DE3620439A1 - Apparatus and method for the purpose of acquiring load data from current pick-offs (current collectors, moving contacts) with the aid of a microprocessor having an integrated multifunction display, cos (y) detection and maximum load monitoring, and a residual current device (fault-current protection circuit breaker) - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for the purpose of acquiring load data from current pick-offs (current collectors, moving contacts) with the aid of a microprocessor having an integrated multifunction display, cos (y) detection and maximum load monitoring, and a residual current device (fault-current protection circuit breaker)Info
- Publication number
- DE3620439A1 DE3620439A1 DE19863620439 DE3620439A DE3620439A1 DE 3620439 A1 DE3620439 A1 DE 3620439A1 DE 19863620439 DE19863620439 DE 19863620439 DE 3620439 A DE3620439 A DE 3620439A DE 3620439 A1 DE3620439 A1 DE 3620439A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- current
- phases
- cos
- detection
- maximum load
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R11/00—Electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. of consumption
- G01R11/48—Meters specially adapted for measuring real or reactive components; Meters specially adapted for measuring apparent energy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
- G01R21/001—Measuring real or reactive component; Measuring apparent energy
- G01R21/003—Measuring reactive component
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
- G01R21/08—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by using galvanomagnetic-effect devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices
Abstract
Description
Die Bedeutung des sparsamen Umgangs mit elektrischer Energie wird für die Zukunft ein immer wichtigeres Thema werden.The importance of economical use of electrical Energy will become more and more important for the future Become a subject.
Dem Bemühen, Energie zu sparen, steht teilweise die Tarifgestaltung der EVU's entgegen, die sowohl die in Anspruch genommene Leistung als auch die installierte elektrische Leistung bei der Berechnung der Kosten in Ansatz bringen.Part of the effort to save energy stands Tariff structure of the RUs, both the used power as well as the installed electrical power when calculating the cost in Bring approach.
Eine Änderung dieses Tarifwesens, das den Stromverbraucher letztlich relativ günstiger stellt als den sparsamen Stromkunden, ist derzeit aus praktischen Gründen nicht durchführbar, weil der erforderliche apparative Aufwand in keinem vernünftigen Verhältnis zum Nutzen steht.A change in this tariff system that affects electricity consumers ultimately relatively cheaper than that economical electricity customers, is currently out of practical Reasons not feasible because of the required apparatus expenditure in no reasonable ratio is useful.
Hier setzt der erfindungsgemäße Gedanken an.This is where the idea of the invention comes in.
Durch Einsatz neuzeitlicher Technologien, z. B. von Mikroprozessoren, ist es möglich, quasi gleichzeitig eine Vielzahl von Messungen, beziehungsweise Funktionen durchzuführen.By using modern technologies, e.g. B. from Microprocessors, it is possible quasi simultaneously a variety of measurements or functions perform.
Demnach ist der erfindungsgemäße Gedanke, einen Mikroprozessor zur Lösung der oben angerissenen Probleme einzusetzen.Accordingly, the idea according to the invention is a microprocessor to solve the problems outlined above to use.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dabei wie folgt vorgegangen:The procedure according to the invention is as follows:
Über die Klemmleisten (1) und (2) werden die drei Phasen L 1, L 2, L 3 und N durch einen gesicherten und geschlossenen Schaltkasten mit vorzugsweise kleinen Abmessungen geleitet. The three phases L 1 , L 2 , L 3 and N are passed through a secured and closed switch box with preferably small dimensions via the terminal strips ( 1 ) and ( 2 ).
An den einzelnen Phasen beziehungsweise am Null- Leiter wird über geeignete Einrichtungen in der bevorzugten Ausführung (Hall-Elemente) ein Signal gewonnen, das proportional dem Strom ist, der durch den Leiter fließt.At the individual phases or at the zero Head will find appropriate facilities in the preferred embodiment (Hall elements) a signal won, which is proportional to the current flowing through the conductor flows.
Das so gewonnene Signal wird auf einen A/D-Wandler (5) gegeben, der vorzugsweise in einem Mikroprozessor (6) integriert ist.The signal obtained in this way is passed to an A / D converter ( 5 ) which is preferably integrated in a microprocessor ( 6 ).
Gleichfalls an die Stromleiter angeschlossen sind geeignete Spannungsteiler (4), die die den einzelnen Phasen zugeordnete Spannung in den A/D-Wandler (5) übertragen.Suitable voltage dividers ( 4 ) are also connected to the current conductors and transmit the voltage assigned to the individual phases into the A / D converter ( 5 ).
Das im Mikroprozessor enthaltene und festgespeicherte Rechenprogramm tastet die einzelnen Phasen so ab, daß mit einer hohen Abtastrate, die in der bevorzugten Ausführung etwa 20 kHz ist, jeweils die Strom- und Spannungswerte einer Phase hintereinander gemessen werden. Das bedeutet, daß der zeitliche Versatz dieser Messung im Verhältnis zur Meßfrequenz sehr klein ist.The one stored and permanently stored in the microprocessor The computer program scans the individual phases so that with a high sampling rate, which in the preferred embodiment is about 20 kHz, the current and voltage values, respectively one phase in a row. The means that the time offset of this measurement in Ratio to the measuring frequency is very small.
