DE4010850A1 - METHOD FOR PRODUCING PLANGED BRICKS - Google Patents

Abstract

The working of bricks, in particular by grinding, takes place after the drying process and before the firing process, in which the bricks are heated as far as possible uniformly. The working thus takes place at a time when it is still possible with a low expenditure. A further advantage is the reduction in the mass which is to be subjected to the firing process.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing flat exact bricks, the bricks after molding and drying fired and the dimensionally accurate surfaces processes, e.g. B. be ground and / or milled.

Plan-accurate bricks that are at least on top of each other opposite surfaces are machined so that these both surfaces in particular the same distance from each other  have and are exactly parallel to each other, have the advantage part that they are in masonry by glue or similar materials can be connected and that it is not it is necessary to provide comparatively wide mortar joints. This offers various options for the construction of the building Advantages.

However, the production of such facing bricks is complex. The bricks are produced in excess, that is, shaped, dried and burned. After the burning process, they are on Pallets of layered bricks and one more separate process outside the brick production plant surface treated. There are approx. 6 mm on each side of the brick with a lot of energy and wear and tear on the factory witness sanded and if necessary also milled. Next the processing effort for accurate manufacturing falls also the extra effort, since the bricks are bigger Volume molded, dried and fired.

Target bricks of the training in question are therefore ver equally expensive and could barely survive on the market put, although the processing of such bricks with not inconsistent advantages.

It is an object of the invention to provide a method that allowed such plan-accurate bricks with much less Manufacturing effort than was previously possible.

To achieve this object, the invention is based on one Process of the type specified in the introduction suggested that the precise machining on the molded and dried bricks is made, and that the  Burning process in which the bricks are as uniform as possible be warmed after editing is done.

The invention is based on the consideration that the shrinkage or shrinking or caking of the brick blank the drying process is largely completed. Advance setting for this, however, is that the burning process is controlled in this way is that subsequently no deformations of the brick blanks in significant amount occur.

If the brick blanks after drying and before firing are processed, e.g. ground or through other processing machines to the exact dimensions required brought, the processing effort for this is considerable Lich less than with the previous method. The dried one Brick blank has a much lower hardness in ver same to the fired brick and is accordingly the processing effort and in particular the energy expenditure for this lower. It is clear that the wear of the Tools with the softer material is less than with the Machining the fired hard brick.

The machining process creates an oversize for each side of the stone of about 6 mm. The brick blank is made by the Machining process therefore reduced in its mass. At the The method according to the invention has the advantage, that the mass of the brick to be burned compared to previous method is lower, which means with a medium Heat savings of around 5% can be expected during the firing process can. In addition to this heat saving, there is also a saving on elek trian energy during the cutting or machining process, wherein the saving is about 80% compared to previous processes is.  

The uniform heating of the bricks during the firing process can be obtained in particular that the Brenn process using only slight temperature differences limit, especially between the respective temperature of the Brick and the temperature of the heating gases. After this Bring the bricks into the kiln, especially the Tunnel furnace, the temperatures used are very high at first kept low and only gradually increased. This can be achieved in that the different Zones of the kiln air is blown. The temperature is gradually increased to the same extent as the Bricks are warmed.

In particular, in the heating zone of the kiln Temperature differences of about 40 degrees Celsius do not exceed steps. In the pre-fire zone it is favorable if the tempe temperature difference of 20 degrees Celsius is not exceeded, while in the fire zone there is a temperature difference of 10 degrees Celsius should not be exceeded.

It is also recommended to air through the cooling area injection to even out the temperature to avoid that with excessive temperature differences undesirable Ver Formations occur on the bricks.

Another beneficial way of achieving an equal moderate temperature is that the brick stones are arranged on the tunnel kiln car in such a way that each brick is approximately the same from the heating gases is washed around. It is particularly recommended to use bricks stones on the tunnel kiln car in individual turrets, e.g. B. with one or two brick blanks per layer, stacked by have a distance from the neighboring turret. On  this way the heating gases reach all bricks and in particular also practically all outer surfaces of the bricks approximately uniform, which also helps one to suppress unwanted deformation during the burning process. That this arrangement of the bricks on the tunnel kiln car if necessary, that retrospectively for transport to be restacked is comparatively of subordinate Importance.

It has proven to be particularly beneficial if the bricks for the process according to the invention from a mixture of 60% Marl clay, 30% loess clay and 10% quartz sand. The mixing ratios are small, ratio moderately small tolerances possible.

Such a mixture has particularly good properties in the rear view of the method according to the invention, namely insofar very little as a brick blank from this mixture tends to occur with a careful, careful burning process to deform.

Finally, the invention proposes that the machining, especially the grinders used to manufacture the plan electronic surface measurement for the exact surfaces Make bricks and give the measuring device if the processing machine is tracking. That way the wear, for example on the grinding wheels, so be readjusted that the machining accuracy of Brick blanks do not wear off.

The method according to the invention is intended for bricks, which have a cuboid shape in the finished state, but especially for those bricks in which Aus  savings are provided to increase the insulation effect. Bricks of this shape in particular offer good advance setting that the heating during the burning process is the same moderate because the heating gases are only comparatively have to heat small wall thicknesses.

However, the method according to the invention is also applicable to such Bricks applicable where the machined surfaces protrusions after processing, for example protruding Ribs or recesses adapted to these ribs. Such bricks, which are known per se, result in Association from the outset a bracketing between the individual stones. It does not matter whether the Projections or recesses are also precisely machined, as is easily possible with the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A process for the production of plan-precise bricks, the bricks being fired after shaping and drying and the dimensionally accurate surfaces processed, e.g. B. be ground and / or milled, characterized in that the precise machining is carried out on the ge shaped and dried bricks, and that the burning process, in which the bricks are heated as uniformly as possible, is done after the Bear. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the burning process using low temperature differences are made. 3. Method according to one or both of the preceding An sayings, characterized in that to achieve ge ringer temperature differences in the different zones air is blown into the kiln.   4. Method according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that in the heating zone of the kiln a temperature difference of approx. 40 Degrees Celsius is not exceeded. 5. Method according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that in the pre-fire zone of the kiln a temperature difference of approx. 20 Degrees Celsius is not exceeded. 6. Method according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that in the fire zone a temperature difference of approx. 10 degrees Celsius is not exceeded. 7. Method according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the bricks be arranged on the tunnel kiln car that each brick is approximately the same from the heater gas is washed around. 8. Method according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the bricks on the tunnel kiln car in individual turrets are stacked, one from each of the neighboring turrets Distance. 9. The method according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the bricks from a mixture of approx. 60% marl clay, approx. 30% loess loam and approx. 10% quartz sand.   10. The method according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the processing tion, especially the grinding machines position of the exact plan surfaces an electronic Measure the brick and measure it measuring device, if necessary, the machining machine tracks.