341 is screwed on at 342 and carries a tooth, ra, d pump 340. This pump is driven from the shaft 48 via a belt drive with the pulleys 337 and 339 and the belt 343. Hoses 344 and 345 are connected to the inlets and outlets of the pump. The hose 344 is connected by an elbow 346 (FIG. 10) to a line 347 which runs in one wall of the housing 330 and into a shaft 348 in the floor of the housing 330 passes (Figure 9 and ii). Two parallel bores 349 and 35o lead down from this shaft; the first of which communicates with a bore 351 usually closed by a spring-loaded valve 353. The valve body is guided in the bore 351 and in bores aligned with this in the bottom of the housing 330. Its coil spring 354 seeks to keep the valve body in the closed position. Their tension can be adjusted by screw 355 and hand wheel 356.

The valve 353 has an opening 358 through which the liquid emerges from the pressure line 551 and flows back to the sump 36o when the valve is opened by the pressure of the oil. which flows through line 3d.1 from the outlet of pump 340 into bore 351 .

When the pump delivers into the line 3-1d1, the bore 350 is closed by a ball check valve 361 which is located in the connection between the bore 350 and a channel 36 2 leading back to the sump. If, however, the gear pump 340 rotates in the opposite direction of rotation and the line 344 is on the suction side: the pump, the valve 36r opens. and the OI is drawn in from the sump 36o towards the pump. The hose 345 leads to a channel

363, which corresponds to the channel 347 and in turn leads to a shaft corresponding to the shaft 348. From there, two bores go downwards corresponding to bores 349 and 350, one of which is closed by a spring-loaded and the other by a check valve, corresponding to valves 353 and 3fzr. The two channels are in communication with the sump 36o when the spring-loaded valve bzii. the check valve opens. Here, too, a handwheel is provided to control the spring tension of the valve. It is labeled 365 ..

If the `@ elIe d8 of the ring gear rotates in one direction of rotation, the pump 340 is driven in such a way that it removes the oil from the sump via 36 1 . 350, 348, 3 4 7. 346 and 344 and conveys it back to the sump via 345.3 (i3 and the valve spring-loaded corresponding to the valve 353 °. With this direction of rotation of the shaft, the drive speed of the pump and thus of the shaft itself determines the setting of the handwheel 365 and of the spring-loaded valve that can be adjusted thereby, so that any load on the shaft can be brought about when the shaft 48 rotates in this direction.

Run the wave d18. and the gears to be treated driven by it in the opposite direction, the pump sucks the oil from the sump 360 via the ball check valve corresponding to the valve 361 and the lines 363 and 345 and delivers the oil back to the sump via 3-1 --a-, 347e 348-. 349, 353 and 368. The drive torque of the pump and thus the load on the shaft 48 can be determined by adjusting the spring-loaded valve 353 by means of the handwheel 356. The gears to be lapped or smoothed can therefore be loaded as desired during their rotation in one direction or the other. Pressure gauges 373 and 373 each indicate exactly the set braking load.

A feature of the present invention is that the positioner for adjusting the pinion plug 31 is provided with a special measuring device. which enables a very precise adjustment of the pinion head in such a way that the Ritze 'P can be brought into the correct engagement with the ring gear (for lapping or testing. The RitzellcOpf 31 is adjustable with the aid of a screw spindle 370 i FIG. 12). the nut 371 of which is attached to the pinion head 31. The shaft 370 is connected by a spring and NTut to a bushing 372 to which a handwheel 37.M is attached. Furthermore, the pinion head can be displaced by means of a piston 375 which is connected by a piston rod 376 and which is guided in a cylinder 39: z which is somehow attached to the base plate of the machine. The piston rod 376 is connected to a yoke 378 by a nut 377. This yoke is connected to the screw spindle 370 by ball bearings 379 "n (1 38 <, and a nut 382).

The piston 37.3 can be controlled by a manual valve, but this need not be explained in more detail here. A plate 385 is attached to the yoke 378 with a hook 386 at one end thereof. and this hook can hit the shorter arm of a bell crank 387 enlarging the display. the hot 388 is pivotably mounted on a plate 389. This sign is attached to the base plate 3o of the machine. The long arm of the angle lever 387 plays with its end at the tip of a measuring scale 390 of the usual type, which also sits on the plate 389. To be able to read the lIel @ shala accurately. a glass window 392 is provided in your sign.