Das Rechenprogramm multipliziert nicht nur diese Werte miteinander, um daraus ein Maß für die beanspruchte Leistung zu errechnen, es stellt auch die Phasenbeziehung der gemessenen Strom- bzw. Spannungssignale her.The computer program does not just multiply these values with each other to get a measure of the claimed To calculate performance, it also represents the phase relationship the measured current or voltage signals forth.
Aus der Phasen-Differenz errechnet das Programm den Blindstromverbrauch. Über zugeordnete Ausgänge (9) wird in der bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung es möglich gemacht, daß über zweckdienliche Schaltglieder beispielsweise Kondensatoren zugeschaltet werden können, um den Blindstrom zu kompensieren, den cos (y) also auf einen Wert von 0,9 zu bringen.The program calculates the reactive current consumption from the phase difference. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, assigned outputs ( 9 ) make it possible that, for example, capacitors can be connected via appropriate switching elements in order to compensate for the reactive current, ie to bring the cos ( y ) to a value of 0.9.
Die Summe der über die drei Phasen abgegebenen Leistungen wird im Mikroprozessor addiert, mit der Zeit multipliziert und integriert, wobei beim Erreichen einer Arbeitsabgabe von z. B. 0,1 kW h ein Schaltimpuls generiert wird, der ein vorzugsweise mechanisches Zählwerk um einen Schritt weiterschaltet, der 0,1 kW h entspricht.The sum of the services provided over the three phases is added in the microprocessor, multiplied by time and integrated, where when reaching a workload of z. B. 0.1 kW h a switching pulse is generated, the one preferably mechanical counter by one step incremented, which corresponds to 0.1 kW h.
Selbstverständlich sind auch andere Leistungsschritte denkbar, die zum Beispiel einer vollen kW-Stunde oder 0,01-kW-Stunde entsprechen.Of course, other performance steps are also conceivable, for example a full kW hour or 0.01 kW hour correspond.
Die für diesen Vorgang erforderliche Zeitbasis wird entweder von einer Quartz-Zeit-Basis abgenommen oder aber aus der Netzfrequenz des Wechselstromes abgeleitet.The time base required for this process is either taken from a quartz time basis or from the Line frequency of the alternating current derived.
Der Mikroprozessor steuert eine vorzugsweise LCD-Anzeige an, die über den reinen Zählwerksstand, wie derzeit bekannt, hinaus weitere Werte anzeigt, die für den Stromverbraucher von Interesse sein können und ihn bei seinem Bemühen unterstützen, Leistung und damit Energie zu sparen.The microprocessor controls a preferably LCD display to the pure counter status, as is currently known, also displays other values for the electricity consumer may be of interest and at him support his efforts, performance and therefore energy to save.
In der bevorzugten Ausführung ist die aktuelle beanspruchte Leistung für jede einzelne Phase angegeben. Das ist von Interesse für die symmetrische Auslastung des Netzes (siehe auch "Schieflast").In the preferred embodiment, the current one is claimed Performance for every single phase specified. That is of interest to the symmetric Network utilization (see also "unbalanced load").
Ebenfalls von Interesse ist es, den cos (y) zu wissen, weil dies dem Fachmann und dem interessierten Laien eindeutige Aufschlüsse darüber gibt, welche Maßnahmen zu ergreifen sind, um den Blindstromverbrauch zurückzudrängen. It is also of interest to know the cos ( y ), because this gives the expert and the interested layperson clear information about which measures have to be taken to reduce the reactive current consumption.
Ebenfalls im Prozessor ist integriert ein vielkanaliger Höchstlast-Begrenzer. In der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung spricht der Prozessor über eine kodierte 4-Bit-Leitung mit nachgeschaltetem Dekodierer 16 Kanäle an, die über einen Optokoppler potentialfrei mit einem "open-collektor" in der Lage sind, beispielsweise ein Schütz zu bedienen.A multi-channel is also integrated in the processor Maximum load limiter. In the embodiment according to the invention the processor speaks over a coded 4-bit line with downstream decoder 16 channels on an optocoupler potential-free with an "open collector" are able to operate a contactor, for example.
Beim Überschreiten eines vorher im Programm festgelegten Leistungswertes, schaltet das Programm von oben beginnend einzelne Kanäle ab. Der Installateur ist in der Lage, in Abstimmung mit dem EVU und dem Kunden diese Schaltkanäle einzelnen Stromkreisen zuzuordnen, dergestalt, daß ergebnismäßig das Überschreiten eines vorher festgelegten Gesamtstromes der Anlage technisch damit verhindert wird.When exceeding a previously defined in the program Power value, the program switches from the top individual channels. The installer is able to Coordination with the RU and the customer of these switching channels to assign to individual circuits in such a way that results exceeding a predetermined one Total current of the system is technically prevented.
Somit vereinigt der erfindungsgemäße Apparat/Vorrichtung eine Vielzahl von Funktionen, die nach dem derzeitigen Stande der Technik jeweils einzeln ausgeführt sind, hohe Kosten verursachen und eines nicht unerheblichen Installationsaufwandes bedürfen.The apparatus / device according to the invention thus combines a variety of functions according to the current State of the art are individually executed, high Cause costs and one not insignificant Installation effort required.
