DE60228685D1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mikrofluidischen Bauteiles - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mikrofluidischen BauteilesInfo
- Publication number
- DE60228685D1 DE60228685D1 DE60228685T DE60228685T DE60228685D1 DE 60228685 D1 DE60228685 D1 DE 60228685D1 DE 60228685 T DE60228685 T DE 60228685T DE 60228685 T DE60228685 T DE 60228685T DE 60228685 D1 DE60228685 D1 DE 60228685D1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- channel
- osmotic flow
- producing
- electrodes
- electro osmotic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00015—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
- B81C1/00023—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems without movable or flexible elements
- B81C1/00119—Arrangement of basic structures like cavities or channels, e.g. suitable for microfluidic systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502707—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the manufacture of the container or its components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/10—Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
- B01L2300/0874—Three dimensional network
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
- B01L2300/0883—Serpentine channels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0887—Laminated structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0415—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic
- B01L2400/0418—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic electro-osmotic flow [EOF]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2201/00—Specific applications of microelectromechanical systems
- B81B2201/02—Sensors
- B81B2201/0214—Biosensors; Chemical sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2201/00—Specific applications of microelectromechanical systems
- B81B2201/05—Microfluidics
- B81B2201/058—Microfluidics not provided for in B81B2201/051 - B81B2201/054
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2203/00—Basic microelectromechanical structures
- B81B2203/03—Static structures
- B81B2203/0323—Grooves
- B81B2203/0338—Channels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
- B81C2201/01—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C2201/0101—Shaping material; Structuring the bulk substrate or layers on the substrate; Film patterning
- B81C2201/0102—Surface micromachining
- B81C2201/0104—Chemical-mechanical polishing [CMP]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
- G01N33/48707—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material by electrical means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
- Y10T137/218—Means to regulate or vary operation of device
- Y10T137/2191—By non-fluid energy field affecting input [e.g., transducer]
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20020076937 EP1362827B1 (de) | 2002-05-16 | 2002-05-16 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mikrofluidischen Bauteiles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE60228685D1 true DE60228685D1 (de) | 2008-10-16 |
Family
ID=29265983
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE60228685T Expired - Lifetime DE60228685D1 (de) | 2002-05-16 | 2002-05-16 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mikrofluidischen Bauteiles |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7261824B2 (de) |
EP (2) | EP1997772A3 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE407096T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2428980A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE60228685D1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (69)
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US7104112B2 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2006-09-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Phased micro analyzer IV |
DE112004000052T5 (de) * | 2003-02-06 | 2005-08-11 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Mikroreaktor und Herstellungsverfahren für diesen |
TW594007B (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2004-06-21 | Prec Instr Dev Ct Nat | Biochemical detection device and method of magnetic fluid bead control combining digital fluid and electromagnetic field |
WO2005122217A1 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2005-12-22 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Thermosetting polymer bonding for micro electro-mechanical systems |
US7511285B2 (en) * | 2004-07-16 | 2009-03-31 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for biomolecule identification |
WO2006039293A2 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-13 | University Of Virginia Patent Foundation | Localized control of thermal properties on microdevices and applications thereof |
US20060065361A1 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-03-30 | Matthias Stiene | Process for manufacturing an analysis module with accessible electrically conductive contact pads for a microfluidic analytical system |
US20060065532A1 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-03-30 | Matthias Stiene | Microfluidic analytical system with accessible electrically conductive contact pads |
WO2006054238A2 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-05-26 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N. V. | Microfluidic device |
US7483140B1 (en) | 2004-12-10 | 2009-01-27 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Micro integrated planar optical waveguide type SPR sensor |
FR2887030B1 (fr) * | 2005-06-09 | 2008-06-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif planaire avec adressage de puits automatise par electromouillage dynamique |