For accurate lapping or testing, the gears must be in terms of their The depth of engagement must be set very precisely. This is now described with the Facility made possible by first precisely determining the location in which the lowest possible engagement of the pinion with the ring gear results, the position So: in which the ends of the pinion teeth at the bottom of the tooth gaps of the ring gear issue. Then one pulls the crack back such a distance that it goes along with it meshes with the ring gear in the correct engagement depth.

L'm to determine the meshing position of the pinion. the teeth of the ring gear are aligned with the tooth gaps of the pinion, and then the pinion head 31 is advanced to the end position of the piston 375 in the cylinder 395, whereby the ring gear and pinion mesh. During its movement, the piston takes the piston rod 376, the yoke 378 and the screw spindle 370 and the bush 372 with it. Immediately before the piston 375 has reached its end position, the. Hooks 386 on the plate 385 on the short arm of the lever 387 and thus: gives the contact tip of the scale 390 a movement which is indicated by the latter. When the piston 375 has reached its right end position, it is moved by turning the handwheel. 374 the pinion head: f 31 forwards until you have reached the greatest depth of engagement. At the moment when the scoring teeth hit the base of the tooth gaps of the ring gear, this impact is transmitted back through the head 31, the nut 371 and the spindle 370 and causes a slight displacement of the yoke 378 taken to the left, and this small shift is shown enlarged by the lever 387 on the scale, so that you immediately know that the lowest engagement position has been reached. The handwheel 374 is then turned back by the prescribed amount, whereby the pinion is withdrawn to the correct position of engagement, in which the pinion and crown wheel run exactly with one another. Usually this is where the pitch cones touch each other. During the retraction movement there is a mutual displacement between the head 31 and the piston 375 because the spindle 370 is screwed into the nut 371. The extent of the retraction movement can be measured precisely with the aid of the micrometer graduation 396. This division is shifted in relation to a zero line on the face plate 397 of the cylinder 395.

Once the exact meshing position of the two gears has been determined, the setting of the adjusting screw can be maintained as long as gear pairs of the same dimensions are to be machined. In order to clamp the next pair of gears, one then only needs to advance the piston 375 within: its cylinder to its end position. The precise setting of the spindle 370 does not need to be repeated until gears of different dimensions are to be lapped or checked.

To flap, the toothed plate and pinion are left in mesh with one another revolve while the holder 52 is rotated back and forth to the ring gear a To give eccentric movement and while the bush 51 is moved back and forth, to change the depth of engagement of the gear periodically. For the testing process You just let the gears run together while the holder and bushing stand still. One possibility of the circuit diagram is to be explained below, with the help of which these working methods can be carried out. First of all, be the for Flap serving circuit is described with reference to Fig.25.

An electrical start button 400 and an electrical stop button 4o1 are located on the machine in a conveniently accessible place (Fig: 25). The start button is usually in the open position while the stop button is usually closed. To flap, the flap 282 (Fig. 13) of the shield 28o must be closed before the machine can be started, so that the switch 32o is in the position of FIG Contacts 403 and 404 bridged. The shaft 99 'must also assume such a position in the axial direction that it holds its cam 132 (FIG. 7) in contact with the roller 135 so that the holder 52 can be given the oscillating movement. In this position of the shaft, the switch 196 assumes the position shown in FIG. 25, in which the rail 406 bridges the poles 40.7 and 408. The reversing switch 2o5 is in the position of FIGS. 17 and 25, in which the rail 216 and the contacts carried by it bridge the contacts 217. The shutdown switch 245 is in the position of FIGS. 18 and 25, in which the rail 25o bridges the contacts 254.

If you press the start button 4oo, the following circuit is established. made: main line L., line 41 o, contacts 40-3 and 404, rail4o2, lines412, 413 and 414, contacts 415 and 416, start button switch 400, line 418; Solenoid 420a lines 42r and 422, contacts 423 and .a.24, shutdown switch: r 401, line 425, contacts 254 and bar 25o of the starter switch. 245, line 426, contacts 427 and 428 and rail 429 of the reverse starter for the main drive @ b: smoto: r 4o of the machine; Line 430, contacts 431 and 432, and rail 433 of the forward starter of motor 40, line 435, contacts 436 and 437 and rail 438 of the starter for the oscillating drive motor: tor 6o (Fig. 7) and main line L2. In this circuit the coil 420 is energized to close two normally open contacts of the relay 44o.

