DE390C

DE390C - Precision control for steam engines with flat slides

Info

Publication number: DE390C
Application number: DE000000000390DA
Authority: DE
Original assignee: F A Schulz
Current assignee: F A Schulz
Priority date: 1877-08-01
Filing date: 1877-08-01
Anticipated expiration: 1897-08-02

Description

PATENTSCHRIFPATENT DOCUMENT

1877.1877.

F. AUG. SCHULZ in ZEITZ. Präcisions-Steuerung für Dampfmaschinen mit flachen Schiebern.F. AUG. SCHULZ in ZEITZ. Precision control for steam engines with flat slides.

Patentirt im Deutschen Reiche vom 3. August 1877 ab,Patented in the German Empire on August 3, 1877,

Die beiliegende Zeichnung giebt die Darstellung einer Präcisions - Steuerung für Dampfmaschinen mit flachen Schiebern, welche trotz Anwendungnur eines, durch nur einen Excenter bewegten Expansionsschiebers alle zwischen Null und ca. drei Viertel des Kolbenhubs liegenden Füllungsgrade zuläfst.The accompanying drawing shows a precision control system for steam engines with flat slides, which, despite being used, only have one eccentric moving expansion slide all between zero and about three quarters of the piston stroke Degree of filling allows.

Die Construction der Schieber und deren Arrangement ähneln im allgemeinen der bekannten Meyer'sehen Ausführung, unterscheiden sich jedoch von diesen insofern, als zwischen Grundschieber α und Expansionsschieber b, Fig. 2 und 3, eine in der Bewegungsrichtung' beider Schieber unverrückbare, mit Durchlafskanälen versehene, in Fig. 9 besonders gezeichnete Platte c eingeschaltet ist, welche unmittelbar auf dem Grundschieber liegt und mit beiden Schiebern verdichtet ist.The construction of the slide and its arrangement are generally similar to the known Meyer's design, but differ from these in that between the base slide α and expansion slide b, Figs , in Fig. 9 specially drawn plate c is switched on, which lies directly on the base slide and is compressed with both slides.

Nach rückwärts, der letztgedachten Platte zugewendet, bildet der Grundschieber einen Kasten (Fig. 2, 3 und 10), in welchem sich seine Dampfeinlafskanäle vereinigen, und dessen Dimensionen so bemessen sind, dafs die Durchlafskanäle der Zwischenplatte bei den äufsersten Positionen des Grundschiebers noch immer innerhalb dieses Kastens liegen, so dafs letzterer nur während der Eröffnungsdauer des Expansions - Schiebers mit dem Schieberkastenraum communicirt.Backwards, facing the last imagined plate, the basic slide forms a box (Fig. 2, 3 and 10), in which its steam inlet channels unite, and the dimensions of which are so dimensioned that the passage channels of the Intermediate plate in the outermost positions of the basic slide is still within this Box, so that the latter only during the opening period of the expansion valve communicates with the valve box room.

Der Expansions-Schieber ist, entsprechend der Zwischenplatte, gleichfalls mit mehreren Durchlafskanälen versehen, um neben der Erzielung eines möglichst grofsen Durchtrittsquerschnitts eine für die äufsere Steuerung wünschenswerte Reduction des Schieberaushubs zu ermöglichen.The expansion slide is, corresponding to the intermediate plate, also with several through-ducts in order to achieve the largest possible passage cross-section to enable a reduction in the amount of valve lift that is desirable for external control.

Die Stange des Expansions-Schiebers ist verbunden mit dem durch die vordere Schieberkastenwand tretenden Kolben d, Fig. 2, durch welchen, vermöge des auf ihm lastenden Dampfüberdruckes, der Rückgang bezw. das Schliefsen des Expansions-Schiebers bewirkt wird. Die Hubbegrenzung dieses Kolbens nach aufsen hin liegt in einem äufserlich angebrachten, weiter unten beschriebenen Luftcylinder.The rod of the expansion slide is connected to the piston d, FIG. the closing of the expansion slide is effected. The outward stroke limitation of this piston is located in an externally attached air cylinder described below.

Die Eröffnung der in der Zwischenplatte befindlichen Durchlafskanäle durch den Expansions-Schieber erfolgt durch Einwirkung der Druckspindel e, Fig. 2 und 4, auf den Kolben d, auf deren Vorschub die an dem durch einen Excenter bewegten Doppelhebel /, Fig. 1 und 4, hängenden Klinken gg¹ wechselseitig wirken. Diese Einwirkung erfolgt jedoch nicht direct, sondern seitens jeder Klinke durch eine in Fig. 7 besonders gezeichnete Kupplung i i *, welche hinter den Ansatz der Druckspindel e, Fig. 4, einhaken und diese mitnehmen.The opening of the throughflow ducts located in the intermediate plate by the expansion slide takes place through the action of the pressure spindle e, Fig. 2 and 4, on the piston d, on the advance of which the double lever /, Fig. 1 and 4, moved by an eccentric hanging pawls gg ¹ act alternately. However, this action does not take place directly, but on the part of each pawl through a coupling ii *, shown especially in FIG. 7, which hook behind the shoulder of the pressure spindle e, FIG. 4, and take it with them.

Die Bewegung der Klinken erfolgt, gemäfs deren Arrangement in Bezug auf den Drehpunkt des Hebels/, wechselseitig, so dafs die Eröffnung der Durchlafskanäle der Zwischenplatte während jeder Umdrehung der Schwungradwelle zweimal erfolgen mufs.The movement of the pawls takes place according to their arrangement in relation to the pivot point of the lever /, alternately, so that the opening of the passage channels of the intermediate plate must be done twice during each revolution of the flywheel shaft.

Beide Kupplungen i i^x sind dort, wo die Klinken angreifen, mit hartem Stahl armirt, bilden genau gleiche Halbcylinder und führen sich, zusammengelegt und mit Einschlufs der Druckspindel e, in einer Kanone des an dem Maschinengestell befestigten, alle Theile der Expansionsvorrichtung tragenden Bocks k, in welchem auch die Führung der Grundschieberstange sich befindet. Both clutches ii ^x are armored with hard steel where the pawls engage, form exactly the same half-cylinder and, folded together and with the inclusion of the pressure spindle e, run in a cannon of the bracket k, which is attached to the machine frame and carries all parts of the expansion device, in which the guide of the basic slide rod is also located.

Dem Verdrehen der Kupplungen wird entgegengewirkt durch den Riegel s, Fig. 4 und 7, welcher von unten durch die Wand der Kanone in eine Nuth der unteren Kupplung eingeführt ist.The twisting of the couplings is counteracted by the bolt s, FIGS. 4 and 7, which is inserted from below through the wall of the cannon into a groove in the lower coupling.

Die Auslösuug der Klinken erfolgt durch Anstofsen derselben an die Daumen m m *, Fig. 4, 5 und 6, welche vermittelst der aus denFiguren 1, 2 und 6 leicht verständlichen Hebel-Combination durch den Regulator eingestellt werden.The latches are released by attaching them to the thumbs mm *, Figs. 4, 5 and 6, which are set by the regulator using the lever combination, which is easily understood from Figures 1, 2 and 6.

Die dem Schieberkasten zunächst liegende Führungsbüchse η enthält, wie Fig. 4 zeigt, eine leichte Spiralfeder, welche durch den auf der Druckspindel gleitenden Kolben ο die Kupplungen nach erfolgter Auslösung in ihre Nullstellung zurücktreibt und dieselben bis zum Einsetzen der Klinken in dieser Stellung festhält. The guide bushing η lying next to the valve body contains, as FIG. 4 shows, a light spiral spring which, by the piston sliding on the pressure spindle, drives the clutches back to their zero position after they have been released and holds them in this position until the pawls are inserted.

Zur Vermeidung harten Antreffens ist sowohl letztgedachter Kolben, wie auch der Fänger der Kupplungen mit Leder armirt.To avoid hard hits, both the last thought piston and the catcher are the Clutches armored with leather.

Die Begrenzung des Rückganges der Druckspindel, und somit auch die des Rückganges des Expansionsschiebers, liegt in dem Luftcylinder /, Fig. 4, in welchem der auf der Druckspindel befestigte Kolben q möglichst luftdicht schliefst; die durchbohrte Schraube r dient zum Reguliren des Luftpolsters.The limitation of the decrease in the pressure spindle, and thus also the decrease in the expansion slide, lies in the air cylinder /, FIG. 4, in which the piston q attached to the pressure spindle closes as airtight as possible; the cannulated screw r is used to regulate the air cushion.

Es soll nun, wenn der Luftkolben q fest an die Grundfläche des Luftcylinders gedrückt wird und die Kupplungen dicht an ihrem FängerIt should now when the air piston q is pressed firmly against the base of the air cylinder and the couplings close to their catcher

Claims

lie, between the "approach of the pressure spindle and the steel inserts of the clutches serving as drivers" there is a slight play, through which, since the _; ^: Clutches, by virtue of the spiral spring imagined above, lead the spindle on retreat, a hard meeting of both parts is avoided.

As already mentioned at the beginning, the expansion slide is activated during each rotation of the Flywheel shaft controlled twice and the relevant eccentric set so that the opening the through-flow channels in the intermediate plate takes place when, for example, the base slide is in the middle his way is.

The coverage of the expansion slide over its entire stroke length is thought to be approx. Ι: 5, so that all degrees of filling between zero and three quarters of the piston stroke are possible are.

The control described is similar in terms of the arrangement and construction of the sliders generally of the well-known Meyer design; the movement also takes place Slide in a known manner, in that the base slide directly through an eccentric and the Expansion slide, in the sense of Meyer-Starke vision Expansion valve, controlled twice during each revolution of the machine shaft; furthermore, the arrangement of the Klinkwerk analogous to that of the Houget and Preston Corlifs machine, as well as that of the im second October issue of the Dingler'schen Journal, year 1876, Tremper'schen described Expansion regulator.

Also not new is the closing of the expansion slide by the one, by the Wall of the valve body towards the piston pushing outwards, burdening steam pressure, like itself this is used in the flat slide expansion control of Kopp η er and Wannieck, described in Stummer's Ingenieur, Vienna, June 1875, and although this control, with regard to the use of flat slides, an analogy with the one described offers, it is, however, essentially different from the latter, as in the case of the latter it is Application of two more independent from each other, but equally in their movement two base valves, which are dependent on expansion valves, located in separate valve boxes Condition is and only a filling level of at most 40 pCt. of the piston stroke is possible.

The novelty and peculiarity of the control described is that it is the same despite the use of only one basic slide and only one, moved by only one eccentric Expansion slide all filling levels between zero and three quarters of the piston stroke allow.

This, however, is achieved through the fixation of the admission channels of the basic slide the immovable in the direction of movement of the slide, sealing both slide Intermediate plate and by coupling the ratchet mechanism with the rod of the expansion slide.

It should also be noted that the control described involves the use of two valve boxes and consequently also the use of two basic and two expansion valves (each on one and the same rod and therefore to be regarded as one slider each) does not exclude, if a shortening of the steam channels appears to be desirable for economic reasons.

A second, essential purpose of the intermediate plate is to achieve a better expansion effect, than with all expansion and expansion gauges to be attached in front of the valve body Regulatory devices is possible, as well as the avoidance of steam losses and the Elimination of the beating and lifting of the slider, which in all of the last thought category associated expansion apparatus inevitably occurs as soon as there is strong relief of the machine the final voltage in the cylinder and valve body falls below atmospheric pressure and the latter, retroactively through the blow-out pipe, lifts the slide.

Patent claim: a precision control for steam engines with flat slides, which despite the use of only one expansion slide moved by just one eccentric all between zero and three quarters of the piston stroke allows filling degrees.

For this purpose I sheet drawings.