DE3427100A1 - Heat-pump function accumulator - Google Patents

Abstract

Heat-pump function accumulator (HPFA) as a method for collecting and distributing heating heat, in which all otherwise known function and behaviour sequences, such as in heat pumps, large-volume layered accumulators as well as regulating and control members, are designed to be matched to one another and optimised in detail in such a manner that a simple, new, comprehensive and effective method for exceptionally economical, low-loss and environment-friendly heating heat provision and distribution arises therefrom. As a result, heat consumption which occurs cyclically in level and length of output and heat production and recovery running asynchronously in relation thereto can be collected and distributed from heat which would otherwise be lost. The annual cycle and the heat pump operated with alternative current generation are in this case the optimal use possibilities.

Description

Patent description O 4 Z / Ί 0 U

Functional heat pump storage

In the patent designation heat pump function storage tank (VVPFS)
is intended to express the fact that a heat pump and a large storage tank designed for temperature stratification form a functional unit for the procurement, storage and distribution of heating energy.

Strongly changing and changing consumption in long
and / or short periods of time with changing flow temperatures, preferably on the warm side, with this method, while at the same time optimizing the heat pump design,
be balanced.

The heat pump, together with the control and switching valves provided in the medium circuit, maintains constant the set useful temperatures for cooling in the lower
Area of the lower volume part and by switching to
Heating in the upper area of the upper part of the volume of the large-scale storage tank.

The insulated divider in the storage tank, which divides the upper and lower volume part in relation to the heat given off at the condenser - with fossil-fueled heat pumps plus the engine waste heat and the absorbed heat at the evaporator of the heat pump, supports the long-term temperature stratification in the Storage.

By switching the heat pump to, depending on the energy requirement the cold or warm side (e.g. based on the annual mean temperature or on the weekly cycle of a production process), medium temperatures are stored immediately above and below the separating web, which also have a Mixing of the useful temperatures, prematurely by free and forced convection in the storage tank would be prevented over a longer period of time.

With the storage, as well as the consumption of heating and cooling energy, between the upper and lower volume part of the storage tank, characteristic flows of different magnitudes arise for the. the divider is permeable at one point »

Those flowing back from the heat consumers and suppliers

Horst Lüeße, 8o11 Kirchheim

Mass flows of different temperatures are the average Temperature level in the storage tank, i.e. immediately above and below of the divider, assigned and only mix there with the surrounding area through appropriately designed inlets and outlets

ifO medium.

Heat conduction on the shell of the large storage tank, its geometry is preferably spherical because of the lowest heat loss, cannot be done due to the insulation applied on the inside. This also causes the drive to be mixed in.

/ f5. bound.

The storage facility is either

- completely in the ground

- half in the ground, with the upper half covered with the excavation and can be landscaped and / or architecturally designed

- or is used as a high-rise or partially high-rise functional element built, which through architectural renovation " (e.g. apartments, business premises, garages) is designed.

Among other things, the rooms for the heat pump system will be built in the ground.

The IfPFS is connected to the heat consumers and suppliers by a preferably underground triple pipe system. This should keep the external heat losses small. Preferably electrically operated pumps are responsible for conveying the medium.

The cold medium collects the heat via commonly known Heat exchange process for the heat suppliers, e.g .:

- Waste heat from production processes

- Waste heat from air conditioning systems

- heat from the ambient air

- Heat from draining hot brewing water

- '"/ poor from solar panels

- Heat from cold rooms

- Heat from cooling water from power plants

It is known that heat pump systems are always used when the statement of a profitability calculation justifies this commitment. The usage times are on

Horst Lüeße, 8011 Kirchheim

the warm side, the mostly staggered usage times on the cold side, with the required medium Quantities and temperatures and the resulting performance figures and with the investment costs the decisive Factors.

In order to at least partially compensate for the time lag between the required outputs on the cold and warm side, storage tanks are used for the temperatures required in each case.
However, it is necessary that

- the heat pump always between the required cold and warm Temperature, i.e. with a low coefficient of performance on average, or a strongly fluctuating coefficient of performance at the same time strongly different service life, must work.

- By dividing the storage into separate containers, greater external heat losses must be taken into account.

- the heat pump as a relatively powerful unit, either designed according to the power requirement of the cold or that of the warm side.

- Due to the above-mentioned disadvantages, a uniformly desirable heat pump operation is interrupted and / or by being consulted other energy sources must be supplemented.