US7408133B2 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2008-08-05 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method of thermally coupling a flow tube or like component to a thermal sensor and sensor systems formed thereby |
US20070151856A1 (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2007-07-05 | Fazzio R S | Fluidic device having contiguous conductive layer over interior and exterior surfaces thereof |
DE102006004887B4 (de) | 2006-02-03 | 2010-07-22 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Flüssigkeitsströmungen, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und zu ihrem Betrieb sowie ihre Verwendung |
EP2105744B1 (de) * | 2007-01-16 | 2015-10-07 | Konica Minolta Opto, Inc. | Mikrochip und verfahren zur herstellung des mikrochips |
US7798164B2 (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2010-09-21 | California Institute Of Technology | Plasmon assisted control of optofluidics |
WO2008106678A1 (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-04 | Advanced Liquid Logic, Inc. | Droplet actuator structures |
EP2134735A1 (de) * | 2007-03-05 | 2009-12-23 | Anderson Forschung Group LLC | Magnetkügelchenfalle und massenspektrometerschnittstelle |
DE102007018752B4 (de) * | 2007-04-20 | 2011-09-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum geregelten Transport mikrofluidischer Proben |
EP1986007A1 (de) | 2007-04-27 | 2008-10-29 | Radiometer Medical ApS | Sensoranordnung für Körperflüssigkeiten |
CN101360412B (zh) * | 2007-08-03 | 2011-01-19 | 富准精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 微型液体冷却装置及其所采用的微液滴产生器 |
CN101374397B (zh) * | 2007-08-24 | 2010-08-25 | 富准精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 微型液体冷却装置及其所采用的微液滴产生器 |
WO2009032756A2 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-12 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Bio-sensor using gated electrokinetic transport |
US8173080B2 (en) * | 2008-02-14 | 2012-05-08 | Illumina, Inc. | Flow cells and manifolds having an electroosmotic pump |
FR2933316B1 (fr) * | 2008-07-07 | 2010-09-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif microfluide de deplacement controle de liquide |
US8389054B2 (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2013-03-05 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Fabrication technique for metallic devices with embedded optical elements, optical devices, or optical and electrical feedthroughs |
WO2010052387A1 (fr) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-14 | ÉTAT FRANÇAIS représenté par LE DÉLÉGUÉ GÉNÉRAL POUR L'ARMEMENT | Dispositif microfluidique de séparation ou de fractionnement ou de préconcentration d'analytes contenus dans un électrolyte |
WO2010056337A2 (en) | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-20 | Caris Mpi, Inc. | Methods and systems of using exosomes for determining phenotypes |
US8329117B2 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2012-12-11 | Canon U.S. Life Sciences, Inc. | Microfluidic chip features for optical and thermal isolation |
JP5187442B2 (ja) * | 2009-05-15 | 2013-04-24 | コニカミノルタアドバンストレイヤー株式会社 | マイクロチップ |
US9757698B2 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2017-09-12 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Fluid injection |
US8110410B2 (en) | 2009-06-29 | 2012-02-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Nanofludic field effect transistor based on surface charge modulated nanochannel |
US8438903B2 (en) * | 2010-01-27 | 2013-05-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Molecule detection device formed in a semiconductor structure |
JP5808349B2 (ja) | 2010-03-01 | 2015-11-10 | カリス ライフ サイエンシズ スウィッツァーランド ホールディングスゲーエムベーハー | セラノーシスのためのバイオマーカー |
DE102010002990A1 (de) * | 2010-03-18 | 2011-09-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Mikrofluidisches System für Analyse- und Diagnosezwecke sowie entsprechendes Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mikrofluidischen Systems |
KR20130043104A (ko) | 2010-04-06 | 2013-04-29 | 카리스 라이프 사이언스 룩셈부르크 홀딩스 | 질병용 순환 생물학적 지표들 |
US20120044341A1 (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2012-02-23 | Stith Curtis W | Optofluidic microscope system-on-chip |
EP2468403A1 (de) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-06-27 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Herstellungsverfahren für eine mikrofluidische Vorrichtung |
US8973613B2 (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2015-03-10 | Google Inc. | Electrorheological valve |
US9446378B2 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2016-09-20 | Corning Incorporated | Fluidic module permanent stack assemblies and methods |
CN103769252B (zh) * | 2012-10-18 | 2016-01-27 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | 微流控芯片的连接器 |
KR20150090072A (ko) | 2012-10-23 | 2015-08-05 | 카리스 라이프 사이언스 스위스 홀딩스 게엠베하 | 압타머 및 이의 용도 |
US10942184B2 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2021-03-09 | Caris Science, Inc. | Aptamers and uses thereof |
WO2014100434A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | Caris Science, Inc. | Compositions and methods for aptamer screening |
ITTO20130161A1 (it) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-08-28 | Aar Aerospace Consulting L L C | Pompa micro-fluidica a forza di taglio |
US20140273184A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Inspirotec Llc | Electrokinetic devices and methods for capturing assayable agents |
US9441753B2 (en) | 2013-04-30 | 2016-09-13 | Boston Dynamics | Printed circuit board electrorheological fluid valve |
FR3008690B1 (fr) * | 2013-07-22 | 2016-12-23 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif comportant un canal fluidique muni d'au moins un systeme micro ou nanoelectronique et procede de realisation d'un tel dispositif |
AU2014312211A1 (en) | 2013-08-28 | 2016-03-10 | Caris Science, Inc. | Oligonucleotide probes and uses thereof |
AU2016229076B2 (en) | 2015-03-09 | 2022-01-20 | Caris Science, Inc. | Oligonucleotide probes and uses thereof |
JP6546691B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-07 | 2019-07-17 | セル アイディー ピーティーイー リミテッドCell Id Pte Ltd | Dcヒータ |
CA2991045A1 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2017-01-05 | Caris Science, Inc. | Therapeutic oligonucleotides binding c1q |
US10941176B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 | 2021-03-09 | Caris Science, Inc. | Therapeutic oligonucleotides |
US10369567B2 (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2019-08-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Continuous, capacitance-based monitoring of liquid flows in a microfluidic device |
US10850275B2 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2020-12-01 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Gold sensor |
CA3018066A1 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | Caris Science, Inc. | Oligonucleotide probes and uses thereof |
JP6654951B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2020-02-26 | 株式会社エンプラス | 流体取扱装置 |
AU2017271579B2 (en) | 2016-05-25 | 2023-10-19 | Caris Science, Inc. | Oligonucleotide probes and uses thereof |
WO2019209776A1 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2019-10-31 | Corning Incorporated | Microfluidic devices and methods for manufacturing microfluidic devices |
CN108956558B (zh) * | 2018-05-24 | 2023-09-15 | 深圳市帝迈生物技术有限公司 | 一种微流控芯片和免疫荧光分析仪 |
CN108516519A (zh) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-09-11 | 苏州大学 | 磁控介质阻挡放电阳极键合系统及方法 |
AU2019389175A1 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2021-06-10 | Caris Mpi, Inc. | Next-generation molecular profiling |
EP3753485A1 (de) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-12-23 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Elektrodenvorrichtungen und verfahren zur herstellung von elektrodenvorrichtungen |
CN112175815B (zh) * | 2019-07-05 | 2023-04-11 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Pcr基板、芯片、系统及液滴拉出方法 |
CN114096854A (zh) * | 2019-07-05 | 2022-02-25 | 雷迪奥米特医学公司 | 传感器装置 |
EP4069865A4 (de) | 2019-12-02 | 2023-12-20 | Caris MPI, Inc. | Platinresistenztest für pan-krebs |
DE102020214957A1 (de) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-06-02 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Anordnung und System zur Erzeugung von Flüssigkeitsströmen |
WO2022136243A1 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2022-06-30 | Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Gmbh | Cartridge and analysis system for testing a sample |
EP4016068A1 (de) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-06-22 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Sensoranordnung |
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GB1138401A (en) | 1965-05-06 | 1969-01-01 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Bonding |
US3506424A (en) | 1967-05-03 | 1970-04-14 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Bonding an insulator to an insulator |
US4452624A (en) | 1982-12-21 | 1984-06-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method for bonding insulator to insulator |
US4944836A (en) | 1985-10-28 | 1990-07-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | Chem-mech polishing method for producing coplanar metal/insulator films on a substrate |
US5665249A (en) | 1994-10-17 | 1997-09-09 | Xerox Corporation | Micro-electromechanical die module with planarized thick film layer |
US5494698A (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 1996-02-27 | Xerox Corporation | Teflon filled resinoid dicing blades for fabricating silicon die modules |
FR2761629B1 (fr) | 1997-04-07 | 1999-06-18 | Hoechst France | Nouveau procede de polissage mecano-chimique de couches de materiaux semi-conducteurs a base de polysilicium ou d'oxyde de silicium dope |
NL1010327C2 (nl) | 1998-10-15 | 2000-04-18 | Univ Twente | Inrichting en werkwijze voor het besturen van een vloeistofstroom. |
CA2348864A1 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2000-05-18 | Mark A. Hayes | Practical device for controlling ultrasmall volume flow |
WO2001018857A1 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2001-03-15 | University Of Maryland, College Park | Process for fabrication of 3-dimensional micromechanisms |
US6258263B1 (en) | 1999-09-17 | 2001-07-10 | The University Of Cincinnati | Liquid chromatograph on a chip |
US6939451B2 (en) * | 2000-09-19 | 2005-09-06 | Aclara Biosciences, Inc. | Microfluidic chip having integrated electrodes |
US6787339B1 (en) * | 2000-10-02 | 2004-09-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Microfluidic devices having embedded metal conductors and methods of fabricating said devices |
-
2002
- 2002-05-16 EP EP20080075598 patent/EP1997772A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-05-16 DE DE60228685T patent/DE60228685D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-16 EP EP20020076937 patent/EP1362827B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-16 AT AT02076937T patent/ATE407096T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-05-16 US US10/440,515 patent/US7261824B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-16 CA CA002428980A patent/CA2428980A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE407096T1 (de) | 2008-09-15 |
US7261824B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 |
EP1362827B1 (de) | 2008-09-03 |
CA2428980A1 (en) | 2003-11-16 |
EP1997772A3 (de) | 2011-01-26 |
US20030226604A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
EP1997772A2 (de) | 2008-12-03 |
EP1362827A1 (de) | 2003-11-19 |
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