DE3326233C2 - Method for scanning a target area as well as an optical target seeker head suitable for this purpose - Google Patents
Method for scanning a target area as well as an optical target seeker head suitable for this purposeInfo
- Publication number
- DE3326233C2 DE3326233C2 DE19833326233 DE3326233A DE3326233C2 DE 3326233 C2 DE3326233 C2 DE 3326233C2 DE 19833326233 DE19833326233 DE 19833326233 DE 3326233 A DE3326233 A DE 3326233A DE 3326233 C2 DE3326233 C2 DE 3326233C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- target
- scanning
- area
- optical
- head
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
- F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
- F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
- F41G7/2273—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves
- F41G7/2293—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
- F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
- F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
- F41G7/2213—Homing guidance systems maintaining the axis of an orientable seeking head pointed at the target, e.g. target seeking gyro
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
- F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
- F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
- F41G7/2253—Passive homing systems, i.e. comprising a receiver and do not requiring an active illumination of the target
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S3/782—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/785—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system
- G01S3/786—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S3/782—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/789—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using rotating or oscillating beam systems, e.g. using mirrors, prisms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/10—Scanning systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Abtasten eines Zielgebietes und einen hierzu geeigneten Zielsuchkopf. Um die Zielselektion und damit die Lenkung eines mit dem optischen Zielsuchkopf ausgerüsteten Lenkflugkörpers in das Ziel zu verbessern, wird bei Erfassen eines Zieles (T, T') die zugehörige Abtaststellung (Abtastamplitude d, Phasenlage φ) des optischen Zielsuchkopfes (1) bestimmt. Aus diesen Daten wird der optische Zielsuchkopf mit Hilfe eines Prozessors (8) in diese ermittelte Zielausrichtung gebracht und anschließend lediglich in einem begrenzten Bereich (9) um diese Zielausrichtung in einer Abtastbewegung geführt.The invention relates to a method for scanning a target area and a target seeker head suitable for this purpose. In order to improve the target selection and thus the steering of a guided missile equipped with the optical homing head into the target, the associated scanning position (scanning amplitude d, phase position φ) of the optical homing head (1) is determined when a target (T, T ') is detected. From this data, the optical target seeker head is brought into this determined target alignment with the aid of a processor (8) and then only guided in a limited area (9) around this target alignment in a scanning movement.
Description
|-3 4| -3 4
Il fernungsmessung zwischen Flugkörper und Ziel dient F i g. 2 hervorgeht, so kann dann, wenn mit dem Detek- ; oder charakteristische Reliefdaten des abgetasteten tor 7 ein Punktziel Terfaßt wird, dessen Lage durch die Il distance measurement between the missile and the target is used by F i g. 2 emerges, then, if with the Detek-; or characteristic relief data of the scanned gate 7 a point target is detected, the position of which by the
g Zielgebietes zur Zielerfassung liefert Auch ein solcher Messung der Abtastamplitude d und der Phasenlage φ g target area for target acquisition also provides such a measurement of the scanning amplitude d and the phase position φ
ψ aktiver Laser kann dann nach den gleichen Kriterien bestimmt werden. Diese von einem hier nicht näher dar- ψ active laser can then be determined according to the same criteria. This one not shown here in detail
ii wie oben in seiner Abtastbewegung gesteuert werden. 5 gestellten Positionsgeber innerhalb des Spiegelantrie-ii can be controlled in its scanning movement as above. 5 position encoder provided within the mirror drive
:"; Falls sich zu Beginn einer Suchphase, d. h. bei einer bes ermittelten Werte werden einem Prozessor 8 einge-: "; If at the beginning of a search phase, i.e. at a bes determined value, a processor 8
Abtastung des gesamten Gesichtsfeldes des Zielsuch- geben, der ansonsten mit dem Detektorausgang verbun-Scanning of the entire field of view of the target seeker, which is otherwise connected to the detector output
r kopfes, mehrere Ziele im Gesichtsfeld befinden, die den ist In dem Prozessor 8 wird ein Regelsignal r inr head, there are several targets in the field of view, which is the In the processor 8, a control signal r in
■ auch erfaßt werden, so kann über eine Entscheidungslo- Abhängigkeit dieser Werte von t/und φ für den Spiegel-■." gik durch D'skriminierung der Abtastampliiude und der io antrieb abgeleitet so daß der Zielsuchkopf nur noch dieIf these values are also detected, it is possible to derive these values from t / and φ for the mirror by discriminating against the scanning amplitudes and the drive so that the target seeker head only has the