As soon as that, relay 44o clocked its work contact. closes, becomes a Circuit closed, the: forward starter and the vibratory drive @ sanlasser excited. The circuit for the forward starter is as follows: Leads L1 and 442, contacts 443 and 44-1 and rail 4.4.> of the relay -4o, Line 446, coil ..4; of the forward starter, lines .a..18 and 42a, shutdown switch 4O1 and the previously described connections leading to line L. The circuit for the vibratory drive starter runs as follows: main line L1, line 45-2, Contacts .a.53 and 454 and rail 455 of relay 44o, wire d.56, coil 457 of Vibratory drive starter. Lines 458, ..1..f8 and 422, Stillsctzschalter4oi and Main line L.,.

When the coil d4; is energized, it pulls the switch arms 46o, 461 and 462 in the final position so that they rest on contacts 464, 465 and 466 and a circuit for the main drive motor 4o through the forward starter and the Lines 4f8. .a_69 and 470 close. This sets the motor 4o in motion and drives the meshing gears P and G in the forward direction. To the at the same time that the coil d47, when excited, puts the switch arms in the final position transferred, it also closes switch 47.2.

When excited, the coil 45; 7 transfers the arms 475, 476, -177 and: a_78 to the current short position, so that these with the contacts 480.481. Connect 482 and 483 of the vibratory drive starter. The arms 475 ,: 176 and 477 create a circuit via the lines ..185, 486, q.87 with the effect that the motor 6o for the oscillating drive (zig. 7) starts. This motor then rotates the holder d42 back and forth and at the same time causes the bushing 51 to be displaced back and forth in the holder, as a result of which the gear wheel G with respect to the pinion P is given both an eccentric movement and an axial movement. The starter button switch 4oo is usually open. ##% If you let go of it, it immediately disconnects its circuit again, whereby the coil 42o is de-energized. The contacts of relay 44o are normally open contacts, which are then interrupted. ",-earth. This separates the circuit described for coils 4'1.7 and 457, but a new circuit is established for these coils via switches 472 and 478 so that motors 40 and 60 do not stop.

The circuit of the coil d._17 remains from the line L1 on the following Maintaining paths: line d.io, contacts .403 and 4o4, rail 402. line 411, K = contacts 4o8 and 4o7, rail 4o6. Lines 412, 49o and 491, contacts d.92, Switch arms d.72, line 494. Contacts 217 and rail 216 of switch 2o5, lines 495 and .a ..: 16, coil 447, lines 448 and 422, stop button 4oi and the already described connections to the main line L =. The circuit of coil 457 becomes Maintained from the main line L1 via the following connections: Lines 4i2, .9o and 497, contacts d.83, switch d4, ~ 8, wire d498, coil d45 ;. cables 458, ..1..1.8 and 422 and starter button 4oi.

The described circuits for the main drive motor 40 and the oscillating drive motor!, 0 remain in place until the cam Zoo (Fig. 7 and i8) the switch 2o5 turns over and thereby the circuit of a rail 216 with the contacts 21; separates and establishes the current connection between the rail 218 and the contacts 22o.

If the current connection between the rail 216 and the poles 217 is interrupted, then the coil 44 is de-energized. The switching arms 46o, 461 and 462 and 4a.; 2 go into the disconnected position, so that the main drive motor 4o stops. As soon as the contact bar 218 establishes the current connection with the contacts 220, the main drive motor is started again, only in the opposite direction. Rail -218 creates the following circuit with terminals 220: lines L1 and 4io, contacts 403 and 40d, switch rail 402 of switch 320, line 411, contacts 4o8 and 4o7 and rail 4oF of switch 196, lines 412, 413 and 5oo, contacts 22o and rail 218 of the switching arm 207, lines 5oi and 502, coil 503 of the reverse starter, line 5o4, Ixitungen 448 and .122, stop button switch .loi and the connections to the main line L, already explained. As a result, the coil 503 crr gt, which in turn moves the switching arms 505, 506 and 507 and 508 into the current short position.

The switching arms 505, 5o6, and 5o7 close with the contacts 510, 511 and 512 the circuit of the main motor 4o for its reverse rotation via the lines 514, 515 and .316. As already explained, the projection of the cam Zoo lies on the shoulder 24o of the piston 23o (FIG. 17) only as long as it is necessary to ensure the restart of the drive motor 4o in the reverse direction. Then the cam slides off the shoulder of the piston, and this then separates the circuit between the rail 218 and the contacts 220 of the switch 205 again. Nevertheless, the circuit for coil 503 is maintained, namely from line L1 via line 4io, switch 320, line 4i i, switch 196, lines 412 and 49o, contact 520, switch 5o8, coil 503, lines 504, .a .. 18 and d.22, stop button switch 4oi and via the connections to the main line L, already explained.