Auch dem Nicht-Großverbraucher ist es mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Apparates möglich, seinen Stromverbrauch zu reduzieren, weiterhin die abgenommene Höchstlast wirkungsvoll zu begrenzen und damit Tarifvorteile zu haben, ferner kann er über die LCD-Multifunktionsanzeige jederzeit sich ein Bild seiner elektrischen Anlage verschaffen, wobei insbesondere die Möglichkeit der Blindstrom-Kompensation von Bedeutung ist.Even the non-bulk consumer can use the apparatus according to the invention possible, its power consumption continue to reduce the maximum load removed effective limitation and thus tariff advantages to have, he can also via the LCD multifunction display anytime a picture of its electrical Provide facility, in particular the possibility reactive current compensation is important.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19863620439 DE3620439A1 (en) | 1986-06-18 | 1986-06-18 | Apparatus and method for the purpose of acquiring load data from current pick-offs (current collectors, moving contacts) with the aid of a microprocessor having an integrated multifunction display, cos (y) detection and maximum load monitoring, and a residual current device (fault-current protection circuit breaker) |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19863620439 DE3620439A1 (en) | 1986-06-18 | 1986-06-18 | Apparatus and method for the purpose of acquiring load data from current pick-offs (current collectors, moving contacts) with the aid of a microprocessor having an integrated multifunction display, cos (y) detection and maximum load monitoring, and a residual current device (fault-current protection circuit breaker) |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3620439A1 true DE3620439A1 (en) | 1987-12-23 |
Family
ID=6303221
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19863620439 Withdrawn DE3620439A1 (en) | 1986-06-18 | 1986-06-18 | Apparatus and method for the purpose of acquiring load data from current pick-offs (current collectors, moving contacts) with the aid of a microprocessor having an integrated multifunction display, cos (y) detection and maximum load monitoring, and a residual current device (fault-current protection circuit breaker) |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE3620439A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3927414A1 (en) * | 1989-08-19 | 1991-02-21 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Monitoring mining machinery, installations and power supply - measuring and evaluating current and voltage with measuring appts. integrated in existing compact stations |
DE4026799A1 (en) * | 1990-08-24 | 1992-02-27 | Licentia Gmbh | Selective detection of faults in conductors in high voltage network - by comparing conductor voltages and currents with earth current and star earth voltage |
DE4109928A1 (en) * | 1991-03-26 | 1992-10-01 | Muenster Stadtwerke | User electrical power consumption measuring system - is supplied respectively with current across supply lines which are connected together at central metering unit which determines power sum |
WO1994003818A1 (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1994-02-17 | The Dow Chemical Company | High speed power analyzer |
US6310470B1 (en) | 1997-04-19 | 2001-10-30 | Lust Antriebstechnik Gmbh | Method and device for measuring the difference in magnetic field strength with magnetoresistive sensors |
WO2002071080A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electronic voltage transformer |
EP2163909A1 (en) * | 2008-09-10 | 2010-03-17 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Method of detecting a sustained parallel source condition |
AU2010100428B4 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-02-24 | Landis & Gyr Pty Ltd | Method and Apparatus for Power Supply Fault Detection |
-
1986
- 1986-06-18 DE DE19863620439 patent/DE3620439A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3927414A1 (en) * | 1989-08-19 | 1991-02-21 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Monitoring mining machinery, installations and power supply - measuring and evaluating current and voltage with measuring appts. integrated in existing compact stations |
DE4026799A1 (en) * | 1990-08-24 | 1992-02-27 | Licentia Gmbh | Selective detection of faults in conductors in high voltage network - by comparing conductor voltages and currents with earth current and star earth voltage |
DE4109928A1 (en) * | 1991-03-26 | 1992-10-01 | Muenster Stadtwerke | User electrical power consumption measuring system - is supplied respectively with current across supply lines which are connected together at central metering unit which determines power sum |
DE4109928C2 (en) * | 1991-03-26 | 1998-02-26 | Muenster Stadtwerke | Device for measuring the power consumption of a plurality of electrical consumption units |
WO1994003818A1 (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1994-02-17 | The Dow Chemical Company | High speed power analyzer |
US6310470B1 (en) | 1997-04-19 | 2001-10-30 | Lust Antriebstechnik Gmbh | Method and device for measuring the difference in magnetic field strength with magnetoresistive sensors |
WO2002071080A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electronic voltage transformer |
EP2163909A1 (en) * | 2008-09-10 | 2010-03-17 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Method of detecting a sustained parallel source condition |
US8120206B2 (en) | 2008-09-10 | 2012-02-21 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Method of detecting a sustained parallel source condition |
AU2010100428B4 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-02-24 | Landis & Gyr Pty Ltd | Method and Apparatus for Power Supply Fault Detection |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8127 | New person/name/address of the applicant |
Owner name: E.T.R. ELEKTRONIK UND TECHNOLOGIE RUMP GMBH, 4600 |
|
8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |