DE4225170A1 - Automotive fuel storage and delivery system - removes vapours formed during storage and delivery to prevent formation of explosive mixts. - Google Patents

Automotive fuel storage and delivery system - removes vapours formed during storage and delivery to prevent formation of explosive mixts.

Info

Publication number
DE4225170A1
DE4225170A1 DE19924225170 DE4225170A DE4225170A1 DE 4225170 A1 DE4225170 A1 DE 4225170A1 DE 19924225170 DE19924225170 DE 19924225170 DE 4225170 A DE4225170 A DE 4225170A DE 4225170 A1 DE4225170 A1 DE 4225170A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
tank
gas
space
detonation
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19924225170
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Roland Dipl Ing Pelzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PREUSSAG WASSER UND ROHRTECHNIK GMBH, 30625 HANNOV
Original Assignee
PREUSSAG ANLAGENBAU
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PREUSSAG ANLAGENBAU filed Critical PREUSSAG ANLAGENBAU
Priority to DE19924225170 priority Critical patent/DE4225170A1/en
Publication of DE4225170A1 publication Critical patent/DE4225170A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/04—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes for transferring fuels, lubricants or mixed fuels and lubricants
    • B67D7/0476—Vapour recovery systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/06—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/229—Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/02—Supplying fuel to vehicles; General disposition of plant in filling stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/06—Details or accessories
    • B67D7/32—Arrangements of safety or warning devices; Means for preventing unauthorised delivery of liquid

Abstract

A process to operate a fuel storage (1) system delivers (2) combustible liq. fuels from a tank to a vehicle and recovers fuel vapours from the petrol pump (4) vapour return pipe (5). The novelty is that the gas mixt. in the tank space (6) above the fuel level is pumped out to produce and maintain low pressure. Further that the gas mixt. so removed is continually sepd. from the air in the delivery system using a membrane (11) to maintain a lean gas-air mixt. below the explosion point. Further that the removal of the gas vapours from the storage tank enriches the gas mixt. above the upper explosion limit in the storage tank. USE/ADVANTAGE - The system stores and delivers combustible fuels. The system prevents the formation of explosive mixts. in the delivery system and the fuel storage tank.

Description

The invention relates to a method for operating a Tank system with a tank for the storage of flammable rivers liquids, especially fuels, the tank via a sampling line for liquid and its gas space via a return line for free during tank operations end and from vapor of flammable liquids and air existing gas mixtures connected to a tap is.

Due to the high vapor pressure of organic liquids such as fuel is in the area of tank systems with significant emissions more volatile To expect hydrocarbons. To keep the air clean, to avoid unpleasant smells and due to a Health hazard of certain hydrocarbon compounds applications such as B. benzene, one is increasingly strives to reduce hydrocarbon emissions. So can be prescribed for all petrol stations, for example will create additional facilities to help with this Filling a motor vehicle tank from it displaced Benz in vapors / air mixture and not in the Let the environment escape.

In a known additional device for petrol stations the gasoline vapors-air mixture via an enveloping hose on the Fuel nozzle with the displacement pressure of the motor vehicle gasoline flowing back into the underground tank  urges. The effectiveness of this principle has been shown in the Practice proved unsatisfactory, however, because, in particular the inadequate sealing of the envelope tube at the one filler neck, a significant part of the gasoline vapor air mix escapes into the environment. There were acquisition rates determined by less than 60%.

It is also known that during storage or loading of volatile organic liquids Gas mixtures to collect and in recovery or Ver to clean the combustion systems so far that the exhaust air conceivably and in compliance with the legal regulations can be released to the environment.

For the recovery of organic compounds from a Gas / air mixture is known from DE-OS 38 06 107 the gas / air mixture while increasing the pressure in one To conduct gas separation membrane and in a with organic Ver bonds enriched and in a depleted gas to separate stream, the depleted gas stream to the Environment is released and the enriched gas flow after pressure reduction via a recovery device for the organic compounds. The one from the Recovery device exiting gas stream is then added to the gas / air mixture again.

Basically, it is known that during the handling of Liquids with a high vapor pressure in tanks or The vapors are usually contained in atmospheric oxygen in the con clock and come on depending on the steam concentration able to form a capable mixture.