The main drive motor -o continues to drive the tickle P and the ring gear G in the reverse direction until finally the cam gor (FIG. 18) switches the switch 245. Then the circuit of the coils 503 and 457 is separated via the push-button switch 401, so that both motors 40 and 6o stop. As a result, the machine is completely brought to a standstill after all operations have been completed during one revolution of the camshaft 99. The shutdown switch 245 closes again automatically. However, the restoration of its current connection is delayed so long by the shock absorber 27o that the circuit of the coils 503 and 457 is now separated and the switching arms 5o8 and 478 go into the separated position. Then, when switch 245 closes again, motors 40 and 6o will not restart. Rather, they can only be started again when the starter button 400 is pressed again. When that happens, a new work cycle begins.

To use the machine for testing gears, the camshaft 99 must be moved in the axial direction by the lever 153 (FIG. 7) in order to bring the round disk into contact with the roller 135 instead of the cam 132. The axles must. of the ring gear G and the tickle. P remain stationary, and the ring gear must neither perform a movement in the axial direction nor an oscillating movement. The flap 28.2 of the shield 28o (FIGS. I and 13) also remains open during testing.

If the camshaft 99 is displaced in order to bring the roller 135 into contact with the disk 131, the arm of the switch 196 is adjusted in such a way that its rail 4o6 separates the circuit with the contacts 407 and 4o8, while the rail 525 of the. Switch 'enters current circuit with the contacts 526 and 527. If the flap 282 of the shield 28o is opened, the switching arm of the switch 320 turns over by itself and disconnects the circuit between the rail 4o2 and the contacts 403 and 404, while at the same time an electrical connection is established between the rail 528 of this switch and the contacts: 529 and 53o. Then the machine is ready to test gears.

Two starter pushbutton switches are provided for the test process, of which one, 532, during the run in forward direction and the other, 533, must be operated in reverse direction while running. Usually are both. Push button switch open.

Pressing switch 532 creates the following circuit: Leads L1 and 538., contacts 529 and 530 and rail 528 of switch 32o, lead 536, contacts 527 and 526 and rail 525 of switch 196, line 537, contacts 538 and 539, push button switch 532, leads 54o and 446, coil447, leads448 und422, push-button switch 4oi and the connections to the main line already described L2.

In this circuit, the coil 447 is energized and switches the arms 46o, 461 and 462 in the current short position, whereby the motor 4o comes into operation and Driving the Ritzes P and the ring gear Gin forward direction for the purpose of testing.

When the start button 533 is pressed, the following circuit is established: leads: Li and 535, switch 32o, lead 536, switch 196, leads 537 and 542, contacts 543 and 544, push button switch 533, leads 545 and 5o2, coil 503, leads 504 , 448 and 422, shutdown switch 4oi and the already discussed connections to the main line L2. In this circuit, the coil 503 is energized and closes the switching arms 505, 506 and 507, so that the main motor 40 comes in reverse direction.

As can be seen, the motor 40 runs during testing only as long as the pushbutton switch 532 or 533 is held down. You must therefore continuously press the button in question with your finger when testing. Since you have to operate the handbrake lever 325 (Fig.2) with the other hand in order to load the gears to be tested, this arrangement ensures that you do not get your hand between the gears and injure yourself during the test process. This safety circuit is unnecessary when smoothing and lapping because then the flap 282 of the shield 28o must be closed.

When pushbutton switch 532 is pressed, coil 447 is energized and closes switch 472 and switches 464, 465 and 466. However, when the machine is used for testing, closing this switch 472 does not create a circuit through coil 447 because the circuit at contacts 407 and 4o8 of switch 196 and at contacts 403 and 404 of switch 32o is separated. That is why the motor 4o stops running in the forward direction as soon as the push button 532 is released. Even when this switch 533 is pressed, no circuit for the coil 503 is closed by the switch 508. Rather, this coil is only energized as long as the button is held down. As soon as you let go of it, the machine stops. As can be seen, the coil 457 of the starter for the oscillating drive motor is not energized either by pressing button 532 or pressing button 533, because in both cases no circuit is closed through coil .1.2o and relay switch 44o remains open. Therefore, the motor 60 does not start when testing.

A machine constructed in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention. which is used for both smoothing and checking. differs from the preferred Form of an Izo-initiated lapping and testing machine due to the discontinuation of the oscillating drive for the bush 51. Because it is preferred when smoothing, the teeth of the pinion resilient to push as deep as possible into the gaps between the teeth of the ring gear and to put them in to keep this position during the meshing of the crack and the crown wheel. while the holder 52 rotates back and forth about the axis of the ring gear by an eccentric for this purpose to swivel the axis lying down.

The preferred embodiment of the gear head for a trowel is shown in Fig. D. approved. When comparing with FIG. 3, it can be seen that here the spindle 175 together with the nut 178 and the devices for actuating them have been omitted and that springs are used for this purpose in order to press the ring gear toothing into the pinion toothing in a resilient manner. These springs are designed as helical springs 55o and sit in holes aligned with each other lying 5.52 and 553 of the holder 52 and the sleeve 51. llit one end press against the bottom of the holes 55-a of the holder and with the other end against bolt 55-i, which are provided in the socket:. You therefore push the bushing forward within the holder and so keep the gear resiliently in engagement with the slot.

The operation of the machine built according to the present invention will be briefly summarized below. First you clamp the gears P and G to be lapped. The exact combing position in the depth direction is then determined with the aid of the engagement measuring device, as has already been explained with reference to FIG. This setting process is unnecessary if the machine is already set to gear wheels of the relevant dimensions, i.e. if it is only one pair of gear wheels from an entire series. . Then you only need to bring the crack and the gear into engagement by letting the piston 375 move all the way to the right within the cylinder 395. Then on the camshaft 99 the required cams 13-2 and 158 (Fig. 7! And 8) and the necessary change gears 68,! I9,; 5 and 74 attached. The shaft 99 is adjusted in the axial direction by the lever 153 (FIG. 3) so that the cam 132 rests on the roller 135. If the gears mesh, like that. is the flap? `2 of the shield 28o closed. Then the machine can be started.

To do this, press the start button -oo. This sets the main motor do (Fig. I) in the forward direction and the oscillating motor co in motion. Ritze 'and crown wheel rotate in a meshing manner. where they are driven by the motor -to via the belt drive 41, 42, 43 and the spindle 3 (@ (Fig. i). DLr'Motor 6o drives the camshaft 99 via the gearbox f-13, 64.,! # 8 .; .j. 8d., 87, cgfi and 97 (Figs.; and 8). The camshaft 99 rotates the holder 52 back and forth by means of the neck disc 132, the rod 138 and the yoke 145 @Fig. 7 and 3 ). At the same time, the cam shaft moves the bushing 51 back and forth by means of the cam disk 158, the rod 162, the arm 165, the screw spindle 175 and the nut 178 (FIGS. 3 and 7). In this way, the gear wheel G is given a pivoting movement about the axis of the holder 52 during the meshing with the scoring 'P and at the same time an axial reciprocating movement through the bush 51 of the holder. The pivoting movement is an eccentric movement because of the distance between the axis of the spindle 48 and the axis of the holder 52.

After the gears have meshed in one direction of rotation for a certain period of time (the duration of this period of time is determined by the transmission ratio of the gearbox 68-7.a.), The cam aoo of the shaft 99 hits the piston 230 (Fig. I;) and switches the switch 2o5 over, as a result of which the drive motor 4o is switched off and immediately started again in the opposite direction, as was explained with reference to FIG.

Simultaneously with the reversal of the motor do, the change gear driving the curling shaft is also switched over. The pin ioo of the worm wheel 97 (Fig. 8 ) strikes the arm 103 of the yoke io3 and, with the help of the toggle switch, moves the slot 87 out of engagement with the gear wheel 84 and in engagement with the gear wheel 85.

Once these switchovers have taken place, toothed disc G and Ritze 'run P in the opposite direction. but the torsional oscillation of the holder lasts 52 and the reciprocation of bushing 51. Thus, the gear G leads its Eccentric oscillation and axial reciprocation out while it is engaged with around the crack 'P in the opposite direction. the The duration during which this working method is continued depends on the translation ratio of the change gears 6g: and 75 from :. Because as soon as the cam burned through this while circulating the shaft 9g abuts against the spring piston 265 (FIG. 18) and the switch 245 is switched over the machine stops. The lapping process is then finished and you can then unclamp the lobed gears and set up two new gears.

The: schematic representations of Fig. Ig bi0 24 show the effect of the cam 158, the screw spindle 175 and the nut 178 during lapping. The Fig. Ig. 20 and 20 show a ring gear G and a pinion P in the correct position in which they are to mesh with one another. Here, their cone tips 566 and 565 coincide. The flanks 561 and 562 of a tooth gap bear on the flanks 563 and 564 of the engaging tooth. only along a central flank section. To achieve this local. Restriction of the carrying of the tooth flanks, the curvatures of the tooth flanks in the longitudinal direction differ somewhat: from each other: as can be seen in the drawing.

The torsional vibration of the holder. 52 now has the effect that the ring gear got out of its correct middle: position of engagement with respect to the pinion and first to one and then to the other end of the pinion tooth shifts towards; swinging above and below the center point at the same time.

When the holder 52 vibrates in the one direction in which the Ring gear is moved towards the thicker end of the pinion tooth, moves the load-bearing surface of the tooth flanks lying on top of one another differs from the one shown in the figure: ig and 2o shown middle position: towards the thicker tooth end of the pinion, like: Fig. 21 and 22 can be seen. During this movement, the tip of the cone moves away 565 of the ring gear obliquely upwards from the cone tip 56o of the pinion. Here the curved flank 56: 2 of the ring gear tooth would now be on, the hollow flank 56: q. of the pinion tooth at its tapered end if the ring gear is not somewhat retracted in the axial direction from the pinion. would. This to avoid the necessary retraction of the ring gear takes place automatically by the Cam 158 and through the screw spindle rotated by it i75.

If the holder 52 rotates in the opposite direction; Direction so shifts the bearing surface of the tooth flanks of the crown wheel and pinion towards the tapered end of the pinion tooth, as shown in: Figs. 23 and 24 can be seen. removed here The cone tip of the ring gear is opposite from the cone tip of this pinion in the opposite one Direction as before. Even with this movement, jamming between the hollow flank of the pinion tooth and the curved flank of the toothed gear tooth enter the thicker tooth end, as shown in FIG. 23. This becomes automatic with the rag avoided by the automatic retraction of the ring gear. in the axial direction by means of. the displacement of the socket 5 i by the cam 158 and the screw spindle 175.

With the known lapping machines, no provision was made to to automatically bring about an axial displacement during the oscillating movement of the ring gear holder. When setting for the. The lapping process was therefore the depth of engagement of the pinion and Crown wheel like that. dimensioned small that a jamming of the tooth flanks at the reversal points the swinging movement of the ring gear holder was avoided. Had this attitude but the disadvantage that the ring gear in its middle position corresponding to FIG. 1g did not have the necessary depth of engagement with respect to the pinion and therefore an excessive one Has clearance compared to the pinion. Nor could the rag up to one as great a depth of engagement as can be achieved by the present invention is made possible. Because this is an automatic adjustment of the depth of engagement provides and it thus: enables the tooth flanks to be prevented from jamming automatically, a certain amount of leeway is maintained unchanged during the lapping process.

In one carried out according to the rules of the present invention The way of working is the smoothing machine: as with lapping with the only exception, that the control of the depth of engagement of the ring gear. no longer applies. Instead, run Crown wheel and pinion with deepest possible engagement; since they are yielding in this position through the springs'55o during the entire smoothing process. being held..

To test a pair of gears on a lapping machine or smoothing machine according to the present invention: the shaft gg is shifted so that the disc 131 rests against the roller 135 (FIG. 7). The flap 282 of the protective shield 28o is then opened. For testing, the gears rotate in mesh with one another without the holder performing its torsional vibration or the ring gear performing its axial reciprocating motion. To test the gears while combing in the forward direction, one must hold down the starter button switch 532 (Fig. 25) with the finger of one hand while finitely holding the brake lever 3-2j with the other hand. a) operated to load the gears. If you have convinced yourself that the gears are running properly in the forward direction, you release the button 532 and can then check the gears in the opposite direction of rotation by pressing the starter button switch 533 and operating the brake lever 325 again. When this is done, the starter button 533 is released . The machine then stops.

Albeit the invention in the foregoing with reference to certain exemplary embodiments and certain `# i-uses have been described, it goes without saying that it is capable of numerous modifications and various uses and protection is sought for all modifications, uses and adaptations of the invention, as it is inenbaugebäuglichen measures in machine tools result.

