DE741388C - Process for the production of light and medium oils from coals, tars, mineral oils or their distillates, extracts and residues - Google Patents

Description

Process for the production of light and medium oils from coals, tars, Mineral oils or their distillates, extracts and residues during manufacture of light and medium oils from coal, tars, mineral oils, their distillation and extraction products as well as residues by treatment with hydrogen, expedient in flowing state, at elevated temperature and under pressure in the presence of halogen containing catalysts has been shown to be used as catalysts with advantage organic chlorine compounds are used. Excellent yields are achieved here Obtain hydrocarbon oils.

The organic chlorine compounds are, insofar as they are in liquid Form present, conveniently simple with the hydrocarbon channels to be treated mixed or the solid carbonaceous raw materials, such as coal, soaked with it, whereby always an excellent distribution of the catalyst in the hydrogenation material is guaranteed. There is no formation of polymerization products, such as it when using. free halogen, e.g. B. iodine, is often the case.

Examples of organic chlorine compounds are carbon tetrachloride, Chloroform, the chlorine compounds of benzene, naphthalene, toluene, xylene, - phenol ,. Cresol, anthraquinone and methyl, ethyl, methylene, and ethylene chloride can be considered. Mixtures containing these compounds can also be used. Further can together with the organic chlorine compounds. Means of distribution, such as Grude, active charcoal, active silica or fuller's earth, or the halide.e or nitrides of lithium, copper, silver, magnesium, zinc, tin, cadmium, aluminum, silicon, Titanium, manganese, rhenium, nickel, cobalt or iron can be used.

In particular, lignite and hard coal may be mentioned as starting materials or peat, also oil shale, tars, mineral oils or their fractions or fission or pressure hydrogenation products of carbonaceous substances. Also for processing Asphaltenes and resins as well as for refining or improving liquid carbonaceous Substances such as gasoline, benzene, petroleum, lubricating oils or tar fractions, also for The catalysts are advantageously suitable for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons.

The reaction can be carried out both in the liquid and in the gas phase, in the latter case in particular with medium oils, and runs under the known conditions changes in temperature and pressure, .z. B. at temperatures of 25o to 6oo °, and Printing from 2o, expediently more than So, z. B. Zoo, 200, Soo or iooo at. The catalyst is added neither before entering the heating zone or `nourishing the warming or during the Reaction. When using catalytic the individual constituents parts of the mixture with those to be treated Fabrics at different points of the appar # - ture to be brought together. It can be under Circumstances can also be beneficial to being active 'Charcoal, pumice stone, active silica or Pottery shards for themselves firmly in the to arrange the action oven and the exit substances with volatile halogen compounds to pass on. The catalyst to be added The amount of sator is within the limits of o, oi to 10% or more, expediently o, oi to 3 %. It has also proven advantageous the hydrogenation gas, which is particularly important to achieve this high yields in the flowing state use a small amount of halogen hydrogen, e.g. B. bromine or chlorinated water substance, about 0.5 to 5% or more, add. Example i Finely ground hard coal is mixed with i 0/0 Grude and made into a paste with a heavy oil from the pressure hydrogenation of the same coal in the ratio i: i. The coal pulp is passed through a gas-heated preheater together with hydrogen under a pressure of aoo at after the addition of 0.75% tetrachloride carbon (based on the coal). From here it gets into a reaction furnace and then into a separating vessel which is kept at a temperature around 40 ° lower and in which the high-boiling components are separated from the vaporous components. In this way, 91% of the coal is converted into mainly liquid components, 94% of which in turn consist of gasoline and medium oil. Example If you pass through a high pressure pipe, which is filled with potsherds and is kept at a temperature of 46o ', at zoo at pressure the vapors of a luminous oil of the spec. Weight 0.778, of which 7.31110 boil up to 130 ° and 30.2% boil up to Zoo ", together with hydrogen and 1 percent by weight of chlorine in the form of chlorobenzene, based on the luminous oil, a product is obtained from which 18, Boiling 5% up to 180 ° and 40.5% up to 20000. If iodobenzene is used instead of chlorobenzene, also in an amount of 10/0 death as iodobenzene, a product is obtained which is 16.6% % contains up to 180 ° and 39.31 / 0 up to zoo °. The yields with chlorobenzene are thus higher than those with iodobenzene, which, taking into account the fact that chlorine as such and also in the form of its compounds, is considerably easier available and cheaper than iodine and its compounds, constituting a notable technical advantage.

Claims (1)

Claim: Process for the production of light and medium oils from coals, tars, mineral oils or their distillates, extracts and residues by pressure hydrogenation in the presence of halogen-containing catalysts, characterized in that organic chlorine compounds are used as catalysts alone or in the presence of others, optionally catalytically active substances with the exception of the metals of the fifth and sixth group of the periodic table or their compounds or the oxides, sulfides or phosphates of other metals according to patent 72: 2405. To distinguish the subject of the application from the state of the art, the following publications were considered in the granting procedure: Austrian patent specification No. 12041l; British - - 299021.