Signaldauer eines dieser Ziele ausgewählt und anschlie- unmittelbare Umgebung des Punktzieles Γ abtastetSignal duration of one of these targets is selected and then the immediate vicinity of the point target Γ is scanned
Bend durch die erwähnte Schwerpunktverfolgung ange- Diese unmittelbare Umgebung ist in F i g. 3 durch einThis immediate environment is shown in FIG. 3 through a
steuert werden. gestricheltes Fenster 9 dargestelltbe controlled. dashed window 9 shown
Die Erfindung ist in einem Ausführungsbeispiel an- Es ist im übrigen möglich, für diese Ausrichtung desThe invention is in one embodiment. It is also possible for this orientation of the
hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert In der Zeichnung 15 Zielsuchkopfes mit anschließbarer Abtastung lediglichhand of the drawing explained in more detail In the drawing 15 target seeker with connectable scanning only
steilen dar der unmittelbaren Umgebung des Zieles zunächst nursteep represent the immediate vicinity of the target initially only
F i g. 1 einen Prinzipquerschnitt durch einen opti- die Phasenlage φ zu berücksichtigen, und aufgrund die-F i g. 1 a principle cross-section through an opti- to take into account the phase position φ , and due to the-
sriien Zielsuchkopf gemäß der Erfindung, ses Wertes für das Steuersignal r nur die Abtastamplitu-sriien target seeker according to the invention, this value for the control signal r only the scanning amplitude
F i g. 2 ein schematisches Blockschaltbild Tür den opti- de d zu berücksichtigen. Die Einrichtung eines FenstersF i g. 2 a schematic block diagram of the door to take the opti- d into account. The establishment of a window
sehen Zielsuchkopf gemäß der Erfindung, 20 9 mit zu beiden Seiten des Zieles Fliegenden Grenzensee seeker head according to the invention, 20 9 with boundaries flying on both sides of the target
F i g. 3 eine schematische Darstellung der Abtastung für die Phasenlage φ und für die Abtastamplitude d F i g. 3 shows a schematic representation of the sampling for the phase position φ and for the sampling amplitude d
eines Zielgebietes mit anschließender Selektion und An- verhindert jedoch weiterhin die Störmöglichkeit durchof a target area with subsequent selection and approach, however, continues to prevent the possibility of interference
Steuerungeines Punktzieles, andere Strahlungsquellen in der Nähe des anzusteuern-Control of a point target to control other radiation sources in the vicinity of the
■ F i g. 4 eine schematische Darstellung der Abtastung den Punktzieles T. Durch die Einrichtung eines Fensters eines Zielgebietes mit anschließender Selektion und An- 25 9 kann ferner die Abtastrate generell erniedrigt und Steuerung eines Flächenzieles. damit die Empfindlichkeit des optischen Zielsuchkopfes■ F i g. 4 a schematic representation of the scanning of the point target T. By setting up a window of a target area with subsequent selection and connection, the scanning rate can also be generally reduced and control of an area target. thus the sensitivity of the optical homing head
Ein optischer Zielsuchkopf 1 weist als Eingangsoptik erhöht werden.An optical homing head 1 has to be raised as input optics.
ein Afokalsystem auf. Gegenüber der optischen Achse Aufgrund dieser in dem Prozessor 8 ermittelten Da-an afocal system. Compared to the optical axis On the basis of this data determined in the processor 8
A mit einem Winkel von 45° angestellt, findet sich ein ten wird dann ein Lenksignal L an das Steuersystem für A is employed at an angle of 45 °, a steering signal L is then sent to the control system for
Abtastspiegel 4, der von einem Spiegelantrieb 5 gesteu- 30 die den optischen Zielsuchkopf tragende Luft-Boden-Scanning mirror 4, which is controlled by a mirror drive 5 and controls the air-to-ground plane carrying the optical target seeker head.
ert angetrieben wird. Die Spiegelnormale in Ruhestel- Rakete gegeben.is driven. The mirror normal given in rest rocket.
lung des Abtastspiegels ist mit 5 bezeichnet Das durch In F i g. 4 ist die Selektion und Ansteuerung eines Flä-development of the scanning mirror is denoted by 5 The by In F i g. 4 is the selection and control of an area
die Eingangsoptik fallende Licht, z. B. Infrarotstrahlung, chenzieles T dargestellt Die Abtastung des Zielgebie-the entrance optics falling light, z. B. Infrared radiation, target T shown The scanning of the target area
wird durch den Abtastspiegel 4 über eine Sammeloptik tes auf Spiral- oder Kreisbahnen B erfolgt dabei, wie beiis carried out by the scanning mirror 4 via a collecting optics tes on spiral or circular paths B , as in
6 auf einen einzigen Detektor 7 gelenkt, der auch ein 35 dem obigen Ausführungsbeispiel, von außen nach innen,6 is directed to a single detector 7, which is also a 35 in the above embodiment, from the outside to the inside,
multispektraler Detektor sein kann. Bei Zielannäherung und damit wachsender Bildgrößecan be multispectral detector. When approaching the target and thus increasing image size
Der Abtastspiegel 4 wird durch den Spiegelantrieb, des Flächenzieles T wird der optische Zielsuchkopf inThe scanning mirror 4 is driven by the mirror drive, the surface target T is the optical target seeker in
der z. B. piezoelektrische oder eiektromechanische mehreren Winkellagen φ* hier in den Winkellagen φ\. the z. B. piezoelectric or eiektromechanische several angular positions φ * here in the angular positions φ \.
Wandler aufweist, in eine Taumelbewegung mit einstell- gh, gh, das Flächenziel T' erfassen. Im Prozessor 8 kannHas converter, in a tumbling motion with einstell- gh, gh, detect the area target T '. In the processor 8 can
barer Amplitude versetzt, so daß die Spiegelnormale 40 dann durch eine Mittelung ein mittleres Regelsignal r shifted amplitude, so that the mirror normal 40 then a mean control signal r
sich auf einem Kegelmantel um die Normale 5 in Ruhe- abgeleitet werden, das eine angenäherte Ansteuerungcan be derived on a cone surface around the normal 5 at rest, which is an approximate control
stellung bewegt. Eine Spiegelnormale S' bei der Tau- des Schwerpunktes des Flächenzieles T erlaubt. Fürposition moved. A mirror normal S 'at the tau- the center of gravity of the surface target T is allowed. For
melbewegung ist in Fig. 1 gestrichelt dargestellt. Die diese Mittelung können für die mittlere Phasenlage φ, Melbewegung is shown in Fig. 1 in dashed lines. This averaging can be used for the mean phase position φ,
durch diese Taumelbewegung geänderte Ausrichtung und die Komponenten der Abtastamplitude in zwei zu-Alignment changed by this tumbling movement and the components of the scanning amplitude in two
des optischen Suchkopfes ist gestrichelt in F i g. 1 darge- 45 einander senkrechten Richtungen, das sind eine x- undof the optical seeker head is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1 shown 45 mutually perpendicular directions, that is an x and
stellt; die Suchachse ist gestrichelt dargestellt und mit einey-Richtung, die folgenden Formeln angegeben wer-represents; the search axis is shown dashed and with a y-direction, the following formulas are given
TA bezeichnet den: TA denotes the:
Mit dem beschriebenen optischen Zielsuchkopf wirdWith the described optical seeker head
das Gesichtsfeld des Suchkopfes auf kreis- bzw. spiral- _ _ /V _. A \ . /V ,V1
förmigen Bahnen B abgetastet, wie dies schematisch in 50 9 ~ \~ 'J I ~ 'J
den F i g. 3 und 4 dargestellt ist. Die Bahnen B entsprechen dem Fußpunkt der Suchachse TA im jeweiligen _ /V/i · j\ /V V1
Zielgebiet. Die Spiegelnormale bewegt sich daher auf rf-v = I -^47' sm 9i a>\ I Zj AM
einem Kegelmantel um die Ruhelage S der Spiegelnor- ' '
malen mit einem öffnungswinkel λ, so daß sich die 55 _ /γ, \ /^ \-i
Suchachse TA des Zielsuchkopfes auf einem Kegelman- «Λ· = lZjaiC0S9i ^n I Zj Aij
tel mit dem doppelten öffnungswinkel λ um die opti- ' \ <
/
sehe Achse OA bewegt. Gemäß der elementaren Winkelauflösung
des Detektors 7 kann dann das Gesichts- in denen A1 die jeweilige Intensität des Detektorsignals
feld bzw. das Zielgebiet entsprechend den F i g. 3 und 4 t>o für die Lagen ;'= 1,2 und 3 bedeutet,
in Kreis- bzw. Spiralbahnen B zerlegt und abgetastet Selbstverständlich kann innerhalb des Prozessors 8 in
werden. einer Entscheidungslogik auch ein Teil dieses Flächen-Gemäß der Schemadarstellung in der Fig. 3 befindet Zieles Tnach Art eines Punktzieles angegriffen weiden,
sich in dem abgetasteten Zielgebiet ein Punktziel T. des- z. B. der durch die Phasenlage g; bestimmte Bereich des
sen Lage in dem Zielgebiet durch die Phasenlage <?> ge- t>5 Flächenzieles T. the field of view of the seeker head on circular or spiral _ _ / V _. A \. / V, V 1
shaped tracks B are scanned, as shown schematically in 50 9 ~ \ ~ 'J I ~ ' J
the F i g. 3 and 4 is shown. The paths B correspond to the base point of the search axis TA in the respective _ / V / i · j \ / VV 1
Target area. The mirror normal therefore moves to rf -v = I - ^ 47 ' sm 9i a> \ I Zj AM
a cone around the rest position S of the mirror norm- ''
paint with an opening angle λ, so that the 55 _ / γ, \ / ^ \ -i
Search axis TA of the target seeker head on a Kegelman- «Λ · = lZj a i C0S 9i ^ n I Zj A ij
tel with twice the opening angle λ by the opti- '\ </
see axis OA moved. According to the elementary angular resolution of the detector 7, the face in which A 1 the respective intensity of the detector signal field or the target area according to FIGS. 3 and 4 t> o for the layers; '= 1, 2 and 3 means
broken down into circular or spiral paths B and scanned. Of course, within the processor 8, FIG. a decision logic of this surface in accordance with the schematic diagram in Fig 3 is located. objective Tnach type grazing attacked a point target, T. located in the scanned target area, for a point target DES also a part. B. by the phase position g; certain area of its position in the target area by the phase position <?> ge t> 5 area target T.
genüber einer Referenzlage g\> und die Abtastamplitude with respect to a reference position g \> and the scanning amplitude
d. das heißt die Auslenkung des Abtastspiegels gekenn- Hierzu 2 Blau Zeichnungen d. This means that the deflection of the scanning mirror is identified. 2 blue drawings
zeichnet werden kann. Wie aus dem Blockschaltbild aus can be drawn. As shown in the block diagram
Claims (4)
wird, die radiale Auslenkung im polaren Bild zu ändern. 65 Der Zielsuchkopf kann ein passiver oder aktiver Ziel-In the known method, the target destination is first scanned in Cartesian coordinates in the direction of an averaged center of gravity. As soon as they fly to. In the final approach phase, a target can finally be recognized, if this is brought into the center of the image of the target seeker head, which can also be seen more directly, and then an adaptation to the target proximity can be achieved. The area around the target is scanned in a polar manner. Although the diameter of the shadowing effects at the entrance pupil of the polar image field can, for. B. the height of the Kartesi target seeker head; However, these can correspond to the last field of view seen, whereby the target approach phase that is still planned must be accepted,
will change the radial deflection in the polar image. 65 The homing head can be a passive or active target
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19833326233 DE3326233C2 (en) | 1983-07-21 | 1983-07-21 | Method for scanning a target area as well as an optical target seeker head suitable for this purpose |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19833326233 DE3326233C2 (en) | 1983-07-21 | 1983-07-21 | Method for scanning a target area as well as an optical target seeker head suitable for this purpose |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3326233A1 DE3326233A1 (en) | 1985-02-14 |
DE3326233C2 true DE3326233C2 (en) | 1985-12-12 |
Family
ID=6204493
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19833326233 Expired DE3326233C2 (en) | 1983-07-21 | 1983-07-21 | Method for scanning a target area as well as an optical target seeker head suitable for this purpose |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE3326233C2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3614561A1 (en) * | 1986-04-29 | 1987-11-05 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Method for scanning a target area and IR homing head therefor |
DE19610032C1 (en) * | 1996-03-14 | 1997-07-10 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Enemy helicopter detection and destruction method |
DE3720013A1 (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 1998-10-08 | Aerospatiale | Guidance system for automatically guiding a missile towards a target |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7777690B2 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2010-08-17 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Radio frequency lens and method of suppressing side-lobes |
US8614743B2 (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2013-12-24 | Exelis Inc. | Security camera system and method of steering beams to alter a field of view |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1199438A (en) * | 1958-02-26 | 1959-12-14 | Aeronautique Soc Ind | Static self-steering mechanism, in particular for mobile devices such as special machines |
US4193688A (en) * | 1970-10-28 | 1980-03-18 | Raytheon Company | Optical scanning system |
DE2623373C3 (en) * | 1975-07-25 | 1984-09-20 | Pusch, Günter, Dr.-Ing., 6903 Neckargemünd | Thermal sighting and location method and device therefor |
FR2481794A1 (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1981-11-06 | Trt Telecom Radio Electr | OPTICAL DEVICE FOR SPATIAL FIELD ANALYSIS AND ANGULAR LOCALIZATION OF A RADIANT OBJECT IN THIS FIELD |
-
1983
- 1983-07-21 DE DE19833326233 patent/DE3326233C2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3720013A1 (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 1998-10-08 | Aerospatiale | Guidance system for automatically guiding a missile towards a target |
DE3720013C2 (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 1999-03-04 | Aerospatiale | Missile guidance system |
DE3720013C5 (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 2005-04-28 | Aerospatiale Soc Nat Ind S A | Missile guidance system |
DE3614561A1 (en) * | 1986-04-29 | 1987-11-05 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Method for scanning a target area and IR homing head therefor |
DE19610032C1 (en) * | 1996-03-14 | 1997-07-10 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Enemy helicopter detection and destruction method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3326233A1 (en) | 1985-02-14 |
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