Claims (14)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Process for finishing gears with im Axes lying at an angle to each other and with tapering from one end to the other Teeth in which one gear is grilled with its mating gear or a tool wheel revolves and the gears simultaneously move in the longitudinal direction of the tooth of one of the wheels. characterized in that at the same time one controlled movement in the direction ds engagement depth between. the two gears (G and P) is created for the purpose of increasing the amount of clearance between the gears to dominate. 2. Machine according to claim i with two workpiece spindles at an angle to each other, each carrying a gear wheel, one of which is seated in a vibrating holder whose axis runs parallel to the spindle axis at some distance therefrom, characterized by a switching mechanism (175, 178) , which simultaneously brings about a controlled relative reciprocating movement in the axial direction of the workpiece spindle (.18) mounted in the oscillating holder (j2) between the two workpieces. for the purpose of controlling the amount of clearance between the wheels b ° i their crests. 3. Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that that the relative reciprocation by sliding the bushing (> i) is brought about, in which one workpiece spindle (-IS) is stored and the one in the holder (52) is slidable. - .. Machine according to claim 3. Characterized. that the switch «-erk zuin Hinundlierbewegung en the socket (; i) from a screw spindle (175) exists. which rotated back and forth: is controlled by a cam! i jS), which is im Clock with the itching (i32) which controls the scb, ving movement of the holder will. j. Machine according to claim .l. thereby g`l; ennz_eichnet. that the cam (1.; 8) toin turning the screw spindle! 1; 75) sits on the same shaft @ y9) as the "- cam (13j) for turning the holder 1 52) back and forth. 6. machine For finishing gears with two at an angle to each other, one each bearing workpiece spindles. one of which sits in a swinging holder. whose axis runs parallel to the spindle axis at some distance from it. whereby the oscillation of the holder causes one of the spindles in opposite directions Directions of rotation can be driven, in particular according to claims i to j, characterized in that that the oscillating drive for the holder (j2) causing NOCkeii (i32) with your a section of his curia shows the oscillation of the holder as the spindles revolve (3f @ .48) steers in one direction and with the other all-section of its curve the vibration of the holder when the spindles rotate in the opposite direction controls. . Machine according to claim (- #. Characterized in that devices to drive the camshaft (gg) at different speeds for the two Directions of rotation of spindles # 36, 48) are provided. B. Machine according to claim; . characterized. that to drive the loclzen-, cell (gg) at different speeds, two change gear groups (, 6g, 75, 85 and (_S.; 74 # 8d.) are used, which can be optionally coupled to the camshaft and are connected by a switching, Verk the spindles are alternately engaged and disengaged when reversing g. Machine according to claim B. characterized in that the camshaft (9g) controls the engagement and disengagement of the two change gear groups (6g. 75, 8; and 68, 7d, 8d.). ok Machine according to claim 6 to g. characterized. that the @ ockeli-, velle (9g ) controls the direction of rotation of the spindles (36, d.8). i i. Machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the camshaft (99) . a switching mechanism (2o @ i, 265) for stopping the machine after executing a full revolution of the camshaft is coupled. 12. Machine after one of the Claims 6 to i i, characterized in that the electric motor (4o) for driving of the spindles (36, 48) by two starters that determine its direction of rotation (Fig. 25) is controlled, one of which after a partial revolution of the camshaft (99) through a cam (2oo) is switched and the motor (4o) reverses and of which the other after completing the revolution of the camshaft: (99) through a second one Cam (toi, Fig. 18) is switched and then the spindle drive motor (4o) s: t stops. 13. Machine according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that for Purpose of checking the gears (G, P) as they revolve in mesh with one another: to be able to, by shifting the camshaft (99) the cam oscillating drive, (138) for the Holder (52) of the ring gear (G) can be switched off, a handbrake for loading the gears are provided during the test and are usually switched off Push-button switches (Fig. 25) are provided for controlling the drive motor (4o), whose circuit circuit is made so that the machine with an effective cam oscillating drive only then. can be set in motion when a protective shield surrounding the gears (282) is closed, and only in Can be held if the pushbutton switch is kept depressed. 14. Machine according to claim i to 13, characterized by a device (3q.0) driven by one of the two spindles for continuously loading the spindles with a braking load during the finishing process. To distinguish the subject matter of the invention from the state of the art, the following publications were taken into account in the granting procedure: German patents. No. 56,1 231, 588 952, 481 762; French Patent No. 474216; U.S. Patent No. 1 154830-