DE3330124A1 - Process for producing mineral-bonded wood materials, using a latent hydraulic binder - Google Patents
Process for producing mineral-bonded wood materials, using a latent hydraulic binderInfo
- Publication number
- DE3330124A1 DE3330124A1 DE3330124A DE3330124A DE3330124A1 DE 3330124 A1 DE3330124 A1 DE 3330124A1 DE 3330124 A DE3330124 A DE 3330124A DE 3330124 A DE3330124 A DE 3330124A DE 3330124 A1 DE3330124 A1 DE 3330124A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- water
- latent
- mixtures
- alkaline
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical class [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 trass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052928 kieserite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/30—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing magnesium cements or similar cements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/52—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement
- B28B1/525—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement containing organic fibres, e.g. wood fibres
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von mineralisch gebundenen Holzwerkstoffen, wie Spanplatten oder Faserplatten oder Formteile, die ein latent hydraulisches Bindemittel enthalten und unter Einfluß von Druck und Wärme innerhalb von Minuten erhärten.The invention relates to a method for the production of minerally bonded wood materials, such as chipboard or Fiberboard or molded parts that contain a latent hydraulic binder and are exposed to pressure and heat harden within minutes.
Latent hydraulische Bindemittel sind natürlich vorkommende oder künstlich erzeugte Puzzolane, die mit Hilfe eines alkalischen Anregers urfd Wasser zu wasserunlöslichen Silikaten hydratisieren . Als alkalischer Anreger dient in den meisten Fällen entweder Kalkwasser oder Portlandzement, der bei der Hydratisierung Calciumhydroxid freisetzt. Jedoch sind lange Erhärtungszeiten erforderlich, so daß die Herstellung von Holzwerkstoffen unter Verwendung von latent hydraulischen Bindemitteln nicht auf ähnliche Weise geschehen kann wie die Herstellung von Holzspanplatten.Latent hydraulic binders are naturally occurring or artificially produced pozzolans that are made with the help of an alkaline The stimulator urfd water to hydrate to water-insoluble silicates. Most of them serve as an alkaline stimulator Cases either lime water or portland cement, which releases calcium hydroxide when hydrated. However, they are long Hardening times required so that the production of Wood-based materials using latent hydraulic binders cannot be done in a similar way to production of chipboard.
Bekannterweise werden bei der Herstellung von Holzspanplatten getrocknete Holzspäne bestimmter Dimensionen mit einem Kunstharz vermischt, auf Flachformen gestreut und anschließend unter Einfluß von Druck und Wärme zu plattenförmigen Werkstoffen verpreßt. Auch die Herstellung von Faserplatten nach dem Halbtrockenoder Trocken-Verfahren geschieht auf fast ähnliche Weise.It is known that in the production of chipboard, dried wood chips of certain dimensions are mixed with a synthetic resin mixed, sprinkled on flat molds and then pressed under the influence of pressure and heat to form sheet-like materials. The production of fiberboard using the semi-dry or dry process is also carried out in an almost similar way.
Die Erfindung ermöglicht es nun, Holzwerkstoffe wie Holzspanplatten oder Holzfaserplatten oder Formteile mit einem latent hydraulischen Bindemittel zu erzeugen, wobei die bereits bekannten Holzspanplattenanlagen und Holzfaserplattenanlagen nach einer geringfügigen Änderung der Mischvorrichtungen verwendet werden können.The invention now makes it possible to use wood-based materials such as chipboard or fibreboard or molded parts with a latent to produce hydraulic binders, with the already known chipboard plants and fibreboard plants according to a slight change in the mixing devices can be used.
Latent hydraulische Bindemittel wie Traß, Flugstaub, fein gemahlene Hochofenschlacke oder Silikastaub aus der Herstellung von Eisen-Silizium-Verbindungen stehen als Rohstoffe in ausreichenden Mengen und zu einem vertretbaren Preis zur Verfügung. Flugstaub und Silikastaub sind darüber hinaus Abfallstoffe, deren Beseitigung und Nutzbarmachung angestrebt wird. Somit ist das Verfahren auch umweltfreundlich.Latent hydraulic binders such as trass, fly ash, finely ground Blast furnace slag or silica dust from the production of iron-silicon compounds are available as sufficient raw materials Quantities available at a reasonable price. Airborne dust and silica dust are also waste materials, the removal and utilization of which is sought. Thus the process is also environmentally friendly.
Unter Einfluß von Wasser und in Gegenwart von Zusatzmitteln wird die Erhärtung der latent hydraulischen Bindemittel wie Traß, Flugstaub, feingemahlene Hochofensehlacke oder Silikastaub durch den alkalischen Anreger beschleunigt. Diese Erhärtungsreaktion wird durch eine Temperaturerhöhung stark beschleunigt. Sie läßt sich auf einfache Weise durch die Messung der Hydratationstemperatur und der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit verfolgen. Oberhalb von 1100C ist die Erhöhung der Erhärtungsgeschwindigkeit unbedeutend, weshalb in diesem Verfahren die Pressentemperatur vorzugsweise bei dieser Temperatur gehalten wird. Sie ist verhältnismäßig niedrig im Vergleich zu den üblichen Temperaturen bei der Herstellung von Holzspan- und Holzfaserplatten.Under the influence of water and in the presence of additives, the hardening of the latent hydraulic binders such as tassel, fly ash, finely ground blast furnace slag or silica dust is accelerated by the alkaline stimulator. This hardening reaction is greatly accelerated by increasing the temperature. It can be followed in a simple manner by measuring the hydration temperature and the electrical conductivity. Above 110 ° C., the increase in the hardening rate is insignificant, which is why the press temperature is preferably kept at this temperature in this process. It is relatively low compared to the usual temperatures in the manufacture of chipboard and fibreboard.
Niedrigere Temperaturen bedeuten einen geringeren Energiebedarf. Weiterhin ist die Gefahr von Mittenplatzern bei der Herstellung von Spanplatten geringer, weil niedrigere Temperaturen entsprechend niedrigere Partialdrücke innerhalb der Platte hervorrufen. Auch die Preßzeiten, berechnet pro mm Plattenstärke, können auf diese Weise verkürzt werden.Lower temperatures mean lower energy requirements. There is also the risk of center bursts during manufacture of chipboard, because lower temperatures result in correspondingly lower partial pressures within the board. The pressing times, calculated per mm of panel thickness, can also be shortened in this way.
Das Verfahren zur Herstellung von mineralisch gebundenen Holzwerkstoffen erfordert der Erfindung entsprechend Holzspäne mit den gleichen Dimensionen, wie sie üblicherweise zur Herstellung von harzgebundenen Spanplatten verwendet werden. Im Gegensatz zu diesem üblichen Verfahren brauchen die Späne jedoch nicht getrocknet zu werden. Es ist sogar ein Vorteil, wenn die Holzspäne einen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt aufweisen, der über dem Fasersättigungspunkt liegt. Dieses Wasser wird bei dem Mischvorgang mit kristallwasserhaltigem Zusatzmittel wie Magnesiumsulfat oder Magnesiumchlorid teilweise dazu benützt, das Zusatzmittel in Lösung zu bringen.The process for the production of minerally bound wood-based materials requires according to the invention wood chips with the same dimensions as they are usually used for production can be used by resin-bonded chipboard. In contrast however, the chips do not need to be dried for this conventional process. It's even a benefit if the wood shavings have a moisture content which is above the fiber saturation point. This water is with the mixing process Additives containing water of crystallization, such as magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride, are sometimes used to convert the additive into Bring solution.
BAD ORIGINAL COPYBAD ORIGINAL COPY
Die Vorteile des der Erfindung entsprechenden Verfahrens lassen sich folgenderweise zusammenfassen:The advantages of the method according to the invention can be summarized as follows:
1. Verwendung eines'anorganischen Bindemittels, das in ausreichender Menge zu einem vertretbaren Preis zur Verfügung ! steht. Es ist umweltfreundlich, weil Flugstaub und Silikastaub Abfallstoffe darstellen. i1. Use an'inorganischen binder, which in sufficient Amount available at a reasonable price! stands. It is environmentally friendly because of fly ash and silica dust Represent waste materials. i
2. Verwendung von geringeren Mengen an latent alkalischem Anreger.2. Use of smaller amounts of latent alkaline exciter.
3. Anwendung niedrigerer Pressentemperaturen, die energiegünstig sind und auch die Gefahr von Mittenplatzern verringern bei gleichzeitiger Verkürzung der Preßzeiten.3. Use of lower press temperatures, which are energy efficient and also reduce the risk of center bursts with simultaneous shortening of the pressing times.
4. Verwendung von ungetrockneten Holzspänen.4. Use of undried wood chips.
5. Nach einer kleinen Änderung der Mischanlagen ist die Verwendung von bereits bestehenden Holzspan-und Faserplatten-Anlagen zur Herstellung von mineralisch gebundenen Spanplatten |5. After a small change to the mixing equipment, the use of existing wood chip and fiberboard plants for the production of mineral-bonded chipboard |
i möglich. ji possible. j
i Beispiel: i example:
1050 g ungetrocknete Fichtenspäne (Feuchtigkeitsgehalt 70 %,' bezogen auf atro Holz), die zur Herstellung der Mittelschicht von Holzspanplatten geeignet waren, wurden mit 334 g gepulvertes Bittersalz in einem Zwangsmischer während 3 Minuten vermischt. Anschließend dosierte man ein Gemisch aus 326 g Magnesia und 761 g Flugstaub hinzu und mischte nochmals 3 Minuten.1050 g undried spruce chips (moisture content 70%, ' based on absolutely dry wood), which were suitable for producing the middle layer of chipboard, were powdered with 334 g Epsom salt mixed in a compulsory mixer for 3 minutes. A mixture of 326 g of magnesia and 761 g of fly ash were added and the mixture was mixed again for 3 minutes.
Die streufähige Mischung wurde gleichmäßig in einen Holzrahmen (44 χ 44 cm) gestreut und vorgepreßt (Druck ca. 0,004 N/mm2). Der Spänekuchen wurde anschließend zwischen zwei geölten Edelstahlblechen bei einem spezifischen Preßdruck von 1,6 N/mm2 bei 1100C während 7 Minuten mit Hilfe von Distanzleisten zu einer 12 mm dicken Spanplatte verpreßt.The spreadable mixture was sprinkled evenly into a wooden frame (44 × 44 cm) and pre-pressed (pressure approx. 0.004 N / mm 2 ). The chip cake was then oiled between two stainless steel sheets at a specific pressure of 1.6 N / mm 2 at 110 0 C for 7 minutes with the aid of spacer strips to a 12 mm thick particle board pressed.
COPYCOPY
Nach einer 2-wöchigen Lagerung bei einem Normklima (Temp. 2O0C und rel. Feuchtigkeit 65%) zeigte die Versuchsplatte die folgenden technologischen Kenndaten auf: Rohdichte 1080 kg/m3 bei einem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von 12 %, Biegefestigkeit 12 N/mm2, Querzugfestigkeit 0,7 N/mm2. Die Quellung nach Wasserlagerung beträgt nach 2 h 2,5 % und nach 24 h 5,1 %. Wegen der grauen Farbe des Flugstaubes gleicht die Platte äußerlich einer zementgebundenen Spanplatte. Bei der Anwendung von heller, fein gemahlener Hochofenschlacke als Bindemittel ist die Platte weiß wie eine Gipsplatte.(.. Temp 2O 0 C and relative humidity 65%) after a 2-week storage at a standard atmosphere, the test plate showed the following technological characteristics: bulk density 1080 kg / m 3 at a moisture content of 12%, flexural strength of 12 N / mm 2 , Transverse tensile strength 0.7 N / mm 2 . The swelling after immersion in water is 2.5% after 2 hours and 5.1% after 24 hours. Because of the gray color of the fly ash, the board looks like cement-bonded chipboard. When using light-colored, finely ground blast furnace slag as a binding agent, the board is white like a plasterboard.
Für eine Beurteilung der Patentfähigkeit in Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: DT: P 24 52 378 und DT: P 25 50 857.Publications considered for an assessment of patentability: DT: P 24 52 378 and DT: P 25 50 857.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3330124A DE3330124A1 (en) | 1983-08-20 | 1983-08-20 | Process for producing mineral-bonded wood materials, using a latent hydraulic binder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3330124A DE3330124A1 (en) | 1983-08-20 | 1983-08-20 | Process for producing mineral-bonded wood materials, using a latent hydraulic binder |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3330124A1 true DE3330124A1 (en) | 1985-03-14 |
Family
ID=6207045
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3330124A Withdrawn DE3330124A1 (en) | 1983-08-20 | 1983-08-20 | Process for producing mineral-bonded wood materials, using a latent hydraulic binder |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3330124A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1986001766A1 (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-03-27 | Forss Consult Ky, Kb | Fire-resistant wood composites, in particular wallboards, process for manufacture of same and use of a bonding agent in the manufacture |
| DE3991544T1 (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1991-02-21 | Nippon Kokan Kk | LIGHT MOLDED BODY AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| EP0501103A1 (en) * | 1991-02-26 | 1992-09-02 | EURIT BAUELEMENTE GmbH | Method for manufacturing calcium-hydro-silicate bound fibre board |
| US6355916B1 (en) | 1999-05-18 | 2002-03-12 | Alaris Medical Systems, Inc. | Closed loop system and method for heating a probe |
| WO2012055517A1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | Heidelbergcement Ag | Hydraulic activator for slag sand |
| CN115367750A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-11-22 | 山东理工大学 | Biomass porous carbon material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in lead-acid battery |
-
1983
- 1983-08-20 DE DE3330124A patent/DE3330124A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1986001766A1 (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-03-27 | Forss Consult Ky, Kb | Fire-resistant wood composites, in particular wallboards, process for manufacture of same and use of a bonding agent in the manufacture |
| DE3991544T1 (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1991-02-21 | Nippon Kokan Kk | LIGHT MOLDED BODY AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| EP0501103A1 (en) * | 1991-02-26 | 1992-09-02 | EURIT BAUELEMENTE GmbH | Method for manufacturing calcium-hydro-silicate bound fibre board |
| US6355916B1 (en) | 1999-05-18 | 2002-03-12 | Alaris Medical Systems, Inc. | Closed loop system and method for heating a probe |
| WO2012055517A1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | Heidelbergcement Ag | Hydraulic activator for slag sand |
| CN115367750A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-11-22 | 山东理工大学 | Biomass porous carbon material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in lead-acid battery |
| CN115367750B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-10-27 | 山东理工大学 | Biomass porous carbon material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in lead-acid battery |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |