DE4201795A1 - Method for increased power output from hydrogen- air fuel cell - requires auxiliary compressor for supplying an air storage tank with valve allowing boost to normal compressed air supply - Google Patents

Method for increased power output from hydrogen- air fuel cell - requires auxiliary compressor for supplying an air storage tank with valve allowing boost to normal compressed air supply

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Publication number
DE4201795A1
DE4201795A1 DE4201795A DE4201795A DE4201795A1 DE 4201795 A1 DE4201795 A1 DE 4201795A1 DE 4201795 A DE4201795 A DE 4201795A DE 4201795 A DE4201795 A DE 4201795A DE 4201795 A1 DE4201795 A1 DE 4201795A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
air
fuel cell
compressor
air supply
hydrogen
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Ceased
Application number
DE4201795A
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German (de)
Inventor
Karl Dipl Ing Strasser
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to DE4201795A priority Critical patent/DE4201795A1/en
Publication of DE4201795A1 publication Critical patent/DE4201795A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

Hydrogen-air fuel cell power output is increased by boosting the partial pressure of the oxygen in the air supply by increasing the total pressure of the air supply. This involves having a compressor in the air-line with an auxiliary air-line and compressor feeding an air storage tank, with valves between the first air compressor and the fuel cell, between the second compressor and the tank and also between tank and fuel cell. The compressed air in the tank is kept at a minimum pressure by the second compressor. In the event of increased load demand, this air is used to boost the normal air supply to the cell from the first compressor. ADVANTAGE - Allows the cell to meet peak load requirements above the normal loading.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Leistungs­ steigerung einer Wasserstoff/Luft-Brennstoffzelle und eine Anlage zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for performance increase of a hydrogen / air fuel cell and a Plant for carrying out this procedure.

Ein typischer Vertreter einer solchen Wasserstoff/Luft-Brenn­ stoffzelle ist eine polymere Elektrolyt-Membran-Brennstoff­ zelle. Bei ihr ist der Elektrolyt an einer Membran mit rela­ tiv hoher Wasseraufnahmekapazität gebunden. Sie kann wahl­ weise mit Sauerstoff oder mit Luft betrieben werden. Letzte­ res macht ihren Einsatz als irdische Energiequelle recht interessant. Denn anders als etwa bei alkalischen Brennstoff­ zellen kann bei ihr auf einen Sauerstoffspeicher verzichtet werden.A typical representative of such a hydrogen / air burner Fabric cell is a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. With her the electrolyte is on a membrane with rela tively high water absorption capacity. You can choose be operated with oxygen or with air. Last one res justifies its use as an earthly energy source Interesting. Because unlike alkaline fuel, for example cells can do without an oxygen reservoir will.

Bei diversen Einsatzmöglichkeiten, wie etwa beim Einsatz in Fahrzeugen, wird neben einer vorgegebenen Dauerleistung kurz­ zeitig - etwa beim Anfahren - eine deutlich höhere elektri­ sche Leistung verlangt. Üblicherweise muß sich die Leistungs­ größe der Brennstoffzelle in solchen Fällen nach der Spitzen­ last orientieren.With various applications, such as when used in Vehicles, is short in addition to a predetermined continuous output in time - for example when starting off - a significantly higher electri performance. Usually the performance must size of the fuel cell in such cases according to the peaks orient load.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Weg zu weisen, wie mit Wasserstoff/Luft-Brennstoffzellen kurzzeitig eine Spitzenleistung erreicht werden kann, die deutlich über der Dauerleistung liegt.The invention has for its object a way point, as with hydrogen / air fuel cells for a short time a peak performance can be achieved that is well above the continuous output.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 4 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Ansprüchen 2 und 3 sowie 5 bis 10 zu entnehmen.This object is achieved by the features of claims 1 and 4 solved. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in claims 2 and 3 and 5 to 10.

Dadurch, daß erfindungsgemäß der Sauerstoffpartialdruck der der Brennstoffzelle zuströmenden Luft erhöht wird, läßt sich die elektrische Leistung der Brennstoffzelle kurzfristig um ein Mehrfaches der Dauerleistung steigern. Dabei überrascht es auch, wie stark sich der Sauerstoffpartialdruck auf die Leistung der Brennstoffzelle auswirkt.The fact that according to the invention the oxygen partial pressure the air flowing to the fuel cell is increased, can the electrical output of the fuel cell in the short term  increase a multiple of the continuous output. Surprised it also how much the partial pressure of oxygen affects the Performance of the fuel cell affects.

Dadurch, daß in der Luftzuführungsleitung zur Brennstoffzellen­ anlage erfindungsgemäß eine Luftverdichterkapazität mit ver­ änderlicher Leistung eingebaut ist und in der Abluftleitung der Brennstoffzelle eine Drosselstelle zuschaltbar ist, werden die konstruktiven Voraussetzungen geschaffen, um das vorgenannte Verfahren auszuführen.The fact that in the air supply line to the fuel cells plant according to the invention an air compressor capacity with ver variable power is installed and in the exhaust pipe a throttle point can be connected to the fuel cell, the constructive prerequisites are created to the perform the aforementioned procedures.

In besonders vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann die Erhöhung der Verdichterleistung und die Androsselung der Abluftleitung synchron in Abhängigkeit von der Brennstoff­ zellenleistung erfolgen. Durch diese Maßnahme wird eine Vor­ aussetzung für eine vollautomatische Leistungsanpassung der Brennstoffzelle geschaffen.In a particularly advantageous development of the invention increasing the compressor capacity and throttling the Exhaust air duct synchronous depending on the fuel cell performance. Through this measure, a pre suspension for a fully automatic performance adjustment of the Fuel cell created.

In besonders zweckmäßiger Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann der statische Druck der Luft erhöht werden. Hierdurch wird eine Maßnahme zur Erhöhung des Sauerstoffpartialdrucks ein­ gesetzt, die sich technisch relativ kostengünstig verwirkli­ chen läßt.In a particularly expedient embodiment of the invention the static pressure of the air can be increased. This will a measure to increase the oxygen partial pressure set, which is technically relatively inexpensive Chen lets.

In einer anderen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann der Sauerstoffanteil in der Luft erhöht werden. Diese Maßnahme ist relativ preiswert auszuführen, bietet sich jedoch wegen des mitzuführenden Sauerstofftanks nur für kleinere Anlagen an.In another advantageous embodiment of the invention the percentage of oxygen in the air can be increased. These Measure is relatively inexpensive to carry out however only because of the oxygen tank to be carried smaller plants.

In besonders zweckmäßiger Weiterbildung der Erfindung können mehrere zuschaltbare Luftverdichter unterschiedlicher Verdich­ terleistung vorgesehen sein. Auf diese Weise läßt sich durch bloßes Umschalten eine höhere Verdichterleistung bereit­ stellen.In a particularly expedient development of the invention several switchable air compressors with different compression service should be provided. This way you can just switching a higher compressor capacity ready put.

In besonders zweckmäßiger Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann ein Druckluftspeicher über ein Regelventil an die vom Luft­ verdichter gespeiste Luftzuführungsleitung zur Brennstoff­ zelle anschließbar sein. Hierdurch wird dann insbesondere bei größeren Anlagen das Zeitintervall überbrückt werden, bis der zuschaltbare Luftverdichter höherer Leistung angelaufen ist. Diese Maßnahme verringert kurzfristige Spannungseinbrüche bei einem plötzlichen Exkurs der Stromentnahme über den Nennwert hinaus.In a particularly expedient embodiment of the invention a compressed air reservoir via a control valve to the air compressor-fed air supply line to the fuel  cell can be connected. This will then in particular larger systems the time interval can be bridged until the switchable air compressor of higher performance has started. This measure reduces short-term voltage drops a sudden digression of the current draw above the nominal value out.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Brenn­ stoffzellenanlage mit einem polymeren Elektrolyt-Membran- Brennstoffzellenblock und einer Anordnung zur Erhöhung des Sauerstoffpartialdruckes.Further details of the invention are based on one in the Drawing illustrated embodiment explained. The only figure shows a schematic representation of a Brenn fabric cell system with a polymer electrolyte membrane Fuel cell block and an arrangement for increasing the Partial pressure of oxygen.