- e.g. with conventional air conditioning systems and / or production processes with cooling and heating demand, daytime operation is usually operated with an electric drive, for which daily electricity tariffs with high deployment costs and bad Efficiencies have to be accepted due to the prevailing partial load operation.

The invention is based on the object mentioned above Avoid disadvantages of conventional heat pump systems and new aspects and elements, especially for environmental protection, to be additionally considered for future heating technologies, for example:

1. Distribution of the constant temperature difference in the work process of the heat pump to a lower temperature _ level to collect and store heat and by switching to an upper temperature level to generate heat

Horst Lüeße, 8011 Kirchheim

rait the required temperature. For the process of the demand cycle ...

1.1 a predictable, almost constant, high Achievement figure achieved,

1.2 a relatively low-power heat pump with long running times applicable,

1.3 continuous full load operation with optimized efficiency possible

2. Consolidation of the collection, distribution and provision functions for the thermal energy in a large-scale shift storage, which means that external heat losses remain small.

3. Avoiding the use of fossil fuels during the entire demand cycle, or significant reduction the consumption of fossil fuels in fossil-fueled heat pumps.

if. Limitation of the heat pump operating time with electrical Operation with public power supply for the low tariff period or for the time of alternative power supply, e.g. from photovoltaics or wind energy.

5. Correspondence with the positive evaluation of the "island strategy" by the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology.

6. Compliance with the requirement for consistent use of Environmentally friendly and renewable heat.

?. Compliance with the requirement for environmental protection through zero consumption of fossil fuels in the field of application. 8. Compliance with the requirement for independence from zu importing fuels (currently especially oil and gas).

9 · Corresponding to the requirement for something to be set up in a meaningful way Jobs.

10. Corresponding to the demand for awareness building in the 12fO population by establishing interest groups, such as Special purpose associations, cooperatives, small operating companies, etc.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing Features of claims 1 to 7 solved.

Horst Lüeße, 80I1 Kirchheim

4-5 The outstanding advantages of the invention consist in the consistent use of environmental and regenerablex heat for heating purposes at the same time
- the lowest possible emission of pollutants to the immediately adjacent and affected environment, - the greatest possible awareness of environmental protection among the population through the establishment of, for example, interest groups in settlement areas and / or inclusion of, for example, promotional ordinances by municipal administrations,
- Most economical effort for the choice and the drive of the heat pump.

A very simplified calculation example is to compare the consumption costs and the environmental impact of known heating methods with fossil fuel and the method with WPFS: An older housing estate, consisting of single and multi-family houses, needs 2oo "ooo liters of heating oil per year for the heat supply, including the production of domestic hot water per liter of EM costs 0.71. With a degree of utilization of the heating oil of 30% , the consumption costs result in: B = 200,000 1 χ o, 71 EM / 1 = H2.OOO, - EM and the usable thermal energy as:
E = 200,000 1 χ 9.9 KWh / l χ 0.5 = 99o * ooo KWh and from this the specific consumption costs to: b = B / E = 14.2,000 / 990,000 = o, H3 DM / KWh.

With the present WPFS process, the environmental heat, consisting of the direct radiation energy of the sun and the energy content of the air of the corresponding temperature and Moisture can be used consistently. At the same time, the greatest possible environmental protection should be achieved in the immediate vicinity will. This is why the electrically operated heat pump is ideal.

A maximum flow temperature of the medium, preferably water, in the winter period of γθ C (based on experience not higher in old systems) and a minimum medium temperature in the flow of 5 C to take over environmental heat should be

Horst Lüeße, 80II Kirchheim

In the V / PF S process, the following temperatures in the heating / cooling medium flow and set in the refrigerant circuit: Operation at the lower temperature level (transfer of ambient heat): Refrigerant side: evaporation temperature = O C, Condensation temperature = if2.5 ° C, performance figure = ^, 2.

Medium side: flow temperature cold = 5 ° C, flow temperature warm = 37.5 ° C.

Operation at the upper temperature level after switchover (provision of heating): refrigerant side: evaporation temperature = 32.5 ° C, condensation temperature = 75 ° C, coefficient of performance = if, 6th medium side: flow temperature cold = 37.5 ° C, flow temperature warm =? o C.

Based on the usable thermal energy of 990,000 IClVh formulated above, this results in low tariff electricity costs of 0.11 EM / KWh, an average performance figure of 1 +, L \. and heat losses with energy costs for ancillary units totaling 2o% of the following consumption costs:

B '= 990,000 KWh χ o.11 M / l +, k χ 0.8 KWh = 3o,937.5o Oi and the following specific energy costs:

b »= 3o,937.5o / 99o.ooo = o, o31 DM / KWh.

Because of the different evaluation influences in the comparison were neglected:

In the WTFS process: The costs for personnel, provision of services, electricity price increases, maintenance, repairs, debt servicing.

For oil heating: The costs for personnel, use of the tank space, Chimney, power consumption burner, oil price increase, maintenance, repairs and debt servicing; also the cost of the Repairing environmental damage.

Horst Lüeße, 80II Kirchheim

Blank page -

Claims (1)

Patent claims o4Z / IUU Heat pump function storage ( ¹ A ¹ PFS) as a method for the economical and environmentally friendly procurement, storage and distribution of heat (e.g. for residential areas and / or public facilities and / or production plants), characterized (dg) that the demand and surplus of heat staggered in a cycle, for example annual and / or production sequence, with little loss, fossil fuel saving and environmentally friendly with only one through z "B. Low-tariff electricity or alternative electricity generation, including fossil-fueled heat pumpsQj low power (including individual requests for parallel and reserve units) - with a preferably large-volume, internally insulated, horizontal divider ^ 3) divided around heat by an insulated horizontal divider ^ 3) that is permeable at one point Layered storage (^ via special Fmpump- (6), switchover- (7) j Regulation, control and distribution systems, which ensure a consistently high performance figure, forming a functional unit - is procured, stored and distributed. 2. WPFS, i.e. that the heat pump (WP) after determining the maximum upper and minimum lower flow temperature of the heating and cooling medium, according to the invention, depending on requirements, either in an upper or a lower temperature range, at the same temperature Di ff er enzQ8) between condensing ^ 9) and evaporation temperature Q ^ in the ΐΐΡ-system, works. 3 · WPFS, i.e. that the medium has a cold flow temperature, accordingly its highest specific gravity, in the deepest spatial area of the lower storage volume part y ^ and the medium warmer, preferably flow temperature Qj), regulated depending on the outside temperature, according to its lowest specific weight, in the highest area of the upper storage volume part (Π!) via suitable Ladetassen yj) is stored, while according to the invention all the rest incurred by the pumping, switching and distribution system Media flows of the most varied mixed temperatures in spatial proximity (yyy) of the isolated, permeable at one point, Divider, preventing internal convection, fed, Horst Lüeße, 8011 Kirchheim "or can be removed, which means that the heating and / or cooling operation Stored media quantities of warm and cold temperature also against each other, in the sense of a desired, stable temperature stratification in memory, be shielded. k · V / PF S, dg that the memory, which is preferably provided in spherical form, has various possible aboveground, partially or completely subterranean arrangements, the outer jacket of which Qj?) takes over dimensional stability, internal pressure and weight forces and is vapor-tight, according to the invention on the The inside of the shell is lined with pressure-resistant thermal insulation ζζ) free of thermal bridges and designed to accommodate the medium with a media- and temperature-resistant, stretchable plastic or rubber bladder Qj), which largely suppresses heat conduction in the contact area between the medium and the storage shell and thus the Drive for premature and therefore undesired mixing of the useful temperatures is reduced to a minimum and the thermal expansion of the medium is absorbed from the entire hydraulic system through the space QJ) left free. 5. 'AT ³ FS, dg that the choice of HP performance results from the average cycle heating and / or cooling requirement and the HP operating time, e.g. in the low tariff area of the public power supply network, as well as the consistently high utilization with a high performance figure and thus turns out to be small according to the invention. 6. '.7PFS, dg that according to the invention a preferably underground triple pipe system (2cj) connects the heat consumers (| j) and ^) / or suppliers with the WPFS, the pipe for the cold medium (Sj) being a good heat conductor ( 25) is connected to an outer, good heat-conducting, externally heat- and vapor-tight insulated, Rohrhüll.e (gb) and the pipe for the warm medium (ξ ^), as well as the pipe of larger cross-section for the common return (28) in a distance from one another fixed by spacers (^ with intermediate, preferably foamed, thermal insulation (39), whereby in particular external heat losses are avoided. Horst Lüeße, 801t Kirchheim ?. WPFS, d.g. that according to the invention the heat consumer through sensible, voluntary, own measures (e.g. installation of solar collectors, absorbers, outside air heat exchangers, cold rooms, Air conditioners, etc.) can contribute to the billable supply of environmental and waste heat and thus the motivation for a common and mutually perceptible task is given. (To clarify the procedure, a noise pump function memory scheme which localizes the reference symbols used, see Appendix 1) Horst Lüeße, 8o1T Kirchheim