The invention has for its object a method of Specify the type mentioned, in which the effectiveness the return of gas mixture with simple means ver is improved and an explosion-proof operation of the Tankan  location is guaranteed.

According to the invention this object is achieved in that by pumping gas mixture out of the gas space of the tank Vacuum is created and maintained and that of the gas mixture in the gas space of the tank is continuous with the help of a gas separation system one to below emaciated gas mixture of the lower explosion limit is separated and discharged and thereby the gas mixture in the Gas space of the tank is so far greased that its upper Explosion limit is not fallen below.

The method according to the invention reliably ver prevents that when refueling at the tap that when filling len of z. B. displaced gasoline from the motor vehicle tank, vapors containing hydrocarbons are released into the environment by using the one in the tank Vacuum effectively sucked back into the tank and in the by removing liquid-free tank space to be caught. This eliminates any odor nuisance in the vicinity of a tank system and legal regulations for The air can be kept clean.

However, when the vapors are extracted, it cannot be avoided that at the same time ambient air in the tank room reached. An enrichment of air in the tank room can be too an explosive atmosphere in the tank. To ver this avoid, is constantly in the inventive method the air concentration in the tank is reduced. This will the proportion of combustible components in the tank so far increased that the total mixture significantly above the upper Explosion limit is. This has the advantage that not the Total amount of gas / air mixture that occurs during refueling must be cleaned and removed, but only for those Maintaining negative pressure and for maintaining maintenance of the sufficiently enriched mixture state in the  Part of the tank required. The one remaining in the tank The amount of gas when refilling the tank z. Tie Tank trucks to be transposed. Because over the tank room Fluctuations in the amount of gas / air mixture supplied can be compensated for, the subset by the gas separation plant is conducted, relatively small remain and the gas separation can therefore with a ver equally small system. It is therefore with little effort to adapt to a higher or lower rigorous turnover at the taps. The gas race however, the plant must be designed at least as large as that one to maintain the necessary tank Partial flow to be discharged to the outside at any time can be emaciated that it is not explosive, d. H. that its hydrocarbon concentration the lower explosi ons limit.

The enrichment of the gas mixture in the gas space of the tank can lead to Condense the vapors in the tank. With an underground tank becomes low due to the low temperature level limit easily reached. It is therefore already in the tank partial fuel recovery takes place.

It is particularly advantageous if the negative pressure in the tank generated and maintained with the help of the gas separation system becomes. Then there are no additional devices like others Pump, pressure accumulator etc. required.

The degree of purification of the lean and exhausted gas to increase the mixture, it can be useful if that discharged gas mixture is then oxidized. The oxi dation can with the help of an internal combustion engine, a Kata lysators, by adsorption or biologically. Dude native can from the gas mixture discharged through condensate tion of the vapors, the organic compounds are recovered become.  

In a tank system for performing the invention Method can be provided that the gas space of the tank via a detonation integrated in the feed line fuse connected to the suction side of a vacuum pump is, the pressure side with the attached to a sampling valve enclosed feed space of an encapsulated gas separation membrane is connected and that a second vacuum pump is provided is the suction side with the permeate space of the gas separation membrane bran and its printed page via one in a return line device integrated second detonation protection with the gas space of the tank is connected.

With such a tank system, the gas space of the tank Aspirated gas / air mixture by means of the first vacuum pump and fed to the gas separation membrane. There the mixture is in a retentate stream poor in organic compounds and a Per concentrated with organic compounds meatstrom on separately. The retentate flow is via the Ent Take valve discharged to the outside. The permeate stream will due to the second vacuum downstream of the gas separation membrane pump, which the pressure drop across the membrane and thus the Separation performance of the membrane increases in the gas space of the tank promoted back. The discharge of a gas mixture with high Air share from the gas space of the tank and the recirculation a Gasge enriched with organic compounds mixes in this, on the one hand leads to a low pressure in the tank, which enables it to be created when refueling vapors reliably and effectively via the return line tion from the tap into the gas space of the tank and on the other hand an enrichment of the mixture in the gas space well above the upper explosion limit.

From a safety point of view, the vacuum pumps, especially their rotors, even when used very small encapsulated vacuum pumps as ignition source the, so that in front of and behind the vacuum pumps Detonationssi  fuses must be installed in the lines in order to To secure the tank. It can also be provided that also a third detonation protection for the sampling valve is connected downstream. This way, all of the gas screened and an explosion hazard in the Tank system is prevented. It is useful to part of the plant located between the detonation protection devices explosion pressure shock proof.

To discharge a pressure wave in the event of an explosion within the range between the detonation devices Part of the system can be used as an additional safety device Rupture disks between the second vacuum pump and the second detonation protection can be installed.

The detonation protection can advantageously be more than contain three, preferably ten flame screens, the Gaps between the individual flame screens in Rich decrease the spread of flame. A so designed Detonation protection is particularly suitable as one Pump downstream safety measure, since with high Security can be guaranteed that the flame Energy is withdrawn and thus extinguished will, even if one of the detonation detectors in the Line upstream of the conveyor unit increased shortly before There is turbulence that causes the flame to spread other.

In a particularly favorable embodiment of the invention According to the tank system, the extraction valve is controllable Throttle valve designed. This will make it easy created by different levels of handling fluctuations in the feed at the taps Equalize gas / air mixture in the gas space of the tank and regulate the pressure level in the tank. The pressure-dependent rain Lung can be done automatically by directing the valve  is controlled by a pressure transmitter. The scheme works It works as follows: With a low vacuum in the container opens the valve and the delivery capacity of the system increases. The amount returned is small. At already high vacuum in the container lowers the delivery rate set and the returned current by closing the Ven tils increased. To ensure that the concentration at organic compounds in the tank always above the upper one Explosion limit, the position of the throttle valve tils also controlled by a concentration meter become.

In order at the flowing out of the sampling valve and still retentate stream contaminated with organic compounds To achieve additional cleaning can according to the invention be provided that reshaped on the sampling valve third detonation protection a catalytic oxide tion system is connected. Advantageously, the catalytic oxidizer a blower for entry of fresh air, a preheating and one of the preheating have downstream catalyst arrangement.

The gas / air mixture flowing out of the sampling valve is not preheated. To start the catalytic converter arrangement can, it is necessary to the mixture beforehand, for example wise by means of an electric heater. The one with the On the one hand, fresh air supplied to the blower provides for Dilution of the gas / air mixture, especially if this because of a strong turnover at the taps has a higher proportion of organic compounds to others the fresh air supply is a significant heat Removal from the catalyst assembly safely to a To avoid overheating the catalyst assembly. The The blower can be regulated via an upstream gas con centering device. In addition, the blower by a temperature measuring device on the catalyst arrangement  to be controlled. In addition, the catalyst assembly a lambda probe can be connected for control.

The invention is illustrated below with the aid of an embodiment game explained in more detail, which is shown in the drawing is.

The drawing shows a tank system with a subterranean tank 1 for the storage of fuels for motor vehicles. Via an extraction line 2 , fuel is conveyed to a dispenser 4 by means of a pump 3 , at which fuel, e.g. As gasoline, can be filled in the tank of a motor vehicle. The gasoline vapors displaced from the motor vehicle tank when filling the gasoline are collected with the aid of an additional device on the fuel nozzle and sucked through a return line 5 into the gas space 6 of the tank 1 due to the negative pressure prevailing there. When the gasoline vapors are drawn in, air is inevitably also introduced into the gas space 6 with them , so that there is a risk of an explosive atmosphere being formed there.

In order to avoid the formation of an explosive gas mixture, a gas separation system 7 is connected to the gas space 6 of the tank 1 . Via a line 8 , in which a detonation fuse 9 is arranged with three or more flame screens connected in series, gas / air mixture is sucked out of the gas space 6 with the aid of a vacuum pump 10 and fed to a gas separation membrane 11 . The gas separation membrane 11 separates the gas / air mixture in a depleted with organic compounds retentate stream, which is discharged via a throttle valve 12, and in an enriched with organic compounds permeate stream by means of a second vacuum pump 13 through a line 14 into the gas space 6 of the Tanks 1 is returned. The vacuum pump 13 is followed by a second detonation fuse 15 . Since due to the upstream vacuum pump 13 with increased turbulence in the line 14 is to be expected, the detonation protection 15 consists of a larger number, preferably ten series-connected flame screens, the gap widths between the individual flame screens decreasing in the conveying direction of the permeate stream. As an additional safety measure, 15 rupture disks 16 are arranged between the vacuum pump 13 and the detonation protection, which can derive a pressure wave in the event of a detonation.

The throttle valve 12 is followed by a third detonation fuse 17 , which is identical in construction to the detonation fuse 15 . The entire gas separation plant 7 is thus secured by the detonation protection 9 , 15 , 17 to the outside. All parts of the system located between the detonation protection devices 9 , 15 , 17 are explosion pressure shock resistant.

The throttle valve 12 is controlled with the aid of a pressure transmitter 18 and a concentration transmitter 19 for the hydrocarbon or oxygen fraction, which monitor the pressure and the gas concentration in the gas space 6 of the tank 1 . If, for example, the hydrocarbon concentration in the gas space 6 drops due to a strong turnover at the dispenser 4 , the discharge of lean mixture is increased by opening the throttle valve 12 more strongly, and thus a decrease in the hydrocarbon concentration in the vicinity of the upper explosion limit is avoided. In the same sense, the throttle valve 12 is activated when the pressure in the gas space 6 increases too much. Conversely, the lean mixture removal is reduced by throttling the throttle valve 12 when the gas mixture in the gas space 6 is sufficiently rich and the vacuum should not drop further.

To the throttle valve; 12 is connected via a line 20 , the input of which contains the detonation fuse 17 , a heating device 21 and this is followed by a catalyst arrangement 22 which is composed of metallic and ceramic catalysts. Before the Heizein device 21 , a fan 23 for supplying air is connected to the line 20 . The gas flow in line 20 is monitored by a gas concentration sensor 24 and the air supply via the blower 23 is controlled in such a way that no explosive gases get into the catalyst arrangement 22 . The catalyst assembly 22 is operated below the lower explosion limit. Furthermore, the catalytic converter arrangement 22 has a temperature sensor 25 , through which the fan 23 is also controlled, in order to avoid overheating of the catalytic converter arrangement 22 by increasing the air supply. The oxygen content in the exhaust air, the catalyst assembly 22 is monitored by a lambda probe 26 to, if necessary, in addition to regulate the fresh air requirement of the catalyst arrangement 22nd

Claims (11)

1. A method of operating a tank system with a tank for the storage of flammable liquids, in particular fuels, the tank via an extraction line for liquid and its gas space via a return line for gas tank gas and gas vapor mixtures of flammable liquids and air a tap is connected, characterized in that a negative pressure is generated and maintained by pumping gas mixture from the gas space of the tank and that from the gas mixture located in the gas space of the tank is continuously separated with the help of a gas separation system to a gas mixture which is emaciated to below the lower explosion limit and leads abge and thereby the gas mixture in the gas space of the tank is enriched to such an extent that its upper explosion limit is not undercut.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the negative pressure in the tank with the help of the gas separation system is created and maintained.
3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized characterized that the emaciated and discharged gas mixture by oxidation, engine combustion, Adsorption or further biological cleaning.
4.Tank system with a tank for the storage of flammable liquids, in particular fuels, the tank being connected to a tap via a removal line for liquid and its gas space via a return line for gas mixtures which are released during tank operations and which consist of vapor of the flammable liquids and air, characterized in that the gas space ( 6 ) of the tank ( 1 ) is connected via a detonation safety device ( 9 ) integrated in the supply line ( 8 ) to the suction side of a vacuum pump ( 10 ), the pressure side of which is connected to a removal valve ( 12 ) is connected supply space of an encapsulated Gastrennmem bran ( 11 ) and that a second vacuum pump ( 13 ) is provided, the suction side with the permeate space of the gas separation membrane ( 11 ) and the pressure side via a in a return line ( 14 ) integrated second detonation protection ( 15th ) is connected to the gas space ( 6 ) of the tank ( 1 ).
5. Tank system according to claim 4, characterized in that the removal valve ( 12 ) is followed by a detonation device ( 17 ).
6. Tank system according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that between the second vacuum pump ( 13 ) and the second detonation device ( 15 ) bursting discs ( 16 ) are arranged.
7. Tank system according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the detonation protection ( 15 , 17 ) contains more than three, preferably 10 flame screens, the gap widths between the individual flames decreasing seven in the direction of flame propagation.
8. Tank system according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the removal valve ( 12 ) is designed as a pressure-dependent and / or gas concentration-dependent control throttle valve.
9. Tank system according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that on the removal valve ( 12 ) downstream detonation protection ( 17 ) is connected to a catalytic oxidation system, a fan ( 23 ) for the entry of fresh air, a preheating ( 21 ) and a catalyst arrangement ( 22 ) connected downstream of the preheating ( 21 ).
10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the regulation of the fan ( 23 ) by an upstream tes gas concentration measuring device ( 24 ) and / or by a temperature measuring device ( 25 ) on the catalyst arrangement ( 22 ).
11. The method according to any one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the air requirement of the catalyst arrangement ( 22 ) is regulated by an oxygen sensor ( 26 ) in the exhaust air flow.
DE19924225170 1992-07-30 1992-07-30 Automotive fuel storage and delivery system - removes vapours formed during storage and delivery to prevent formation of explosive mixts. Withdrawn DE4225170A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19924225170 DE4225170A1 (en) 1992-07-30 1992-07-30 Automotive fuel storage and delivery system - removes vapours formed during storage and delivery to prevent formation of explosive mixts.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19924225170 DE4225170A1 (en) 1992-07-30 1992-07-30 Automotive fuel storage and delivery system - removes vapours formed during storage and delivery to prevent formation of explosive mixts.

Publications (1)

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DE4225170A1 true DE4225170A1 (en) 1994-02-03

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Cited By (16)

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WO1995013984A1 (en) * 1993-11-16 1995-05-26 Gilbarco Inc. Method and apparatus for reducing hydrocarbon emissions from a fuel storage tank
DE4410597A1 (en) * 1994-03-26 1995-09-28 Geesthacht Gkss Forschung Method and device for reducing emissions from breathing lines in storage tanks
US5571310A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-11-05 Gilbarco Inc. Volatile organic chemical tank ullage pressure reduction
WO1996035634A1 (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-11-14 Gilbarco Inc. Apparatus and method for reducing the pressure in a volatile organic chemical tank ullage
US5611841A (en) * 1995-09-29 1997-03-18 Membrane Technology And Research, Inc. Vapor recovery process using baffled membrane module
EP0799790A1 (en) * 1996-04-03 1997-10-08 Dresser Industries, Inc. Gasoline dispensing and vapor recovery system and method utilizing a membrane separator
US5843212A (en) * 1995-05-12 1998-12-01 Gilbarco Inc. Fuel tank ullage pressure reduction
FR2793544A1 (en) * 1999-05-11 2000-11-17 Tokheim Corp Catalytic combustion system for steam effluents
DE10215149B4 (en) * 2001-04-06 2004-03-04 Tokheim Services France A method of controlling the content of hydrocarbons in a vapor-air / hydrocarbon mixture in a system equipped with a vapor extraction system
CN1328132C (en) * 2002-09-09 2007-07-25 特拉华资本形成公司 Pot pressure regulator system
CN106348240A (en) * 2016-09-30 2017-01-25 广西柳工机械股份有限公司 High-level oil tank low-level fuel charging system
US10150571B2 (en) 2016-11-10 2018-12-11 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation On-board aircraft reactive inerting dried gas system
US10300431B2 (en) 2016-05-31 2019-05-28 Hamilton Sundstrant Corporation On-board vehicle inert gas generation system
US10312536B2 (en) 2016-05-10 2019-06-04 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation On-board aircraft electrochemical system
US10307708B2 (en) 2016-06-24 2019-06-04 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Fuel tank system and method
US10427800B2 (en) 2016-10-31 2019-10-01 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Air separation system for fuel stabilization

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