Die schematische Darstellung der Figur zeigt den Aufbau eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoff­ zellenanlage. Sie besteht aus einem polymeren Elektrolyt- Membran-Brennstoffzellenblock 2, einer Luftzuführungsleitung 4 und einer Abluftleitung 6, einem an der Luftzuführungs­ leitung über ein Regelventil 8 angeschlossenen Druckluft­ speicher 10 und je einem an der Luftzuführungsleitung 4 und an dem Druckluftspeicher 10 angeschlossenen Luftverdichter 12, 14. Beiden Luftverdichtern ist ein Absperrventil 16, 18 nachgeschaltet. In der Abluftleitung 6 ist eine zuschaltbare Drosselstelle 20 zu erkennen. Außerdem ist eine Wasserstoff­ versorgungsanlage 22 mit einem Kreislaufverdichter 24 angedeutet.The schematic representation of the figure shows the structure of an embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the invention. It consists of a polymeric electrolyte membrane fuel cell block 2 , an air supply line 4 and an exhaust air line 6 , a compressed air reservoir 10 connected to the air supply line via a control valve 8 , and an air compressor 12 , 14 each connected to the air supply line 4 and to the compressed air reservoir 10 . A shut-off valve 16 , 18 is connected downstream of both air compressors. A switchable throttle point 20 can be seen in the exhaust air line 6 . In addition, a hydrogen supply system 22 with a circuit compressor 24 is indicated.

Beim Betrieb des Brennstoffzellenblocks 2 wird Luft über den Luftverdichter 12 in den Brennstoffzellenblock gedrückt und es wird die verbrauchte Luft über die Abluftleitung 6 aus dem Brennstoffzellenblock 2 entfernt. Zugleich wird über den Kreislaufverdichter 24 Wasserstoffgas aus der Wasserstoff­ versorgungsanlage 22 in den Brennstoffzellenblock 2 gedrückt und zugleich teilweise umgesetztes Wasserstoffgas sowie Reaktionswasser aus dem Brennstoffzellenblock 2 wieder ent­ fernt. Zugleich kann der Druckluftspeicher 10 bei geschlos­ senem Regelventil 8 über den zweiten Luftverdichter 14 aufge­ laden werden. Nach dem Aufladen des Druckluftspeichers 10 wird der zweite Luftverdichter 14 abgeschaltet und das ihm nachgeschaltete Ventil 10 geschlossen.When the fuel cell block 2 is in operation, air is pressed into the fuel cell block via the air compressor 12 and the used air is removed from the fuel cell block 2 via the exhaust air line 6 . At the same time 24 hydrogen gas from the hydrogen is on the cycle compressor supply system forced into the fuel cell block 2 22 and at the same time partially reacted hydrogen gas as well as reaction water from the fuel cell block 2 again ent removed. At the same time the compressed air reservoir 10 can be at CLOSED senem control valve 8 via the second air compressor 14 load. After the compressed air reservoir 10 has been charged, the second air compressor 14 is switched off and the valve 10 connected downstream is closed.

Wird beim Brennstoffzellenblock 2 eine höhere elektrische Leistung abgerufen, so kann das Regelventil 8, das den Druckluftspeicher 10 von der Luftzuführungsleitung 4 trennt, geöffnet und die Drosselstelle 20 in der Abluftleitung 6 angedrosselt werden. Dadurch wird der Luftdruck in der Brenn­ stoffzelle erhöht mit der Folge, daß der Sauerstoffpartial­ druck ebenfalls steigt und an der Brennstoffzelle eine erhöhte elektrische Leistung verfügbar ist. Zugleich mit dem Öffnen des Regelventils 8 wird im Ausführungsbeispiel auch der zweite Luftverdichter 14 angelassen und das ihm nachge­ schaltete Ventil geöffnet. Das hat zur Folge, daß der Luft­ druck im Druckluftspeicher 10 auf einem Mindestwert gehalten wird und der Druckluftspeicher nach dem Ende der Luftent­ nahme wieder voll aufgeladen wird. Normalisiert sich die Stromentnahme wieder, so wird das Regelventil 8 geschlossen und die Androsselung in der Abluftleitung 6 zurückgenommen.If a higher electrical output is requested from the fuel cell block 2 , the control valve 8 , which separates the compressed air reservoir 10 from the air supply line 4 , can be opened and the throttle point 20 in the exhaust air line 6 can be throttled. As a result, the air pressure in the fuel cell is increased, with the result that the oxygen partial pressure also rises and an increased electrical power is available on the fuel cell. Simultaneously with the opening of the control valve 8 , the second air compressor 14 is also started in the exemplary embodiment and the valve connected downstream is opened. The result is that the air pressure in the compressed air reservoir 10 is kept at a minimum value and the compressed air reservoir is fully charged again after the end of the air extraction. If the current draw returns to normal, the control valve 8 is closed and the throttling in the exhaust air line 6 is withdrawn.

Bei dieser Brennstoffzellenanlage hat der Druckluftspeicher 10 nur die Funktion, das Zeitintervall bis zum Anlaufen des zweiten Luftverdichters 14 zu überbrücken. Er kann somit relativ klein gehalten werden. Bei Anlagen, bei denen keine schnelle Leistungsnachregelung erforderlich ist, kann der Druckluftbehälter auch ganz entfallen.In this fuel cell system, the compressed air reservoir 10 only has the function of bridging the time interval until the second air compressor 14 starts up. It can therefore be kept relatively small. The compressed air tank can also be dispensed with entirely in systems in which fast power adjustment is not required.

Der im Ausführungsbeispiel mit 10 bezeichnete Druckluft­ speicher kann auch ein Sauerstoffspeicher sein. In diesem Fall entfällt der Leitungsanschluß mit dem stärkeren Luft­ verdichter 14 und dem Absperrventil 18. Im übrigen funktio­ niert die Brennstoffzellenanlage 1 in der gleichen Weise, wie das schon zuvor beschrieben worden ist. Dabei wird bei erhöhter Stromentnahme nun nicht mehr der Luftdruck alleine sondern auch der Sauerstoffpartialdruck erhöht. Bei geringer Sauerstoffzugabe kann in diesem Fall sogar auf eine Androsselung in der Abluftleitung 6 verzichtet werden.The compressed air store designated 10 in the exemplary embodiment can also be an oxygen store. In this case, the line connection with the stronger air compressor 14 and the shut-off valve 18 is omitted. Otherwise, the fuel cell system 1 functions in the same manner as that which has already been described. When the current draw increases, the air pressure alone is no longer increased, but also the oxygen partial pressure. With a small amount of oxygen added, throttling in the exhaust air line 6 can even be dispensed with in this case.

Claims (10)

1. Verfahren zur Leistungssteigerung einer H2/Luft-Brenn­ stoffzelle, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sauerstoffpartialdruck der der Brennstoffzelle (2) zuströmenden Luft erhöht wird.1. A method for increasing the performance of an H 2 / air fuel cell, characterized in that the oxygen partial pressure of the air flowing to the fuel cell ( 2 ) is increased. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der statische Druck der der Brennstoffzelle (2) zuströmenden Luft erhöht wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the static pressure of the fuel cell ( 2 ) flowing air is increased. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sauerstoffanteil der der Brennstoffzelle (2) zuströmenden Luft erhöht wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxygen proportion of the air flowing to the fuel cell ( 2 ) is increased. 4. Brennstoffzellenanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Luftzuführungsleitung (4) zur Brennstoffzelle (2) eine Luft­ verdichterkapazität (12, 14) mit veränderlicher Leistung eingebaut ist und in der Abluftleitung (6) der Brennstoff­ zelle (2) eine Drosselstelle (20) zuschaltbar ist.4. Fuel cell system for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the air supply line ( 4 ) to the fuel cell ( 2 ) an air compressor capacity ( 12 , 14 ) is installed with variable power and in the exhaust air line ( 6 ) the fuel cell ( 2 ) a throttle point ( 20 ) can be activated. 5. Brennstoffzellenanlage nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erhö­ hung der Verdichterleistung und die Androsselung der Abluft­ leitung (6) synchron in Abhängigkeit von der Brennstoffzellen­ leistung erfolgt.5. Fuel cell system according to claim 4, characterized in that the increase in the compressor capacity and the throttling of the exhaust air line ( 6 ) takes place synchronously as a function of the fuel cell capacity. 6. Brennstoffzellenanlage nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leistung des Luftverdichters selbst veränderlich ist.6. Fuel cell system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the Air compressor performance itself is variable. 7. Brennstoffzellenanlage nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere zuschaltbare Luftverdichter (12, 14) unterschiedlicher Verdichterleistung der Luftzuführungsleitung (4) zur Brenn­ stoffzelle (2) zugeordnet sind.7. Fuel cell system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a plurality of switchable air compressors ( 12 , 14 ) different compressor capacity of the air supply line ( 4 ) to the fuel cell ( 2 ) are assigned. 8. Brennstoffzellenanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Druck­ luftspeicher (10) über ein Regelventil (8) an die vom Luftverdichter (12, 14) gespeiste Luftzuführungsleitung (4) zur Brennstoffzelle (2) anschließbar ist.8. Fuel cell system according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that a compressed air reservoir ( 10 ) via a control valve ( 8 ) to the air supply line ( 4 , 14 ) fed by the air compressor ( 12 ) to the fuel cell ( 2 ) can be connected. 9. Brennstoffzellenanlage nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druckluftspeicher (10) über einen separaten Luftverdichter (14) aufladbar ist.9. Fuel cell system according to claim 8, characterized in that the compressed air reservoir ( 10 ) via a separate air compressor ( 14 ) can be charged. 10. Brennstoffzellenanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Sauer­ stoffspeicher (10) über ein Regelventil (8) an die vom Luft­ verdichter (12) gespeiste Luftzuführungsleitung (4) zur Brennstoffzelle (2) anschließbar ist.10. Fuel cell system according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that an oxygen storage ( 10 ) via a control valve ( 8 ) to the air compressor ( 12 ) fed air supply line ( 4 ) to the fuel cell ( 2 ) can be connected.
DE4201795A 1992-01-23 1992-01-23 Method for increased power output from hydrogen- air fuel cell - requires auxiliary compressor for supplying an air storage tank with valve allowing boost to normal compressed air supply Ceased DE4201795A1 (en)

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DE10006344A1 (en) * 2000-02-12 2001-08-23 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag Motor vehicle has fuel cell system, common compressed air supply device with central air compressor(s), central compressed air line from which lines branch to fuel cells and other loads
DE10013660A1 (en) * 2000-03-20 2001-09-27 Volkswagen Ag Vehicle with fuel cell has air supply arrangement with air reservoir connected in parallel with air compressor or in series with upstream air compressor with which reservoir interacts
DE10018081A1 (en) * 2000-04-12 2001-12-06 Volkswagen Ag Regulated air supply to fuel cell involves regulating air supply depending on excess air taking into account fuel cell operating power, can involve pressure-dependent regulation
DE10057384A1 (en) * 2000-11-18 2002-05-23 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag Oxygen feed for fuel cell in motor vehicle, feeds additional oxygen to fuel cell under pressure during vehicle starting phase and/or on receiving acceleration demand (kick down) for vehicle
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US6587766B2 (en) 1999-01-28 2003-07-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for controlling the power of a fuel cell stack, method for controlling the power of a drive unit of an electric vehicle, and fuel cell device
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